hello, i'm kasia madera, this is outside source. the world's biggest ever report on climate change has set out the stark reality of the state of the planet. it is indisputable that human activities are causing climate change and making extreme weather events more frequent and severe. the landmark study warns of more extreme heatwaves, droughts and flooding, but says a catastrophe can be avoided, if the world acts fast. if we reach net zero emissions and stabilise temperatures and stop them from continuing to rise, then we will stop things getting worse

for changes in extreme weather but there is no going back. scientists are describing it as a �*wake up call�* for world leaders, who'll be heading to a key climate summit in glasgow in november. also in the programme, we'll be looking at wildfires in greece. firefighters have been brought in across europe to put out the blazes on evia island, amid apocolyptic scenes. and we'll bring you the incredible story of a tiny baby, who weighed the same as an apple when she was born. well she's finally home after 13 months in hospital. human activity is changing the climate in unprecedented and sometimes irreversible ways, according to a landmark united nations report on climate change which was released today. the ipcc report is the most up—to—date assessment of how global

warming will change the world in the coming decades. the head of the un, antonio guterres, says the report should act as a code red for humanity. so let's look at some of the report's key points: his graph shows the world has been getting warmer. the global surface temperature was 1.09 degrees higher in the last decade than between 1850—1900. the past five years were the hottest on record since 1850. and here you can see the influence that human activity has had on that increase. the green area at the bottom is a prediction of the little change without human influence. the report also linked the extreme weather around the world to climate change. it's virtually certain that hot extremes including heatwaves have become more frequent and more intense since the 19505, while cold events have become less frequent and less severe.

and it warned that many of the changes that have already occurred are irreversible. inger andersen is the executive director of the united nations environment programme. you have been telling us for over three decades of the dangers of allowing the planet to warm. the world listened but did not hear. the world listened but it did not act strongly enough and as a result climate change is a problem that is here now. nobody is safe and it's getting worse faster. we must treat climate change as an immediate threat just as we must treat the connected crisis of nature and biodiversity loss and pollution and waste as immediate threats. the report also has dire predictions for the future. it warns that the global average temperature will reach, or exceed, 1.5 degrees celsius

in the next 20 years. that's ten years sooner than expected. the arctic is likely to be practically ice free at least once before 2050. there will be likely increases in fire weather in many regions. and even with a warming of 1.5 degrees, there will be an increase of �*unprecedented' extreme weather events. so, let's look closer at the 1.5 degree target. chris morris explains why it's so important. it's important to stress that when we talk about 1.5 degrees of warming we are talking about the increase in the average temperature across the whole planet. it does not sound like a lot but some places have already seen much bigger increases them back. as the earth warms up and extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. climate scientists were alarmed by how extreme some of them have been.

such as the soaring temperatures in north america's heat dome injune and july this year smashing previous records. the comparison to preindustrial levels a couple of hundred years ago is also important because nearly all man—made global warming has been caused by our use of fossil fuels, coal, oil, gas which have powered the industrial age. the transition to renewable energy is well under way. but it's going to be hard to meet the 1.5 degrees target. some experts think it may already be too late to do so. the increase in global temperatures has now reached about 1.1 or 1.2 degrees above preindustrial levels. so if current trends continue, it's likely to pass 1.5 degrees sometime in the 2030s and possibly even sooner and we would be heading for at least three degrees of warming by the end of the century with catastrophic consequences. so even if the rising temperatures are stopped, a lot of damage has already been done. here's professor ed hawkins, one of the report authors.

every little bit of global warming makes the consequences worse so if we reach net zero emissions and stabilise global temperatures and stop them from continuing to rise, and we will stop things getting worse for changes in extreme weather but there is no going back. and the other exception to this is that sea level rising will continue for centuries or even thousands of years even if we manage to stabilise global temperatures and so there are very long—term consequences from our actions that we've already taken and actions we will take in the future. the big ice sheets will continue to melt even if we managed to stabilise global temperatures and for the first time this report focuses on a worst case outcome for the antarctic ice sheet. there is a risk unlikely but plausible that the antarctic ice sheets can melt very rapidly and that would mean up to two metres of sea—level

rise a century or so. now let's take a closer look at the rise in sea levels. this graph shows you the predictions of the different possibilities of sea rise, the green one you see there is the rise in sea levels with sustainable living. and the red dashed line is the worst possible outcome. this will have a huge impact on low lying countries and small islands, diann black—layne is the lead climate negotiator, of the alliance of small island states. for sea level rise is the greatest threat to this country so they will not exist as a country and the life that these people are accustomed together a population of the pacific island people may not be that great but where are they going to go? there is no conversation about this because for the past 30

years they have been denying that climate change is occurring all along. so in the pacific island they will lose their country and there is no plan for rehoming them. where will they go? in the caribbean it's different but we will lose a significant portion of our coastline as well and our beaches world famous and everyone wants to visit the caribbean and the on the beach and of course we have to hurricanes. 2017 saw the strongest hurricanes ever in the history of the atlantic and everybody thought this was going to be an anomaly and we saw the same in 2019 and the same again in 2020 and how can we attract investment to our own country and investment in our own homes when it will be destroyed every other year or every five years by a category five hurricane. transforming economies and ways of life to prevent the rising temperatures will cost money. in 2009, wealthy

governments agreed to increase climate finance for vulnerable countries to $100 billion annually by 2020. under the paris agreement they said they'd negotiate a yet—higher amount that would kick in from 2025. but the funding is severely lagging behind what was promised. here's patricia espinosa the executive secretary of the united nations framework convention on climate change. the main issue that little differently than we are able to have a successful outcome in glasgow or not. finance is at the centre of each and every part of that climate change regime. developed countries as you rightly say have pledged over ten years ago that they would mobilise 100 million for climate action in developing countries.

that has not become a reality. this is a point that i keep on stressing. this is also not only an issue about their resources but it is also an issue that is indispensable in orderto build trust among the parties. but beyond the hundred billion because we know that the transformation that needs to take place will not cost 100 billion. and you refer to the covid—19 recovery packages. it is absolutely necessary that all of those recovery packages are also aligned to the partison agreement and aligned to the 1.5 degrees goal. if that's money is not spent in a way that supports this sustainable path we are going to be very likely missing the possibility of keeping the 1.5

degree goal alive. the paris agreement was signed in 2015 in paris at cop 23, and at the time it was historic. it legally binded 190 countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emmissions and stop the global temperature increase. well now the leaders of those countries will meet again in glasgow later this year to update on their progress. christiana figueres was one of the architects of the paris agreements. here she tells my colleague yalda hakim what needs to happen in glasgow. it is so important because in the paris agreement is is established that every five years countries will come together and will be public about their increased ambition on reductions of emissions. this is the five year plus one year of covid—19 but this is the five—year point at which all countries must come together and it will happen

every five years from now on but with this report it is very clear that the efforts cannot be just marginal improvement, it has to be radical improvement. so the outlook from the report is bleak but it does say that with a dramatic cut in carbon emmissions it may be possible to halt the rising temperatures. here's one climate professor's view. i am worried but i'm optimistic at the same time. there is urgency and we can see that into weather events and unprecedented weather events playing out right now. but there is agency. there is still time to prevent the worst from happening. if we act dramatically now. let us digest some of what we have been hearing with chief scientist at the may conservancy, a global environmental organisation. we have been hearing messages from this un report seeing how human activity is

changing the climate mds unprecedented and sometimes irreversible ways. it's just overwhelming. if there is one message you want us to really understand, what would that be? it would be that our future is in our hands. as the ipcc report that came out in 2018 said, every trace matters. every year matters. every time matters. some impacts are inevitable because they're already here. some are inevitable because of our past emissions but the future is not written in stone and what happens is up to us. truth? not written in stone and what happens is up to us. why when we heard the un _ happens is up to us. why when we heard the un environmental- happens is up to us. why when we - heard the un environmental programme director saying that we are listening but we are just not hearing about what we need to be doing, why is that? i know you have got a book coming out in september focusing specifically on these kinds of communication issues because this message is so huge. my

of communication issues because this message is so huge-— message is so huge. my book is called saving — message is so huge. my book is called saving us _ message is so huge. my book is called saving us because - message is so huge. my book is called saving us because it's - message is so huge. my book isj called saving us because it's not about saving the planet, the planets will still be orbiting the sun long after we're gone, it's about our civilisation, ourselves, our children, that is what is at stake. the biggest problem we had is we still see climate change as a distinct issue. we still see it as happening to people who live far away or in the future. as mentoring to people who might be green or hug trees. but the reality is climate change is already right here, it's already right now, it is affecting every single one of us in ways that matter. whether we are a sports fan, whether we faced, whether we are our parents, would have enough food or beaches, howeverwe parents, would have enough food or beaches, however we are, parents, would have enough food or beaches, howeverwe are, climate change is already affecting something we already care about. it is not a matter of moving climate change further up our list, the only reason we care about climate change is the part that affects everything already on our race today. you have

been speaking _ already on our race today. you have been speaking to — already on our race today. you have been speaking to friends, _ already on our race today. you have been speaking to friends, a - already on our race today. you have been speaking to friends, a group i already on our race today. you have| been speaking to friends, a group of scientists as you described and i'm erasing how one of the mothers was taking her kids out is a bit earlier than normal and waking them up early in the morning so they can pay because it's too hot during the day. these are the kind of message is that to resonate and yet, how in day—to—day life, stop and think about how to react to that in terms of what we do on a day—to—day basis? 0ne of what we do on a day—to—day basis? one of the most important things any of us can do as individuals is to talk about it. because, it turns out that we do not. and i don't mean talk about the latest saints, i've been talking about how it affects us, how we feel about it, and what is happening. how we can work together in our places of work, in cities and schools and communities and places of worship to help fix this. talking about it is so important because it connects us with others who feel the same, it helped us get engaged and take

action, and using other places to advocate for change is really how we change the world and it's the only way it ever has.— way it ever has. thank you for talkin: way it ever has. thank you for talking to _ way it ever has. thank you for talking to us _ way it ever has. thank you for talking to us about _ way it ever has. thank you for talking to us about it. - way it ever has. thank you for talking to us about it. i - way it ever has. thank you for talking to us about it. i knowl way it ever has. thank you for - talking to us about it. i know your book talks about this specifically this particular issue. thank you so much and we definitely are listening now. as we have been hearing, the effects of climate change already being felt around the world. after its most severe heat wave in 30 years, greece is continuing to battle raging wildfires on the country plus per second are just island. from there, our europe has this report. fires raged on. it has been a week and they are still not under control here. greece is experiencing its

worst heat wave in decades. the searing temperatures and scorching rain mean these forests are like the tinderbox. the flames leave behind a ghost landscape. white with ash. the fire swept through these hills killing the trees and this is what has been left behind. wreckage and destruction. the ashes are still smoldering. the ground beneath my feet is hot from the blaze. this man has come to check up on his family's farm. it belongs to his son—in—law who is off fighting the fires. their flock of 2000 sheep and goats used to graze on the hillside. now all is lost in this disaster. he says he has never experienced a fire like this before. has never experienced a fire like this before-— has never experienced a fire like this before. . . ., , this before. climate change in my oinion is this before. climate change in my opinion is hurting _ this before. climate change in my opinion is hurting the _ this before. climate change in my opinion is hurting the entire -

this before. climate change in my| opinion is hurting the entire planet and especially this forests which are flammable. the authorities certainly have not handled this very well but the fire was our destiny. no one could have put it out. dozens of wildfires have _ no one could have put it out. dozens of wildfires have broken _ no one could have put it out. dozens of wildfires have broken out - no one could have put it out. dozens of wildfires have broken out across . of wildfires have broken out across greece in recent days. that prime minister is as climate change is to blame. we minister is as climate change is to blame. ~ ., ., minister is as climate change is to blame. ~ . ., ., ., minister is as climate change is to blame. . ., ., ., ., blame. we have an obligation to shield the country _ blame. we have an obligation to shield the country from - blame. we have an obligation to shield the country from climate l shield the country from climate change — shield the country from climate change i— shield the country from climate change. i am shield the country from climate change. lam not shield the country from climate change. i am not looking for excuses. _ change. i am not looking for excuses, we have made important strides_ excuses, we have made important strides in— excuses, we have made important strides in organising the country but that— strides in organising the country but that is— strides in organising the country but that is not enough when faced with a _ but that is not enough when faced with a phenomenon of such magnitude. in with a phenomenon of such magnitude. in some _ with a phenomenon of such magnitude. in some areas, the fire on the stopped when they reached the sea. many locals say they have been abandoned. they say the authorities have not done enough to protect the forest and their homes. and the temperature is rising, theirfairies of more wildfires bright base in the years to come.

lets turn to afghanistan, where the taliban is continuing to seize ground ahead of the foreign troop withdrawal. the militant group has taken six provincial capitals in just three days. the most recent city to fall is aibak, the capital of saman—gan province. this video from the taliban shows its fighters next to the city gates, though we can't verify when this was taken. a local politician has told the bbc afghan security forces had retreated without a fight after community elders pleaded with them to spare the city from more violence. as the taliban advance, us and afghan military planes have been carrying out airstrikes. this video, which was posted on facebook, is said to show aerial attacks on fields in kandahar province. again we can't verify when this was taken. afghan officials are claiming to have killed dozens of militants. here's a spokesperson

for the interior ministry. "enemy attacks continue in cities of kunduz, sheberghan, samangan, and sar—e—pul. still, fortunately, the afghan security and defense forces are resisting them, and we have made progress in kunduz and other cities, and the enemy has suffered heavy casualties. due to the pressure on the enemy, they have focused on the cities of mazar and pol—e—khomri, but fortunately, we have strong security lines there, and there is resistance against the enemy, and so far, the enemy has suffered the taliban, emboldened by the withdrawal of us troops, have taken more territory in afghanistan in the past two months than at any time since they were ousted from power in 2001. the areas in red are under taliban control, while the blue are areas held by the afghan government. taliban militants have taken large rural areas, key towns and six regional capitals have fallen since friday.

kunduz is the biggest prize — 270,000 people live there many of them fled as the city's market went up in flames on sunday when militants took the strategic city. kunduz was one of three northern cities which fell to taliban control within hours of each other. this was sar—e—pol — another city which fell to militants. these pictures show taliban fighters inspecting newly captured government buildings on sunday. meanwhile, the taliban is pressing ahead with its offensive. a taliban spokesman told the bbc they're fighting government troops near cities in balkh and baghlan provinces. 27 children have died and 130 were entered into fighting in the past

three days. the chief of field operations for unicef in afghanistan and kandahar province and he told the bbc about what he has been seeing. it the bbc about what he has been seeina. , , ., ., the bbc about what he has been seeina. , , . ., ., seeing. it is very alarming what i have seen _ seeing. it is very alarming what i have seen and _ seeing. it is very alarming what i have seen and i _ seeing. it is very alarming what i have seen and i have _ seeing. it is very alarming what i have seen and i have seen - seeing. it is very alarming what i - have seen and i have seen displaced families from different areas and they have seen a pregnant woman and young boy ten years with a lower part completely burned because the conflict was brought to his house while he was sleeping and i seen another ten—month—old child and he is severely malnourished and now getting treatment by our mobile health team but the situation in afghanistan is getting worse and worse. it's a country facing a crisis. a drought has been declared and the harvest for this year will be minimaland and the harvest for this year will be minimal and people will be facing food shortages. we have covid—19

register happening and now we have this conflict that is spreading across the country. there is nowhere safe for these families but to be pushed onto the road with the danger is happening on the road also. it was at the centre of controversy when it emerged that david cameron had lobbied the government on the half of the company during the pandemic. he has repeatedly refused to attend mps like he was paid by green sale and the company went into administration in march of this year and investors are facing billions of pounds of losses. a spokesperson for mr cameron said he had to numeration was a private matter. lex greensill was the banker at the heart of david cameron's government. he had his own office at number 10.

two years after david cameron left downing street, he went to work for his friends firm. greensill, changing finance to change the world. mr cameron travelled the world promoting greensill capital. with david cameron on board, it sold more than $14 billion of investments. having an ex—prime minister| is a great way to open doors. he played really crucial role in getting greensill in frontl of the right sort of people, - which meant that they could get access to more money, - more funding, big investors. when greensill capital went bust in march, those investors were left facing billions in losses. but the man who set it up isn't short of cash. lex greensill took at least $40 million out of his company based these offices in the west end of london, and his family trust took millions more. 0ur former prime minister also had a bumper payday. panorama has obtained a letter from greensill to mr cameron. it suggests david cameron pocketed

$4.5 million after cashing in greensill shares in 2019. before tax, including his salary and bonus, it looks like he made around $10 million for 2.5 years' part—time work. it was all about making money, and i think the danger is that cameron looks like he just saw the dollar signs. mr cameron's spokesman says he acted in good faith at all times it was all about making money, and i think the danger is that cameron looks like he just saw the dollar signs. mr cameron's spokesman says he acted in good faith at all times he has already been criticised for a sending 56 e—mails lobbying green sale for being involved in lending schemes. and there was no wrongdoing in any of the actions he took. lex greensill says the investments are covered by insurance that should cover 100% of any shortfall. andy verity, bbc news. panorama understands that green

sarah's may not pay up. investors could face huge losses while david cameron and his friend have made a fortune. i am cameron and his friend have made a fortune. iam back cameron and his friend have made a fortune. i am back injust a few minutes. stay with us. it looks hello there. it looks like the weather is going to calm down a bit for tomorrow with drier, sunnier weather on the way for more of the country. there's been quite a number of heavy, thundery donwpours for today, and a lot of thunderstorms actually across central areas of scotland through much of the day. we didn't do too bad, though, across the north of england and into parts of yorkshire, as well, with some sunshine. but there are still some heavy showers around at the moment. they'll continue through the evening, gradually tending to fade away overnight, but we could still keep some showers going overnight, even into parts of northern england for example. some clear spells developing, temperatures remaining in double figures overnight, typically 12—13 degrees in towns and cities.

any overnight showers first thing will tend to move away. we could see one or two showers breaking out in wales and again across some eastern parts of england, but most of the showers will be in scotland. but this time, further north, so it should be a drier day in central and southern scotland. we may see more cloud coming into northern ireland, but otherwise more in the way of sunshine, the winds will be light on tuesday and it will be warmer. temperatures getting up to 22—23 degrees, a bit more like it for this time of the year. now, we briefly get this drier weather, i think, in many places on tuesday with slightly higher pressure, but if we look out into the atlantic, this is what's coming our way. we've got a weather front coming in from the west. that'll bring cloud and rain into northern ireland, into scotland, particularly western scotla nd. ahead of that, though, we could see a few showers breaking out in wales and western parts of england. midlands, eastern england probably dry with some sunshine, and with a southerly breeze, it'll be a bit warmer still, 24—25 degrees. for scotland and northern ireland, thoughm cooler with that wetter weather around. the rain does clear away from these areas during the night, and that weather front just

pushes its way into england and wales for thursday. but there won't be much rain on it at all. in fact, we've probably got a band of cloud, a bit of patchy rain stuck from the south west of england through wales, towards lincolnshire, parts of yorkshire. north of that, it's cooler air, some sunshine, the winds picking up in scotland and northern ireland with some showers in the north west later on. so, temperatures a bit lower for these areas, but ahead of what's left of any rain on that weather front in east anglia and the south east of england, we're still in the warm air, so temperatures could reach 26 degrees, the peak of the heat this week. so, it's bit warmer this week, and with low pressure not sitting right over the uk, it won't be as wet as it has been.

hello, i'm kasia madera. this is 0utside source. the biggest ever report on climate change has set out the stark reality of the state of the planet. it is indisputable that human activities are causing climate change and making extreme weather events more frequent and severe. the landmark study warns of more extreme heatwaves, droughts and flooding, but says a catastrophe can be avoided if the world acts fast. if we reach netzero emissions and stabilise global temperatures and stop them from continuing to rise,

then we will stop things getting worse for changes in extreme weather, but there's no going back. scientists are describing it as a "wake—up call" for world leaders who'll be heading to a key climate summit in glasgow in november. also the belarusian president has had at the uk over new sanctions over human rights abuses. translation:— over human rights abuses. translation: , _, . over human rights abuses. translation: , . ., translation: they could choke on those british _ translation: they could choke on those british sanctions _ translation: they could choke on those british sanctions in _ translation: they could choke on those british sanctions in the - translation: they could choke on those british sanctions in the uk. i those british sanctions in the uk. for 1000 — those british sanctions in the uk. for 1000 years _ those british sanctions in the uk. for 1000 years who _ those british sanctions in the uk. for 1000 years who did _ those british sanctions in the uk. for 1000 years who did not - those british sanctions in the uk. for 1000 years who did not know| for1000 years who did not know about— for1000 years who did not know about britain— for 1000 years who did not know about britain and _ for 1000 years who did not know about britain and we _ for1000 years who did not know about britain and we still- for 1000 years who did not know about britain and we still don't i about britain and we still don't want _ about britain and we still don't want to— about britain and we still don't want to know _ about britain and we still don't want to know. you _ about britain and we still don't want to know. you are - about britain and we still don't . want to know. you are america's lapdogs — and we'll bring you the incredible story of a tiny baby, who weighed the same as an apple when she was born. well, she's finally home after 13 months in hospital.

welcome back. we are changing the earth's climate in unprecedented and possibly irreversible ways. today's report from the united nations warns that climate change is happening now and it is unequivocally a result of human activity. the un calls it a red alert for human activity. as the world gets hotter, it's becoming more threatening. the terrifying scenes of mass escape from greek islands, burning amid heatwaves, just as devastating fires also hit california. and the new report from the un climate panel says there will be much more of this to come. with a real additional amount of global warning... this major study concludes that temperatures are rising and it is beyond doubt that human activity is driving them up. and all the warnings

so far have been ignored. the world listened, but didn't hear. the world listened, but it didn't act strongly enough. and as a result, climate change is a problem that is here now. nobody's safe, and it's getting worse faster. people in every region of the world are now feeling the impacts of more violent weather, fuelled by the gases that we release into the atmosphere. | it is an absolute fact that human| influence is warming the climate, and that's a very stark reminder that it is our activities _ which are changing the climate - and affecting these extreme weather events. and as the planet - continues to warm, these consequences just get worse. the scientists are more certain of all this because they've got satellites spotting in minute detail how the planet is changing. and teams of researchers out in the toughest conditions,

gathering data to help work out what is likely to come next. the big question is how much more of the planet will heat up in the coming decades, so scientists explore different scenarios. in two of them, there are rapid and deep cuts in carbon emissions, and although the temperature does rise to potentially damaging levels, it's just about within the limits set by the international community. but in two other scenarios, which are actually much closer to where we're heading right now, the increases are much more dangerous. and in the most extreme, where emissions just keep growing, things become, well, catastrophic. but the message is that there is still time to act. in one sentence, this report shows that human action has got us to where we are, but human action can also crucially decide how the future will look like. we are not doomed.

there is a lot we can all do, like this project in cambridge to fit shades to keep the sun off the windows. this problem's only going to get worse with climate change. we're going to have, i fear, more and more heatwaves and they're going to be worse and worse, so that's why i think it makes sense to shade your windows now, start learning how to adapt. but some changes will be far tougher to deal with. the oceans will keep rising, we just don't know how much. the scientists are warning that there's going to be some rise in sea level really whatever we do. maybe half a metre by the end of the century if emissions are brought under control, or a metre if they aren't. and that would be really devastating for millions of people on coastlines around the world. but they can't rule out a far bigger

rise approaching two metres if the polar ice sheets collapse. the great ice sheets are already adding to the level of the sea, but this process may suddenly accelerate. scientists aren't sure, but the implications would be disastrous. india is now in the grip of flooding. high seas would make it worse. the science has never been so clear that we can head off the worst of climate change, but not all of it, so we urgently need to get ready. david shukman, bbc news. and it's becoming increasingly clear that one country plays a vital role in fighting climate change — china. that's because china accounts for 26.1% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. president xi jinping has said previously that china will aim for its emissions to reach their highest point before 2030 and for carbon neutrality by 2060, this ambitious target.

this is china's carbon emissions over the last 60 years. it's been booming, spurred by china's economic growth and huge population. it became the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide in 2006, and it's now responsible for more than a quarter of the world's overall greenhouse gas emissions. experts say without china, even the world's second largest emissions producer, the us, has no hope in preventing a climate catastrophe. we cannot solve the climate issue without china beginning to reduce their emissions. this is the key to the global puzzle. biden has to figure out a way to compel beijing to begin to cut their emissions, or all the efforts we're making domestically are going

to be ineffectual. coal has been china's main source of energy for decades, but since the 19905 and 20005, its use has also been inreasing rapidly. researchers at tsinghua university in beijing say china will need to stop using coal entirely for generating electricity by 2050, to be replaced by nuclear and renewable energy production. but there is good news — china also generates more solar power than any other country. that might not be so impressive given china's enormous population, but it is a sign of where the country is heading. yuka kobaya5hi is a lecturer and assistant professor on china at the school of oriental and african studies, part of the university of london. professor, china is as we have been discussing the world's number one carbon emitter. we are hearing that president 5he something does want china to achieve carbon neutrality

by 2060 but how does he even begin to do that given its position as the world's number one carbon emitter? it's a really good question, and i think— it's a really good question, and i think china — it's a really good question, and i think china accomplishing this is something that the president has promised and declaring at the un is something — promised and declaring at the un is something of a project he's been trying _ something of a project he's been trying to— something of a project he's been trying to do for some time. so it's essential— trying to do for some time. so it's essential that he does actually take some _ essential that he does actually take some steps towards this goal. and as you outlined, is a very difficult goal— you outlined, is a very difficult goal it— you outlined, is a very difficult goal it you _ you outlined, is a very difficult goal if you consider that china is predominantly having an energy profile _ predominantly having an energy profile that relies on coal. so, currently _ profile that relies on coal. so, currently it's 50%, so if you look at how _ currently it's 50%, so if you look at how we — currently it's 50%, so if you look at how we have progressed from 80% in 2000, _ at how we have progressed from 80% in 2000, sorry, 70% in 2080% in the 19905, _ in 2000, sorry, 70% in 2080% in the i990s. it— in 2000, sorry, 70% in 2080% in the i990s. it has— in 2000, sorry, 70% in 2080% in the 19905, it has significantly cut down but it— 19905, it has significantly cut down but if you _ 19905, it has significantly cut down but if you think 60% of the interview profile of the country relies — interview profile of the country relies on — interview profile of the country relies on coal, which is a very fossil— relies on coal, which is a very fossil fuel— relies on coal, which is a very fossil fuel that is potent in terms

of carbon— fossil fuel that is potent in terms of carbon footprint. it is a very difficult — of carbon footprint. it is a very difficult task. so if you see how he has done — difficult task. so if you see how he has done some changes domestically and look— has done some changes domestically and look at _ has done some changes domestically and look at the most recent five-year— and look at the most recent five—year plan, the 14th five—year plan, _ five—year plan, the 14th five—year plan, he — five—year plan, the 14th five—year plan, he has _ five—year plan, the 14th five—year plan, he has taken some steps he is also cautious about how he, she is the goal— also cautious about how he, she is the goal which is actually a very ambitious — the goal which is actually a very ambitious goal.— ambitious goal. you say is an ambitious — ambitious goal. you say is an ambitious goal _ ambitious goal. you say is an ambitious goal but _ ambitious goal. you say is an ambitious goal but of - ambitious goal. you say is an ambitious goal but of course | ambitious goal. you say is an - ambitious goal but of course when ambitiou5 goal but of course when you look at the figures of course it is with this idea we are phasing down coal u5e is with this idea we are phasing down coal use in china, you would think that the first thing you would do is not billed any more new coal—fired power stations and get the complete opposite is happening. china is investing in building lots of these things. that china is investing in building lots of these things.— of these things. that is actually true. but of these things. that is actually true- itut if _ of these things. that is actually true. but if you _ of these things. that is actually true. but if you think _ of these things. that is actually true. but if you think about - of these things. that is actually true. but if you think about the | true. but if you think about the economic— true. but if you think about the economic structure of china, how economic— economic structure of china, how economic development and heating the numbers— economic development and heating the numbers is— economic development and heating the numbers is a real significant, important _ numbers is a real significant, important goal of the chinese communist party, if you think about even the _ communist party, if you think about even the chinese communist party, communism — even the chinese communist party, communism has really lost its currency _ communism has really lost its currency. so a lot of the chinese

communist— currency. so a lot of the chinese communist party's dumas he is derived — communist party's dumas he is derived from reaching these economic developing _ derived from reaching these economic developing goals. so if you think about— developing goals. so if you think about coal, the state owned enterprise dominant sector, it's a very difficult shift to make, even for an— very difficult shift to make, even for an authoritarian regime where making _ for an authoritarian regime where making big shifts is a lot easier than _ making big shifts is a lot easier than other— making big shifts is a lot easier than other regimes. it is a significant shift if you can about the of— significant shift if you can about the of the — significant shift if you can about the of the sector and if you think about— the of the sector and if you think about what they are building, it is not something they are building now. these _ not something they are building now. these have _ not something they are building now. these have a lots of of several decades — these have a lots of of several decades. so phasing out coal is something they are finding significantly difficult to do and it's also— significantly difficult to do and it's also one they are actually being — it's also one they are actually being quite clever about exporting outside _ being quite clever about exporting outside its boundaries with the bell and root _ outside its boundaries with the bell and root initiative. you see a lot of these — and root initiative. you see a lot of these projects, you will find a lot of— of these projects, you will find a lot of energy projects they are financing _ lot of energy projects they are financing in the bell and root initiative _ financing in the bell and root initiative is concentrating on coal which _ initiative is concentrating on coal which is — initiative is concentrating on coal which is actually a clever way of china _ which is actually a clever way of china accomplishing their economic priorities— china accomplishing their economic priorities as well as their ambitious target of reaching carbon neutrality— ambitious target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060. we

ambitious target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060.— ambitious target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060. we watch away is what will happen. _ neutrality by 2060. we watch away is what will happen, especially - neutrality by 2060. we watch away is what will happen, especially if - neutrality by 2060. we watch away is what will happen, especially if you i what will happen, especially if you forward it will take place in glasgow. forthe forward it will take place in glasgow. for the time being can professor, thank you so much for your expertise. professor, thank you so much for your expertise-— professor, thank you so much for your expertise. thank you for having me. people in france mu5t people in france must show a health pa5tor for the efficacy on intercity train5 despite large scale prote5t5 train5 despite large scale protests against the plan. the so—called covid—19 pa55 which shows a proof of vaccination or a negative test as part of the president's tried to contain another wave of infections. eating in restaurants committing in cafes, i5 eating in restaurants committing in cafes, is almost a definition of being french. but from monday, you can only do this if you show a pass, or health pa55 wa5 can only do this if you show a pass, or health pa55 was a bit of split france down the middle. translation: i france down the middle. translation:— france down the middle. translation: ., , ~ .,

translation: i really don't know what is his- _ translation: i really don't know what is his. we _ translation: i really don't know what is his. we are _ translation: i really don't know what is his. we are sitting - translation: i really don't know what is his. we are sitting in - translation: i really don't know what is his. we are sitting in an i what is his. we are sitting in an outdoor table. there are two of us and no one around. it is digital absurdity. translation: i absurdity. translation: 4' absurdity. translation: ~ �* , ., translation: i think it's an excellent — translation: i think it's an excellent idea. _ translation: i think it's an excellent idea. it _ translation: i think it's an excellent idea. it protects i translation: | think it's an j excellent idea. it protects us translation: | think it's an - excellent idea. it protects us all. in addition, there is a delta variant— in addition, there is a delta variant which is very dangerous. the new rules variant which is very dangerous. new rules are variant which is very dangerous. tue: new rules are being variant which is very dangerous. tte: new rules are being strictly enforced. thi5 new rules are being strictly enforced. this is police on the streets of paris. cafe and bar owners caught flouting the rules owner5 caught flouting the rules could face a seven day closure order. ~ ., ., , ., could face a seven day closure order. ~ ., .,, ., _, . could face a seven day closure order. ~ ., ., . ., order. we are hoping to convince a maximum number _ order. we are hoping to convince a maximum number of _ order. we are hoping to convince a maximum number of people - order. we are hoping to convince a maximum number of people to - order. we are hoping to convince a maximum number of people to go | maximum number of people to go and -et maximum number of people to go and get vaccinated — maximum number of people to go and get vaccinated to — maximum number of people to go and get vaccinated to be _ maximum number of people to go and get vaccinated to be able _ maximum number of people to go and get vaccinated to be able to _ maximum number of people to go and get vaccinated to be able to have - get vaccinated to be able to have a valid health — get vaccinated to be able to have a valid health pass. _ get vaccinated to be able to have a valid health pass. the _ get vaccinated to be able to have a valid health pass.— valid health pass. the new rules also now apply _ valid health pass. the new rules also now apply to _ valid health pass. the new rules also now apply to train - valid health pass. the new rules also now apply to train travel. . valid health pass. the new rulesl also now apply to train travel. no one can get on board unle55 also now apply to train travel. no one can get on board unless they can prove they have been vaccinated. vaccination rate5 prove they have been vaccinated. vaccination rates have jumped prove they have been vaccinated. vaccination rate5 havejumped in france since the health pa55 wa5 france since the health pa55 was first announced but it's been controversial. forthe first announced but it's been controversial. for the last four weekends, there have been nationwide protest5. some angry about what they see as fundamental restrictions to their freedom, see as fundamental restrictions to theirfreedom, to see as fundamental restrictions to their freedom, to their way of life.

the french government says shoving a health pa55 the french government says shoving a health pass and more and more places is a key part of its strategy to contain the fourth wave infections. stay with us on outside source. still to come, we turn to the us, where california is battling its second biggest wildfire in state history. team gb'5 olympic medal—winning athletes have landed at heathrow after the closing ceremony of the tokyo olympics last night. team gb performed brilliantly, equalling its tally from london 2012, winning 65 medals, including 22 gold5. our sports correspondent eleanor roper was at heathrow airport. it has been a bonker5 half an hour as everyone coming off the plane. loads of family and friends here waiting to greet them. we've had people flag5 waving, lots of support here. it was the kennys who were first off the plane,

so they had an great reception. we didn't have a chance to speak to them. they rushed straight off. you'll see the pictures now of them arriving. all of the boxers here as well. i managed to catch a word with lauren price, who won olympic gold. and these olympics have been an olympics like no other. we've had empty 5tadium5. we've had worries about the spread of the coronaviru5, but it's provided a huge distraction back home with some really special moments for those of us watching. now the fact that family and friends were not able to travel to japan means of this homecoming wa5 more special than ever. we can just show you some pictures now of the boxer frazer clarke seeing his baby for the first time in several weeks. big fraze, as he's known, there was a huge amount of support here for the boxing team here. particularly galal youfai. he had about 20 people here that were going absolutely wild.

welcome home. what amazing support from all your mates. yeah, it's been crazy. obviously all my friends here, family, yeah, it's been a bit manic, but it's something i couldn't get used to. now, you've got your gold medal around your neck. when you left from this airport to go to tokyo, were you imagining coming back with that? we all do. we all want to come back and get a gold medal. well, go and get a gold medal, but ijust made sure i did my best and it worked out for me. i mean, an amazing performance. you've had so much support at home. how hard was it competing in tokyo without anyone there to watch you? you know what, to be fair, i didn't really mind. i wasjust happyjust to get there and just get fighting. it's probably better that no—one's there. it didn't distract me, so, yeah, i wasjust happy to go there and get the wins. this is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. our lead story is — the major un climate report which says that human activity has caused irreversible damage. but there is a chance to prevent the worst outcome

if emissions are slashed. a huge wildfire in northern california has become the second—largest in state history. the dixie fire, burning north—east of san francisco, has been active for 26 days and is just 21% contained so far. hundreds of buildings have been destroyed and thousands more are at risk. this is the governor of california, gavin newsom, surveying the damage. he's long been making a direct link between wildfires and climate change. that he and a hot water is hotter thanit that he and a hot water is hotter than it has ever been. extreme weather conditions and extreme droughts leading to extreme

conditions and wildfire challenges the likes of which we've never seen in our history and as a consequence we need to acknowledge just straight up we need to acknowledge just straight up these are climate —induced wildfires. our correspondent barbara plett usher is in los angeles and joins me now. the devastation absolutely huge there. ., , ., the devastation absolutely huge there. . , ., , ., ., there. that is right and is not over et b there. that is right and is not over yet by any — there. that is right and is not over yet by any means- _ there. that is right and is not over yet by any means. the _ there. that is right and is not over yet by any means. the figure - there. that is right and is not over yet by any means. the figure last| yet by any means. the figure last night _ yet by any means. the figure last night was — yet by any means. the figure last night was that it was only 21% contained and that is still the same figure _ contained and that is still the same figure. there has been a thick smoke that has— figure. there has been a thick smoke that has been blocking out the sun for the _ that has been blocking out the sun for the past couple of days was a bit has been keeping the temperatures and the winds down but that smoke _ temperatures and the winds down but that smoke lifted today, so it means there“— that smoke lifted today, so it means there'll probably be even more fire activity— there'll probably be even more fire activity for — there'll probably be even more fire activity for some of the what it means— activity for some of the what it means is— activity for some of the what it means is that firefighters who have been granted by the cloudy skies can now take _ been granted by the cloudy skies can now take their aircraft up and join the battle — now take their aircraft up and join the battle against the blaze and protect — the battle against the blaze and protect those fighting it on the ground — protect those fighting it on the ground. and as you are hearing there from the _ ground. and as you are hearing there from the governor, this is quite a

good _ from the governor, this is quite a good example of what that un climate report _ good example of what that un climate report was _ good example of what that un climate report was talking about, extreme weather _ report was talking about, extreme weather events linked to human caused — weather events linked to human caused climate change, that if the rise then — caused climate change, that if the rise then the droughts, the heat waves _ rise then the droughts, the heat waves become much more severe, they become _ waves become much more severe, they become more _ waves become much more severe, they become more frequent in the fires -et become more frequent in the fires get larger. — become more frequent in the fires get larger, they reach higher, they spread _ get larger, they reach higher, they spread faster. this one has been going _ spread faster. this one has been going for— spread faster. this one has been going for four weeks but in the last week— going for four weeks but in the last week it _ going for four weeks but in the last week it is _ going for four weeks but in the last week it is consumed an enormous amount— week it is consumed an enormous amount of— week it is consumed an enormous amount of territory. so firefighters are saying — amount of territory. so firefighters are saying this is not a normal fire, _ are saying this is not a normal fire, numberwe are are saying this is not a normal fire, number we are used to. it took about the human _ fire, number we are used to. it took about the human report _ fire, number we are used to. it took about the human report and - fire, number we are used to. it took| about the human report and thought about the human report and thought about it all day, the findings it has been discussing, what has the by demonstration, what reaction have they had the report because it is alarming? they had the report because it is alarmin: ? , they had the report because it is alarmin: ? _ ., , ., ., they had the report because it is alarmina? _ ., , ., ., alarming? the by demonstration has made fighting. _ alarming? the by demonstration has made fighting, change _ alarming? the by demonstration has made fighting, change a _ alarming? the by demonstration has made fighting, change a priority, - alarming? the by demonstration has made fighting, change a priority, so| made fighting, change a priority, so ithink— made fighting, change a priority, so i think the _ made fighting, change a priority, so i think the reactions were to be expected _ i think the reactions were to be expected. the president himself but in a statement saying that it was clear— in a statement saying that it was clear that — in a statement saying that it was clear that nobody could wait to take action, _ clear that nobody could wait to take action, that the cost of inaction

was mounting all the time. there were _ was mounting all the time. there were also— was mounting all the time. there were also comments about his un or climate _ were also comments about his un or climate envoyjohn kerry as well as the secretary of state anthony blinking — the secretary of state anthony blinking. they both said this was a critical— blinking. they both said this was a critical decade for ambitious climate _ critical decade for ambitious climate action and they urged other countries _ climate action and they urged other countries to take that action, especially the major economies. in the biden— especially the major economies. in the biden administration has promised or pledged to cut 2005 omission— promised or pledged to cut 2005 omission levels by half at the end of the _ omission levels by half at the end of the decade. and it wants to have a global— of the decade. and it wants to have a global role in influencing other countries — a global role in influencing other countries to do so, hence the appointment ofjohn kerry. it has also taken — appointment ofjohn kerry. it has also taken steps here in the us last week _ also taken steps here in the us last week. joe _ also taken steps here in the us last week. joe biden asked another goal of having _ week. joe biden asked another goal of having all cars produced, all vehicles — of having all cars produced, all vehicles produced in the us, half of them _ vehicles produced in the us, half of them to— vehicles produced in the us, half of them to be — vehicles produced in the us, half of them to be electric vehicles by 2034 to begin _ them to be electric vehicles by 2034 to begin something that would make a difference _ to begin something that would make a difference if it happened because that is— difference if it happened because that is the greatest source of greenhouse gas emissions here but it will take _ greenhouse gas emissions here but it will take a _ greenhouse gas emissions here but it will take a fairamount greenhouse gas emissions here but it will take a fair amount of government funding to get there. and it well.

government funding to get there. sing. it well. thanks so much of the time being, barbara live in los angeles. the president of belarus is told bbc that britain can choke on the economic sanctions it has levied against his country due to human rights abuses without looking at a press conference one year after securing a six term and a mini —— election that many of you is fraudulent, the president called britain and america's let the dog and denied his authoritarian government had used torture and violence —— violence to silent dissent. steve rosenberg reports. he called it the big conversation. in the end, it was very big. for more than eight hours, alexander lukashenko was live on tv. his first major news conference since the 2020 presidential election in belarus. a vote he is widely

believed to have rigged. he claimed the election was transparent and democratic and that after the vote, there had been no oppression. but over the last year, the images from belarus have told a very different story. the authorities have used violence and intimidation to suppress dissent, to silence those who have accused mr lukashenko of stealing the election. police detained thousands of protesters. in belarus, that is thought to be more than 600 political prisoners. today, britain, america and canada imposed more sanctions on minsk. my colleague sarah rainsford asked mr lukashenko for his reaction. you can choke on those sanctions there in the uk. for 1000 years, we didn't even know great britain existed, and we don't want to know now.

you are america's lapdogs. it's dramas like this one that have cemented mr lukashenko's reputation as europe's last dictator. in may, he forced a ryanairjet flying from greece to lithuania to land in minsk so he could arrest an opposition blogger. and last week, the death of a belarusian dissident in kyiv prompted more international scrutiny of mr lukashenko's government. he denies any connection to that death. but he had this warning to the west. "your accusations and your sanctions will end badly for you." you are risking starting world war iii. is that what you are trying to push us and the russians into? what do you want? do you want to win this war? there will be no winners, and if there are, it would be not you.

continued defiance from the leader who has made his country a pariah in the west. next, let's bring you the extraordinary story of kwek yu xuan, thought to have been born the smallest baby in the world. she was discharged from a hospital in singapore today after an incredible 13 months of intensive treatment. yu xuan was just 212 grams, the weight of an apple, when she was born. she measured 24 centimetres long. her mother gave birth to her by emergency c—section four months ahead of schedule after she was diagnosed with pre—eclampsia, dangerously high blood pressure that can damage vital organs and be fatal for both mother and baby. yu xuan now weighs a much healthier 6.3 kilograms and has been able to go home for the first time. here's more from the bbc�*s suranjana tewari in singapore. doctors here in singapore at the national university hospital where she was born actually said that babies who are born that premature usually have about a 70% survival rate. now, that's fairly high, but they also expected her to weigh about at least 400 grams,

but she weighed just 212 grams. and many of the doctors who were looking after her here said that really put a low chance of survival for her. so, yu xuan really surprising doctors with her progress here. now, when she was first born, she was so small, the doctors really struggled to look after her. her skin was very sensitive, so it was very hard to put probes onto her skin in order to monitor her health. also, the nappies that were available here in singapore were far too large, and it was really important that she had regular nappies because her skin was so sensitive. even the medicine that was administered to her had to be calculated down to the decimal point. so, it really is some sort of miracle here. the doctors at nuh said that it was a covid—19 miracle because she was born in the middle of the pandemic and that her progress really gave a ray of hope

amidst all the darkness that there has been in the last year or so. will be stored in the programme on. hello there. it looks like the weather is going to calm down a bit for tomorrow with drier, sunnier weather on the way for more of the country. there's been quite a number of heavy, thundery donwpours for today, and a lot of thunderstorms actually across central areas of scotland through much of the day. we didn't do too bad, though, across the north of england and into parts of yorkshire, as well, with some sunshine. but there are still some heavy showers around at the moment. they'll continue through the evening, gradually tending to fade away overnight, but we could still keep some showers going overnight, even into parts of northern england for example. some clear spells developing, temperatures remaining in double figures overnight, typically 12—13 degrees in towns and cities. any overnight showers first thing will tend to move away. we could see one or two showers breaking out in wales and again across some eastern parts

of england, but most of the showers will be in scotland. but this time, further north, so it should be a drier day in central and southern scotland. we may see more cloud coming into northern ireland, but otherwise more in the way of sunshine, the winds will be light on tuesday and it will be warmer. temperatures getting up to 22—23 degrees, a bit more like it for this time of the year. now, we briefly get this drier weather, i think, in many places on tuesday with slightly higher pressure, but if we look out into the atlantic, this is what's coming our way. we've got a weather front coming in from the west. that'll bring cloud and rain into northern ireland, into scotland, particularly western scotla nd. ahead of that, though, we could see a few showers breaking out in wales and western parts of england. midlands, eastern england probably dry with some sunshine, and with a southerly breeze, it'll be a bit warmer still, 24—25 degrees. for scotland and northern ireland, thoughm cooler with that wetter weather around. the rain does clear away from these areas during the night, and that weather front just pushes its way into england and wales for thursday.

but there won't be much rain on it at all. in fact, we've probably got a band of cloud, a bit of patchy rain stuck from the south west of england through wales, towards lincolnshire, parts of yorkshire. north of that, it's cooler air, some sunshine, the winds picking up in scotland and northern ireland with some showers in the north west later on. so, temperatures a bit lower for these areas, but ahead of what's left of any rain on that weather front in east anglia and the south east of england, we're still in the warm air, so temperatures could reach 26 degrees, the peak of the heat this week. so, it's bit warmer this week, and with low pressure not sitting right over the uk, it won't be as wet as it has been.

this is bbc news. our top stories... scientists warn on climate change: within two decades temperatures are on course to rise by more than 1.5 degrees celsius above pre industrial levels — bringing heat waves, droughts and floods. the world listened, but didn't hear. the world listened, but it did not act strongly enough, and as a result, climate change is a problem that is here now. nobody is safe and it's getting worse faster. greece — one of many countries already feeling the impact with raging wildfires that have driven thousands from their homes. documents obtained by the bbc suggest david cameron made around seven million pounds from the failed finance

company greensill.