yes, we are again, i believe? yes, we are watching _ again, i believe? yes, we are watching prince _ again, i believe? yes, we are watching prince charles - again, i believe? yes, we are watching prince charlesjust l again, i believe? yes, we are - watching prince charlesjust being welcomed, getting ready to make his speech— welcomed, getting ready to make his speech at— welcomed, getting ready to make his speech at the 620 very rare for any member_ speech at the 620 very rare for any member of— speech at the 620 very rare for any member of the royal family to be invited _ member of the royal family to be invited to— member of the royal family to be invited to a 620 and invited to address— invited to a 620 and invited to address world leaders, but he sang clearly _ address world leaders, but he sang clearly of _ address world leaders, but he sang clearly of the political consensus that there is now that there needs to be _ that there is now that there needs to be full— that there is now that there needs to be full mobilisation of all forces, _ to be full mobilisation of all forces, politicaland to be full mobilisation of all forces, political and royal, to be full mobilisation of all forces, politicaland royal, in any case _ forces, politicaland royal, in any case of— forces, politicaland royal, in any case of charles, of course, to try to corral — case of charles, of course, to try to corral world leaders into climate commitments. there was even then, beyond _ commitments. there was even then, beyond the _ commitments. there was even then, beyond the political and royal, the village _ beyond the political and royal, the village just last week with pope francis— village just last week with pope francis here in rome —— the religious _ francis here in rome —— the

religious. stressing the need for this and — religious. stressing the need for this and receiving joe biden. all stops _ this and receiving joe biden. all stops being pulled out from anybody, hi i stops being pulled out from anybody, big names _ stops being pulled out from anybody, big names to try to get agreement on the climate _ big names to try to get agreement on the climate goals in glasgow. prince charles _ the climate goals in glasgow. prince charles expected to talk about how the lives _ charles expected to talk about how the lives of future generations are in your— the lives of future generations are in your hands, addressing 620 leaders — in your hands, addressing 620 leaders and the leaders in glasgow. and he _ leaders and the leaders in glasgow. and he is_ leaders and the leaders in glasgow. and he is expected to say that we can no_ and he is expected to say that we can no longer ignore the despairing voices— can no longer ignore the despairing voices of— can no longer ignore the despairing voices of young people and a dimension at the overwhelming responsibility to generations unborn _ responsibility to generations unborn. as you were saying there, prince _ unborn. as you were saying there, prince charles a committed lifelong environmentalist and he will be in glasgow. — environmentalist and he will be in glasgow, without his mother, of course, — glasgow, without his mother, of course, her majesty the queen who has been _ course, her majesty the queen who has been advised not to travel but to rest— has been advised not to travel but to rest and — has been advised not to travel but to rest and she voiced her disappointment she would not be in glasgow. _ disappointment she would not be in glasgow, but prince charles will be there _ glasgow, but prince charles will be there we — glasgow, but prince charles will be there. we wait to see what prince

charles _ there. we wait to see what prince charles will tell you these are 620 leaders _ charles will tell you these are 620 leaders and a reminder that getting an agreement here in rome is crucial to building _ an agreement here in rome is crucial to building momentum through into glasgow— to building momentum through into glasgow because the members of the 620, glasgow because the members of the 620. the _ glasgow because the members of the 620, the world's largest economies, collectively _ 620, the world's largest economies, collectively produce about 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. that is why prince — greenhouse gas emissions. that is why prince charles has decided to come _ why prince charles has decided to come here — why prince charles has decided to come here to rome to deliver that first intervention before glasgow. cop26 c0 p26 let's co p26 let's bring cop26 let's bring victoria back in. when we look at what the royal family has done recently, you see that intergenerational commitment to tackling climate change because her majesty the queen reportedly said recently she was apparently frustrated at lots of talk and people need to get on and do things and of course prince william, the son of prince charles, has established a prize for innovative ideas and ways of tackling climate

change so the royal family have credentials in addressing world leaders on the subject. i think that is another sign that leaders are starting to walk the talk and the earth shock prize in particular is a snapshot of how our view is shifting. the idea of having a prize specifically for people tackling this issue of climate change is the one thing we need to tackle to basically to save the world and i think the idea, that very premise of this being too slow and too much talk in the pre— meeting in milan greta thunberg refer to it as a lot of blah blah blah and that sense of frustration will come out of this cop26 meeting as well. this is the 26th meeting, this is a decades long

process when signatories came together to tackle this programme and problem and tackle climate change. although it is about putting the promises into clear strategies and see what will happen over the next decade, it is still more of those promises. it is concrete promises but still a lot of people coming round the table to talk and bash out exactly how this happens and how economies decarbonise so we will have to see by its very nature a lot more confidence and to talk before really see these things rolling into action so i think actually it is in the next two years to five years when we see people come back with their report cards and get checked by this whole process and having to deliver on those promises that we see how countries are performing, that is when things will get a lot more concrete. and you can understand when you look at that while protesters here and demonstrators here are expressing their frustrations at the lack of action

and when you look at what is happening around the world this year in terms of climate disasters, jill biden for example is coming here 7 mikejill biden is coming here and people did not expect to drown in their basements in new york after hurricane —joe. the impacts of climate change are clear. we were saying before about looking at what is at stake in this conference and we already live in a 1.1 world, a world about 1.1 we already live in a 1.1 world, a world about1.1 on we already live in a 1.1 world, a world about 1.1 on average compared to preindustrial age temperatures across the world. these things do not play out on a level way and parts of the world suffer much more and feel the impacts of low—lying island nations are suffering huge storm surges and seeing that inundation on the states. sub—saharan africa, economies that have done the least to cause climate

change, suffering the biggest. it is something we are living through and we will not stop climate change. what this process and the stage in the process are about are about limiting it and that is why we will keep reading again and again about 1.5 and decisive action within the next decade. back to mark in rome. want to pick on something you said earlier about how crucial the pre—cop discussions in rome will be in determining the success here. the president of cop26 alok sharma, has said the success of this is make or breakfor cop26. said the success of this is make or break for cop26. the 620 brings together the worlds largest economies and collectively they have produced 80% of gross domestic

product, the total value of goods and services produced. 75% of global trade, 60% of the worlds population, and most importantly for the summit, they produce collectively about 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions. among them you have the big emitters, india, china, saudi arabia, australia, and they are all under pressure to be more ambitious in their carbon reduction targets. some of them have not brought in new targets, some of them have brought in new targets that are too soft, too low, to an ambitious and unless they can be corralled into going further and faster in their carbon and greenhouse gas emission targets, then that goal of the 1.5 cap on global warming will not be achievable. recently, the united

nation climate report found on the current trajectory of the world are set to produce another 16% rise in global greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 2010 and that would lead to global warming of 2.7 which would lead to massively more extreme weather and the low—lying countries in the world would be very much threatened. he would see more of this extreme forest fires and droughts and floods that we have seenin droughts and floods that we have seen in recent months. that is why the soul matters and that is why here in rome it matters. dash—mac thatis here in rome it matters. dash—mac that is why all this matters. this is what prince charles will be seeing as he begins his address. to point out from the pictures you might be seeing, he hasn't started, but he is in the conference centre. the conference centre where he is

speaking is a giant covid vaccination centre during the pandemic and from that image you see how extraordinary this t20 is because it is coming still in the middle of a pandemic and in the middle of a pandemic and in the middle of a climate crisis and to the country that was the first country in the west to be overwhelmed by covid—19. there is hope that by the end of today these highly important leaders can be encouraged to meet words with action and show the glasgow summit where you are that there is a chance of meaningful success in the coming days. thank you very much, mark. just a reminder that we are expecting that speech from prince charles to the 620 leaders in rome

imminently. he will be introduced by the italian prime minister. prince charles a longtime the italian prime minister. prince charles a long time advocate the italian prime minister. prince charles a longtime advocate for protecting the environment. his son, prince william, recently hosted the first earthshot prize, to help people come up with innovative ways to deal with climate change to preserve the environment. it will be interesting to hear what he has to say and he has spoken about how decades ago people used to think it was somehow strange what he said about the environment and protecting the environment but now he is very much on point and those leaders will certainly be listening to everything he says. as mark and victoria were saying, it is about turning words into concrete action, a course of action that we will see this decade, not just looking action that we will see this decade, notjust looking ahead to 2015 back

to 2030, the decisive decade. that is a phrase we will hear a lot about over the next couple of weeks. will there be significant action to limiting global temperature increases to 1.5 c that we can see over the next decade? and if 2050 targets are to be met we really need to see progress in this current decade. let's talk a little bit more about 1.5 , what is it and why does it matter? a reality check correspondent chris morris has been outlining the significance of staying below 1.5 outlining the significance of staying below1.5 of outlining the significance of staying below 1.5 of global warming. it was the last big international climate summit in paris in 2015 which produced a legally binding treaty with a clear goal, to limit global warming this century to well below 2 and preferably 1.5 c compared to preindustrial levels. it is important to stress when we talk about 1.5 of important to stress when we talk about1.5 of warming important to stress when we talk about 1.5 of warming we are talking about 1.5 of warming we are talking about the increase in the average temperature across the whole planet.

it doesn't sound like a lot but some places have already seen much bigger increases. and as the earth warms up, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. climate scientists were alarmed by how extreme some of them have been, such as the soaring temperatures in north america is heat dome injune and july this year smashing previous rackets. the comparison to preindustrial levels a couple of hundred years ago is also important because nearly all man—made global warming has been caused by our use of fossil fuels, coal, warming has been caused by our use of fossilfuels, coal, oiland warming has been caused by our use of fossilfuels, coal, oil and gas of fossilfuels, coal, oiland gas which of fossilfuels, coal, oil and gas which of powered industrial ace. the transition to renewable energy is well under way but it will be really hard to meet the 1.5 target and many experts think it may already be too late to do so. the increase in global temperatures has now reached about 1.1 or global temperatures has now reached about1.1or1.2 above about 1.1 or 1.2 above preindustrial level. about1.1or1.2 above preindustrial level. so if current trends continued, it is likely we would pass 1.5 sometime in the 20

�*305 and even take into account some of the national pledges to cut carbon emissions further the un reckons we could be heading for 2.7 of warming towards the end of the century with catastrophic consequences. that is why there is no such a concerted push for action. the difference between 1.5 and 2 may not sound like much but the intergovernmental panel on climate change and said 1.5 instead of 2 would mean among other things 10,000,000 fewer people losing their homes to rising sea levels, potentially preventing some low—lying island countries from disappearing altogether. it would limit the loss of coral reefs, of endangered species and arctic sea ice and there would be roughly 50% fewer people around the world struggling to find fresh water. even at 1.5 there will be big changes to our climate but one of the goals in glasgow is to keep the climate firmly within reach. to do that the world needs to have greenhouse gas

emissions within the next decade and which net zero missions by the middle of the century. that'll mean shoot in rapid changes to the way societies and companies operate and this is the decade when those changes are going to have to start happening. overthe changes are going to have to start happening. over the next couple of weeks, chris will be doing lots of fact checking for you, looking at what is being said. let's just have a quick look now back at rome where we are expecting that speech by prince charles to the 620 leaders. leaders gathering now for that speech. it looks to be a few minutes away yet but of course we will bring that to you live when it happens, a very important speech before the 620 leaders make their way from rome to glasgow. can prince charles say something that will galvanise them further into a course of action that

accelerates the efforts to stop global average temperature rising above 1.5 global average temperature rising above1.5 above global average temperature rising above 1.5 above preindustrial levels? and that, scientists writes around the world say, is the crucial point at which we will see even more dangerous and deadly impacts of climate change. there you have the italian prime minister who is going to be introducing prince charles stop it is the defining challenge of our times _ it is the defining challenge of our times. eitherwe it is the defining challenge of our times. either we work to succeed now or immediately acting, pay a much higher— or immediately acting, pay a much higher price later and risk failing. the latest — higher price later and risk failing. the latest united nations intergovernmental panel on climate

change _ intergovernmental panel on climate change report shows that we must carry— change report shows that we must carry out _ change report shows that we must carry out immediate rapid and sizable — carry out immediate rapid and sizable cuts to emissions to avoid the disastrous consequences. while we move _ the disastrous consequences. while we move our goal from two degrees to 1.5 we move our goal from two degrees to 15 degrees— we move our goal from two degrees to 15 degrees -- — we move our goal from two degrees to 1.5 degrees —— why? because science says 1.5 degrees —— why? because science savs s0~ _ 1.5 degrees —— why? because science savs s0~ we — 1.5 degrees —— why? because science says so. we must listen to the warnings — says so. we must listen to the warnings coming from the global scientific— warnings coming from the global scientific community, tackle the climate — scientific community, tackle the climate crisis this decade and on the paris — climate crisis this decade and on the paris agreement and the 2030 sustainable development agenda. the shift to— sustainable development agenda. the shift to clean energy is a key to achieving — shift to clean energy is a key to achieving the necessary reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. and we can no— in greenhouse gas emissions. and we can no longer post opponent. there transition _ can no longer post opponent. there transition requires a significant

effort — transition requires a significant effort and governments must be ready to support _ effort and governments must be ready to support their citizens and businesses third. it also offers opportunities to boost growth, create — opportunities to boost growth, create jobs and reduce inequalities. both of— create jobs and reduce inequalities. both of the public and private sectors — both of the public and private sectors must do their shares. governments can set short and long-term _ governments can set short and long—term goals and ensure political, _ long—term goals and ensure political, financial and regulatory stabilitv — political, financial and regulatory stability. but they can't do everything. private companies accelerate the uptake of clean technology, foster innovation, and promote _ technology, foster innovation, and promote large—scale production. public_ promote large—scale production. public financing helps attract greener _ public financing helps attract greener finance and reduce risks for private _ greener finance and reduce risks for private sector investments. public, private _ private sector investments. public, private partnerships bring the two together — private partnerships bring the two together. we must support private led initiatives that insert social

and environmental priorities into their— and environmental priorities into their production models such as his royal— their production models such as his royal highness prince charles's initiative — royal highness prince charles's initiative on sustainable markets. ltatv's _ initiative on sustainable markets. ltatv's 620 — initiative on sustainable markets. italy's 620 presidency wants to boost _ italy's 620 presidency wants to boost economic growth and make it more _ boost economic growth and make it more sustainable. we owe it to our citizens. _ more sustainable. we owe it to our citizens. our— more sustainable. we owe it to our citizens, our planet and to future generations. it is now my pleasure to leave _ generations. it is now my pleasure to leave the — generations. it is now my pleasure to leave the floor to his royal highness, the prince of wales. and after him _ highness, the prince of wales. and after him i— highness, the prince of wales. and after him i will give the floor to mr brian — after him i will give the floor to mr brian monaghan.— after him i will give the floor to mr brian monaghan. prime minister, i am most grateful _ mr brian monaghan. prime minister, i am most grateful to _ mr brian monaghan. prime minister, i am most grateful to you _ mr brian monaghan. prime minister, i am most grateful to you for _ mr brian monaghan. prime minister, i am most grateful to you for inviting i am most grateful to you for inviting me to address this immensely important meeting. i know you have many pressing issues of the day, but none is a more pressing than the future health of our planet and of the people who inhabit it. the planet's health today will dictate the health, happiness and economic prosperity of generations to come,

hence are overwhelming responsibility to generations yet unborn. after nearly 50 years of trying to raise awareness of the growing climate and environmental crisis, i am at last change in attitudes and at the build—up of positive momentum. as you know, listening is often more important than speaking and i've listened closely to leaders of many countries, particularly commonwealth nations, whose communities are some of the most climate are vulnerable on this earth. it is also impossible not to hear the despairing voices of young people who see you, ladies and gentlemen, as are the stewards of the planet, holding the viability of their future the planet, holding the viability of theirfuture in the planet, holding the viability of their future in your hands. the planet, holding the viability of theirfuture in your hands. i have listened to those leaders of the

private sector who are now more and more anxious to invest in new projects and new technologies that could establish a more rapid transition to sustainability. some 300 of the world's top ceos from every sector of the economy, including financial services, and representing well over 60 trillion dollars of assets under management join at my sustainable markets initiative and demonstrated how acutely sensitive they are to both the way consumers, who control more than 60% of global gdp, and shareholders, are now demanding changes in the way businesses behave. which is why they want to make a big difference with any kind of investment only they can provide. dash make the kind of investment.

with the cop26 climate change in the united kingdom it is only too clear we will need trillions of dollars of investment every year to create the necessary new infrastructure and meet the vital1.5 degrees climate targets that will save our forests and farms, our oceans and our wildlife. no government has those sorts of sums, which is why i have spent so much time over the past 19 months trying to form a global alliance amongst the private sector as i've long believed it holds at the ultimate key to the solutions we seek. that is why, prime minister, i'm so grateful to you for recognising this essential truth and for bringing the many, giving them a seat at this most important table so that climate change can be tackled in partnership. it is why i also

wish the present every possible success when you pass the baton to him in a month's time —— the president. and a valuable cross industry discussion with business leaders about what is needed to overcome barriers and unlock trillions of dollars, they have indicated three essential points, firstly, the need for clear market signals from governments so they can plan for the long term. this would boost confidence in existing projects and attract the necessary institutional investment for new ones. as it stands, they told me that are too few investable projects in the pipeline because there is too little confidence in the system. to do this, there is a need to align country, industry and investment road maps and here multilateral development banks have a critical role to play in creating the

enabling environment for investment that supports a sustainable future. secondly, collecting misalignments across institutional regulatory and legal frameworks stop realigning putting a proper a value on carbon, finding innovative and sustainable ways to address the growing debt burden, as well as implementing country platforms seem absolutely critical if we are to support the poorest and most vulnerable countries as any transition occurs. solutions that scale is impossible only if there is a much closer partnership between government, they need multilateral banks, the private sector and its investors. finally, beyond emma decibelss, the urgent need to explore how the 620 can develop a mechanism —— mgbs. how

they would release the vast sums of money to make this public and private partnership a reality. that, in turn, is our only hope if we are to keep global warming to 1.5 degrees only. when cop26 begins in glasgow tomorrow, it is quite literally the last chance saloon. we must now translate fine words into a still finer actions. as the enormity of the climate challenge dominates people's conversations, from newsrooms are living rooms, and as the future of humanity and nature herself and at stake, it is surely time to set aside our differences and grasp this unique opportunity to launch a substantial green recovery by putting the global economy only confident, sustainable trajectory and thus save our planet. from what

they tell me, the private sector is already there, eager to work with you and are ready to play a hugely significant and game changing role. this is why i am so grateful to have this chance to talk to you here today and to shiny light notjust on how far we have come, but also on how far we have come, but also on how far we still need to go. thank you. how far we still need to go. thank ou. . ~' how far we still need to go. thank ou. . ~ , ., how far we still need to go. thank ou. . ~ i. . how far we still need to go. thank ou. . ,, you. thank you, royal highness. i now rive you. thank you, royal highness. i now give the _ you. thank you, royal highness. i now give the floor _ you. thank you, royal highness. i now give the floor to _ you. thank you, royal highness. i now give the floor to brian - now give the floor to brian monaghan. the floor is yours. his ro al monaghan. the floor is yours. h 3 royal highness prince charles, the prince of wales addressing a 620 leaders in rome. he would probably say the most important speech he has ever made. he said, didn't he, after nearly 50 years of talking about protecting the environment, he is at last sensing a change of attitudes and a building up of momentum. he knows how important it is to get that message across to those leaders

of a 620 country is responsible for about 80% of greenhouse gas emissions before they come here to cop26 in glasgow. he began the speech by saying no issue is more pressing than the health of our planet and those who inhabit it. and he talked a lot about the role not just of governments, but of private finance. he said that he believes thatis finance. he said that he believes that is the key to bringing forward any huge sums of money, the trillions of dollars and plans that are needed to invest in the sort of changes to the infrastructure around the world that are needed to build a green recovery, certainly after the pandemic and over the next decade that can keep within sight of that goal of keeping a lid on global warming, below1.5 goal of keeping a lid on global warming, below 1.5 celsius. goal of keeping a lid on global warming, below1.5 celsius. mark goal of keeping a lid on global warming, below 1.5 celsius. mark is in rome are listening to that. as i said, it really important speech there from prince charles. yes.

said, it really important speech there from prince charles. yes, and a real call to — there from prince charles. yes, and a real call to arms, _ there from prince charles. yes, and a real call to arms, i— there from prince charles. yes, and a real call to arms, i think, - there from prince charles. yes, and a real call to arms, i think, from - a real call to arms, i think, from the prince of wales to these leaders of the 620, the worlds largest economies and the world's largest emitters are to work with the private sector and prince child stress there is a number of times, a public—private partnership to try to create the investment in green infrastructure and green energy and newjobs infrastructure and green energy and new jobs that will infrastructure and green energy and newjobs that will be needed to try to keep that goal of 1.5, cap on global warming, and to keep that goal of 1.5, cap on globalwarming, and i. he said it's only too clear we will need trains of dollars each year in investment on infrastructure to meet that 1.5 goal and the only way to do that is to bring in the private sector. he said the private sector is ready to work with you. get a couple of very interesting, very strong lines talking about the overwhelming responsibility of us as a leader is

two generations unborn. he talked about how this was the last chance saloon for cop26 and the need to translate fine words into finer action, stating very clearly that nature and the planet at saint —— fine words into fine action. this is a recognition, the fact that —— nature and the planet at stake. they need is to mobilise all forces, all influential voices to try to corral world leaders to reach these emissions targets of and net zero carbon emissions by the end of the century. that would be essential for keeping the goal of 1.5 degrees alive. remember, going past1.5 degrees temperature rise, scientists believe a wee despite yet more extreme weather, would place low lying countries are very much at

risk and that 1.5 degrees goal is absolutely essential. prince charles absolutely essential. prince charles a very rare invitation for a member of the royalfamily a very rare invitation for a member of the royal family to come in and address of the world's political leaders and really try to get them to work together to, as he said, provide a unique opportunity to launch the green recovery. we will have to see whether 620 leaders heed his advice later in the day as we get there statements and press conferences, which will bring you live here on the bbc.— conferences, which will bring you live here on the bbc. mark, thank ou ve live here on the bbc. mark, thank you very much- — live here on the bbc. mark, thank you very much. mark _ live here on the bbc. mark, thank you very much. mark lowen - live here on the bbc. mark, thank you very much. mark lowen in - live here on the bbc. mark, thank - you very much. mark lowen in rome. prince charles was introduced by the italian prime minister, the defining act of he said, we have to act now or delay acting and we risk a much higher cost orfailing.

or delay acting and we risk a much higher cost or failing. talking about a partnership of governments, countries, global corporations just assert a sane ability in their plans. you're watching bbc news. cop26 i'm co p26 i'm live cop26 i'm live in glasgow as the cop26 i'm live in glasgow as the cop26 summit gets under way. 25,000 delegates will attend from 200 countries to announce how they will cut emissions by 2030. borisjohnson calls it the worlds moment of truth. what we need to do is make sure that at the summit world leaders come together and meet the commitments that are necessary. world leaders will be making their way to glasgow from the 620 summit

in rome.