my name's mike embley. our top stories: at the trial of derek chauvin, a police trainer tells the court the force used by the former officer on george floyd was excessive. brazil registers more than 4,000 coronavirus deaths in 2a hours — a new record for the country. at the trial of derek chauvin, a police trainer tells the court the force used by the former officer on george floyd was excessive.

welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. american officials are describing the first day of talks with iran as �*constructive�*. iran and the united states are holding indirect talks in vienna, with the aim of reviving the landmark iran nuclear deal. european officials are acting as intermediaries, hoping to solve the impasse, since donald trump announced the us would withdraw from the deal, nearly three years ago. mark lobel reports. tentative steps in vienna as european diplomats shuttle between iranians and americans in the same city, but different buildings, looking for a way in between the smoke to rein in iran's nuclear activities. we do see this as a constructive and certainly welcome step. and in the end, we hope that we are able to leave vienna, return to the united states — our negotiating team, i should say — with a better

understanding of a road map for how to get to that end state. at the heart of the dispute is uranium enrichment. the international community wants iran producing limited uranium, enriched up to 3.67% concentration. but iran has been enriching some uranium up to 20% concentration and stockpiling it. iran's chief nuclear negotiator says, so far, meetings have been constructive and on the right track, but gave this warning. i have come here to do business. but i doubt that there is the same seriousness in the other side. if the us is serious, they should be prepared to lift all sanctions that they have imposed or reimposed against iran. this global effort is an attempt to revive the 2015

nuclear deal that donald trump abandoned in 2018. but who will blink first? sanctions are hurting iran's economy and oil trade. but with a presidential election injune to replace the moderate hassan rouhani, with hardliners tipped to do well — how could that sway things? and in the us, some want a new deal to go further, and cover iran's ballistic missiles and regional ambitions. so there's an expectation this shuttling between the americans and iranians could take some time to resolve. mark lobel, bbc news. a trial of the 0xford—astrazeneca covid vaccine on children has stopped giving outjabs while the uk's medicines regulator investigates a possible link with rare blood clots in adults. the university of oxford has told the bbc that there are no safety concerns with the trial itself, but its scientists were waiting for further information. 0ur medical editor, fergus walsh, says the decision

has been taken out of an abundance of caution. there are no safety concerns in the volunteers, they simply thought it would be sensible to stop vaccinating while this adult review was going on. now, no medicine, whether it's paracetamol or vaccines, is risk—free, but unpicking whether there is a link between the astrazeneca jab and these incredibly rare blood clots is, frankly, difficult. and the incidents in the uk is thought to be one case in every 600,000 vaccinations, in germany, it's higher, nearly all there involving younger women. and each case has to be investigated. did those involved have underlying conditions, did they have covid, which increases your risk of clots, and is there a connection between them? we know there is an all too real risk from covid, especially in the elderly, and in the 405, there is a one in a thousand risk of dying from covid after infection.

it's much lower in your 20s and 30s, which means that balance of benefit verse risk is more balanced. now, regulators have said now in all age groups, the benefits of the vaccine greatly outweigh the risk. this is a global vaccine, 2 billion doses of the astrazeneca jab are being produced, so this is going to play a vital role in bringing the pandemic under control this year. 0ur medical editor, fergus walsh. brazil has registered a new daily record of covid—19 deaths on tuesday. the health ministry said 4,195 people died with the virus in the past 2a hours. more than 300,000 brazilians have now died since the start of the pandemic — the second highest total in the world after the united states. eduardo leite, governor of rio grande do sul, told us the situation, nationwide, has been influenced by the actions of the president. what we are facing here

in brazil, what we have here, it is a sad situation that is the consequence of the lack of co—ordination in the federal level by the national government. what we have here is president bolsonaro confronting governors and mayors and the main tool that we have, the main weapon we have to not allow the coronavirus to spread in an easy way, and the weapon is the social distancing. we are doing our best on the state level, so, we can, with the restrictions of social distancing, to make, todecrease the cases of coronavirus. and we have that right now in our state of rio grande do sul, it is the southernmost state of brazil, near uruguay. governor, you talk about a lack of co—ordination, it's actually a fundamentally different approach, isn't it?

the president has made it very clear that he thinks the risk to the economy from coronavirus is greater than the risk to human beings, or at least that the pain of the pandemic is worth bearing, not to destroy the economy. what do you think of that approach? of course the president is wrong. he may not be the only person in the world that is right in being against social distancing. the world recognises that the best practice, the scientists, the researchers are almost unanimous about that. but the president makes this situation of confronting economy and protecting the lives of the people. and what we have is that without feeling that they are protected, people will not be

confident to keep running the economy, so, his behaviour is unfortunately killing brazilians and it is hurting our economy. i just want to ask you one question about your own state. when you talk about confusion, it seems potentially confusing, i understand, given all that you have said, you are in fact relaxing the quarantine in your own state? briefly, if you don't mind, why is that? the problem that we have, mike, is that it is the federal government, who has the money to subsidise economic activities so people can stay at home. and the federal government is not doing that right now. so, we have to allow some situations of businesses, but we are allowing it only in business hours, not at night, for example, restaurants have to remain

closed during the night, during the weekends, so we are getting lower restrictions as we see a reduction of the occupation of our icu units. eduardo leite, governor of rio grande do sul. day seven of the trial of derek chauvin and the jury has been told that the neck restraint employed was against policy and training. prosecutors say mr chauvin made no attempt to calm george floyd down and spent more than nine minutes kneeling on his neck, which, they argue, led to his death. larry madowo has been following the case in minneapolis. we have heard from ten witnesses who are from the police, the minneapolis police department, all testifying that derek chauvin violated department policy, his use of force in the arrest of george floyd was excessive and this is not how they're trained. it is highly unusual to hear that many members of police organisation testify against

a member of their own force. there is an unofficial rule called the thin blue line of silence, where police officers often protect their own, which is why it's often so hard to convict a police officer in a case of police brutality or police misconduct as a whole. in this case, they have all come out against 0fficer derek chauvin, who was fired just a day after the death of george floyd. we also heard the first outside witness brought on by the prosecution. he is sergeant from the los angeles police department. he did testify also from the outside looking in that his use of force was excessive. this is that exchange from the court today. based upon your review of these materials and in light of the ground factors, what is your opinion as to the degree of force used by the defendant on mr floyd on the date in question? my opinion was that the force was excessive. -

the reason why this is important is the prosecution is trying to build the case that, as they said in their opening statement, that derek chauvin betrayed his badge, this is not consistent with police training. that is the narrative they've tried to build again and again. and the defence�*s case is to try to poke holes into that and discredit all the witnesses and to say that these are decisions that officers make that are split—second decisions, and they are situational, they take into account what's happening. in eric nelson's view — he is the lead attorney of derek chauvin — because there were a mob, there were people yelling and screaming at the officers there, they distracted them, they impaired theirjudgement, and that is why he made those decisions and that is why when he should have turned george floyd on his side so that he could recover, regain breathing, when he should have administered cpr, he didn't do that because of all the other factors around the arrest of george floyd. 0ur correspondent, larry madowo, in minneapolis. stay with us on bbc news,

still to come: the man who used memories, sculptures and mosiacs to turn his home into a living work of art. 25 years of hatred and rage as theyjump upon the statue. this funeral became a massive demonstration of black power, the power to influence. today is about the promise of a bright future, a day when we hope a line can be drawn under the bloody past.

i think that picasso's i works were beautiful, they were intelligent and it's a sad loss to everybody - who loves art. welcome back. very glad to have you with us on bbc world news. the latest headlines: in vienna, after a day of delicate diplomacy, the united states says the first session of talks, on reviving the iran nuclear deal were constructive. brazil registers more than 4,000 coronavirus deaths in 24 hours, a new record for the country. un officials are warning that about one in three people in the democratic republic of the congo now faces acute hunger. two agencies — the world food programme and the food

and agriculture organization estimate that at least 27 million people there are urgently in need of food. it's the highest number anywhere in the world. conflict is one key reason, especially in the eastern provinces, where there are frequent attacks from dozens of rebel groups. un officials say the pandemic and an economic downturn are also contributing to the crisis. earlier i spoke to adotei akwei, amnesty international�*s deputy director for advocacy and government relations in the us. he says the humanitarian crisis in the democratic republic of the congo had been building for quite some time. i think this was not a surprise. our research had documented continuing attacks by armed groups, destabilisation in the north and south kivus, a lack of accountability, and, certainly, a weak government in kinshasa. so i think this humanitarian crisis has been building for several years and the fighting has not been stopped and this is where we're reaching the point now where we have literally as many people as there are in the netherlands who are food insecure and could starve.

and what are your staff seeing on the grounds, how are they coping, if they're coping with the situation? well, i think even before the advent of the covid pandemic things were extremely difficult. this is why you see africa having such a huge population of displaced persons, people fleeing into uganda, fleeing into tanzania, and going up through to kenya. the situation, of course, also disrupts livelihoods, it disrupts economic activity, and it basically has resulted in such a huge explosion of gender—based violence against women. so, really, people have been left to be dependent on humanitarian assistance. the national government has not been able to do this on its own because it doesn't have the resources. i think that was before covid.

the advent of covid has made this just that much harder. and we just heard the world food programme is asking for hundreds of millions of dollars to try to be the population. but of course we're talking about millions of people in a vast country, i think the drc�*s about the size of western europe. what chance of reaching those people, of making meaningful change in their lives? it's certainly going to be critical to get whatever assistance we can into the different parts of the drc, in particular into the kivus, that has to continue. and, in fact, we would like to see and encourage a robust response to the appeal for humanitarian assistance. but we're not going to be able to affect the numbers we will need until we address the drivers of the crisis, that is the continued activity of the armed groups, the abuses by the congolese forces themselves, and of course the failure to bring anyone to justice. that's going to need political and diplomatic interventions and will need leadership and will need to prioritise protecting human rights by all the parties involved of the people in the country.

russian police have detained the doctor of the opposition activist, alexei navalny, outside the detention centre where he's serving a jail sentence. she was among ten people arrested. the supporters are demanding that he receive proper medical treatment. mr navalny — who's on hunger strike — is said by his lawyer to be seriously ill. president biden says the us is on track to exceed his goal of giving 200 million vaccinations in his first hundred days in office. but he warned that new variants of the virus were increasing and the country was still in a life—or—death race. for decades, china used a one—child policy to rein in what the government feared

was an ever—growing population which the country couldn't manage. then, in recent years, the rules were eased allowing couples to have two children. there'sjust one problem — most young people don't seem to want to have big families anymore. 0ur correspondent, stephen mcdonell, met some of them in north—east china. chinese kids are sometimes called little emperors because parents, limited to one child only, gave their offspring everything. then came the two—child policy, but for many, one has remained well and truly enough. you just have to ask parents with a single child if they want more. translation: i haven't even considered it. - neither emotionally nor financially could i afford it. in china's once prosperous north—east, dwindling

populations in many towns have led to a suggestion that this could be the first region to scrap birth limits altogether. but this may not produce more children. translation: for me, it's i already hard to raise this one. it feels better to put all your energy into one child, or we might feel guilty that we can't properly take care of many. there's been a huge shift in attitude from generation to generation here in china. older generations, they come from big families, and it was a really crucial thing in terms of their lives. but for younger people, it's not the same. they really don't want to have as many kids. it's not as important for them. the one—child policy came into force in the early �*80s to stop an already massive population exploding.

later, people in rural areas and those from ethnic minorities were allowed multiple kids. yet for the vast majority over three decades, having more than one child meant being fined. china in 2021 is a completely different place. young couples want different things. when you look at birth rates throughout history, poverty tends to produce people. that's because every new human being is an extra pair of hands to go to work. then along comes prosperity, and it's not as important to have kids for this reason. another factor is that this huge country has now produced generations of people simply accustomed to small family life. it might be hard to get them to change. stephen mcdonell, bbc news. 0ne unexpected benefit of lockdown has been some truly stunning views of the night sky. according to new research, that's because of a dramatic drop in levels of light pollution. 0ur chief environment correspondentjustin rowlatt

reports. this is what a truly dark sky looks like. billions of stars wheel above the kielder 0bservatory in northumberland. set deep in a forest, the observatory enjoys the darkest skies in england. and throughout lockdown senior astronomer dan monk has been filming the incredible views. people often do get emotional when they sit underneath this amazing dark sky and they realise how small they are in the universe. it can actually make people cry at times. it's estimated 85% of us have never seen a truly dark sky. it means we are missing out because it gives us a sense of our place in the universe, the awesome vastness of space. but look at this. even a tiny light is enough

to extinguish the stars and bring us right back down to earth. the reduction in light pollution this year is an exception. satellite images show the night sky has been getting steadily lighter across the world. changes in light have been linked with obesity, heart disease, depression, and even cancer. you see, she's shaking? and some animals suffer even more profoundly. there are such a range of animals which are negatively impacted from this. when you think of our migrating birds, for instance, which are drawn off course by lights. insects, vast numbers of moths drawn to those lights, where they batter themselves to death or where they are predated by bats which change their behaviour to visit those lights, perhaps to their advantage, but to the deficit of other species of bats. so all of this is happening out there in our night. so what can be done? the good news is we can tackle light pollution relatively easily. small measures like businesses making sure they are turning

their lights off at night time when the buildings aren't in use. also, local government making sure that street lamps are properly shaded and the lights targeted, so it's not spilling out there and creating unnecessary light blight. that will mean more of us can see sights like this. justin rowlatt, bbc news, northumberland. you've heard the saying "some things need to be seen to be believed" — that's certainly true when talking about the home improvements one artist in south london has undertaken. actually it's more like a labour of love for more than 20 years — turning his terraced house into a unique work of art. and lockdown has given him the time to take it even further. my my name is stephen rate. i am the creator of the house of dreams museum in south london. welcome to my house in the house of dreams. i began the

project in 1998, all those years ago. the house is about legacy, it's about wanting to leave something behind. during lockdown i certainly have had a lot of time in my hands to make more work, which is what i have done, really. so, this one was the first piece i produced under lockdown, and i think he's a fabulous. i like his false teeth. under normal circumstances we have one open day e—mail. people often ask me when they come to the house of dreams, what is my favourite object. it's hard to answer. i suppose one of my favourites is the dog with the squashed face over here, which i bought at the market for a pound. —— doll. we have these big columns of toys and colour. i love colour. everything is here for

a reason, it isn't too ill a space. so, you know, i could tell you virtually where everything is from. i want to recall the memories i had when i bought them. it's not an easy project, but if i wanted and easy life, i wouldn't do this. when you think it will be finished? the house of dreams will never be finished. i will be finished before the house of dreams is finished. the united states is facing a shortage of one of its most iconic condiments, tomato ketchup, due to the pandemic. heinz, which produces the most popular brand, says it has been unable to keep up with surging demand for sachets of ketchup, although it is now boosting production. demand for the sachets has been driven by the surge in takeaway food, coupled with advice to avoid using communal bottles in restaurants. and you can get in touch

with me and most of the team on twitter — i'm @embleymike. thank you for watching. well, it's certainly been cold in the last couple of days. we've snow, particularly across northern parts of the uk. but here's the good news if you don't like the cold. it is going to feel a lot better on wednesday. we won't have that cold northerly wind. we won't have that windchill, which we've been experiencing for a couple of days now. but the arctic air has spread right across the continent into northern parts of the mediterranean as well, so it's quite a widespread outbreak of cold arctic air. now, through the early hours you can see clear skies across much of the country. still a few wintry showers there across parts of scotland. but lighter winds, clear skies, a frost as well. temperatures in some cities down to around —2 or —3 celsius early on wednesday morning. so wednesday's looking something like this, lots of bright, sparkling sunshine first thing in the morning.

but the clouds will build through the morning and into the afternoon. so actually the second half of the day is looking a little overcast for some of us. and in the north—west of the country, later on in the afternoon, and towards the evening, the clouds will thicken further and we are expecting some outbreaks of rain in places like belfast, glasgow, much of the western isles. and that's because a weather front is approaching, the winds turning direction, actually milder air is reaching us. and by very early on thursday morning you can see that generally across the country it is frost free — almost. now, that change is brought by area of low pressure which will be tracking into the north of the uk. you can see that slightly milder air brought in by these south—westerly winds. so i think on thursday temperatures, at least for a while, will recover

to double figures, onlyjust. perhaps 11 or 12 across parts of england and wales. but with that also comes a weather front and outbreaks of rain parts of the north—west of the uk. i think the best of the weather will be further south and also south—east. now, as we head into thursday night and friday, that weather front will move across, in fact, it's a cold front and behind it we once again open up the gates to a cold air stream from the arctic, which could bring wintry showers to northern areas of the uk. so, yes, temporarily it is going to turn just a little bit milder through thursday, friday, maybe saturday, but the second half of the weekend it is turning colder again.

this is bbc news. the headlines: american officials have described the start of talks in vienna, intended to revive the international deal on iran's nuclear programme, as a welcome step, and �*constructive'. a state department spokesman said the discussions are expected to be difficult and an early breakthrough is not anticipated. brazil has registered more than 4,000 coronavirus deaths in 24 hours — a new record for the country. the public health system has been largely overwhelmed by the surge in cases. president bolsonaro has been widely blamed for the crisis. he has consistently played down the severity of the virus. the jury in the trial of derek chauvin — accused of murdering george floyd — has been told the neck restraint he used was against police policy and training. prosecutors say he made no attempt to calm mr floyd down before kneeling on his neck for more than nine minutes. now on bbc news, it's hardtalk.