hello, welcome to bbc news. i'm david eades. our top stories: a blunt warning from the us vice president on a visit to central america — don't come to the united states, because you won't get in. the first new treatment for alzheimer's for nearly 20 years has been approved by us regulators. a dramatic fall in applications from asians to study at american universities. it's put down to an increase in racist attacks. and — going down in the world — the chinese villagers who moved from the top of a cliff to a new housing estate.

hello and welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. the us vice president, kamala harris, who's visiting guatemala, has urged its citizens not to come to the us. this is herfirst stop on a regional tour aimed at tackling the undocumented mass migration to america, right at the source. ms harris and the biden administration are pledging $310 million in immediate humanitarian aid. and on top of that, there will be long—term investments worth $4 billion to boost development and security across the region. and it's notjust money — last week, the us said it would send 1.5 million vaccines doses to guatemala and mexico. at the same time, one us aid study looking into programmes in guatemala found that from 2006 to 2011, incomes rose

less in places that got us funding compared to similar areas that received nothing. and the numbers heading north keep growing. in april, us border agents encountered nearly 180,000 migrants at the border, and that's a 20—year high. i want to emphasise that the goal of our work is to help guatemalans find hope at home. at the same time, i want to be clear to folks in this region who are thinking about making that dangerous trek to the united states—mexico border, do not come. kamala harris. well, her next stop is mexico city. will grant is there. i suggested that the vice president's tone had been quite blunt. it is pretty blind, and it's not a surprise, no. we had a

similar message from costa rico. the biden administration saying, look, don't come, because we will commit to try to meet conditions better here. the problem is that that has been said by subsequent covenant administrations in washington —— government, including the 0bama administration, for example. and none of those incentives or commitments have really made a great difference to the flow of migration north. and these particular funds migration north. and these particularfunds come migration north. and these particular funds come not necessarily with the caveat that certainly with the push to anti—corruption efforts and so on, which makes the relationship with the governments in question tough. she said also the only people who benefit are the individuals not to head to the us border, because they will not get in. but money is there for a

reason. the governments of guatemala and indeed mexico will find out no doubt in the course of her trip, they will be expected to do something to slow this down if not stop it? yeah, absolutely. and i think we know they have been pushing governments hard to employ their police and military to stop the flow of migrants from even leaving the borders of their own country. this is not outright humanitarian aid alone, this $4 billion package four years, alone, this $4 billion package fouryears, one alone, this $4 billion package four years, one of the things bolstered will be security forces. security forces would be expected to disarm and tackle the international drug organisations and criminal organisations and criminal organisations that run the drug routes north and the people trafficking routes north. but it would also be to stop, for example, the caravans of people we have seen trying to leave, who have been stopped from doing so with water cannon and tear gas and so on. you know, this is much more than simply

an old juristic measure by the biden administration. —— altruistic measure. a controversial new treatment for alzheimer's has been approved by regulators in the us. aducanumab targets the underlying cause of the disease rather than just easing symptoms. patient groups have campaigned for its approval, but it is a contentious decision. some experts and indeed the fda's independent advisory committee opposed its approval. 0ur medical editor, fergus walsh, reports. this is an historic moment in the battle against alzheimer's. for the first time, a drug has been approved which tackles not just the symptoms but the underlying cause of this devastating disease. aducanumab is not yet licensed in the uk and available only as part of a clinical trial — like here, at the national hospitalfor neurology, in central london.

aldo ceresa, who's 68, was diagnosed with alzheimer's ten years ago and had to stop working as a surgeon. he receives aducanumab every month, via infusion, and is certain it's helped him. i felt that i wasn't getting so mixed up. my cognitive tests were improving quite markedly. two years ago, aducanumab was written off as a failure and the trial aldo was taking part in was abandoned. but the manufacturers, biogen, analysed more data and concluded those on the highest doses had better cognition, memory and language. this is the brain of someone with early alzheimer's. the red areas show a build—up of amyloid, a protein which can form toxic deposits. this is the same individual after a year of aducanumab —

significant amounts of amyloid have been cleared. so, this drug was approved on the basis of this drop in amyloid that you're seeing here. the doctor who is leading the clinical trials of aducanumab in the uk is delighted. this is a pivotal moment for the alzheimer's research community. this will give hope to the people who haven't had any hope for a very long time. those patients and participants in my trials who are desperate to find something that helps. in recent years, over 100 promising alzheimer's drugs have flopped, so to now have a medicine that can potentially slow the disease is a huge moment and will encourage scientists to redouble their efforts and find even better treatments. aldo has been back on aducanumab for six months and says he's already beginning to feel the benefits. i've noticed that i'm getting less confused. although it's still there, it's not quite as bad. and i'm just feeling that

bit more confident now. aducanumab is suitable only for those with mild alzheimer's, when damage to brain function is still limited. it could take more than a year before uk regulators decide whether to approve the drug. if they do, demand here will be enormous. fergus walsh, bbc news. the us government says it has managed to recover $2.3 million worth of cryptocurrency which had been paid to hackers who shut down a major fuel pipeline last month. that was the colonial pipeline. it was hacked by a group called darkside, which the us justice department believes is based in russia. the cyberattack caused petrol shortages and price hikes across the eastern united states. i have been speaking to our north america correspondent, peter bowes, and put it to him that this was quite a breakthrough.

the usjustice department is characterising this as turning the tables on cyber hackers, managing — and a lot of it was going on behind—the—scenes. one month ago when all this was unfolding, turning the tables by retrieving, as you said, a few million dollars from the almost $4.5 million that they see as a major success and i think also holding it as an example to other companies around america, really quite a stern warning that if they find themselves in a similar position, the first thing they should do is alert the justice department, call the fbi, and they can work together to try to initially solve the problem. and this was a huge problem, as you said, for the eastern united states, this pipeline carries about 45% of all the aviation fuel, the diesel, the gas that americans use. it really crippled part

of the country for the good part of a week. initially retrieving ransom money if it is paid. with the new academic yearjust months away, universities are sifting through applications to offer places. last year, the us recorded a drop in student visa applications. well, this year the number has fallen even further. as sarah toms reports, the pandemic is partly to blame but many students also worry about rising violence against people of asian descent. singapore student dai xiang rong has always dreamed of studying in the usa. he worked hard and got a coveted place at yale university to take computer science and economics. but the 19—year—old has had second thoughts. for a lot of people, especially asians like myself and my friends, you've seen the recent news of anti—asian racism and attacks, especially in the us

and other countries. it's quite a deterrent to our dreams to pursue an international education and it might be because of the pandemic, but beyond that i think there was some sort of racism that was already ingrained in a lot of people's minds. foreign student enrolment at us universities has dropped 16% between the autumn of 2019 and 2020. the stats on new international students look even grimmer, with a 43% drop. health concerns are a major reason as the us has been hit hard by covid. but racism and violence against ethnic asians are also causing many applicants to pause. some people directly blame the anti—china rhetoric of former us president donald trump. kung flu...kung flu. (crowd cheering) attacks against asians in the us, including the murders of six women in atlanta, have sent shock

waves through asia. many asian students are still very willing to study abroad and in spite of the racism, so what they do is they tend to segregate, and they tend to segregate into the ethnic communities, so this will to some extent intensify the racism. to universities, foreign students like these ones here in singapore, bring in plenty of money by paying higher tuition fees. beyond money, they also bring diversity, fresh ideas, and connections for the future. many experts believe western countries risk losing their competitive edge if foreign students feel unwelcome. missing out on all of that will have repercussions for not only universities but entire economies. as for xiang rong, he is willing to take the risk to pursue his dream. sarah toms,

bbc news, singapore. well, do stay with us on bbc news. still to come injust a moment: 0ffice politics for you — why employees at apple are resisting plans to go back into the office to work. the day the british liberated the falklands. and by tonight, british troops had begun the task of disarming the enemy. in the heart of the west german capital, this was gorby—mania at its height. the crowd packed to see the man who, for them, has raised great hopes for an end to the division of europe. it happened as the queen moved towards horse guards parade for the start of trooping the colour. gunshots the queen looks worried

but recovers quickly. as long as they'll pay to go and see me, i'll get out. there and kick 'em down the hills. - what does it feel like to be the first man to cross the channel by your own power? it feels pretty neat. it feel marvellous, really. this is bbc news. the latest headlines: the us vice president — kamala harris — has warned guatemalans against coming to the united states — saying they would be turned back at the border. the first new treatment for alzheimer's for nearly 20 years has been approved by us regulators. when will you be ready to go back into the office — if at all? different companies are working out different arrangements. apple's ceo tim cook has said workers will need to return later in the year and come

in three times a week. in an all—staff memo last week, the apple boss made the case for going back, writing: "i know i'm not alone in missing the hum of activity, the energy, creativity and collaboration of our in—person meetings and the sense of community we've all built." but — some workers are pushing back as they way up the advantages and disadvantages of trekking back into work. what should happen? we can now speak to ellen pao is a tech investor and author on silicon valley. ellen was also the former ceo of social media company reddit. thank you very much forjoining us it is a big question, isn't it? covid is clearly, and in a short period of time, change no appreciation as to a truly what could be expected of us. i think people are experiencing a

different world where 97% of workers actually work remotely out of the office which is quite different from what we had before. i quite different from what we had before.— had before. i know you have done some _ had before. i know you have done some work— had before. i know you have done some work on - had before. i know you have done some work on this - had before. i know you have done some work on this and had before. i know you have l done some work on this and it seems like you have dealt, essentially, a bad news picture in terms of people's sense of comfort and confidence through this pandemic. but many people, they lead a much easier life, aren't they? it does not take two hours on the commute and then back again. it is there, it is in the back room. it has been a different _ it is in the back room. it has been a different experience | it is in the back room. it has i been a different experience for different people. some people have had more harassment and hostility, additional work pressure, additional anxiety and for other people, you know, there are some who want to spend more time with their families. they do not want to commute. for disabled people who have difficulty commuting or travelling it has been much better to be working from home full stop for somebody who is

looking for lower cost to be able to be out of the bay area where apple is headquartered it has been a boon to them. they pay lower rent and they do not have to deal with the commute all the cost of living.— all the cost of living. what do ou all the cost of living. what do you make _ all the cost of living. what do you make and _ all the cost of living. what do you make and of _ all the cost of living. what do you make and of the - all the cost of living. what do . you make and of the assessment of tim cook when he talks about a hum of the body and the energy, creativity. he has a point, doesn't he? when you get everyone together you have a completely different dynamic and he needs that. it is completely different dynamic and he needs that.— and he needs that. it is a mixed bag- _ and he needs that. it is a mixed bag. for— and he needs that. it is a mixed bag. for some - and he needs that. it is a - mixed bag. for some workers it is great and they thrive on energy and on the connection through live interaction. for other employees and workers, they do not thrive on that energy. it drains them. a lot of introverts prefer to not be in a large group for a long period of time. so you see a lot of companies that have been remote before the pandemic and where people are remote almost all the time and they gather

for those important collaborative sessions once or twice a year or maybe even quarterly but that is the exception and it is something that people travel to one place for and they are not expected to be in an office to have those interactions on a weekly or daily basis. we those interactions on a weekly or daily basis.— those interactions on a weekly or daily basis. we will see how it all pans _ or daily basis. we will see how it all pans out _ or daily basis. we will see how it all pans out on _ or daily basis. we will see how it all pans out on whether- it all pans out on whether there is ultimately a sort of model but it does look like it could many different workers will thank you forjoining us, ellen. let's return to another main story, the first new treatment for alzheimer's for the better part of 20 years. it is just been approved by us regulators and doctor richard holmes is the director of the national institute on ageing. he joins us now from the us. thank you forjoining us. 20 years is a long time to wait for some that will really give an awful lot of people hope. have a right to be hopeful, do you think? thank

ou for be hopeful, do you think? thank you forthis _ be hopeful, do you think? thank you for this chance _ be hopeful, do you think? thank you for this chance to _ be hopeful, do you think? thank you for this chance to speak- you for this chance to speak with you. there are so many people affected by alzheimer's and for me it was my grandmother who i watched di with alzheimer's with no treatment. there is no question that the announcement today is momentous. the impact of the some reason to hope that also stresses the need for more in the way of research to identify fully effective interventions. so the announcement was via a process called accelerated approval. of note, this approval. of note, this approval is based on the ability of the drug to clear from the brain some of the amyloid clerks and lesions detected by brain scans. it was not based on clinical requirements. it was coupled that phase for studies done to

directly look at the treatment, what impact the symptoms, the important things that matter to people with the disease and those caring for them and that the continuing approval would depend on the outcome of those studies. 50 depend on the outcome of those studies. ., ., ~' depend on the outcome of those studies. ., ., ~ , ., studies. so more work needs to be done while _ studies. so more work needs to be done while it _ studies. so more work needs to be done while it is _ studies. so more work needs to be done while it is being - be done while it is being rolled out. what is your sense as to its value? i don't know, let me ask you, is it safe enough to be administering this drug when perhaps people do not fully appreciate what it does or does not do? the fully appreciate what it does or does not do?— or does not do? the fda approval _ or does not do? the fda approval is _ or does not do? the fda approval is say _ or does not do? the fda approval is say yes - or does not do? the fda approval is say yes as i or does not do? the fda| approval is say yes as you or does not do? the fda - approval is say yes as you have undoubtedly seen and i have, experts in the field differ. it depends on a calculation of how likely it is that this finding about clearing amyloid from the brain is a real predictor of clinical disease. it is hopeful that the outcome is not known. hence the uncertainty for many in the areas of research as well as clinicians about the rise —— about the right benefit

of cost and benefit. but this is the first example of an intervention that targets the underlying causes and it is just the beginning. we are at a stage where we have never been more hopeful nor optimistic. studies going now are directed at multiple targets and over the years to come we will know much more. it the years to come we will know much more-— much more. it is about risk-benefit, _ much more. it is about risk-benefit, isn't - much more. it is about risk-benefit, isn't it? | much more. it is about i risk-benefit, isn't it? do risk—benefit, isn't it? do think the benefit outweighs the risk? . , . ., ., risk? that is the calculation behind the _ risk? that is the calculation behind the finding - risk? that is the calculation behind the finding from - risk? that is the calculation behind the finding from the j risk? that is the calculation - behind the finding from the fda but it is a calculation, an estimate as reflected in the fact that they are requiring further studies to determine that balance.— further studies to determine that balance. thank you very much indeed _ that balance. thank you very much indeed for _ that balance. thank you very much indeed forjoining - that balance. thank you very much indeed forjoining us. | the founder of amazon, jeff bezos, says he and his brother will travel into space next month on his rocket company's first sub—orbital sightseeing trip. a third seat on the spacecraft

is being auctioned off. 0ur science correspondent rebecca morelle reports. heading to the edge of space. this is the new shepard rocket. so far, it's only flown with mannequins. now it's ready for its first real passengers, and jeff bezos, who owns the spacecraft, has announced he will be on board, along with his brother. it changes your relationship with this planet, with humanity. it's one earth. i want to go on this flight because it's a thing i've wanted to do all my life. the rocket system will reach 100 kilometres above the earth, where passengers will experience about three minutes of weightlessness, and see the blackness of space and earth's curved horizon. in the future, anyone will be able to take a ride for around £150,000 a ticket. and it's not the only company to test if space tourism is commercially viable. sir richard branson�*s virgin galactic space plane is expected to carry paying customers by the end of the year.

mission control: spacex. separation confirmed. and seats on elon musk�*s spacex capsule cost millions to go into low earth orbit. for now, these trips are only for the super wealthy, but experts say prices should drop. for the young people today particularly, it will become a reality that they could save up some money and choose to go to space, not every day, but it could be something that you could choose to spend a chunk of your savings on, and experience a few minutes of weightlessness. landing gear deployed. the new shepard flight is due to take place injuly. the capsule carrying jeff bezos and his brother will descend back to earth with parachutes, marking the start of a new era in space tourism. rebecca morelle, bbc news. in china's sichuan province, the residents of a 200—year—old clifftop village are being moved into new homes — as part of an initiative to tackle poverty.

the village drew worldwide attention in 2016 after images emerged of residents climbing perilous rattan ladders up the cliffside to reach their homes. courtney bembridge has the details. the only way to reach this cliff top village is an 800 metre climb that takes two hours and a lot of courage. babies are carried the children in the village have had to make the trip every day to get to school to translation: lull; school to translation: my daughter's _ school to translation: ij�*i daughter's feet are school to translation: ii daughter's feet are small school to translation: ij'i1 daughter's feet are small and there is a gap between the ladder step. there is a gap between the ladderstep. so there is a gap between the ladder step. so she could easily lose herfooting. home easily lose her footing. now this family _ easily lose her footing. now this family has _ easily lose her footing. now this family has moved - easily lose her footing. now this family has moved to - easily lose her footing. now this family has moved to an urban housing estate at the bottom of the mountain along with dozens of other families from the village to translation: i from the village to translation: ., ., , translation: i have always wanted an — translation: i have always wanted an apartment - translation: i have always wanted an apartment and . translation: i have always i wanted an apartment and audi which has finally come true. my eldest daughter will start

first grade next semester. the school is so close. we're so happy to be to bring our children here.— happy to be to bring our children here. the relocation of these villages _ children here. the relocation of these villages is _ children here. the relocation of these villages is part - children here. the relocation of these villages is part of i children here. the relocation of these villages is part of a | of these villages is part of a wider campaign in china to lift 100 million people out of poverty. translation: fiur 100 million people out of poverty. translation: our focus last ear poverty. translation: our focus last year was _ poverty. translation: our focus last year was to — poverty. translation: our focus last year was to move _ poverty. translation: our focus last year was to move down i poverty. translation: our focus last year was to move down the i last year was to move down the impoverished household first. now we're going to move down all the remaining villages on the mountain.— all the remaining villages on the mountain. the houses left behind have _ the mountain. the houses left behind have been _ the mountain. the houses leftj behind have been transformed into homestays and tourists now make the climb. a big cultural change there, moving into those homes. let me remind you of our top story this hour, about the us vice president, kamala harris in what a mahler who —— where she has warned people against coming to the united states saying they would be turned back at the border. she also said it was important for

guatemala and mexico to tackle the corruption surrounding people trafficking. this is bbc world news. hello there. it's been a warm start to the new week. quite a bit of cloud around on monday, but i think certainly for today, it's looking sunnier across the board. it's going to stay warm for the rest of this week, and in fact, we're going to start to import some tropical air across the country, so it's going to feel quite humid. there will be further patchy cloud and rain across northern and western areas, as low pressure will always be nearby. and that's certainly the setup into tuesday, higher pressure to the south, lower pressure to the northwest, so it does mean we'll start off rather grey for much of scotland and northern ireland, through this morning, some patchy, light rain and drizzle. but conditions will start to improve for northern ireland — skies brightening up here and across northeast scotland. elsewhere, after a bit of early cloud and mist, there's going to be a sunny day, and it's going to feel warmer with more sunshine around. we could see 25 degrees across south east england, 22 or 23 for the

northeast of scotland. there could be just the odd shower here and there, but most places will be dry. now, as we head through tuesday night, we'll see further cloud returning to scotland and northern ireland. patchy rain here, some coastal fog, too. further south, and it's drier with clearer skies, and we'll start to see some humid air being imported from the southwest, so everywhere staying in low teens celsius. on wednesday, we'll have high pressure to the south, lower pressure to the northwest with these weather fronts, and the orientation of these pressures will draw up this warm and humid airfrom the tropics, so it really will be quite noticeable on wednesday. again, rather grey across parts of scotland and northern ireland, perhaps western england and wales. best of the sunshine further south and east. could see a little bit of light rain and drizzle over western hills, but it's going to feel warm, particularly when you factor in the humidity. could see highs of 26 degrees on wednesday in the sunshine. if you add the humidity to that, it's going to feel even warmer than the temperatures suggest. thursday's another warm and humid day. perhaps a bit more cloud across the board. patchy rain for northwestern parts of scotland and northern ireland.

bit more cloud for england and wales, but some sunny spells here and there. most places across england and wales should stay dry, but it'll be a bit breezier across the board. windier in the far northwest of scotland, where we'll have most of the rain. but you can see, it is another warm day. low to mid 20s celsius for england and wales. factor in the humidity, of course, it's going to feel warmer than that, and nights are also going to be warm and muggy. could see something a little bit fresher across scotland, northern ireland on friday. otherwise, it's going to remain warm with some sunshine into the weekend.

this is bbc news. the headlines: the us vice president, kamala harris, has warned guatemalans against coming to the united states, saying they would be turned back at the border. speaking during a visit to guatemala, she said the trip north was extremely dangerous and would mainly benefit people smugglers. the first new treatment for alzheimer's for nearly 20 years has been approved by regulators in the united states. aducanumab targets the underlying cause of alzheimer's. the drug given as a monthly infusion targets amyloid, a protein that builds up in the brains of alzheimer's patients. the us government says it's managed to recover more than $2 million worth of cryptocurrency which had been paid to hackers who shut down a major fuel pipeline last month. the colonial pipeline was hacked by a group called darkside, which the us justice department believes is based in russia.