i want to show you the satellite picture. what you should take is how well developed this hurricane is. since it left cuba, it has moved over really warm waters and is picked up intensity. they sent a plane through it earlier today to see how strong the winds were and they said it increased to 215 miles an hour, that sort of order, that is a category four hurricane, a dangerous hurricane. you can see the dry spot in the middle, the eye, and we try and work out where the eye will hit when it makes landfall.

the bright colours is the centre of the rainfall which will then move inland. a few things we need to take note of here, these are the main headlines. we have landfall during the afternoon, sunday afternoon local time, so a few hours away. it's expected to be a category four, so stronger than katrina was on landfall. the storm surge is the most worrying element of this. you have sustained winds but the storm surge could be four metres above sea level. if it coincides with high tide that makes it even more dangerous. it's the north—eastern quadrant of the storm that you really need to watch. if you think about the winds rotating around the hurricane, pushing a wall of water on the track that hurricane, where you have landfall it is areas to the east of landfall which includes

mississippi which will see the largest storm surge. of course that is a huge concern. people remember 16 years ago today in fact, katrina, the devastation in new orleans. there was a big issue with the levees and the wall is designed to protect the city from storm surges and flooding. they really didn't work because 80% of the city was flooded with hundreds of lives lost. the big question is, will the improved levy system hold up to it? they have been strengthened but we will wait and see. this is a huge amount of water, height of water, that will be hitting those levees and moving inland because it is a low—lying area, of course. but also look at the rainfall, more than half a metre of rain at the same time of that storm surge. that rain will last. very dangerous recipe, as you say. it has intensified rapidly

as it moves towards land. to what extent is climate change making hurricanes stronger and making them more frequent? there have been lots of studies on that. we are uncertain if there will be more hurricanes because of climate change. scientists they will be stronger. so there is more energy going into these storms because they are travelling over warmer waters for longer, so they can pick up all that energy and therefore potentially become much stronger. so it's likely there will be stronger hurricanes. it doesn't mean they are not going to hit land, of course. stronger hurricanes, not necessarily more hurricanes. now it's time for a look at the weather with darren bett.

hello, there. it's been a fine day today across wales and the south—west, where we're seeing the lion's share of the sunshine. there could be some blue skies elsewhere this evening, but overnight we'll see the cloud coming back in again, pushed in by that breeze coming in off the north sea. some clearer skies for a longer in wales and the south—west. it could be a little chilly here. and the cloud will lower onto the hills of northern england and into scotland, and it could be a bit misty and a bit damp and grey across the south—east of scotland and north—east england throughout monday. but elsewhere there is a lot of cloud. the best of the sunshine probably again towards west wales, south—west england, and developing in central areas of scotland. in the sunshine, temperatures just getting into the low 20s. underneath the cloud, it will be cooler, particularly towards north—eastern areas where it is a bit grey. heading into tuesday and it's pretty much more of the same, really. cloud for many parts of the country, the wind probably a little bit stronger — especially around eastern and southern parts of the uk. the best of any sunshine out towards the west. top temperature�*s 20 celsius. hello, this is bbc news.

the headlines... the united states has carried out an airstrike in the afghan capital, kabul. us officials say the missile targeted a suicide bomber in a vehicle who was aiming to carry out an attack on kabul airport. 20 years after being sent in — the last british troops have left afghanistan — the last uk troops, along with diplomats and officials, have now left kabul airport. forecasters warn a storm approaching louisiana could be more powerful than hurricane katrina, which devastated new orleans sixteen years ago. more from me at the top of the hour. now on bbc news, witness history. hello, and welcome to this special edition of witness history with me, ciru muriuki — here at the national museum in kenya's capital, nairobi.

this month, we're featuring five incredible moments from recent african history. coming up, how tunisian women became some of the most liberated in the world in the 1950s. we find out about the history of great zimbabwe, the ancient stone city once the centre of an african empire. plus, one of the world's largest refugee camps and the kenyan pop song that became a global hit. but first, we go back to south africa in 1977, when the country was governed by a racist system known as apartheid which discriminated against the black population in almost every area of life. peterjones spoke to witness history about his friend, steve biko, a young black south african who was trying to bring about change. i miss my friend steve biko and i am forever in his debt. steve biko is one of the people that originated

the new generation of young political—minded black people, the black consciousness movement. we believe that in our country there shall be no minority, there shall be no majority, there willjust be people. and those people will have the same status before the law and they will have the same political rights before the law. the apartheid government ensured there was no resistance against its doctrines and against its policies. there was a roadblock and they then searched the car, they found an identity document which was mine, then said, who is peter jones? i said that's me, and they said, "oh, who are you, big man?" that's now steve, and steve said "i'm steve biko." and we were then locked up together in one cell. the next morning we started getting an uneasy feeling

because there were now more police and in a convey of three cars we sped towards port elizabeth. port elizabeth was the headquarters of the security police for that region. the building has been converted into a block of flats. steve biko was being walked to his death along this very corridor, a man poised to fill the void left behind after mandela wasjailed. we got taken up to the fifth floor and were manacled each to a separate window. one of the senior police, a major, came in and said "now i can confirm that you are officially being detained under section 6 of the terrorism act." that is the act in which you literally disappear. they separated us, i only had a chance to shout steve's name

and that was the last time i saw steve alive. three weeks and three days later, ijust heard a lot of commotion, many, many people singing protest songs, the cell next to mine was being filled with many people. then this young men told me they have just returned from the funeral of steve biko, and that was the first time i heard about the death of steve biko. i went to my mat that was my bed and i then just sat there with. .. to me, it was like a huge hole in my soul. just inconsolable.

which even today would make me weep at unexpected moments. the police said the leader of the black consciousness movement had lost his life by accident when his head struck a wall whilst being restrained. his family believe he was thrown at the wall quite deliberately by the police officers. it shows the extent to which the apartheid regime would go to protect itself. peterjones remembering his friend, steve biko. next we go to tunisia in

the 1950s and the introduction of equal rights laws that give women the right to vote and the right to contraception and in some cases abortion. the reforms were abiding by the country's first president following independence. for women who ten years ago had no rights, were contracted to a marriage by their parents, covered their faces when they left the house, these tunisians are not doing at all badly. this is, one imagines, as emancipated as any girl can get. these swinging tunisian dolly birds represent one of the most remarkable social transformations of present time. translation: the equal rights lie was the biggest ever - gain for tunisian women. the president of the time said he was notjust a liberator- of tunisia but a liberator.

of tunisian women as well. bourguiba is tunisia. he has a fight for his country, battling for independence from france and was jailed and exiled for his trouble. since independence, he has been the nation's leader. translation: i knew president bourguiba during the struggle i against colonialism. in the equal rights law, he banned polygamy, i he gave women social, political and _ economical rights. he introduced the law on august 13th, 1936.j thanks to this law, women were allowed to vote - and also become politicians. i'm one of the founders- of the tunisian women's union and president bourguiba relied on us. _ in this school, a teacher hammers home the newly discovered facts of female life to 60 teenagers. there are 16 such schools.

it is a militant and powerful body of opinion on the land. the teacher leaves them in no doubts about their rights. she tells them, you are not slaves any more. you are like european women. you have equal rights with men. this you must understand. translation: this law protected girls, fathers were no longer - able to force their daughters to marry against their will. l president bourguiba encouraged us to make sure families - were not stopping girls- from getting an education. they're taught about contraception, abortion and the laws giving them equal rights. after three months here, they return to their villages to spread the word because it is here in the tunisian countryside that the modern tunisian woman has to win the fight for equality in territory that for centuries has remained the unassailable stronghold of tunisian men. translation: we spoke to men more than women because we i

faced opposition from them. we spent a lot of time - meeting men and explaining the law to them. family traditions used to oppress girls. - but now they are free i to choose who to love. tunisian women were given yet another safeguard against massive families when they became the first women in any muslim country able to have abortions. the law at present is any tunisian woman with four children can have an abortion without her husband's consent. the operation is paid for by the government. translation: president - bourguiba told us to make women feel like they have a role to play. _ that they have the right - to live in dignity and to trust themselves and their soul. he said he gave women these rights not as a gift, _ but because he saw women's power to lead in— post—independence society.

she continues to campaign for the rights of women. now let's go back hundreds of years to great zimbabwe. when colonial explorers discovered it in the 19th century, they insisted foreigners must have built it. then, following zimbabwe's independence, the country was able to reclaim its full heritage. our next witness was given the task of rewriting the history book. this is one of the most remarkable sites in africa. these are the corridors of power of an ancient african civilisation. this is great zimbabwe. everybody in power wants to control history because it brings them legitimacy. the europeans said the africans did

not build the ruins. it belonged to the phoenicians, arabs, the queen of sheba — anybody else except the africans. it was the greatest civilisation south of egypt. it carried about 10,000 people so that was quite a large city. it was also a centre of religion and the economy of zimbabwe was there. it could be traced as far back as 1100. i was raised about ten miles away, i was obsessed with history, so i visited it as a child~ _ there was a bus to the great zimbabwe but this was for tourists. blacks were not allowed there. but we just turned up and if there were no white visitors, you could wander about. the stones are chiselled

to be exactly the same size and they are not connected by mortar or cement. we felt deprived of what belonged to us and we belonged to a great people but we were oppressed by the colonial regime. when europeans first saw great zimbabwe in the 1890s, they could not believe that so imposing a structure could have been built by the ancestors of the africans they found living there. zimbabwe was not built i by either blacks or whites.

the people that it were brown in colour. - they were a mixture of arabs and jews. l the europeans, they were going there to civilise africans who were in darkness, who had no history, so if they accepted that some of these africans had these wonderful civilisations, the reasoning would fall apart. on april the 18th 1980, zimbabwe became independent. it was a great moment for us. history became important. we were going to find a new identity by going into the past. i was the first black director of national museums, i was supposed to use my abilities as a writer to write a new manual for the great zimbabwe, getting away from the eurocentric interpretation so that heritage could be reclaimed. it was one of my happiest times. but it was also full of challenges because the politicians insisted that i must say that the great zimbabwe was built by revolutionaries. and i refused, i said there is nothing revolutionary, they were just ordinary people building as they were

told by the king. they were angry with me and i had to leave zimbabwe in a hurry because now they were looking to lock me up. i think my life explains why history is very exciting, because look at the problems i've gone through because of my writing of history. dr ken mufuka there on the enduring power of history. this seems a good time to remind you can watch witness history on bbc world news or catch up on all of the films and radio programmes on the online archive. just search online for bbc witness history. welcome back to witness history with me ciru muriuki. zamzam abdi gelle found herself in dadaab.

for a long time it became known as the world's largest refugee camp and it is currently home to more than 200,000 people. many residents have known no other home. you don't know what life holds for you. we have been in mogadishu in a big city, with a good life and then we end up in a refugee camp. mogadishu, there were militia groups everywhere. we were scared, things you cannot imagine. we were attacked by the militia groups. i think there were about ten. they came for one of my uncles and then they shot my father that night. he was shot in the left leg and then from the back going out from the side. my father survived. we fled from mogadishu at the beginning of 1982,

we travelled to the border of kenya. my father could not walk so we had a donkey cart and then we were trying to cross the border. you can be caught by the bandits at any time, if they caught you it was the end of your life. and if you are caught by the soldiers from kenya, that will be the end of your life also. so survival was 50—50. everybody was trying to come to kenya to look for means of survival but we never expected that we would be going to a refugee camp. at the beginning, you collect

branches from a tree and you build a small hut and then covered by plastic. the environment is so harsh, it was dusty, the soil is not fertile, you cannot grow anything. the rainfall is so low. it is so hard sometimes it can reach up to a0 to 50 degrees. it wasn't safe at the beginning. it's like a city now. a big city. we thought we could have stayed there two years, but we never thought we would stay there 25 years. we cannot travel from dadaab to another part of kenya and we cannot go back to somalia,

so necessity is the mother of invention. i got a scholarship to university. i feel lucky. what i want is to just close the camps and take the somali people back to somalia. dadaab is the worlds largest refugee camp and now kenny wants to close it down. will they be forced to leave? many of them have never been anywhere else. where will i go back to? we are not somalis because we have been in can you. so we are caught in between. that was zamzam abdi gelle. and finally a0 years ago in kenya, tourism is booming with visitors coming for the wildlife as well as its beautiful beaches.

our next witnesses were earning a living playing music at hotels when they were inspired to write a song that would become a global hit. this is the story ofjambo bwana. #jambo,jambo bwana # habari gani # mzuri sa na # wageni, wakaribishwa # kenya yetu hakuna matata # kenya nchi nzuri # hakuna matata.# that's how it went. the tourists were crazy about this song. it went to silver, then gold, then it went platinum. that came as a complete surprise to me. i started the group at them mushrooms in 1972. me and him were working with the cement factory in mombasa. there was a lot of tourists coming into mombasa

so it was a vibrant scene. we were playing mostly congolese stuff and kenyan music, but when we realised we could make more money and play for less time for tourists in the hotels, we had to switch to play the cover versions of the music from europe and america. one night, i think it was late 1979, i was sitting at the pool after a performance and there where these tourists in the pool playing around and joking, trying to speak swahili. hakuna matata, you know? and i got this idea, i should write a song with the simplest words and get the tourists to learn

the language while they sang and danced to our music. it says, "hello, hello, how are you?" then a reply. it says, "all visitors are welcome. "there are no problems in kenya." a very simple song. whenever we finished, another tourist would come over and say, can you do this song? we had to do about 20 times. and then the financial director of polygram said, here is my card, you call me. i want to record this song. we didn't know it was going to be this big. like they say, the rest is history, after the recording, the rest was history. when we signed that agreement with polygram at the time,

i didn't know much about copyright ownership, we were just happy to have our music recorded and so many people wanted to do cover versions of it. most kenyan say this is the song not for us kenyans. but they are proud of it — that at least it has given some kind of identity to kenya. any canyon that goes overseas,, you know the song? they start singing the song. so that is a big bonus for us. thank you. 0n the enduring appeal ofjambo bwana. this song put canyon on the map.

hakuna matata even made it into the lion king. that is all from this special edition of witness history coming from the national museum. we will be back next month with accounts of extraordinary women in history. from me and the rest of the witness history crew, it's goodbye. hello, there. it's been a fine day today across wales and the south—west, where we're seeing the lion's share of the sunshine. there could be some blue skies elsewhere this evening, but overnight we'll see the cloud coming back in again, pushed in by that breeze coming in off the north sea. some clearer skies for longer in wales and the south—west. it could be a little chilly here. and the cloud will lower onto the hills of northern england and into scotland, and it could be a bit misty and a bit damp and grey across the south—east of scotland and north—east england throughout monday. but elsewhere there is a lot of cloud.

the best of the sunshine probably again towards west wales, south—west england, and developing in central areas of scotland. in the sunshine, temperatures just getting into the low 20s. underneath the cloud, it will be cooler, particularly towards north—eastern areas where it is a bit grey. heading into tuesday and it's pretty much more of the same, really. cloud for many parts of the country, the wind probably a little bit stronger — especially around eastern and southern parts of the uk. the best of any sunshine out towards the west. top temperature's 20 celsius.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. the united states has carried out an air strike in the afghan capital, kabul. us officials say the missile targeted a suicide bomber in a vehicle who was aiming to carry out an attack on kabul airport. 20 years after being sent in, the last british troops have left afg ha nista n. the effort has been frankly truly humbling to see the hours worked, the exhaustion painted on people's faces, so we tried our best. the bodies of the 13 us military personnel killed in the kabul airport attack during the evacuation of civilians last thursday are returned home. forecasters warn a storm approaching louisiana could be more powerful

than hurricane katrina which devastated new orleans 16 years ago.