this is bbc news with me kristen fraser. borisjohnson tells his party he has the guts to force the change is his predecessors have docked. in a closing speech to the conference, the prime minister said we will be weaned from their addiction to low—paid migration. that is the direction in which this country is going now. it was a high wage, high skilled, high productivity and thereby a low tax economy. productivity and thereby a low tax econom . ., ., ., economy. the high court in london answered the _ economy. the high court in london answered the devise _ economy. the high court in london answered the devise rule _ economy. the high court in london answered the devise rule or- answered the devise rule or authorise the hacking of his ex—wife's phone and legal team in the bitter custody battle over their children. the us senate is deadlocked over crucial decision to raise the debt limit which expires in 12 days' time. failure to find

compromise will be disastrous for the global economy. in the heart—warming story of the pet bird left in the care for french ambassador by a little girl evacuated from kabul. the british prime minister has set out some big themes. his closing speech was something of a reset, let's get on with that moment that maybe he feels the country needs after the long slog of a pandemic. the prime minister told the faithful it was the spirit of the country in the fatality of the private sector that had led to the miraculous development of covid—i9 vaccines. and that will be the key to the future — the tablet the.

when i stood on the steps of parliament and after decades of drift and did her, this reforming government, drift and did her, this this can—do government, discover the god brexit done and getting the covid—i9 vaccine roll—out done is going to get social care done and we will deal with the underlying issues of our economy and society. the problems that no government has had the guts to tackle before. the long—term structural weaknesses in uk economy. over the costs of living. record gas prices, the shortages of the pump, the spiralling nhs waiting lists. this prime minister was exuding confidence and there was no big policy announcement but they were told they would be coming in the spending review later. his levelling up spending review later. his levelling up agenda will mean for this country is opportunity, he said. you will find talent all over this country, all of it evenly

distributed, but opportunity is not. it is our mission as conservatives to promote opportunity with every tool we have. we are announcing a levelling a premium of up to £3000 to send the best maths and science teachers to the places they need the most. 4,000,000 british people on the lowest income lost pounds a year. and universal credit payments. there is challenges in the supply system, shortages of the pump, how do we reconcile that with the mood of the prime minister today? i with the mood of the prime minister toda ? ~ ., �* , with the mood of the prime minister toda ? ~ . v . , today? i think that's really interesting _ today? i think that's really interesting point - today? i think that's really interesting point that - today? i think that's really interesting point that cuts| today? i think that's really i interesting point that cuts to today? i think that's really - interesting point that cuts to the heart of this different perception that the speeches had. for some people, this was a textbook boris johnson speech, charismatic, optimistic but critics say a little bit thin on detail or actual policy. as we touched on earlier, a lot of the speech focused on levelling up two word phrase, those of the of the

heart of his 2019 general election campaign and under pressure with the last minister to talk about what levelling up really is and also, how is it different to what other successive governments are promised in the past, things like regional and equality in improving education, tackling crime something that other governments of promised and it's been attached to a whole range of policies throughout this conservative party conference, there is even a point to where levelling up is even a point to where levelling up tennis courts around the uk from the new culture secretary. but the prime minister did spell out a little bit more about what he understands by the term, he talked about things about boosting transport, infrastructure, connectivity and also addressing regional inequality in tackling crime and improving education as well. as you've touched on there, this is against the backdrop of issues like the £20 uplift universal credit being scrapped today as well,

advising energy bills, fears on rising inflation in the cost—of—living more generally. i think the reception is really quite a mixed one. senior tories, including some ministers have been pretty buoyant about the optimism of the speech characterising it as 2019 boris back in his campaigning element but there's been some critics of this too. people like the cbi, the confederation of british industry. saying that this was ambition, just ambition of boosting wages is not going into the specific details and the usual quite favourable daily mail talking about the speech being rambling and packed with jokes, the speech being rambling and packed withjokes, but devoid of the speech being rambling and packed with jokes, but devoid of new policy. so a mixed perception of this, a point of the prime minister touched on as what was his desire to move from her move to a high skilled, high wage economy away from an economy reliant on cheaper foreign labour and this is what they

been rolling out quite a lot over the last couple of days, particularly in response to voices from retail and hospitality sectors have been quite critical of the government in the last couple of days overstep shortages, food shortages, drivershortages, days overstep shortages, food shortages, driver shortages, saying they need more flexibility to common things like this to try and address some of the shortages that they are seeing post brexit impulse covid—19 which are leading to things like the of petrol at certain pumps and the reception will be mixed and ministers, senior tories happy with the way the speech went, the real testament of this is the pleasures, are the vague promises around levelling up and will they be enough to assure people with the bills with the cost of living in the month and winters ahead.— winters ahead. lets speak to the centre. winters ahead. lets speak to the centre- the _ winters ahead. lets speak to the centre. the think _ winters ahead. lets speak to the centre. the think tank _ winters ahead. lets speak to the centre. the think tank that - winters ahead. lets speak to the centre. the think tank that talks | centre. the think tank that talks about how you improve the economies of uk cities. levelling up has been

the cornerstone of the domestic policy for some time. did we get some ideas of what it is indeed the people know what it means? we received a _ people know what it means? - received a few more hints for the last couple of days from what generally they think it's about in the prime minister was clearer about the prime minister was clearer about the fact that it is about trying to pull off certain parts of the country outside of the greater southeast. we have not got the detail as your correspondent was just telling us there. we are waiting still until the paper on levelling up gets released later this month and in terms of what people understand by it. suggesting that over 60% of people did not know what it was, i think the bbc did a conference about what levelling up is got many different answers. a lot of confusion around that phrase, what does it mean and what is the detail underneath it. you

what does it mean and what is the detail underneath it.— detail underneath it. you wrote a re ort in detail underneath it. you wrote a report in which _ detail underneath it. you wrote a report in which you _ detail underneath it. you wrote a report in which you found - detail underneath it. you wrote a report in which you found closing j report in which you found closing the north—south divide will require spending and investment on the scale of german reunification which was around e2,000,000,000,000. clearly, we are going to see what spending is and what the plans are in terms of the spending review that is coming in a few months�* time. did germany do it right and is there a model to copy their? the do it right and is there a model to «my their?— copy their? the prime minister suddenly think _ copy their? the prime minister suddenly think so. _ copy their? the prime minister suddenly think so. when - copy their? the prime minister suddenly think so. when he . copy their? the prime minister| suddenly think so. when he did copy their? the prime minister - suddenly think so. when he did his speech, he cited the journey together of germany.- together of germany. there reunification. _ together of germany. there reunification. but _ together of germany. there reunification. but we - together of germany. there reunification. but we have l together of germany. there - reunification. but we have seen 30 ears on reunification. but we have seen 30 years on is — reunification. but we have seen 30 years on is that — reunification. but we have seen 30 years on is that yes, _ reunification. but we have seen 30 years on is that yes, the _ reunification. but we have seen 30j years on is that yes, the difference is narrower, but the gap is still there but we also know is that they did spend e2,000,000,000,000 to get

close to where they are today. that is not to say that we need to spend and exact e2,000,000,000,000 in the uk to close the gaps, but we are talking about different circumstances. it does tell us that we need to spend a significant amount of money and just to give us amount of money and just to give us a yardstick. so far we�*ve been talking about with levelling up, we�*ve had to things like the levelling of the fund which is around £5,000,000 and £5,000,000,000 compared to £1,000,000,000,000 shows that we are in quite a different space at the moment and we�*re going to use that yardstick for when we see the announcements coming up hopefully in the next couple of weeks and what does that make him to look like. new funds sound fantastic but the money attach was very small and we are to be questioning about how much of an impact it�*s going to have. some of how much of an impact it's going to have- some 0— how much of an impact it's going to have. some 0 have. some of some of the school can be oruanic have. some of some of the school can be organic but — have. some of some of the school can be organic but how— have. some of some of the school can be organic but how do _ have. some of some of the school can be organic but how do you think- have. some of some of the school can be organic but how do you think you i

be organic but how do you think you create a high wage economy was yellow first off, i think if you do not do anything else. we tackle skills. he not do anything else. we tackle skills. ., not do anything else. we tackle skills. . ., ., ., . skills. he made an announcement about the premium _ skills. he made an announcement about the premium of— skills. he made an announcement about the premium of wages - skills. he made an announcement about the premium of wages in i about the premium of wages in certain parts of the country dealing with some of that and also if are going to attract some businesses to certain parts of the country, those businesses have to be sure that they�*re going to get the workers that they need. if you do not have the skills there, that is a fundamental problem that the middle of the face for many decades. i think from different parts of the economy play in the national economy as well. you should not be promising through going to be bringing out many thousands of high—paying jobs to the rural west of wales and i will have to focus on some of the bigger places in particular and what we seen as a birmingham, manchester and glasgow are well below their weight compared to other counterparts in the big reason why

we see that in the uk, could also see the western european counterparts is because of this underperformance of these places in the emphasis has to be on fixing the economy fixing manchester and glasgow to bring prosperity not only to glasgow, but also the many millions of people who were around them as well. but mike thank you very much for being with us. some extraordinary _ very much for being with us. some extraordinary details _ very much for being with us. some extraordinary details involving - very much for being with us. some extraordinary details involving the ruler of dubai. he authorised the hacking of his ex—wife�*s phone and those of the legal team around her during a bitter custody battle over their children. he said it made her feel haunted. jake has denied any involvement. 0ur security correspondent is with us. set the scene. where are they in court? what is the general story around this and how did they come to know about the hacking? the how did they come to know about the hackin: ? , . , , how did they come to know about the hackinu? , . ,, ,

hacking? the princess is the dau~hter hacking? the princess is the daughter of— hacking? the princess is the daughter of the _ hacking? the princess is the daughter of the late - hacking? the princess is the daughter of the late king - hacking? the princess is the daughter of the late king in | hacking? the princess is the i daughter of the late king in the hacking? the princess is the - daughter of the late king in the six wife and the ruler of dubai. and they felt about two or three years ago. fled to britain in april 2019 with her two children in fearfor life, and she said she discovered what it to two of his doctors. and both of them decide that they had been abducted and rendered back to the bite on the orders of sheikh mohammed. and so, she began this custody battle and for both of the children, that is what this case is about. during this custody battle in court, it emerged that last summer, on the orders, this is the court finding. 0n the orders of sheikh mohammed, his agents hacked into the

mobile phones of a lawmaker who is princess, the head of her legal team and several of your security team using pegasus software, spyware that was sold by the group in israel to the uae. sheikh mohammed of dubai denies all of this, he says that he continues to deny these allegations and that the findings are not based on fair hearings and anyhow, he is unable to discuss the security and intelligence apparatus of the uae, but it�*s quite embarrassing for him. he was in the process of buying a house close by and she was worried about that because he might be too close to her in the abductor or the children. and it�*s in that period where that software suddenly appeared on the phones. how did they

come to know was there? the property that she has — come to know was there? the property that she has is — come to know was there? the property that she has is very _ come to know was there? the property that she has is very close _ come to know was there? the property that she has is very close to _ come to know was there? the property that she has is very close to what - that she has is very close to what he wanted to buy. and when she found out her phone had been hacked, this appalled her and she was saying that it�*s that she is in the terrible game of life and death and seeks answers about property purchases, hackers work with her communications. and the wife of former british prime minister tony blair is a human rights adviser to the n50 blair is a human rights adviser to the nso group in israel. she got a call in the fifth of august last year from a senior board call in the fifth of august last yearfrom a senior board member of n50, yearfrom a senior board member of nso, alerting her that their software had been misused and that she needed to warn the baroness that her computer may be infected. and after lengthy investigations by cyber experts coming from the other

side of the atlantic, the phones were examined and found to contain this spyware. this stuff is the kind of cyber equivalent of absolutely lethal. if an infection or phone, first of all, you will not know it�*s there, it can download and extract every single thing you�*ve ever done on the phone, your phone, messages, your whatsapp messages, your contacts, your calendar, your bank details of you even knowing it and thatis details of you even knowing it and that is what is happened in this particular case. they have a very strict policy on this and only sell to legitimate governments and it�*s to legitimate governments and it�*s to stop criminals and terrorists, so this is clearly what they call an abuse of power. and he has denied allegations and there�*s a paradox here and at the forefront, the driving force of incredibly

successful city, dubai, possibly the most successful city in modern history in the middle east who has opened up the economy and has been the driving force behind so many things and yet, the picture that is emerging from the high court is of an autocratic ruler who is abusing and oppressing the female members of his family. and oppressing the female members of his famil . ., ~ and oppressing the female members of his famil . ., ,, i. ., and oppressing the female members of hisfamil. ., ,, ., , his family. thank you. good to see ou. to his family. thank you. good to see yom to stay _ his family. thank you. good to see you. to stay with _ his family. thank you. good to see you. to stay with us _ his family. thank you. good to see you. to stay with us here - his family. thank you. good to see you. to stay with us here in - his family. thank you. good to see you. to stay with us here in bbc. you. to stay with us here in bbc news. a break in the globalfight against malaria is a new vaccine is approved. beginning beginning investigation, our correspondent is there now. didn�*t have thousand women passed through these homes between 1922 when the last one closed and many spent time in mind these areas

essentially where women often worked long exhausting hours with no pay. the report was published by the government to design a state inquiry and they recommended a public inquiry with extensive legal powers but in the last hours, they have announced their starting a criminal inquiry focused on these institutions. the police say they are going to be looking into allegations of physical and sexual abuse they�*ll be carried out by specialist officers, trained to deal with cases of historical abuse. ih with cases of historical abuse. in less than two weeks, the biggest economy on earth will run out of money unless the us congress votes to raise the debt ceiling and that would allow the us treasury to borrow more money to service its debts. the default will be

catastrophic for all of us and no one in the senate wants that to happen but as with everything in america, it is caught up in the deep political divide and there is no sign of resolution. the republicans and senate minority leader said that despite the party running up the dead, they will not vote to raise the ceiling. it is the responsibility of the majority. we have known for three months that show boats like this would go nowhere. not only will republicans not vote for the bill, they�*re threatening to filibuster it and any attempt by the democrats to pass at. the republicans can simply get out of the _ the republicans can simply get out of the way— the republicans can simply get out of the way and we can agree to skip the filibuster vote so we can proceed _ the filibuster vote so we can proceed to final passage of this bill. ., proceed to final passage of this bill. . , proceed to final passage of this bill. . ._ , , .., bill. there are three ways this can ha en. bill. there are three ways this can happen- the _ bill. there are three ways this can happen. the senate _ bill. there are three ways this can happen. the senate could - bill. there are three ways this can happen. the senate could vote i bill. there are three ways this can i happen. the senate could vote across parties to raise the debt ceiling which would require 60 votes but republicans say they will block it. they could pass legislation with a

simple majority. 50 plus one none is reconciliation, but it is time—consuming and only takes one republican senator to force a filibuster that would require 60 votes. democrats and are considering a nuclear option a one—time change to senate rules to prevent republicans triggering a filibuster when they are voting the debt limit thatis when they are voting the debt limit that is never been done before. it could change senate rules forever. a row over the debt limit could change american politics as we know it. but here is a view of the former senator. here is a view of the former senator-— here is a view of the former senator. �* .. ,., , ., senator. america savings on the line, the american _ senator. america savings on the line, the american people, i senator. america savings on the line, the american people, your| line, the american people, your savings, your pocketbook are directly impacted by the stunt. it doesn�*t have to be this way. our republican friends need to stop playing russian roulette with the us economy. if they don�*t want to do thejob, just get economy. if they don�*t want to do the job, just get out of the way. we�*ll take the heat and will do it. we�*ll take the heat and will do it. we will do it. let us do it. ihlice

we'll take the heat and will do it. we will do it. let us do it. nice to see ou. we will do it. let us do it. nice to see yom 50. _ we will do it. let us do it. nice to see you. so, what _ we will do it. let us do it. nice to see you. so, what next? - we will do it. let us do it. nice to see you. so, what next? there'sl we will do it. let us do it. nice to | see you. so, what next? there's a lot of moving _ see you. so, what next? there's a lot of moving pieces _ see you. so, what next? there's a lot of moving pieces even - see you. so, what next? there's a lot of moving pieces even as we i lot of moving pieces even as we speak there�*s going to be a test vote today and it�*s expected to fail. at the same time, mitch mcconnell came forward and offered an escape hatch for democrats saying that he would get out of the way as we just signed the clip, until december. but, there�*s a lot of negatives there too. democrats are already, they�*re still discussing this but democrats are dismissing this but democrats are dismissing this and saying all this does is pushit this and saying all this does is push it off and makes us tick all the heat. so, there�*s a lot of moving pieces right now and what the white house is trying to do is really ramp up the pressure on republicans and saying look, this is already creating instability in our

markets and they�*ve been very aggressive, accusing republicans of, quote, spending like drunken sailors under the trump administration and now trying to block something that they did several times and in the interest of stabilising the economy, democrats joined interest of stabilising the economy, democratsjoined in interest of stabilising the economy, democrats joined in at the time and so, it�*s very messy situation and there�*s not a lot of time and there�*s not a lot of time and there�*s increasing worry across the economy. there's increasing worry across the econom . . ~ , there's increasing worry across the econom. . ~ , ., there's increasing worry across the econom . . ~ , ., .,~ ., economy. the markets have taken a hit in the last— economy. the markets have taken a hit in the last week _ economy. the markets have taken a hit in the last week and _ economy. the markets have taken a hit in the last week and there's i economy. the markets have taken a hit in the last week and there's no i hit in the last week and there�*s no question about that. explain to people. the midterm elections are around the corner and the democrats want the republicans on the record as raising the debt that they ran up. how did they do that without crushing the economy? admission because i point to full for this

they�*re going to try to filibuster every attempt to pass this vote, how does it get resolved? that quick cli and does it get resolved? that quick clip and explanation _ does it get resolved? that quick clip and explanation indicates i does it get resolved? that quick. clip and explanation indicates that he would be willing to do which is a one time curve out of the filibuster, getting around that 60 vote requirement if republicans try. if they do that, then furthermore, the republicans when they are empowered to give her the filibuster.— empowered to give her the filibuster. . , ., �* , , filibuster. certainly, that's why there's been _ filibuster. certainly, that's why there's been a _ filibuster. certainly, that's why there's been a lot _ filibuster. certainly, that's why there's been a lot of _ filibuster. certainly, that's why j there's been a lot of resistance filibuster. certainly, that's why i there's been a lot of resistance and there�*s been a lot of resistance and questions about, you need single senator and the western senator who�*s been holding up a lot of bidens agenda trying to moderate a lot of these issues he has very strong opinions on this. if ceos and the four meeting virtually in talking with him about the urgency

here and they�*ve never gotten this close and they cannot get any closer. democrats argued if there is a time for this kind of emergency, it�*s now and it would destabilise potentially the global economy. thank you for being with us. millions of children will be vaccinated against malaria when the vaccine is rolled out across the continent. hundreds of thousands of children under the age of five died africa from malaria, a disease that is transmitted infected mosquitoes. this is a milestone in public health. after decades of research and trials, this one in kenya, at last a vaccine against one of the world�*s deadliest infections — malaria. the disease is spread by mosquitoes, which are infected with the malaria parasite. this triggers fever, and in severe cases, organ failure. the world health organization said

the vaccine would now be widely rolled out across africa. this long awaited malaria vaccine is a breakthrough for science, child health and malaria control. using this vaccine in addition to existing tools to prevent malaria could save tens of thousands of young lives each year. malaria is a global threat, but around 95% of deaths are in sub—saharan africa. every year, more than a quarter of a million african children under the age of five die from malaria. that is one child every two minutes. for more than 30 years, the british pharma giant gsk has been working on a vaccine. and since 2019, more than 800,000 children in ghana, kenya and malawi have been immunised. trials have shown that it cuts cases of malaria by a0%,

and those of severe malaria by 30%. but it requires four doses, and further booster shots may be required as immunity wanes over time. where there is darkness there is also light, we heard the pet bird that belonged to a girl that lived in afghanistan has been adopted by a man in abu dhabi. the girl was prevented from taking get to a flight to france. it has not been the easiest transition but the ambassador tells us that it does not particularly like men. and it also trashed his car, b is supporting his promise to look after this bird. and now lives in the residence and after days of coaching, it is beginning to act and even learning to tweet

bongiorno. some areas we had seen the heavier persistent rain had a beautiful day with some sunny spells and a dry story and feeling pleasantly warm. former still of the next couple of days, average temperatures this time of year around the mid—teens by friday we�*re likely to see temperatures peaking at around 21 c. so, at least a good 5 of where they should be at the time of year. one of the reasons is this weather front is going to bring some cloud and rain to the northwest, but it is striving in warmer air with the south—westerly field of wind direction and you really will notice the difference

when you step outside first thing in the morning. the cloudy start to thursday with a little bit of drizzle around and yes, the persistent rain from the weather front affecting parts of southern and western scotland and northern ireland as well. it is for, the cloud should break up we should see some glimpses of sunshine and a pleasant afternoon for many, compared to the weather earlier on in the week with temperatures peaking at 20 at 68 f. now, fog could be an issue first thing friday morning across central and southern areas that will slowly lift into low cloud and that low cloud should again start to break up with some sunshine to come through on friday at our weatherfront sunshine to come through on friday at our weather front not moving very far very fast, still producing some relentless rain across northern ireland and western scotland but still relatively warm field to the east of scotland, 19 or 20 we�*re likely to see 21 somewhere, that is 70 f. as you move into the weekend, that weather gradually meanders its way steadily south and east and so it will start to bring a change but

it will start to bring a change but it is a slow process and ahead of it again, drive set up with some sunshine and once again some warmth. behind it it is starting to show some signs of a change, slightly fresherfeel some signs of a change, slightly fresher feel from the mid—teens for the far northwest of scotland. we could still see this temperature is 19 or 20 could still see this temperature is 19 or20 not could still see this temperature is 19 or 20 not out of the question. it will take it�*s time to clear away and once it does so, it will allow for cooler air source is the winston sorrento northwesterly and it really will notice the difference to the feel of the weather is a go to the week ahead. starting of promising be getting noticeably cooler but still fairly dry.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers here in the uk and around the world. forget the fuel crisis and the labour shortages — borisjohnson tells his party conference the future is bright. britain, he says, will become a high skilled, high wage economy. in a leaked secret cable, the cia admits dozens of informants around the world have been intercepted or killed. some of them, it says, have been turned into double agents. the south pole posts its coldest winter on record despite the warming climate everywhere else in the world. and a british and a german scientist share the nobel prize for chemistry. we�*ll speak live to professor david mcmillan later in the programme. counterintelligence officials in the us have sent an extraordinary

warning to all of the cia�*s global stations, concerning the number of informants who are being captured and killed. the message, originating from an unusual top—secret cable, said that the agency�*s counterintelligence centre had looked at dozens of cases in the last several years involving foreign informants who had been executed, arrested or most likely compromised. let�*s bring in the former cia operative lindsay moran. good to see you. you ever heard of a memo like this being circulated? this is highly unusual. within the cia, all information is pretty much on a need to know basis, and what is so surprising about this memo is that the level of detail. those kind of numbers, precise numbers of agency

might�*ve been compromised or who were double agents or who were executed, that is the kind of information that would be tightly held within the cia, let alone sent out as a global cable to all stations throughout the world, so i find it very surprising. the contents of the memo are not particular surprising to me, but the fact that it was put down in writing and sent so widely within the cia is surprising and that it was leaked. but what stands out, and this must be concerned for the agency, is there not —— they are not talk to one particular area of the country, this is across the globe. to particular area of the country, this is across the globe.— is across the globe. to be clear, double agents _ is across the globe. to be clear, double agents are _ is across the globe. to be clear, double agents are not _ is across the globe. to be clear, double agents are not a - is across the globe. to be clear, double agents are not a new. is across the globe. to be clear, i double agents are not a new thing, and a compromised agents and shoddy agents are not a new thing. in fact, they are quite common. and part of they are quite common. and part of the problem is really internal to the problem is really internal to the cia itself, and that is, when you are a cia case officer,

operations officer as i was, your career progression hinges almost entirely on the number of scalps you are able to get, and when i say scalps, i mean the number of recruited assets, the number of sources you are able to recruit and get on the cia payroll. and there has for many decades, and increasingly recently, been an emphasis on quantity over quality. that is, the quality of the information, the quality of the source is less importance to the individual officer, and the fact out less important to the agency, and as long as you have that paradigm and that culture, there are good to be case officers recruiting shoddy agents —— de facto. not performing due diligence or betting their agents. 0r due diligence or betting their agents. or even if they suspect may be their agent is a double agent or on the payroll of several different governments, they are not could let

that onto headquarters, because you don�*t get anywhere in your career forfinding counter don�*t get anywhere in your career for finding counter intelligence problems with their own sources, units or in your career at the cia by getting as many recruited assets as you can. by getting as many recruited assets as ou can. , ., by getting as many recruited assets as oucan. _, , as you can. there is a problem, clearl , as you can. there is a problem, clearly. than — as you can. there is a problem, clearly, than with _ as you can. there is a problem, clearly, than with recruitment, | as you can. there is a problem, i clearly, than with recruitment, with training, with tactics. is there also a problem that the countries the cia is now focusing on, and you think of russia, china, iran — they have thousands of people working digitally to undermine the united states. i imagine when you began as an agent, you would travel with documents, fake documents, they passwords, whatever, or that is how it is portrayed. now when you go into a country, it is a retina scan, fingerprinting, you�*re easily tracked. is that a part of the problem, that the game has changed so substantially over recent years? you are absolutely right, the game has changed significantly. it is almost impossible to travel in alias

now and that does notjust impact the cia officers, but it impacts all of the sources and the agents on the ground. it is easierfor their governments to track them, to potentially figure out if they are working for the cia and the consequences are serious. the best option is probably to become a double agent, because otherwise you�*re going to become arrested and spend your life in prison or be executed, so advance in technology and advances in technology, like biometrics and the surveillance state that we all live in increasingly, makes it much harder to conduct safe and secure what we call human intelligence and human operations. that is very much a problem external to the cia. i think what we are seeing now is the internal problems within the cia coming up against these various external problems, another one is that we have increasingly over the years focused on covert operations and care

— para —— para military operations, and there is a bit of a lost art of espionage and human intelligence, so all of this is coming together to make thejob of all of this is coming together to make the job of collecting human intelligence and running sources much more difficult. so interesting. and really interesting _ much more difficult. so interesting. and really interesting to _ much more difficult. so interesting. and really interesting to hear i much more difficult. so interesting. and really interesting to hear your. and really interesting to hear your experience of it as well. lindsay moran, thanks very much for coming on a. ., moran, thanks very much for coming on a. . ., ., 20 years ago tomorrow, the united states began launching air strikes on al-qaeda and the taliban in afghanistan in response to the 9/11 attacks. and for military families who have lost loved ones in the conflict, it will be a moment for reflection. private conrad lewis was killed in helmand in 2011. fergal keane has been to meet his parents to hear their thoughts on the taliban takeover in afghanistan. that other country, the place that took their son is always with them. and they were watching when the end came. gunshots in panic stricken,

humiliating defeat. the shambles that happened at the end is incredible. i don�*t know how western powers with ourjoint pedigree and history and military might could actually let that happen. all those poor people who were hoping to get out, get to the west somewhere, amd just snatched away at the last minute. just terribly sad, terribly sad. conrad was sandi and tony�*s oldest child. at the age of 22, he was the 353rd british soldier to be killed in afghanistan. what would conrad have thought of it, do you think? he would have been quite angry at the situation. i think he and quite a few of the other soldiers that i know from that time,

they�*re sort of contemplating what they actually achieved as opposed to what they didn�*t achieve. you know, they achieved 20 years of hope for people out there. it�*s for others who have destroyed that at the end. seven years ago, we went with tony lewis to afghanistan. for him, a journey in search of meaning and, every day, a reminder of loss. didn�*t know it was here. bloody hell, son. tony visited a school. back then, girls of all ages could attend. there were 4,000 here, many with big ambitions. i want to be a really good doctor in the future. how utterly brilliant was she? her english skills, her ambitions. she just wants to live,

become a doctor. back in warwickshire, we had news of the school for the lewises. when a bbc reporter visited this week, he found only girls up to the age of 12 are allowed to attend. and numbers going to school there have halved. it�*s a ludicrous state of affairs. and, again, you are taking people up to a certain age and then snatching that opportunity away from them. how are they going to rebuild the country when all the girls are educated to just one level? that word, afghanistan, what does it mean to you? waste comes to mind, doesn't it? waste of lives, waste of money, waste of time. but you just have to hope that somewhere in all that is the the afghan people are strong enough to get over it somehow. how much longer that will take, who knows?

the lewises say conrad died fighting for what he believed in. but they also know now what it is to raise a child, to see them through the joy and challenge of life and then to see them changed by war, lost to war. fergal keane, bbc news. such a painful anniversary tomorrow for the lewises and veterans and their families. for the lewises and veterans and theirfamilies. plenty of things to process. more on our website. antartica is one of the coldest places on earth, but these past six months, the south pole has been particularly cold, which might surprise you. because elsewhere, as we have well documented on this programme, the northern hemisphere has been sweltering in seering temperatures. in fact, july through august were some of the hottest weeks on record. and yet further south contrary to what we have been warned about the ice sheets, they were expanding in size to fifth

highest level recorded. so what is going on? i�*m joined now by matthew lazara, a professor at madison college and senior scientist at university of wisconsin—madison. thanks very much for being with us. what is going on? why has it been so cold? , , ., what is going on? why has it been so cold? , , . , what is going on? why has it been so cold? , _, , ., what is going on? why has it been so cold? , _, ., ., , cold? this is a case of, really, whether that _ cold? this is a case of, really, whether that has _ cold? this is a case of, really, whether that has been - cold? this is a case of, really, whether that has been going l cold? this is a case of, really, l whether that has been going on there, not so much climate like we think of it. this particular past several months, we have seen conditions — you have probably heard of el nino and la nina — it has been a la nina situation but we have a likely situation where we give the south bulk order conditions, and so thatis south bulk order conditions, and so that is what is taking place here, allowing us to have their wintertime to be colder than normal and the record that we have seen take place. i have been reading about this polar vortex, which is twirling around antarctica. these are the high winds which are pushing the temperatures downwards. it is screeching and its ordinary phenomenon as well with the ozone layer. ordinary phenomenon as well with the ozone la er. ., ordinary phenomenon as well with the ozone la er. . , .,

ozone layer. yeah, there is a connexion — ozone layer. yeah, there is a connexion -- _ ozone layer. yeah, there is a connexion -- creating - ozone layer. yeah, there is a connexion -- creating an i connexion —— creating an extraordinary. the ozone layer is going through, in essence, recovery. there is going to be change that takes place. we do see variability in that and it is something that would take a while to see transition from what we have been really getting used to since the 1980s, that loss of ozone, and therefore different construction in the way the impact of the winds at the top of the troposphere... the the impact of the winds at the top of the troposphere. . ._ of the troposphere... the sheets are expanding- — of the troposphere... the sheets are expanding- their _ of the troposphere... the sheets are expanding. they are _ of the troposphere... the sheets are expanding. they are reflecting i expanding. they are reflecting sunlight. is that good news? sch expanding. they are reflecting sunlight. is that good news? son is only started — sunlight. is that good news? son is only started to _ sunlight. is that good news? son is only started to get _ sunlight. is that good news? son is only started to get up _ sunlight. is that good news? son is only started to get up there - sunlight. is that good news? son is only started to get up there now, i sunlight. is that good news? son is only started to get up there now, it has been this whole other time, the actual main continent has not seen... the expansion of sea ice around there, sure, but we are seeing a lot of variability in that too, and that�*s one of the interesting thing antarctica has been teaching us, how much internal

variation there is in it. studying seeing larger changes going on in the pacific? the seeing larger changes going on in the pacific?— the pacific? the architects are... that huge _ the pacific? the architects are... that huge variation _ the pacific? the architects are... that huge variation to _ the pacific? the architects are... i that huge variation to interpreters, what —— and temperatures, what is that? it what -- and temperatures, what is that? , ., ., ., , that? it is done after the controls on temperature _ that? it is done after the controls on temperature are _ that? it is done after the controls on temperature are seen - that? it is done after the controls on temperature are seen in i on temperature are seen in antarctica. i love teaching my students, you hear about antarctica being cut off from the restaurant because it�*s run by ocean, so therefore, as we mentioned, the polar vortex allows the air to get semite chapte in there and it cools off more. that allows more of the energy to escape to space. and then, yes, the continent goes right down

to the coastline, into the marine regions where you do get some warming, and some of the warmer spots we have been seeing, though spots we have been seeing, though spots a bit further north, these are some the places that are experiencing warmer weather and they are enhanced by local phenomena like downslope winds that come from some of the higher elevations, as the air goes down because it warms up, and that aids in increasing the temperatures on top of it. it is indeed a land of extremes. that temperatures on top of it. it is indeed a land of extremes. at its lowest, it indeed a land of extremes. at its lowest. it got _ indeed a land of extremes. at its lowest, it got to _ indeed a land of extremes. at its lowest, it got to -80 _ indeed a land of extremes. at its lowest, it got to -80 celsius i indeed a land of extremes. at its lowest, it got to -80 celsius - i indeed a land of extremes. at its i lowest, it got to -80 celsius - i am lowest, it got to —80 celsius — i am thinking of those poor emperor penguins, all of this huddled on the ice. are there any people there through the winter? has anybody stayed behind to the winter? absolutely. forthe stayed behind to the winter? absolutely. for the united states, in our programme, we have people located at the southpaw through the winter and actually conducting some

research. same for the us station, the palmer station, and even the uk, their stations as well, they continue to have folks who continue to do work, believe it or not.- to do work, believe it or not. yeah, fascinating- — to do work, believe it or not. yeah, fascinating. matthew _ to do work, believe it or not. yeah, fascinating. matthew lazara, i to do work, believe it or not. yeah, fascinating. matthew lazara, thank| fascinating. matthew lazara, thank you so much for explaining all that to us. stay with us on bbc news. in just a moment, we�*ll be speaking to one of the winners of the nobel prize for chemistry. to one of the winners stay to one of the winners with us for that. it was a relative of the t rex, but it was the size of a chicken. researchers at the natural history museum have identified fossils of what they believe is the oldest meat—eating dinosaur in the uk. the fragments were found in a welsh quarry more than half a century ago, but they�*ve onlyjust come to light again as our correspondent hywel griffith explains. it�*s the closest wales has ever had to a real life dragon — the metre—long, meat—eating theropod

christened pendraig, or chief dragon. and this is what remains. a hip and thigh bone lost for years in the natural history museum�*s collection until they were recovered from the wrong drawer and everything fell into place. this is one of the oldest dinosaurs from the uk and the oldest known meat—eating dinosaurfrom the uk. this period was when dinosaurs first started evolving. so, dinosaurs are very famous from later days, in thejurassic and the cretaceous, when they really dominated the world, but in this time period, at the end of the triassic, they were only one of several reptile groups. the fossils were found over 60 years ago at this site in south wales, not by palaeontologists but by quarrymen as they blasted off the limestone wall behind me. it has taken decades to realise just how significant their find was. they were all quite small, only about 50 centimetres tall or so. cindy�*s documented discoveries around the vale of glamorgan. there were dinosaurs

here 200 million years ago. we do have footprints from a few larger ones, so we know there were a few larger dinosaurs, but we have very few remains of those. most of what we are finding are these very tiny dinosaurs. small in scale but huge in significance. pendraig�*s relatives could also be hidden in these rocks, waiting to be unearthed. hywel griffith, bbc news, in the vale of glamorgan. scientists believe they can explain why some people who catch covid develop chilblain—like lesions on their toes and even fingers. "covid toe" appears to be a side effect of the body switching into attack mode to fight off the virus. they hope the finding will help patients and doctors better understand the condition. 0ur health correspondent catherine burns reports on what can be a painful

and unpleasant condition. a year ago, sofia loved dancing, but she developed covid toe. now the 13—year—old struggles to stand up for long, and needs a wheelchair if she is going far. she spoke to the bbc in the summer. my feet swell up and i get blisters all over them. the doctors never really said how long they think it�*s going to last for. so i�*m not really sure and i�*m quite scared, to be honest, because i don�*t know if i�*ll be able to do the things that i like to do. painful blisters, red or purple skin, raised bumps and swelling, covid toe can happen at any age, but is more common in children and teenagers. it tends to last for weeks, often in people who do not have any other covid symptoms. researchers in paris did blood and skin tests on 50 patients with suspected covid toe, and now they think they know why some people get this.

the theory is it�*s a side effect of the body going into attack mode to fight the virus but mistakenly targeting other cells as well. children and young adults are able to produce a chemical called interferon, and it is this being released in large quantities which has the effect of dampening the viral infection, and one of the side—effects of this massive release of interferon into the system is that within a few days the sufferer then ends up with chilblains. chilblains are small, itchy swellings on the skin, often toes and heels. they�*re usually linked to cold weather, and often go away on their own. you can do a few things that can help them along. wearing woollen and cotton socks, keeping the feet warm. in some cases, you can use blood pressure tablets which can improve the circulation. covid toe seems to be less common now than in the first wave, it�*s thought people are less likely to get it if they have been vaccinated.

catherine burns, bbc news. a scottish scientist will share this year�*s nobel prize in chemistry. professor david mcmillan won the award along with benjamin list from germany for their development of an "ingenious tool" for building molecules. i�*m joined by professor david mcmillan, originally from glasgow, who now teaches at princeton university. professor, winner of the nobel prize — how does that feel? it is professor, winner of the nobel prize - how does that feel?— - how does that feel? it is surreal, to be honest _ - how does that feel? it is surreal, to be honest with _ - how does that feel? it is surreal, to be honest with you, _ - how does that feel? it is surreal, to be honest with you, but - to be honest with you, but obviously, incredible happy, very much elected. dazed and confused, really. much elected. dazed and confused, reall . , much elected. dazed and confused, reall. ., ., .,, ., really. many congratulations. i have been uuite really. many congratulations. i have been quite nervous _ really. many congratulations. i have been quite nervous about _ really. many congratulations. i have been quite nervous about this i been quite nervous about this interview, if i am honest, because i flunked chemistry, so you�*re going have to be gentle with me, but as i understand it your research is to do with molecules, so let�*s start at the beginning. molecules being the smallest unit of a chemical compound, is each molecule different?—

compound, is each molecule different? . �* , , , different? yeah, let's put it this wa , different? yeah, let's put it this way. there _ different? yeah, let's put it this way. there is— different? yeah, let's put it this way, there is billions _ different? yeah, let's put it this way, there is billions if- different? yeah, let's put it this way, there is billions if not i way, there is billions if not billions of different tiny molecules, so, yeah, the universe is just filled with different molecules. 50 just filled with different molecules.— just filled with different molecules. , ., . molecules. so in your research, you have created _ molecules. so in your research, you have created asymmetrical - molecules. so in your research, you i have created asymmetrical molecules. why do we need that? explain that to me, first of all. it why do we need that? explain that to me. first of all-— me, first of all. it turns out, your bod , me, first of all. it turns out, your body. for — me, first of all. it turns out, your body, for example, _ me, first of all. it turns out, your body, for example, is _ me, first of all. it turns out, your body, for example, is made out i me, first of all. it turns out, your| body, for example, is made out of molecules which are asymmetric, it is kind of like alice through the looking glass. it is this one mirror image and not this other mirror image and not this other mirror image your body is made up of. for your body to take medicine,... {ltk your body to take medicine,... ok for some the molecule existing into versions, you only one of those mirror images. it has proven difficult up until your research to recreate the molecule that you want, is that right? it is

recreate the molecule that you want, is that right?— is that right? it is a little bit of it. the is that right? it is a little bit of it- the idea — is that right? it is a little bit of it. the idea of being _ is that right? it is a little bit of it. the idea of being on - is that right? it is a little bit of it. the idea of being on to i is that right? it is a little bit of i it. the idea of being on to make a jamaican mirror image was known before. what we did, we come up with a way of allowing you to do that, make decisions and materials and other things, make decisions and materials and otherthings, but make decisions and materials and other things, but using catalysts that are extremely environment elite benign. they are based on organic molecules, like the medicals in your body, which as you know can exist in the atmosphere, whereas a lot of the countless people it worked with before, or still to this day, our medals which are difficult to work with and can be trickier or toxic to the environment to. to with and can be trickier or toxic to the environment to.— with and can be trickier or toxic to the environment to. to become part ofthe the environment to. to become part of the final product, _ the environment to. to become part of the final product, those _ of the final product, those catalysts?— of the final product, those catalysts? trio. yours is benign? catalysts? no. yours is benign? catal sts catalysts? no. yours is benign? catalysts is _ catalysts? fin. yours is benign? catalysts is this terminology that chemists, we all use, and it basically means a way of making chemical reactions go faster, and every thing around us, everything in your studio, every thing around us, everything in yourstudio, everything every thing around us, everything in your studio, everything in front of

me is made by a chemical reaction. so if you can make chemical reactions go faster, easier or in many ways make new, core reactions, that allows you to get to new medicines, new materials, and what we did was come up with a catalyst that allowed that to happen but are by agreeable, organic, which can exist in this indictment we are sitting on right now. the nobel committee _ sitting on right now. the nobel committee said _ sitting on right now. the nobel committee said he _ sitting on right now. the nobel committee said he would i sitting on right now. the nobel i committee said he would rationalise your findings and the rationalisation was so simple that it was immediately appreciated and understood the scientific community, which makes him feel better, i must say, because clearly there are other scientists that needed walking through this! talk me about the wide—ranging use as you can make of these molecules? what exciting things, look forward to —— and we look forward to? -- and we look forward to? just about every _ —— and we look forward to? jmt about every medicine in —— and we look forward to? just about every medicine in the world right now is an asymmetric molecule, so we are helping scientists around the world discovered uzma —— these new medicines. lots of

these type of millijoules. it is important to able to, with new ways of making them.— of making them. fantastic. this is... of making them. fantastic. this is- -- you _ of making them. fantastic. this is. .. you will— of making them. fantastic. this is... you will have _ of making them. fantastic. this is... you will have to _ of making them. fantastic. this is... you will have to excuse i of making them. fantastic. this| is... you will have to excuse my ignorance here, but do you apply for and develop fries? they spent hours in this building for our awards, have you put it together for this? no, intact, you�*re not allowed to apply for a nobel prize. all the nomination procedure is done anonymously by people in the community, he completely selfless process, and, yeah, i have no idea how that happened, no idea how to place, but obviously incredibly grateful it happened.- place, but obviously incredibly grateful it happened. well, from what i grateful it happened. well, from what i have _ grateful it happened. well, from what i have understood, - grateful it happened. well, from what i have understood, and i. grateful it happened. well, from i what i have understood, and i think i�*ve done fairly well, you deserve it. many congratulations to you, and also to your colleague in germany who has shared the prize with you.

stay with us on bbc news. the ten o�*clock news is coming up with huw edwards. and laura will be here with world news america. hello there. many of us had a fine day on wednesday with some sunshine, temperatures generally quite close to average for the time of year, so for newcastle it got to about 1k degrees celsius. over the next few days, though, it�*s going to get much, much warmer than that, with temperatures quite widely reaching the low 20s through thursday and friday, as well. let�*s take a look at thursday�*s chart first. an area of low pressure, quite a big one, out in the atlantic, going nowhere fast. we�*ve got this weather front that�*s going to be bringing rain to the north—west of the uk, but it�*s also, ahead of that feature, dragging in some very warm air. the wind�*s coming up from quite a long way south, hence those rising temperatures. as well as that, there will be quite a lot of cloud as we start thursday,

probably some drizzle, mist and fog patches in western parts of england and wales, but some heavier bursts of rain for northern ireland and western scotland thanks to this weather front that will continue to wiggle and wave its way across both scotland and northern ireland through the next day or two, bringing pulses of heavy rain, then the rain tending to ease off then we�*ll get a bit more heavier rain running along the front. temperatures in the best of any brighter weather into the low 20s, around six or seven celsius warmer than it should be this time of year. thursday night sees, again, a lot of cloud around, some drizzle, mist and fog patches again forming around the coasts and hills. the rain band perhaps sinking a little bit further southwards, threatening rain into the far north of england for a time in the first part of friday morning, otherwise it�*s another mild night and a mild start again on friday. we may well have some mist and fog patches to start the day across england and wales, and some of these could be quite dense, slow to clear, but eventually breaks in the cloud and a bit of sunshine coming through. at the same time, our same weather front wriggling around scotland and northern ireland will begin to push back northwards. temperatures again very warm

for the time of year, reaching 21 in hull. but with that more persistent rain, it�*ll be about 16 degrees or so. into the weekend, we are going to see another change in the weather as fresher and cooler air moves its way in from the north—west. actually, temperatures will be coming down a bit closer to average for the time of year. it�*s not going to be entirely dry this weekend. we do have this band of rain bringing that change to fresher air. this is a cold front. and that rain will move from scotland and northern ireland into parts of england and wales through saturday afternoon. it�*s behind that that we start to see the weather getting a little bit fresher, temperatures beginning to drop away, and that process really continues for the second half of the weekend, as well. here�*s our cold front, making its way into east anglia and south—east england. not much rain left on that at all. showers for the far north—west, but for many it�*s a decent day, dry and brighter with some sunny spells coming through and a fresher feel to the weather. temperature—wise, we�*re looking at highs of 1a degrees in glasgow, 15 for belfast. still quite warm for parts

of southern england and wales, maybe still into the high teens. now, beyond that, towards the middle part of next week, we�*re going to get a jet stream pattern like this, with a big ridge over the uk. this is going to quieten our weather down. and this is a long wave pattern. these patterns are often very slow to move. what that means is the weather becomes much more settled, there�*ll be a lot of drier weather next week with some bright or sunny spells, probably not very much in the way of rain at all. temperatures getting closer to average for the time of year. the average in london�*s about 1k degrees, so 1a or 15 degrees for much of next week. that�*s your latest weather. bye for now.

tonight at ten, boris johnson�*s dream of a high—wage, high—productivity, low—tax economy. 0n the last day of the conservative conference in manchester, he spoke of remodelling the economy and of levelling up the different parts of the uk. that is the direction in which this country is going now — towards a high wage, high skill, high productivity and, yes, thereby, a low—tax economy. mrjohnson was speaking against the backdrop of rising of rising inflation, a shortage of workers and problems with fuel. gas prices hit a record high today, rising by nearly 40% in a day until president putin of russia promised more supplies. john atkinson, a care worker who died in the manchester arena bombing in 2017, might well have

lived had medical help