welcome to bbc news — i'm lewis vaughanjones. our top stories: the world health organisation says any eu export controls on coronavirus vaccines risks prolonging the pandemic. the uk will try to join a trans—pacific trade agreement with 11 countries as part of its post—brexit plan. police clash with protesters in france, as demonstrations continue against a controversial new security law. and up for the cup — fans celebrate in brazil after palmeiras win the copa libertadores.

the european commission is being criticised for a plan to restrict exports of coronavirus vaccines manufactured within the eu. it could affect some 100 countries worldwide, including the uk, the us, canada and australia. the world health organisation is warning measures like this risk prolonging the pandemic. it says drugs should be prioritised and given to those most in need around the globe. a senior official told the bbc some countries should pause domestic immunisations once their health workers and vulnerable groups have been vaccinated, so that the rollout can be carried out across the rest of the world. saad omer is associate dean of global health research at yale school of medicine. he told us why it's important that countries don'tjust focus on their own populations when it comes to vaccine rollout. well, there is a balancing act

that each government needs to consider because it is in everyone�*s self interest to make sure that not only their own population is protected, but other populations are also protected. there are several reasons for that, beyond, altruistic motives et cetera, because it is in their own enlightened self—interest. one example, if any country has really high vaccine coverage and others do not, and the outbreak is rampant in other countries, that increases the likelihood of variants arising in these other countries that can come back and infect the population the country and sometimes these are variants can increase the efficacy of the population, ——decrease the efficacy of the vaccines that any country has boarding or prioritising their own population for. that is an interesting,

concrete example. what about this idea that is proposed by some saying, 0k, countries you can vaccinated your vulnerable populations — you can vaccinate your vulnerable populations and frontline workers and then stop your own rollout while making sure the other countries have a go. are you in support of that? yes. i think it's reasonable for each country to expect to vaccinate their high—risk population within their own borders. it would be unrealistic to suggest that any country not do that but, beyond that, there comes a threshold where it is unreasonable to hoard a vaccine, the number of doses twice or thrice the number of people in your own country. the line has to be drawn somewhere and the line starts becoming clearer as you move to lower and lower risk populations in your own country. the counter argument to that surely is that in those countries when they do reach that stage, they will have

all the infrastructure set up, the supply chains worked out, everything will hopefully be a well—oiled machine seems perverse to not vaccinate people who could still get seriously ill with this for the sake of pausing it and trying to roll it out elsewhere? that is true again. as i said, it is a judgement call based on who you cover and the best value of the next ten doses of vaccines. our work and other research has shown that taking into account high—risk populations in other countries, is in every country's self interests because of reasons that we have mentioned governments across the world are grappling with how best to roll out vaccines. the uk is doing pretty well so far. 5 out of 6 people over the age of 80 have have had theirfirstjab. our health correspondent katharine da costa explains the uk's approach. the uk vaccination programme's

already well under way, with more than 300 million doses on order from seven different companies. three have already been approved, but only the oxford astrazeneca and pfizer/biontech vaccines are in use. supplies of moderna are expected in the spring. this week, two other vaccines were also found to be highly effective at protecting people from falling seriously ill with covid. if they are approved by the uk regulator, novavax and janssen could be rolled out in the second half of this year. unlike the other vaccines, the janssen one only needs one shot, and because it can be stored in a fridge, it could have a significant impact on the global pandemic. the uk is also committed to help distribute more than a billion vaccines to developing countries this year. so, how is the vaccination campaign going? well, israel has taken an early lead, with 53 doses per 100 people. followed by the united arab emirates. the uk is on 12 per 100.

the uk vaccine task force says its support for clinical trials and securing deals early on has given it an advantage over its european neighbours with countries like spain, germany and france still lagging behind. one major concern for scientists is whether new variants could stop current vaccines from working as effectively. the good news is that novavax was found to be 86% effective against the uk variant, and both novavax and janssen were found to be around 60% effective against the south african version. scientists are still studying their impact on current vaccines. early results shows that they are still pretty efficient, but companies say, if changes are needed, they could be tweaked within weeks or months, and, like flu, we may need new vaccines each year. the american defence department has announced that a plan to vaccinate prisoners at its guantanamo bay camp

is to be put on hold. the programme would've seen terror detainees, including the alleged 9/11 planner khalid sheikh mohammed, being offered a jab, but it prompted an outcry among politicians and the public in the us, where some frontline workers and elderly citizens are struggling to get a vaccination. the uk is applying tojoin a free trade area made up of 11 asian and pacific nations, as part of its post—brexit plans. the group, known as cptpp, includes australia, canada, japan and new zealand. borisjohnson said new partnerships would bring enormous economic benefits for britain. jeff schott is a senior fellow working on global trade policy at the peterson institute for international economics and is a former trade official for the us government.

if the uk doesjoin if the uk does join this if the uk doesjoin this group, will let the enormous economic benefits? i will let the enormous economic benefits? ~ ,., ~' benefits? ithink so. ithink it is not— benefits? ithink so. ithink it is not only _ benefits? ithink so. ithink it is not only the _ benefits? ithink so. ithink it is not only the access - benefits? ithink so. ithink it is not only the access to l it is not only the access to better access to foreign markets, for uk goods and services, in all 11 of the markets, plus any other country that willjoin in the future. but i think also being part of the group means being part of a very important rulemaking body that will set precedents that will probably guide the world trading system in the future. sorry... . trading system in the future. sorry- -- -_ sorry... . and british firms are integrated _ sorry... . and british firms are integrated in _ sorry... . and british firms are integrated in the - sorry... . and british firms| are integrated in the supply chain in the region. the are integrated in the supply chain in the region.- are integrated in the supply chain in the region. the uk has 'ust chain in the region. the uk has just voted _ just voted to leave a big economic block that was playing a huge role in determining standards for trade.- a huge role in determining standards for trade. well, i think they _ standards for trade. well, i think they are _ standards for trade. well, i think they are just - standards for trade. well, i | think they are just adjusting their lobbying partners. qm!

think they are just adjusting their lobbying partners. 0k! uk already does — their lobbying partners. 0k! uk already does have _ their lobbying partners. 0k! uk already does have rolled - their lobbying partners. 0k! uk already does have rolled over l already does have rolled over trade agreements with most of these countries in the organisation anyway, so what are the extra benefits?- organisation anyway, so what are the extra benefits? well, i think the addition _ are the extra benefits? well, i think the addition analogy - are the extra benefits? well, i think the addition analogy is l think the addition analogy is the ability to source from all 11 countries and have your goods being part of their, having them better integrated in the supply chains, and that will affect investment decisions and will be very beneficial for british firms at home and in the region — — i think the additional advantage. do you think it willjoin eventually? i do you think it will 'oin eventually?i eventually? i think it eventually _ eventually? ithink it eventually well, - eventually? ithink it eventually well, it i eventually? ithink it eventually well, it is| eventually well, it is well—positioned, especially since the trade talks with japan but it will take time. not all of the 11 countries in the cptpp yet the agreement and it would be rather awkward to go forward with the negotiations for new members

until the original 11 have fully ratified and are fully participating in the pact. i suspect this is something that will be prepared this year and possibly negotiated next year. 0k, possibly negotiated next year. ok, that makes sense. the trade deal that everyone wants is with the us. what you rate the chances of a uk deal with the us? �* ., chances of a uk deal with the us? ~ ., ~ chances of a uk deal with the us? �* ., ~ ., us? again, i think we have already had _ us? again, i think we have already had extensive - already had extensive negotiations. i do not see them moving forward to conclusion this year. and i would not glue the possibility that the us and the possibility that the us and the uk canjointly the possibility that the us and the uk can jointly negotiate a session to the cptpp in their future on somewhat revised terms. the united states will not return to the agreement that it basically negotiated five years ago but it would i

think agreed to an agreement that expands upon the rules that expands upon the rules that are already in place. that is something we did in north america. i think it is likely to occur in the asia—pacific as well. it could include the uk. great to have you on, great to talk to you. thank you.- talk to you. thank you. thank ou. protesters marching against a controversial security bill have clashed with french police in paris. the authorities used water cannon and batons to disperse the demonstrators. the protests, which also took place in several other french cities, are the latest in a series against proposed legislation, which critics say would make it difficult to hold police accountable. james reynolds reports. it has become a common scene in france. people take to the streets to protest, officers respond with water cannon, tear gas... they drag people away.

the day had started like this: thousands of people marching in cities across the country to protest against a new draft law called the global security bill. the law would ban the filming of individual officers in a way which identifies them if it's proven that the images were taken with malicious intent. translation: this law is really oppressive and i believe this - is very serious for democracy. this argument intensified last year after footage emerged of three white policemen beating a black music producer. critics argue that the new law might make it more difficult to hold the police to account. it will stop the liberty of people like us to film when policemen are acting violently. the government insists that the law is needed in order to protect the police

from receiving threats online. the law's critics say it would erode the freedoms on which the country's identity has been built. james reynolds, bbc news. this is bbc news. our top stories: the world health organisation says any eu export controls on coronavirus vaccines risks prolonging the pandemic. the uk will try to join a trans—pacific trade agreement with 11 countries as part of its post—brexit plan. myanmar�*s armed forces have promised to abide by the country's constitution, amid concerns that they may have been preparing to stage a coup. the army said recent comments about the validity of last november's election had been misunderstood. here's our south east asia correspondentjonathan head. after days of some unnerving sabre rattling, the generals of myanmar appear to have second thoughts. in its most recent statement the military explained the comments by the armed forces commander, general min

aung hlaing, had been misunderstood. he had suggested that if the constitution was not being properly followed — in reference to the military�*s repeated complaints about irregularities in last november's elections — it should be annulled. but the latest statement promises that the military will abide by the constitution. the chorus of international dismay appears to have persuaded the military to tone down its rhetoric. given the popularity of the burmese leader, aung san suu kyi and the overwhelming mandate won by her party in the election, a coup would have been an uncharacteristically reckless act by a military that has proven adept at playing the long game, maintaining its political influence even as it has allowed a democratic system to take root. perhaps all the talk of coups was only ever meant as a warning to miss suu kyi as she prepares for a second term in office and a renewal of her long struggle to get the military out of politics. but in a country run by the generals for half

a century, such talk is always taken seriously. let's get some of the day's other news. a bus has veered off a bridge in western cuba, killing at least 10 people and injuring many others. the vehicle was carrying a0 teachers, returning to their homes outside the capital, havana, after classes there were suspended due to the pandemic. a visa scheme is coming into effect which allows hong kong residents to apply for the opportunity to become british citizens. the british government says its special status scheme is a response to beijing's imposition of a security law on hong kong last year. china has now stopped recognising british national overseas passports held by hong kong citizens. the mayor of amsterdam has said she wants to ban foreign tourists from the city's cannabis cafes. femkuh hulsumaa says the move would discourage crime, but cafe owners say it would push their businesses into the hands of gangsters.

more than 200,000 people have fled fighting in the central african republic since violence erupted over december�*s election result. that's according to the un's refugee agency who say nearly half of those refugees have crossed into the neighbouring democratic republic of congo. paul hawkins reports. this refugee camp in the democratic republic of the congo has tens of thousands of people who have fled the violence in the central african republic. joseph is 7a years old. translation: i want clean water, medicine, food - and clothes to protect me. something to sleep on. sheets, blankets and cooking utensils. i really miss that. it is the third time he has fled his country because of conflict. translation: there was a war on bangassou and we had - to flee. we found refuge here.

the camp is in ndu village a one hour walk including a ferry ride across the mbomou river to bangassou on the other side in the central african republic. the country itself is huge, larger than france, belgium and luxembourg combined, rich in diamonds, timber and gold but poor in stability. the country's army backed by un, russian and rwandan troops has been fighting rebels seeking to overturn last month's vote in which president faustin—archange touadera was declared the winner. the international conference on the great lakes region, made up of 12 african countries, has called for a ceasefire and urged armed groups to stop the siege of the capital bangui. but the fighting goes on with 100,000 people displaced inside the country and almost half that number, likejoseph, escaping across the border. fans of the brazilian club palmeiras have been celebrating its victory in the final of the copa libertadores — south america's equivalent to the champions league. palmeiras defeated another

brazilian team, santos, with a late goal in the ninth minute of added time. tim vickery, an expert in south american football, has been following the match. it is one of those games where if you are a fan of palmeiras you will never forget it and anyone else may struggle to remember it. it was hot, very hot out there. the game was originally scheduled for late november, in springtime but because of the pandemic it was brought back to the end of january, high summer but the same kick off time — five o'clock in the afternoon, rio time.. it was very, very hot out there and i think, so often, extreme conditions like that lead to cautious football and we had a cautious game with a little bit of drama right at the end with the winning goal coming deep, deep in stoppage time. it was not a spectacle that the neutral will remember. not a spectacle but interestingly, brazilian teams involved. is this a resurgence of brazilian club football?

brazil and argentina dominate this competition and over the last three years all of the semifinalists have been either from brazil or from argentina. the brazilian clubs have a massive financial advantage over their continental rivals so you would expect them to be strong in this competition. a test now is coming up because as champions of south america, palmeiras can now move on immediately to the club world cup in the middle east and that plays big in south america. the europeans treat it as a big yawn, but for palmeiras there is nothing better, nothing bigger than a chance to take on those glamorous rich champions of europe, bayern munich. so that will be an interesting measure ofjust how good this side are. and, also, it showsjust how much football is being played at the moment. too much football, i think. the palmeiras players, since football resumed in late july, this was game number 55.

55 games injust over six months and some of them were being played in extreme temperatures. and with some of those players coming back from covid—19 and the opposition today, santos — the losing side — one of their players came back from covid—19, a flight to ecuador, a flight to paraguay and suffered a thrombosis and needed surgery and that is clearly the after—effect of covid. so the players are being sacrificed in this scenario. let's get more on this with lewis mudge. he's the central africa director at human rights watch, joining us from vermont. thank you so much for coming on the programme. thank you so much for coming on the programme-— the programme. thank you for havin: the programme. thank you for having me- — the programme. thank you for having me. reports _ the programme. thank you for having me. reports that - the programme. thank you for| having me. reports that rebels are encircling _ having me. reports that rebels are encircling the _ having me. reports that rebels are encircling the capital- are encircling the capital that. just how bad is the situation?— that. just how bad is the situation? the situation is very bad. _ situation? the situation is very bad. the _ situation? the situation is very bad, the situation - situation? the situation is very bad, the situation is| situation? the situation is i very bad, the situation is as bad as it has been in the

central african republic since i would say 2013 and 2014, this is a landlocked country, and when rebels encircle the country, that means the capital is cut off. there is a river that runs up to the capital, but the main lifeline to cameroon, and that road is consistently being attacked by rebels, consistently seeing cuts and blockages, we are seeing the price of food rise dramatically, so not only from a security perspective but also an economic perspective in the capital, things are very bad. how does the international community go about fixing this? well there is already 12,500 uniformed un troops on the ground, and the mission, the un peacekeeping mission in the central african republic recently requested more troops, additional troops. you also have a plethora of other countries that have sent forces, the russians, they have

allied themselves with the central african republic government, the rwandan troops have been increased from the un forces, the rwandans have gone in, french troops on the ground, and the french are sending jets from chad to sort of scare the rebels, and i don't think this is necessarily going to be solved with just more troops on the ground. the fact is that you have warlords from these different rebel groups that have formed this coalition year in year out, they have control territory, killed civilians and have not faced any real repercussions, so until the central african republic and its international partners can decide that they actually want peace deals that have accountability, that actually holds these leaders responsible, i think you could triple the size of the un force, and it's not actually going to come to a real solution. the real solution will be when these warlords realise that this does not pay, because up until now, when they kill civilians they get a place of the political table.-

of the political table. and of course the _ of the political table. and of course the number - of the political table. and of course the number of - of the political table. and of. course the number of displaced people, absolutely staggering? you are talking about an additional 100,000 people in the last few weeks, but the more shocking number is the overall amount of displacement in the central african republic over the last few years. this violence is acute and this violence is acute and this violence is acute and this violence is body and this violence is body and this violence that we have seen in the last few weeks is very alarming, but this is a country thatis alarming, but this is a country that is in perpetual crisis. a country of 4.5 million people, of which half of them are either refugees are internally displaced, so an additional 100,000 is horrible, but we are talking about well over 2 million people of this country, 2 million of the population displaced out of insider or outside, this is a civilian population that continues to be preyed upon an continues to suffer. with each passing day, the number of people who've larger. one thing scientists don't know is whether people may still carry the virus, but not show any symptoms

after receiving theirjabs, so testing will be vitally important, and scientists are looking for help in a familiar place, as the bbc�*s tim allman explains. man's best friend has been doing his or her bit almost from the day the virus first emerged. these keen canine senses believed to be up to 95% effective in sniffing out covid—19. and here at this project near bordeaux they are teaching them to hunt down an invisible virus. translation: the dog associates this toy - with the smell of covid—19 and then we remove his toy. the dog knows that if he finds covid he finds his toy. if anything, the task could become more urgent as the vaccine programme is rolled out. restrictions are raised and people move around more, the animals will work their magic in hospitals, schools and other public places.

translation: it is part of our research to - train dogs according to different types of samples, to identify their capacity to apprehend patients who will be contagious or less contagious. symptomatic but also those asymptomatic. as we enter this room it is important that we detail each area. a similar programme is being piloted in florida and it can take about three months to train up a covid sniffer dog. an old friend, a new trick. a quick reminder of our top story. the world health organization has warned that an eu decision to impose export controls on coronavirus vaccines risks prolonging the pandemic. get plenty more on the website, and i will be back with the headlines in a couple of minutes time. you can get me

any time online. you can reach me on twitter — i'm @ l vaughanjones. hello. sunday gets off to a cold start, a very cold start in parts of scotland, where temperatures in the coldest spots will be down to minus double figures. frosty, icy in places. for many, though, sunday will stay dry. some sunshine but turning increasingly hazy, but not all will be dry. there's another atlantic weather system heading our way, and that's going to bring in some further outbreaks of rain, sleet and some snow across some western areas, which we'll see in a moment. now, these are the starting temperatures. away from those very cold spots in highland scotland, that's all below freezing, so a widespread frost, icy where we've had wintry showers overnight in the northern isles and where you saw some of saturday's wet weather. a few lingering fog patches in parts of scotland, many, though, a sunny start, some turning hazy. wales and northern ireland,

bringing in some outbreaks of rain, sleet and snow. snow mostly on hills, but perhaps some low levels for a time in parts of wales and northern ireland, and what is going to be another quite cold, raw day out there. that easterly wind not quite as strong across southern parts as it was during saturday. bit of patchy rain and drizzle also pushing into parts of southeast england to end the day and staying damp across southern parts going into monday morning, and wet in northern ireland with further rain, sleet and hill snow around here. a few wintry showers in northern scotland overnight and into monday. it's not going to be as cold at night. so, a wet start in northern ireland, further rain, sleet and hill snow and some of this will push on towards parts of scotland during monday, so the prospect of some snow for some of us here away from the immediate west coast. and plenty of cloud in england and wales, still damp and drizzly in places, especially to the south. some sunny spells in northeast scotland, not quite as cold on monday. a more vigorous weather system coming in monday night and into tuesday, bringing in more wet weather.

that means more rain to flood affected areas and some snow as it meets the colder air as it moves its way northwards. the chance of some significant snow accumulations, disruptive snow in parts of northern england and scotland on tuesday, notjust on the hills. if you haven't got the snow, you've got some rain, that's the case into northern ireland. some showers affecting parts of england and wales, where for some of us, it is turning milder. now, this wet weather system will linger in parts of northern ireland and scotland wednesday and into thursday. more snow across parts of scotland, turning drierfor some of us in england and wales. that's your forecast, bye—bye.

this is bbc news. the headlines: the world health organization has warned against "vaccine nationalism" after the european union announced it would bring in export controls on vaccines produced within the bloc. the eu introduced the measure amid a row with vaccine manufacturers over delivery shortfalls. the uk government has confirmed that it's formally applying to join a trade agreement which represents around 15% of all international trade. the cptpp brings together australia, new zealand, japan and canada, as well as a number of pacific rim countries, including malaysia and vietnam. protesters marching against a controversial security bill have clashed with french police in paris. it's part of an ongoing campaign against proposed laws to increase security forces' surveillance tools and restrict rights on circulating images of police officers in the media. borisjohnson has published

an open letter to parents, saying he is "in awe" of how they are coping.