hello, i'm philippa thomas, this is outside source. global leaders pledge four billion dollars to send children to school in poor countries. borisjohnson told the summit in london of the importance of education. this is the silver bullet. this is the magic potion, this is the panacea that's going to solve virtually every problem that afflicts humanity. charities however say the sum raised is "underwhelming" and a "disappointment" — we'll ask one of them why. also in the programme: the us moves to force more people to take up a covid vaccine. president biden is due to say all federal employees will have to be vaccinated —

or undergo regular testing — if they want to go to work. and, an urgent warning on the climate — greenhouse gas levels are already too high for humanity to have "a manageable future". we've put too much greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. we all need to collaborate to find means of removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and in particular, we need to welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe a summit in london has raised around 4 billion dollars in pledges for education in the developing world. the need to provide for the millions of children who don't receive a basic education has greatly increased since covid—19 struck. the sumit had sought to raise 5 billion dollars — and charities have described the result at "underwhelming". this was kenya's president

uhuru kenyatta arriving to bump elbows with the uk prime minister borisjohnson. the money is being raised for the global partnership for education, the charity chaired by the former australian prime ministerjulia gillard. borisjohnson spoke at the summit — he was in no doubt about the importance of getting more children into school. this is the silver bullet. this is the magic potion. this is the panacea. this is the universal or. this is the swiss army knife complete with everything. it can solve virtually every problem that afflicts humanity. and i am absolutely serious. if you educate the world, then of course, you get the world, then of course, you get the world, then of course, you get the world properly, educate the world fairly and then of course, you end a great injustice. the former australian prime minster julia gillard chairs the global partnership

for education, she spoke earlier to the bbc when the world came into the pandemic, we had to make sure every boy and girl could get educated and the 250 million children of school age were not going to school. we've been concerned that covid—i9 to push us backwards, with schools closed, education hours lost and unfortunately the evidence from earlier health crisis like ebola is that when schools close, the most marginalised children do not return. it is vital that people get together today to globalise attention and resources on making sure we keep going forward rather than getting pushed back. let's hear from james landale at the summit. even before covid—i9 struck there are many people out of school that should've been. but lockdown has been schools of been closed because

of the economic crisis following the pandemic. school budgets have been squeezed and governments around the world and a lot of those children are staying out of school. they're not going back and as result of that poverty is increasing rates of child marriage, teenage pregnancies in all of the downsides of an absence of education. all of those negative impacts are being seen around the world. the summit, which is a regular summit that happens every three to five years to raise money for a big global education fund, has an added urgency to get as much money into the system as possible. notjust in terms of donors from the outside, but also in developing countries getting commitments to unlock a decent number of their domestic portions to get to education and invest in the future. in the run up to the summit the uk government had been criticised for encouraging other countries to increase their contributions, only weeks after its mps voted in parliament to cut the uk's own aid budget. the independent newspaper quotes lis wallace from the development

charity the one campaign saying: as the summit closed, the one campaign said the amount of money raised was "underwhelming" — falling short of that five billion dollar goal. and another charity, save the children, said it was "disappointing". let's hear more from james landale they're not going to raise 5 billion, it's going to be around the 4 billion. if you talk to the organisers, this is a five period the pledges come over that period. different countries have different budget timescales. and it's a reflection of economies dealing with health and things like that and they also say the uk governments decision to cut its own budget has flattened the appetite of other countries and my should we increase in spending on

education with the uk is cutting theirs. and there's the political debate there and $4 billion over five years, they hope will make a real change in getting millions of children back in the school. edwin ikhuoria is the africa executive directorfor the one — a global charity that aims to end poverty. the passion should be backed by the action. that is the point. the point is that he could've done a lot more if the uk stepped up and really let the charge and put our money where its mouth is. we are doing much but we could send example. but it's not significantly more than what it's been before, especially because the pandemic. it's more rhetoric again. not enough to express passion, but

to back the action passion with action. and because this is the summit _ passion with action. and because this is the summit hosted - passion with action. and because this is the summit hosted here . passion with action. and becausei this is the summit hosted here in london? , , , london? yes, 'ust set the pace, you set the tone. — london? yes, just set the pace, you set the tone. you _ london? yes, just set the pace, you set the tone. you indicated - london? yes, just set the pace, you set the tone. you indicated by - london? yes, just set the pace, you set the tone. you indicated by the l set the tone. you indicated by the way you express your support for this, it will also categorise action from other countries because just like the report before now. if the uk doesn't see you know that it is serious about making its front and centre and given its political priority as global britain as we call it, this would influence others the way we would expect them to act. the calls for $5 billion. that should've been the mantra and driving that and making sure that they stepped up and got all of us to step up to reach that amount. it is the first time they're getting this amount and asking for this kind of numbers for education. we really expected a lot more from the uk

government here. q expected a lot more from the uk government here.— government here. 4 billion has been ledued, government here. 4 billion has been pledged. with _ government here. 4 billion has been pledged. with give — government here. 4 billion has been pledged, with give viewers _ government here. 4 billion has been pledged, with give viewers an - government here. 4 billion has been pledged, with give viewers an idea i pledged, with give viewers an idea of how that money might make a difference to education and parts of africa? it difference to education and parts of africa? , , u, ., africa? it will be significant. that is not to say _ africa? it will be significant. that is not to say that, _ africa? it will be significant. that is not to say that, we _ africa? it will be significant. that is not to say that, we called - africa? it will be significant. that is not to say that, we called it. africa? it will be significant. that is not to say that, we called it 5 i is not to say that, we called it 5 billion before billion has been raised and that is specific time to make significant resources. relative to the problem, the challenges, that is like a drop in the bucket. but a global partnership is good for even developing countries, to mobilise domestic financials for education and that is where the call has been as much as we are trying to collect and to donors to put in $5 billion. we also have to see developing countries step up in educational budgets and that is why we are hoping this will categorise this. and we have seen a significant number of people return to school in significant numbers of teachers

trained and is being paid attention to the crisis and this is where who should already be from learning to read and reading to learn, if we see that level of, the quality of learning that we are seeing in schools has been down globally, so we're hoping that with 4 billion, a really categorise some real changes in teachers training and having a bit of textbooks and classrooms to get more people, especially the girls because of the pandemic, many of them may not be able to continue on to the pregnancy, those changes that could really help drive them back to school, those of the kinds of things that this would really drive. ., ~' ,, of things that this would really drive. . ,, i. . of things that this would really drive. . ,, . ., ., drive. thank you so much for “oining us. thank drive. thank you so much for “oining ihankyou — drive. thank you so much for “oining us. thank you for i drive. thank you so much for “oining us. thank you for having h drive. thank you so much for “oining us. thank you for having me. _ let's turn now to covid vaccines in the us. president biden is expected to announce that all federal workers

will have to be vaccinated. this comes amid rising case numbers and stagnating vaccination rates. there's been a 46% increase in cases from last week. the highly transmissable delta variant now accounts for 83% of us covid cases. overall, 48% of the us population are fully vaccinated, but there has been a 35% decrease in week—on—week vaccination rates. here's barbara plett usher in washington on the government's position. if you don't get vaccinated, you have to submit to regular covid—i9 testing and other covid—i9 protocol restrictions. so, it's not as if they are saying you will be fired if you don't get vaccinated, but it will cost you in some way. and this is part of a plan to try to get government workers back to the office safely. it's also to try and be an example to other employers in the country about how to go about this in terms of vaccination and the rise in covid—i9 cases. but it's also basically

an acknowledgement that president biden�*s drive for vaccination has not met its goals. as you were saying, cases are on the rise because of the delta variant, and they are primarily amongst those who are on vaccinated, and as a significant portion of the country, 30% of adults are resistant, they're sceptical. president biden has done what he could. he has urged people, he has used the bully pulpit, he has made access to vaccines easier, but there's a limit to what he can do to force action. in this case, he can, with federal workers, he has that authority. so that is what he is going to do and it is the nation's largest employer, the government, so he is hoping that it will make a difference. let's look at america's private sector, too, as some key corporations are now introducing their own rulings on covid jabs. netflix will require vaccinations for so—called "zone a" cast and crew on sets. google will require vaccination for those returning to us offices this autumn. as will facebook who said in a statement...

amazon has stopped short of a vaccine mandate in its buildings. working with carrot rather than stick, it's offering an $80 bonus to vaccinated frontline workers. let's look into the impact such rulings could have. here's the analysis of one public health professor. it puts a tremendous burden on private companies to do this. frankly, i think it's the responsibility of public health to make sure that things happen. but there are political reasons why the government is only pushing so far. it's put the burden on private companies, private companies have to make the decision whether they'll mandate vaccination — or if they won't mandate it, though allow people to come into work not vaccinated, but insist on verification. but the private companies are the ones who would have to do the verification because the government has hasn't stepped in to do that.

so i think there is a role for government here that has not been filled adequately. let's take a look at some of the reaction to vaccine mandates. public support for mandatory staff jabs seems to depend on the type of worker you're talking about. we'll start with healthcare. 66% of americans think that healthcare workers should have a vaccine mandate, and many industry bodies agree. this statement, signed by more than 60 medical associations, calls for mandatory vaccines for all health workers. as of may, around 83% of nurses were vaccinated, which is higher than the average population. but there has been some resistance. for example, at one hospital network in texas, where more than 150 staff left their posts after refusing to be vaccinated. and let's turn now to education. there has been some backlash in the uk against proposals to make vaccines necessary to attend lectures. the university and college union here called it "wrong and hugely discriminatory". but in the us, more than 400 universities and colleges

will require students to have their covid vaccinations when they start the new term. and it's worth remembering that vaccine mandates are not a new concept. for example, 68% of colleges in the states already require vaccination against measles. indeed, all 50 states have laws requiring specific vaccines for students, though they do allow for medical exemptions. however, covid vaccines are a legal grey area as they are still under emergency approval for use, and it is for this reason that fewer than half of those higher education facilities have mandates for staff. and seven states have actually banned any vaccine mandates for schools. and as we heard a little earlier, some large companies in the us have mandated vaccines for their employees. here's peter bowes on what the reaction has been to that. but as far as employees at these major companies are concerned, | i think it still comes down largely to personal opinions. _ ias far as their reaction will bel

i think people will have to make difficult decisions. but whilst these larger companies gain public attention for their mandates, a survey from may found 72% of companies in the us were not planning on requiring vaccination before entering the workplace, and public opinion is evenly split on whether or not vaccine mandates should be introduced by private companie. by private companies. robert blendon is a professor of health politics at harvard. here he is on whether the mandate will be welcomed across the country. so, the country is divided. in democratic areas, and many of the companies you cite are in very democratic areas, people, the democrats have a different view than more republican, conservative areas. and they're willing to have mandates of a type. so, we're talking about 40—point difference is here. so, when somebody cites a company in san francisco,

there's no surprise, but if that company was in dallas, i would be amazed. so, the splits have to do with geography, politics and conservatism. also for british audiences, it's important to understand that the biggest decisions on this issue in the united states are made at the state level. and so, when we talk about italy and britain, president biden does not have the same authority or reach as that. it's what the states do. and what you have to understand is that there are about a dozen states in the united states where a substantial share of the population are resistant to taking a vaccine. and the aother group of states, absolutely everyone wants to take it, they are taking it. so, what business does in those 12 states will be different than what business does particularly on the east or west coast. stay with us on outside source, still to come...

board that the olympics. the 19—year—old stepped up after some biles withdrew from the event. now to scotland. these pictures show basking sharks making fin—to—fin contact with eather other as part of their courtship with each other as part of their courtship and relationships. it's the first time this has been observed. scientists in scotland made the discovery after attaching cameras to a group of sharks. here's one of the researchers. we nearly fell off our chairs we saw the footage. basking sharks, the second largest shark in the world were incredibly lucky to have them here in our british waters and for any of your viewers, they are not dangerous. they have small tiny teeth and are not interested in eating people. one reason why they might be serious for breeding and no

one really knows anything about shark breeding. about a basking shark breeding. about a basking shark breeding. about a basking shark breeding. and in order to find out more, we find out these fantastic cameras. these are one of the cameras that one of the journey on that shark and we put those cameras on the sharks and route we recorded forwards and backwards for a number of days and then we automatically release. this is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. our lead story is — world leaders meeting in london have $4 billion towards a global education fund and charity save the amount is underwhelming. we're going to look at two climate change reports. in a moment, we'll look at how extreme weather is impacting the uk. first, a report by some of the world's top climate experts has found the warming of the arctic is contributing to global records being broken for heat and rainfall. the group was founded by sir david king. this is his warning. this is a global emergency requiring

all governments to club together and act accordingly. we are pushing the three rs. reduce emissions as deeply and rapidly as possible, emissions of greenhouse gases. the fossil fuel era is over. let's move on to cleaner energy production, for example. the secondly, we put too much greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. we all need to collaborate to find means of removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and in particular we need to remove at scale. the report connects several recent weather disasters in europe and the us with the arctic, where temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. recent flooding in western germany is one example. the intensity of rain and scale of destruction was shocking. over 170 died. tens of thousands of homes were destroyed. here's another example. wildfires in siberia

driven by a heatwave. the report believes these are "all outlier events that exceed what one would expect if it were �*only�* the impact of warming by 1.2 degrees celsius". that's the amount the earth has already warmed since pre—industrial times. it adds this dramatic sentence. here's sir david king again. so what else do we need to do? we have to buy time. and so what we are looking at is how do we keep ice covering the arctic sea during the polar. if we can achieve that, we buy time to allow us to get these other possibilities going. so it's reduce, remove and repair the damage that is being caused by the arctic circle region. next we turn to the uk, where another report released by the uk met office concludes britain is already undergoing disruptive climate

change, with increased rainfall, sunshine and temperatures in 2020. here's science correspondent rebecca morelle. the changes we are seeing are dramatic. this week's storms leading to flash flooding in the south of england. in ilford in essex rainwater peered into the women's garden and garage, these extremes are the focus of a new report that assessed that uk's climate in 2020, from the hottest they recorded in heathrow in london where temperatures reach 37.8 degrees, to the coldest in braemar in aberdeenshire that hit a low of minus 10.3 degrees to reign in october with the wettest day of minus 10.3 degrees to rain in october with the wettest day on record and wind on the isle of wight with gusts reaching over 100 mph. the report says the uk is getting warmer, wetter and sunnier. we can see very clearly from observations that the gatekeepers that climate is already changing so climate change is notjust something that is going to happen in 2015 or we need to worry about at the end of the century. we are seeing this

in our observations now. the report compared to most recent three decades with the 30 years before and it shows the good care is warming. before and it shows the uk is warming. the darker the red the bigger the temperature increase and every is hotter by an average 0.9 degrees but east anglia and the east midlands have warmed by more than 1 degrees. in this map shows the changes in average rainfall. dark blue means more rain and the uk is an average of 6% wetter, but across much of scotland the increase is more than 10%. it is putting immense strain on the uk's infrastructure. extreme heat halting trains as tracks buckle. come rain or shine, the world will be heading to glasgow later this year for the united nations climate summit and we will find out if governments can't rise to the challenge of cutting emissions to stop the worst effects of climate change.

now let's turn to the tokyo olympics, and on day six, all eyes were on the women's gymnastics individual all—around final after the reigning champion simone biles pulled out of the event due to mental health pressures. as team usa won the title at each of the last four olympics, the pressure on their remaining competitors to bring home the gold was massive. but 18—year—old sunisa lee rose to the challenge, coming from behind to win the gold medal on the last apparatus of the day with a brilliant floor routine. the win means the us keeps their streak alive, now with five straight gold medals in the event. well, her family and friends were watching the tense finish from back home in oakdale, minnesota, and this was the moment they realised suni had won the gold. as well as being a big moment for sunisa and herfamily, it was also a historic moment for america's hmong community, with lee becoming the first ever

athlete from this immigrant community to win an olympic gold medal. for more on her background and the significance of today's win, here's cindy boren, sport reporter with the washington post. she is an 18—year—old from minnesota. she is a member, she is one of the first members of the mung she is a member, she is one of the first members of the hmong community, which is a group of people from southeast asia who were protected by the cia. they cooperated but the cia and helped the united states during the vietnam war. and she was born here. her parents are middle—class workers. strong workers. her father has been in a wheelchair since falling off a ladder and breaking his back. she thought about quitting gymnastics after her father was injured, but she stuck with it and it's going

to help her family enormously to have won this medal. simone biles is not confirmed whether or not she will compete in any of the individual finals next week but on thursday, she was there in the stands. she week but on thursday, she was there in the stande— in the stands. she and her team-mates _ in the stands. she and her team-mates were - in the stands. she and herj team-mates were masked in the stands. she and her - team-mates were masked up, the team—mates were masked up, the voices you could hear echoing in the empty stadium belong to simone biles. she has been very outspoken about being supportive at the time now were so many gymnasts needed and she never really felt that she guided herself until now. she has felt the outpouring of support since her decision to drop out. we felt the outpouring of support since her decision to drop out.— her decision to drop out. we will continue to _ her decision to drop out. we will continue to bring _ her decision to drop out. we will continue to bring you _ her decision to drop out. we will continue to bring you all - her decision to drop out. we will continue to bring you all the - her decision to drop out. we will. continue to bring you all the news from tokyo. the events, the metals, the tallies and the individual dramas and what it means for those

around the athletes and for their families and friends watching at home. you will find a lot more on outside source. the rest of the programme. hello. a stormy evening and night is ahead for the southwest of england, whilst only thunderstorms further north in the uk will tend to fizzle out in the next few hours. but we have had some around again today. but this is a named storm we're talking about in the southwest approaches. that's unusual at this time of year. of particular concern, though, sleeping out under canvas 01’ in a caravan. it's this rapidly deepening area of low pressure bringing that stormy weather. notjust winds, but some more soaking rains as well, and those will affect many parts, actually, of england and wales as we through the evening and overnight, as you can see. we could have 15—20 mm of rain as that weather front moves through. the winds escalating in southwest approaches first of all, could see gusts in excess of 60 mph,

as i say, enough to bring down potentially trees and power lines, it could cause some disruption. by morning, you can see that that rain is affecting many parts of england and wales, whilst the showers have eased in the north, it becomes a little drier. certainly not a cold night for anywhere, and it does look as if we will start with some drier weather in the north, just rather cloudy and cool across northern scotland. one or two showers here pepping up again and for northern ireland, but around our area of low pressure, our storm across southern areas will see heavier showers breaking out with thunder and lightning. again, some strong winds, even gale force winds around coastal areas in southern and eastern parts as well. not as lively, we think, as those further west to start the day, but unusually strong for this time of year, and the winds should ease down a little bit in the southwest as we get into the afternoon. but the feel of the day will be tempered somewhat compared with today because we've got more cloud around, and those heavy downpours. now, those are all tied in, as i say, with that storm system which moves away for saturday. and then we open up to this northerly wind bringing showers southwards.

so northerly wind will make it feel cooler, and temperatures actually will be below average across the northern half of the country in particular. and still with those weather fronts close by for a the north sea coast, the risk of some cloudy periods with some patchy rain. and still in southern areas, there's the energy there for some heavier showers to break out, so it's not as unsettled, but it's still not dry. and as a say in the north, it will feel quite cool. similar outlook for sunday, really. by the beginning of the week, things may start to calm down a bit more. more detail on that amber warning online.

this is bbc world news. the headlines — a global education summit in london has raised four billion dollars for education in poor countries. but charities say the amount is less than was hoped for, calling it "undewhelming". a public inquiry into the murder of a maltese investigative journalist, daphne caruana galizia, has found that the state bore responsibility for her death. the report said the government had failed to recognise risks to her life and take reasonable steps to avoid them. covid cases injapan surge as local media report infections across the country have exceeded 10,000 cases for the first time and top medical advisers urge the government to issue stronger warnings about the virus. the usa's sunisa lee has won the women's all—around gold medal. it's the fifth time in row that a us gymnast has won the event. on wednesday, us gymnast and four—time olympic gold medallist simone biles pulled out of the competition citing her mental health.

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