marilia mendonca, one of brazil's most successful singers, has died in a plane crash along with her uncle, producer and two crew members. the 26—year old latin grammy winner, who was brazil's most streamed artist on spotify last year, was flying to perform in a concert in the south—east of the country. the un security council has expressed deep concern about the intensifying conflict in ethiopia. it came as nine rebel groups formed a new alliance, aimed at removing the current government of prime minister abiy ahmed. the year—long war has left over 400,000 people facing famine—like conditions. now on bbc news, jordan dunbar reports on unregulated mental health treatment online.

imagine someone said they could cure your biggest problem. imagine after years of trying medication and being on waiting list, someone reached out to you and said... i list, someone reached out to you and said. . ._ list, someone reached out to you and said... i can kill you. i told you _ you and said... i can kill you. i told you they _ you and said... i can kill you. i told you they have - you and said... i can kill you. i told you they have the - you and said... i can kill you. | i told you they have the key... to take your pain away. wouldn't you want to believe it was true i know i did, and i'm not alone. —— i can cure you. it was like they went inside my brain — it was like they went inside my brain. , ., it was like they went inside my brain. , . , , brain. they are the missing link. so brain. they are the missing link- so you _ brain. they are the missing link. so you think— brain. they are the missing link. so you think you - brain. they are the missing link. so you think you have| link. so you think you have struck_ link. so you think you have struck gold _ link. so you think you have struck gold. i— link. so you think you have struck gold.— link. so you think you have struck gold. i name is jordan dunbar and _ struck gold. i name is jordan dunbar and i _ struck gold. i name is jordan dunbar and i spent - struck gold. i name is jordan dunbar and i spent three - struck gold. i name is jordan l dunbar and i spent three years on and nhs waiting list for specialist therapy. and by the end, i was desperate for help. before the pandemic, the amount of people trying to get help on the nhs was high but now, it is at record levels. when you can't find the help you need, like most people, i went looking for answers online. that's i started seeing adverts on my social media from companies saying... we

on my social media from companies saying... we can cure depression. _ companies saying... we can cure depression. we _ companies saying... we can cure depression, we can _ companies saying... we can cure depression, we can cure - companies saying. .. we can cure depression, we can cure your- depression, we can cure your anxiety. depression, we can cure your anxie . ., , depression, we can cure your anxie . . , , ., , anxiety. really slick adverts usin: anxiety. really slick adverts using slogans _ anxiety. really slick adverts using slogans like... - anxiety. really slick adverts using slogans like... live i anxiety. really slick adverts using slogans like... live a| using slogans like... live a life without _ using slogans like... live a life without fear. _ using slogans like... live a life without fear. who - using slogans like... live a. life without fear. who would you be if you weren't afraid? language that, in that state of mind, when i was so down, really spoke to me. with so many people going online to get help, what help are they getting and who is giving it? i was asked to video myself doing exposures and the videos had to be of a certain length so that they would fit on this person's instagrammed feed. it’s they would fit on this person's instagrammed feed. it's making me feel sick. — instagrammed feed. it's making me feel sick, actually, - instagrammed feed. it's making me feel sick, actually, the - me feel sick, actually, the thought— me feel sick, actually, the thought that this is going on. this— thought that this is going on. this is— thought that this is going on. this is the dark world of depression cures. laura was hoping to find support office suffering from terrible anxiety. how did it come about? i

terrible anxiety. how did it come about?— terrible anxiety. how did it come about? ., , ., ., come about? i went on instagram and i come about? i went on instagram and i thought — come about? i went on instagram and i thought i — come about? i went on instagram and i thought i wonder _ come about? i went on instagram and i thought i wonder if - come about? i went on instagram and i thought i wonder if there . and i thought i wonder if there is anybody who thinks the same as me or experiencing the same ocd as me or experiencing the same 0cd symptoms i am now. so ocd symptoms i am now. so worrying — ocd symptoms i am now. so worrying about your kids? worrying about my kids, constantly on the lookout for danger. ifound on instagram post and i'd like to couple of them and then this company came to my direct messages. 50 them and then this company came to my direct messages.— to my direct messages. so they contacted you? _ to my direct messages. so they contacted you? they _ to my direct messages. so they contacted you? they contacted | contacted you? they contacted me and said... _ contacted you? they contacted me and said... i— contacted you? they contacted me and said... i would - contacted you? they contacted me and said... i would like - contacted you? they contacted me and said... i would like to l me and said... i would like to help with _ me and said... i would like to help with your— me and said... i would like to help with your ocd. - me and said... i would like to help with your ocd. and - me and said... i would like to help with your ocd. and i - me and said... i would like to | help with your ocd. and i was like oh, well, _ help with your ocd. and i was like oh, well, thank _ help with your ocd. and i was like oh, well, thank you, - help with your ocd. and i was like oh, well, thank you, you | like oh, well, thank you, you know, someone is taking notice. jake started expressing bad anxiety attacks at university and hope to find someone who could help with them. —— hoped. so you searched on instagram and it was one of the first results?— results? one of the first results? one of the first result that _ results? one of the first result that popped - results? one of the first result that popped up i results? one of the first i result that popped up and i clicked on it and a kind of... resonated with me. what was it that really tempted you?- resonated with me. what was it that really tempted you? when a erson that really tempted you? when a person has _ that really tempted you? when a person has got — that really tempted you? when a person has got quite _ that really tempted you? when a person has got quite a _ that really tempted you? when a person has got quite a large - person has got quite a large following and markets himself as a person who has had ocd and

has got over it and is now treating, you think that that's, you know, that's a great sign. that's, you know, that's a great sign-— that's, you know, that's a treat sin. ., ., �*, great sign. high, and, how's it utoin? great sign. high, and, how's it going? i. _ great sign. high, and, how's it going? i. jordan. _ great sign. high, and, how's it going? i, jordan, good - great sign. high, and, how's it going? i, jordan, good thank l going? i, jordan, good thank ou. going? i, jordan, good thank you- and _ going? i, jordan, good thank you- and had _ going? i, jordan, good thank you. and had been _ going? i, jordan, good thank you. and had been through l going? i, jordan, good thank i you. and had been through nhs treatment for _ you. and had been through nhs treatment for anxiety _ you. and had been through nhs treatment for anxiety but i you. and had been through nhs treatment for anxiety but had i treatment for anxiety but had not helped as much as hoped —— anne. i not helped as much as hoped -- anne. ., , �* not helped as much as hoped -- anne. . , �* ., not helped as much as hoped -- anne. ., �* ., ., ,, anne. i wasn't in quite a dark lace, anne. i wasn't in quite a dark place, obviously, _ anne. i wasn't in quite a dark place, obviously, mentally, l anne. i wasn't in quite a dark place, obviously, mentally, i| place, obviously, mentally, i was— place, obviously, mentally, i was looking for alternatives. she found a programme with online videos and exercises that caught her eye. it promised 100% cure. so before i even _ promised 100% cure. so before i even started the programme, that in— even started the programme, that in itself gave me a lift. it that in itself gave me a lift. it was — that in itself gave me a lift. it was describing the thought, it was— it was describing the thought, it was describing _ it was describing the thought, it was describing how - it was describing the thought, it was describing how those i it was describing how those thoughts _ it was describing how those thoughts made _ it was describing how those thoughts made you - it was describing how those thoughts made you feel, i it was describing how those thoughts made you feel, it| it was describing how those i thoughts made you feel, it was describing _ thoughts made you feel, it was describing behaviours - thoughts made you feel, it was describing behaviours that i thoughts made you feel, it was describing behaviours that you | describing behaviours that you wanted — describing behaviours that you wanted to _ describing behaviours that you wanted to do— describing behaviours that you wanted to do in— describing behaviours that you wanted to do in response i describing behaviours that you wanted to do in response to. wanted to do in response to those — wanted to do in response to those it— wanted to do in response to those it was— wanted to do in response to those it was like _ wanted to do in response to those it was like they - wanted to do in response to those it was like theyjust i those it was like theyjust were _ those it was like theyjust were inside _ those it was like theyjust were inside my— those it was like theyjust were inside my brain. i'dl those it was like theyjust i were inside my brain. i'd never ever— were inside my brain. i'd never ever spoken _ were inside my brain. i'd never ever spoken to _ were inside my brain. i'd never ever spoken to anybody- were inside my brain. i'd never ever spoken to anybody but i ever spoken to anybody but understood _ ever spoken to anybody but understood it _ ever spoken to anybody but understood it the _ ever spoken to anybody but understood it the way- ever spoken to anybody but understood it the way that i ever spoken to anybody but i understood it the way that this person— understood it the way that this person did. _ understood it the way that this person did. in— understood it the way that this person did-— understood it the way that this person did-_ ini understood it the way that this| person did._ in a person did. in a good way? in a tood person did. in a good way? in a good way. _ person did. in a good way? in a good way. in — person did. in a good way? in a good way. in a _ person did. in a good way? in a good way, in a wow, _ person did. in a good way? in a good way, in a wow, this i person did. in a good way? in a| good way, in a wow, this person really— good way, in a wow, this person really gets— good way, in a wow, this person really gets it _ good way, in a wow, this person really gets it— really gets it. because the marketing. _ really gets it. because the marketing, you _ really gets it. because the marketing, you wanted i really gets it. because the marketing, you wanted to | marketing, you wanted to believe. i think it was kind of

like a kid in a candy store moment. like a kid in a candy store moment-— like a kid in a candy store moment. , , ., , moment. this is how it feels. i've not moment. this is how it feels. i've got the — moment. this is how it feels. i've got the key _ moment. this is how it feels. i've got the key to _ moment. this is how it feels. i've got the key to make i moment. this is how it feels. i've got the key to make you | i've got the key to make you better — i've got the key to make you better. �* �* ., , ., better. and i'm the only one. the day that _ better. and i'm the only one. the day that you _ better. and i'm the only one. the day that you signed i better. and i'm the only one. the day that you signed on, i better. and i'm the only one. i the day that you signed on, do you remember how you felt? i. you remember how you felt? i, it was fantastic. i was so hopeful. it was fantastic. i was so hopeful-— it was fantastic. i was so hoeful. , .~ , ., . hopeful. did take my divorce how long _ hopeful. did take my divorce how long it _ hopeful. did take my divorce how long it will _ hopeful. did take my divorce how long it will take - hopeful. did take my divorce how long it will take until- hopeful. did take my divorce | how long it will take until you are cured?— are cured? yes, it claims for some people _ are cured? yes, it claims for some people it _ are cured? yes, it claims for some people it is _ are cured? yes, it claims for some people it is a - are cured? yes, it claims for some people it is a matter i are cured? yes, it claims for| some people it is a matter of only a few hours.— some people it is a matter of only a few hours. hours? hours, eah. only a few hours. hours? hours, yeah- well- _ only a few hours. hours? hours, yeah. well. but _ only a few hours. hours? hours, yeah. well. but really, - only a few hours. hours? hours, yeah. well. but really, they i yeah. well. but really, they are claiming _ yeah. well. but really, they are claiming even _ yeah. well. but really, they are claiming even for- yeah. well. but really, they are claiming even for those| are claiming even for those that it takes a bit longer, you know, within weeks. i that it takes a bit longer, you know, within weeks.- that it takes a bit longer, you know, within weeks. i was told to... know, within weeks. i was told to- -- you _ know, within weeks. i was told to... you will— know, within weeks. i was told to... you will be _ know, within weeks. i was told to. .. you will be better- know, within weeks. i was told to... you will be better within | to... you will be better within 45 sessions. i was like great, brilliant _ 45 sessions. i was like great, brilliant. ., , ., brilliant. how did you feel than when _ brilliant. how did you feel than when you _ brilliant. how did you feel than when you heard i brilliant. how did you feel than when you heard you | brilliant. how did you feel i than when you heard you could be better in 45 sessions? i would have paid anything, i would — would have paid anything, i would have paid anything, i would have paid anything, and that was— would have paid anything, and that was not like it was that current _ that was not like it was that current dangling but current in front _ current dangling but current in front of— current dangling but current in front of me. so current dangling but current in front of me— front of me. so they are the missin: front of me. so they are the missing link _ front of me. so they are the missing link to _ missing link to getting better? they are the missing link. so you _ they are the missing link. so you think— they are the missing link. so you think you've _ they are the missing link. so you think you've struck - they are the missing link. so you think you've struck gold. i you think you've struck gold. it you think you've struck gold. it felt — you think you've struck gold. it felt like _ you think you've struck gold. it felt like a _ you think you've struck gold. it felt like a real— you think you've struck gold. it felt like a real turning i it felt like a real turning point. it it felt like a real turning oint. ., ., it felt like a real turning oint. ., , point. it felt good and they ut me

point. it felt good and they put me in _ point. it felt good and they put me in what _ point. it felt good and they put me in what subgroup i point. it felt good and they i put me in what subgroup with other— put me in what subgroup with other people was offering. and then— other people was offering. and then i— other people was offering. and then i connected with those people _ then i connected with those people and we had a real emotional connection because we understood each other —— what's up understood each other —— what's up group — understood each other —— what's up group. but understood each other -- what's u- trou -. �* , , understood each other -- what's up group-— up group. but why things began well, it started _ up group. but why things began well, it started to _ up group. but why things began well, it started to become i well, it started to become clear that some of these companies were not as helpful as they claim. companies were not as helpful as they claim-— as they claim. the first couple of sessions — as they claim. the first couple of sessions were _ as they claim. the first couple of sessions were good. - as they claim. the first couple of sessions were good. and i as they claim. the first couple of sessions were good. and it | of sessions were good. and it seemed quite _ of sessions were good. and it seemed quite encouraging i of sessions were good. and it | seemed quite encouraging but then— seemed quite encouraging but than red — seemed quite encouraging but then red flags _ seemed quite encouraging but then red flags started - seemed quite encouraging but then red flags started to - seemed quite encouraging but| then red flags started to show. i then red flags started to show. i found — then red flags started to show. i found that _ then red flags started to show. i found that it _ then red flags started to show. i found that it got _ then red flags started to show. i found that it got to _ then red flags started to show. i found that it got to the - i found that it got to the point where it kind of sounded disinterested and i'd finished what i was saying and he wouldn't even respond and i'd have to sort of ask him, you know, after i'd finished, what do you think? because it sounded like he was sort of fiddling around doing something behind... ., ., behind... you cannot say anything? _ behind... you cannot say anything? there - behind... you cannot say anything? there is i behind... you cannot say anything? there is no i behind... you cannot say i anything? there is no image? all over what's up audio. anne had a similar— all over what's up audio. anne had a similar experience - all over what's up audio. anne had a similar experience with l all over what's up audio. anne | had a similar experience with a different company.— different company. content of the course — different company. content of the course was _ different company. content of the course was not _ different company. content of the course was not helping i different company. content of| the course was not helping me at alt — the course was not helping me at alt and _ the course was not helping me at alt and it_ the course was not helping me at all. and it was _ the course was not helping me at all. and it was not - the course was not helping me at all. and it was not long - at all. and it was not long

before _ at all. and it was not long before there _ at all. and it was not long before there was - at all. and it was not long before there was some i at all. and it was not long. before there was some alarm bells— before there was some alarm bells going _ before there was some alarm bells going off. _ before there was some alarm bells going off.— before there was some alarm bells going off. 0k. what were the red flags — bells going off. 0k. what were the red flags then? _ bells going off. 0k. what were the red flags then? that - the red flags then? that started making you think this might not be the cure i was hoinu ? , ., ., , might not be the cure i was hoina? , ., ., hoping? the first one was not to talk about _ hoping? the first one was not to talk about anxiety - hoping? the first one was not to talk about anxiety to - to talk about anxiety to anyone _ to talk about anxiety to anyone. that _ to talk about anxiety to anyone. that had - to talk about anxiety tof anyone. that had taken to talk about anxiety to - anyone. that had taken me a long — anyone. that had taken me a long time _ anyone. that had taken me a long time to _ anyone. that had taken me a long time to get _ anyone. that had taken me a long time to get to _ anyone. that had taken me a long time to get to a - anyone. that had taken me a long time to get to a place i long time to get to a place where _ long time to get to a place where i_ long time to get to a place where i could _ long time to get to a place where i could talk- long time to get to a place where i could talk about. long time to get to a place where i could talk about it| long time to get to a place - where i could talk about it and then_ where i could talk about it and then i— where i could talk about it and then i was_ where i could talk about it and then i was specifically - where i could talk about it and then i was specifically being. then i was specifically being told — then i was specifically being told not _ then i was specifically being told not to— then i was specifically being told not to talk— then i was specifically being told not to talk about - then i was specifically being told not to talk about it - then i was specifically being told not to talk about it and | told not to talk about it and not ask _ told not to talk about it and not ask for _ told not to talk about it and not ask for help. _ told not to talk about it and not ask for help.— told not to talk about it and not ask for help. what was the reasoning _ not ask for help. what was the reasoning behind _ not ask for help. what was the reasoning behind that? - not ask for help. what was the l reasoning behind that? because they believe _ reasoning behind that? because they believe that _ reasoning behind that? because they believe that this _ reasoning behind that? because they believe that this fuels - they believe that this fuels anxiety, _ they believe that this fuels anxiety, so _ they believe that this fuels anxiety, so if— they believe that this fuels anxiety, so if you - they believe that this fuels anxiety, so if you are - they believe that this fuels i anxiety, so if you are talking about — anxiety, so if you are talking about it. _ anxiety, so if you are talking about it. you _ anxiety, so if you are talking about it, you are _ anxiety, so if you are talking about it, you are feeding - anxiety, so if you are talking about it, you are feeding it. i anxiety, so if you are talking| about it, you are feeding it. i about it, you are feeding it. wanted to speak to an about it, you are feeding it.“ wanted to speak to an expert who knows all about how to carry out therapy and treatment. carolyn is head a standard that the biggest therapy bodies to be acp. speaking from my own personal experience, my training was just shy of four years.- just shy of four years. what should therapy _ just shy of four years. what should therapy feel - just shy of four years. what should therapy feel like? i should therapy feel like? fundamentally, it should feel safe. you _ fundamentally, it should feel safe. fik. you should be able to safe. ok. you should be able to feel safe and _ safe. ok. you should be able to feel safe and trusting of your therapist so that you can open

up therapist so that you can open up and explore all the things that you need to talk about in therapy. therapist need to be authentic, genuine, grounded, be able to offer empathy warmth, acceptance. you know, completely nonjudgemental and respectful. you should be experiencing all of these things from your therapist. the sessions would _ things from your therapist. the sessions would consistently be cut short _ sessions would consistently be cut short. ~ , sessions would consistently be cut short.- he _ sessions would consistently be cut short.- he would - sessions would consistently be cut short.- he would say| cut short. why? he would say that it was — cut short. why? he would say that it was going _ cut short. why? he would say that it was going around - cut short. why? he would say that it was going around in . that it was going around in circtes— that it was going around in circles or— that it was going around in circles or you are asking for reassurance.— reassurance. but is a reassurance - reassurance. but is a l reassurance question. reassurance. but is a - reassurance question. so it is our reassurance question. so it is your fault? — reassurance question. so it is your fault? it _ reassurance question. so it is your fault? it is _ reassurance question. so it is your fault? it is my _ reassurance question. so it is your fault? it is my fault. - reassurance question. so it is your fault? it is my fault. it i your fault? it is my fault. it is a toughie _ your fault? it is my fault. it is a toughie because - your fault? it is my fault. it is a toughie because of- your fault? it is my fault. it is a toughie because of the| is a toughie because of the time — is a toughie because of the time he _ is a toughie because of the time he knows best. i would say the lowest — time he knows best. i would say the lowest for me was 20 minutes— the lowest for me was 20 minutes of a 50 minute session. so you _ minutes of a 50 minute session. so you got— minutes of a 50 minute session. so you got your money back, right? have your money back? his right? have your money back? no compensation, no mention of 0k, compensation, no mention of ok, that session was cut short but we will— that session was cut short but we will make it up or you can have — we will make it up or you can have another one.— we will make it up or you can have another one. how much money do — have another one. how much money do you _ have another one. how much money do you reckon - have another one. how much money do you reckon you - have another one. how much i money do you reckon you spent

for all the treatment? i money do you reckon you spent for all the treatment?— for all the treatment? i think i was quite — for all the treatment? i think i was quite lucky, _ for all the treatment? i think i was quite lucky, actually, i i was quite lucky, actually, and i spent £2500, which was a lot of money for me at the time. i mean, i'd been made redundant and it was a good chunk of my redundancy money. you could buy individual sessions and they would be much more _ sessions and they would be much more expensive, 200, you know, getting _ more expensive, 200, you know, getting to — more expensive, 200, you know, getting to nearly £300. all you could _ getting to nearly £300. all you could buy in bulk or, buy in bulk, — could buy in bulk or, buy in bulk, it's— could buy in bulk or, buy in bulk, it's like you're going to costco — bulk, it's like you're going to costco. ~ . , bulk, it's like you're going to costco. ~ ., , ., ., costco. what is the normal rate? on — costco. what is the normal rate? on average - costco. what is the normal rate? on average across i costco. what is the normal. rate? on average across the costco. what is the normal - rate? on average across the uk, robabl rate? on average across the uk, probably around _ rate? on average across the uk, probably around £50 _ rate? on average across the uk, probably around £50 per - probably around £50 per session. probably around £50 per session-— probably around £50 per session. ~ ., ;;:: :: session. what, say, paying £300 for telephone _ session. what, say, paying £300 for telephone calls, _ session. what, say, paying £300 for telephone calls, with - session. what, say, paying £300 for telephone calls, with that - for telephone calls, with that surprise you in terms of...? yes, it is over and above the average. i'd be curious to know what is their offering for such a significant amount of money? yeah, it's way above, way above top end. yeah, it's way above, way above to end. ., , top end. some of the companies we heard complaints _ top end. some of the companies we heard complaints about - top end. some of the companies we heard complaints about offer| we heard complaints about offer more than just we heard complaints about offer

more thanjust i—to—i... laura more than just i—to—i... laura was more thanjust i—to—i... laura was in one of those groups. the group, was not on what's up? yes. so would you be putting all your worries there and they would be giving advice?- would be giving advice? yeah, and that was _ would be giving advice? yeah, and that was not _ would be giving advice? yeah, and that was not right - would be giving advice? yeah, and that was not right either l and that was not right either because we were all untrained and unqualified —— whatsapp. it should not have been our responsibility to give other people in the group unqualified opinion. we knew everything about each other, ins and outs of our darkest fears, compulsions.- of our darkest fears, comulsions. .. compulsions. the medical history? _ compulsions. the medical history? yes, _ compulsions. the medical history? yes, what- compulsions. the medical- history? yes, what medication we were taken, _ history? yes, what medication we were taken, whether - history? yes, what medication we were taken, whether we i history? yes, what medication i we were taken, whether we were taking it or not and who we have spoken to in the past, there was no confidentiality and so everybody knew my business. and so everybody knew my business-— and so everybody knew my i business._ and and so everybody knew my - business._ and i business. and you knew? and i knew everybody _ business. and you knew? and i knew everybody else's. - business. and you knew? and i knew everybody else's. there l knew everybody else's. there were group — knew everybody else's. there were group chats _ knew everybody else's. there were group chats and - knew everybody else's. there were group chats and there i knew everybody else's. there i were group chats and there was people — were group chats and there was people i— were group chats and there was people i would interact with them — people i would interact with them some people my age that this particular person would discuss _ this particular person would discuss openly other clients he

had, _ discuss openly other clients he had, other patients, if you can call them _ had, other patients, if you can call them patients, and discuss them _ call them patients, and discuss them and — call them patients, and discuss them and preach about them. would — them and preach about them. would he _ them and preach about them. would he like to talk about their particular problems or their particular problems or their behaviour?— their behaviour? yeah, or just--- — their behaviour? yeah, or just... laugh _ their behaviour? yeah, or just... laugh about- their behaviour? yeah, or just... laugh about them| their behaviour? yeah, or. just... laugh about them or just— just... laugh about them or just discuss them openly, speak about— just discuss them openly, speak about what they were struggling with _ about what they were struggling with. ~ . , about what they were struggling with. . ., , ., ., ., with. what is the harm for all of those clients _ with. what is the harm for all of those clients involved - with. what is the harm for all of those clients involved in i of those clients involved in confidentiality is broken? well, firstly, is another person in that group, you might be thinking "if this therapist is talking about that person in this way, are they talking about me in this way in other arenas? with other people?" it feels really disrespectful. i mean, my view is that that would cause distrust, which is absorbed counter—productive to therapy being effective. absorbed counter-productive to therapy being effective.- therapy being effective. when someone has _ therapy being effective. when someone has that _ therapy being effective. when someone has that kind - therapy being effective. when someone has that kind of - therapy being effective. when i someone has that kind of power over— someone has that kind of power over you — someone has that kind of power over you where they know you

have _ over you where they know you haveissues over you where they know you have issues on issues were struggling with, it's natural to have _ struggling with, it's natural to have a concern that they may expose — to have a concern that they may expose you if you speak against them _ expose you if you speak against them or— expose you if you speak against them or speak out against them. so are _ them or speak out against them. so are they then trapped?- so are they then trapped? yeah, the feel so are they then trapped? yeah, they feel trapped _ so are they then trapped? yeah, they feel trapped or _ so are they then trapped? yeah, they feel trapped or they - so are they then trapped? yeah, they feel trapped or they don't i they feel trapped or they don't want _ they feel trapped or they don't want to— they feel trapped or they don't want to ruffle any feathers in the group chat. people were afraid — the group chat. people were afraid to _ the group chat. people were afraid to leave the group chat. you _ afraid to leave the group chat. you were _ afraid to leave the group chat. you were told to stop medication. - you were told to stop medication. i- you were told to stop medication. i started| you were told to stop - medication. i started reducing my medication— medication. i started reducing my medication to _ medication. i started reducing my medication to taking - medication. i started reducing my medication to taking a - my medication to taking a tablet. _ my medication to taking a tablet. one _ my medication to taking a tablet, one tablet - my medication to taking a tablet, one tablet every. my medication to taking a - tablet, one tablet every second day _ tablet, one tablet every second day in — tablet, one tablet every second day. in hindsight, _ tablet, one tablet every second day. in hindsight, that- tablet, one tablet every second day. in hindsight, that was- day. in hindsight, that was very— day. in hindsight, that was very stupid, _ day. in hindsight, that was very stupid, you _ day. in hindsight, that was very stupid, you know. - day. in hindsight, that was. very stupid, you know. very stupid — very stupid, you know. very stupid and _ very stupid, you know. very stupid and i'm _ very stupid, you know. very stupid and i'm embarrassedj very stupid, you know. very. stupid and i'm embarrassed to say i _ stupid and i'm embarrassed to say i even _ stupid and i'm embarrassed to say i even tried _ stupid and i'm embarrassed to say i even tried it _ stupid and i'm embarrassed to say i even tried it and - stupid and i'm embarrassed to say i even tried it and i- stupid and i'm embarrassed to say i even tried it and i would. say i even tried it and i would say i even tried it and i would say i — say i even tried it and i would say i would _ say i even tried it and i would say i would put _ say i even tried it and i would say i would put it _ say i even tried it and i would say i would put it down - say i even tried it and i would say i would put it down to - say i even tried it and i would say i would put it down to i l say i would put it down to i was — say i would put it down to i was in _ say i would put it down to i was in a _ say i would put it down to i was in a vulnerable - say i would put it down to i was in a vulnerable place i say i would put it down to i l was in a vulnerable place at the time _ was in a vulnerable place at the time and _ was in a vulnerable place at the time and it— was in a vulnerable place at the time and it was- was in a vulnerable place at the time and it was in- was in a vulnerable place at the time and it was in the i the time and it was in the past _ the time and it was in the ast. the time and it was in the ast, . ., , , past. the company denies tellinu past. the company denies telling anne _ past. the company denies telling anne to _ past. the company denies telling anne to stop - past. the company denies telling anne to stop her i telling anne to stop her medication and says it must be donein medication and says it must be done in conjunction with your doctor. i done in con'unction with your doctor. . �* done in con'unction with your doctor. ., �* ., doctor. i mean, i'm not medically _ doctor. i mean, i'm not medically trained - doctor. i mean, i'm not medically trained and i doctor. i mean, i'm not. medically trained and this doctor. i mean, i'm not- medically trained and this is why people really need to speak to a medical professional about it. ., to a medical professional about it. so you would not give advice on _ it. so you would not give advice on medication? i it. so you would not give i advice on medication? no, it. so you would not give . advice on medication? no, i would rrot — advice on medication? no, i would not give _ advice on medication? no, i

would not give advice, - advice on medication? no, i would not give advice, i - advice on medication? no, i i would not give advice, i would encourage a client if they are thinking of stopping the medication to go and speak to their gp or other prescriber. if you are talking about medication it has to be with a medical practitioner rather than a someone who does therapy?— than a someone who does thera ? , , , , than a someone who does thera ? , ,, therapy? yes, because they can be dangerous — therapy? yes, because they can be dangerous consequences - therapy? yes, because they can be dangerous consequences of. be dangerous consequences of suddenly stopping the medication.— suddenly stopping the medication. , ., medication. did all those thin . s, medication. did all those things. i _ medication. did all those things, i stopped - medication. did all those things, i stopped talking | medication. did all those i things, i stopped talking to family— things, i stopped talking to family about _ things, i stopped talking to family about it, _ things, i stopped talking to family about it, i— things, i stopped talking to family about it, i stopped i family about it, i stopped asking _ family about it, i stopped asking for— family about it, i stopped asking for help. - family about it, i stopped asking for help. and - family about it, i stopped asking for help. and very| asking for help. and very quickly, _ asking for help. and very quickly. i_ asking for help. and very quickly, i could _ asking for help. and very quickly, i could feel- asking for help. and very quickly, i could feel i - asking for help. and very| quickly, i could feel i was getting _ quickly, i could feel i was getting worse. _ quickly, i could feel i was getting worse. and - quickly, i could feel i was getting worse. and not. quickly, i could feel i was i getting worse. and not only that— getting worse. and not only that but _ getting worse. and not only that but hope _ getting worse. and not only that but hope that - getting worse. and not only that but hope that i - getting worse. and not only that but hope that i had - getting worse. and not onlyj that but hope that i had had getting worse. and not only i that but hope that i had had at the start, _ that but hope that i had had at the start, previous _ that but hope that i had had at the start, previous to - that but hope that i had had at the start, previous to starting. the start, previous to starting the start, previous to starting the programme, _ the start, previous to starting the programme, was- the start, previous to starting. the programme, was obviously completely— the programme, was obviously completely obliterated. - the programme, was obviously completely obliterated. i - the programme, was obviously completely obliterated.- completely obliterated. i was never directed _ completely obliterated. i was never directed towards - completely obliterated.“ never directed towards anybody else who could help me. i would say i was just isolated from the community, from the experts. from nhs treatment, from specialist, qualified treatment.— from specialist, qualified treatment. , , ., , treatment. they explain why it was not working? _ treatment. they explain why it was not working? yes, - treatment. they explain why it was not working? yes, they i treatment. they explain why it i was not working? yes, they said if it doesn't _ was not working? yes, they said if it doesn't work. _ was not working? yes, they said if it doesn't work. it _ was not working? yes, they said if it doesn't work. it is _ if it doesn't work. it is because _ if it doesn't work. it is because you - if it doesn't work. it is because you have - if it doesn't work. it is because you have not| if it doesn't work. it is - because you have not done it properly— because you have not done it properly or—

because you have not done it properly or you _ because you have not done it properly or you are _ because you have not done it properly or you are lazy. - because you have not done it properly or you are lazy. and| properly or you are lazy. and lazy— properly or you are lazy. and lazy was _ properly or you are lazy. and lazy was the _ properly or you are lazy. and lazy was the word _ properly or you are lazy. and lazy was the word they- properly or you are lazy. and| lazy was the word they would use, _ lazy was the word they would use. that's _ lazy was the word they would use, that's not _ lazy was the word they would use, that's not my, - lazy was the word they would use, that's not my, it's - lazy was the word they would use, that's not my, it's not i lazy was the word they would i use, that's not my, it's not me paraphrasing _ use, that's not my, it's not me paraphrasing lt— use, that's not my, it's not me paraphrasing. it actually - use, that's not my, it's not me paraphrasing. it actually says i paraphrasing. it actually says even — paraphrasing. it actually says even a — paraphrasing. it actually says even a child _ paraphrasing. it actually says even a child can _ paraphrasing. it actually says even a child can do _ paraphrasing. it actually says even a child can do this - paraphrasing. it actually says even a child can do this and i even a child can do this and children— even a child can do this and children do— even a child can do this and children do do— even a child can do this and children do do this. - even a child can do this and children do do this. i’m“ - children do do this. i'm starting _ children do do this. i'm starting to _ children do do this. i'm starting to feel - children do do this. i'm starting to feel a - children do do this. i'm starting to feel a real. children do do this.“ starting to feel a real sense than of failure.— than of failure. oh, 10096 failure. — than of failure. oh, 10096 failure, yeah. _ than of failure. oh, 10096 failure, yeah. it's - than of failure. oh, 10096 . failure, yeah. it's misleading to make that _ failure, yeah. it's misleading to make that claim _ failure, yeah. it's misleading to make that claim that - failure, yeah. it's misleading to make that claim that you . failure, yeah. it's misleading i to make that claim that you can cure anybody with this particular technique or method. and is it harmful to say that within four or five or ten within four orfive or ten sessions, you will be cured? unless you have not followed my instructions? it’s unless you have not followed my instructions?— instructions? it's unethical to hold the client _ instructions? it's unethical to hold the client as _ instructions? it's unethical to hold the client as the - instructions? it's unethical to hold the client as the only i hold the client as the only person responsible for their progress. i was asked to video myself doing exposures and the videos had to be of a certain length that they would fit on this person's instagrammed feed. , ., feed. sorry, the treatment you are going _ feed. sorry, the treatment you are going through _ feed. sorry, the treatment you are going through where i feed. sorry, the treatment you are going through where you i feed. sorry, the treatment you i are going through where you had to expose yourself to fears was videoed? ., , ., ., , ,,

videoed? yeah, so we were asked to video ourselves _ videoed? yeah, so we were asked to video ourselves in _ videoed? yeah, so we were asked to video ourselves in distress, i to video ourselves in distress, to video ourselves in distress, to show the world basically, and it was, we were told it would help people so you felt guilty and if it was not quite right, we were told to do it again so you are in distress than trying to act, you know, and it was just so unethical. you know, iwonder what and it was just so unethical. you know, i wonder what my daughter in a crace, i did not want to do it, did not need to do it and i was myself outside the creche in distress, talking about how my anxiety had gone up about how my anxiety had gone up and down and it, it was put on as an advert.— on as an advert. this could potentially _ on as an advert. this could potentially be _ on as an advert. this could potentially be putting i on as an advert. this could i potentially be putting someone into situations where their symptoms good to make it worse no safety — symptoms good to make it worse no safety or containment there, so for— no safety or containment there, so for somebody in distress, i just— so for somebody in distress, i just find — so for somebody in distress, i just find that really problematic.- just find that really problematic. just find that really roblematic. , ., ,, , problematic. do you think it is exploitative? _ problematic. do you think it is exploitative? yes. _ problematic. do you think it is exploitative? yes. to - problematic. do you think it is exploitative? yes. to use i problematic. do you think it is exploitative? yes. to use it i problematic. do you think it is| exploitative? yes. to use it as advertising? —

exploitative? yes. to use it as advertising? yes, _ exploitative? yes. to use it as advertising? yes, yes. - advertising? yes, yes. something _ advertising? yes, yes. something many i advertising? yes, yes. something many of. advertising? yes, yes. i something many of these companies have in common is the hundreds of positive reviews out there. hundreds of positive reviews out there-— hundreds of positive reviews out there. ., ., , ., out there. that was mean, i did that, out there. that was mean, i did that. and _ out there. that was mean, i did that. and the — out there. that was mean, i did that, and the only _ out there. that was mean, i did that, and the only explanation i that, and the only explanation i can give to say why is i was offered free sessions, free treatment and return these testimonials, these reviews, and the other thing is i was defending my recovery, ifelt like i had to succeed at this because this was my last chance, so you are almost convincing yourself that it is working. convincing yourself that it is workint. ., ., working. how would you feel about paying _ working. how would you feel about paying your— working. how would you feel about paying your clients i working. how would you feel about paying your clients for| about paying your clients for testimonials, or offering free treatment, say for testimonials for you as a therapist, why is that a problem? its exploitative. in i that a problem? its exploitative. in terms of our ethical— exploitative. in terms of our ethical framework, that would be classed as exploitation of

our clients are. to use an exploitative tactic like this, if you — exploitative tactic like this, if you do— exploitative tactic like this, if you do that you will get cheaper _ if you do that you will get cheaper achievement, that feels completely wrong to me. it cheaper achievement, that feels completely wrong to me.- completely wrong to me. it has to be said _ completely wrong to me. it has to be said that _ completely wrong to me. it has to be said that they _ completely wrong to me. it has to be said that they will - completely wrong to me. it has to be said that they will also i to be said that they will also be people out there that felt the treatment they got from unqualified or unregulated therapist did help them, it did give them some relief and it is not illegal. but it's a question of harm. what happens if something goes wrong? and they are not part of the system? you can you get help from? did you have any idea that this whole world of treatments and cures and private therapy was completely unregulated? did you think there was some sort of protection or oversight? i had absolutely — protection or oversight? i had absolutely no _ protection or oversight? i had absolutely no idea. _ protection or oversight? i had absolutely no idea. which i protection or oversight? i had absolutely no idea. which is i absolutely no idea. which is crazy, you know, you just assume, which is, i don't think is a silly assumption.—

is a silly assumption. who could you _ is a silly assumption. who could you talk _ is a silly assumption. who could you talk to? - is a silly assumption. who could you talk to? i i is a silly assumption. who could you talk to? i felt i is a silly assumption. who . could you talk to? i felt like i could rrot _ could you talk to? i felt like i could not talk _ could you talk to? i felt like i could not talk to _ could you talk to? i felt like i could not talk to anybody. | could you talk to? i felt like i i could not talk to anybody. at first i felt so humiliated and ashamed of myself, especially ashamed of myself, especially as a scientist, i kept telling myself that i should have known better. to myself that i should have known better. ., . .. . myself that i should have known better. ., , ., , ., better. to start there is no regulation. _ better. to start there is no regulation, no _ better. to start there is no regulation, no complaintsl regulation, no complaints number,... ?_ regulation, no complaints number,... ? now, i meani often get— number,... ? now, i meani often get the _ number,... ? now, i meani often get the argument i number,... ? now, i meani often get the argument that| often get the argument that well, you know, you can go to a qualified person and get really bad treatment, and you can, but at least you can complain, there is a system where you can go but with something completely unregulated and unqualified, and so unethical, if it's legal, there is no where you can go, you are completely alone.- where you can go, you are completely alone. anyone can leaall completely alone. anyone can legally call — completely alone. anyone can legally call themselves i completely alone. anyone can legally call themselves a i legally call themselves a psychotherapist, therapist or counsellor in the private sector at the minutes so anyone can set themselves up as one.

hello there, i'm jordan. hello there, i'mjordan. but hello there, i'm jordan. but if you did want to have some letters after your name you can get official looking qualifications very easily. i was able to get this certificate for a cognitive behavioural therapy, one of the most popular types of therapy forjust most popular types of therapy for just £13. most popular types of therapy forjust £13. that was in 2019, and there's even more courses available now. the fact that i could just set up a slick website and say i have been through depression, i can cure you, how does that make you feel? it you, how does that make you feel? . ~ . you, how does that make you feel? ., ,, , ., , feel? it makes me feel angry. the training — feel? it makes me feel angry. the training that _ feel? it makes me feel angry. the training that i _ feel? it makes me feel angry. the training that i went i the training that i went through was really rigourous, it was— through was really rigourous, it was really demanding, on a personal— it was really demanding, on a personal level as well as an academic level. it was really demanding. really hard work to try to _ demanding. really hard work to try to be — demanding. really hard work to try to be therapist, particularly and more importantly, i feel angry for

members of the public who are potentially being exploited by those — potentially being exploited by those people and hard and that really _ those people and hard and that really worries me. what harm is being _ really worries me. what harm is being done. i really worries me. what harm is being done-— being done. i wanted to find out what — being done. i wanted to find out what the _ being done. i wanted to find out what the politics - being done. i wanted to find out what the politics are i out what the politics are behind the current system. we asked the government if there are plans to regulate... qualified practitioners and professional standards authority. there are arguments against further regulation, it could cost more money to implement which would then be passed onto therapists and patients. it could even reduce the number of therapists there when we need more than ever. but we do want to see change. this issue was raised in the

house of lords when it was seen how easy it was for me to set myself up as a therapist. abs, how easy it was for me to set myself up as a therapist. a bbc 'ournalist myself up as a therapist. a bbc journalist recently _ myself up as a therapist. a bbc journalist recently obtained i myself up as a therapist. a bbc journalist recently obtained a i journalist recently obtained a counsellor qualification certificate online for the price of 1299. the customer session on a 24—hour gym or a windproof umbrella. if = session on a 24-hour gym or a windproof umbrella.— windproof umbrella. if - have we not windproof umbrella. if - have we got to _ windproof umbrella. if - have we got to this _ windproof umbrella. if - have we got to this point _ windproof umbrella. if - have we got to this point now- windproof umbrella. if - have. we got to this point now where it feels like there is a regulatory vacuum, there is very little official oversight of an entire industry.- of an entire industry. does nothina of an entire industry. does nothing therapeutic - of an entire industry. does nothing therapeutic about| of an entire industry. does l nothing therapeutic about it, nor is there anything illegal about it and that is the big issue. 15 about it and that is the big issue. , ., ., ., issue. is not legal to call yourself... _ issue. is not legal to call yourself... but _ issue. is not legal to call yourself... but you - issue. is not legal to call yourself... but you can't| issue. is not legal to call - yourself. .. but you can't call yourself... but you can't call yourself _ yourself... but you can't call yourself a — yourself... but you can't call yourself a psychiatrist. - yourself... but you can't call yourself a psychiatrist. or. yourself a psychiatrist. or yvette, and any ——or any of those sorts of things, because they are what is known as protective titles, and a counsellor is one. research has shown that less than two—thirds of patients are unaware whether

or not there therapist as a member of the professional body. was difficult about this issueis body. was difficult about this issue is that we are coming at it from the point of view of most people don't know it exists, and the surprise and shock that there is no regulation and people have been harmed, but then like you say, if this is the first time people are hearing about it that it's the first time the top politicians are hearing about it, so there is not that momentum to talk about it, to even explore it yet.— even explore it yet. that's what i said, _ even explore it yet. that's what i said, and _ even explore it yet. that's what i said, and until- even explore it yet. that's what i said, and until it. what i said, and until it becomes something that is something big in the in tray or the inbox of a politician, then they got all sorts of other stuff. it they got all sorts of other stuff. , . , they got all sorts of other stuff. , ., , ., , stuff. it 'ust literally has not et stuff. itjust literally has not yet come _ stuff. itjust literally has not yet come out. - stuff. itjust literally has not yet come out. it - stuff. itjust literally has not yet come out. it is l stuff. itjust literally has l not yet come out. it is not stuff. itjust literally has - not yet come out. it is not an issue on anybody�*s radar. what was the moment when you decided you were going to leave, that this is not the cure, not the answer, this isn't the key? i

wasn't getting much of a response to the particular person and i spoke about my concerns of this particular person, and he said to me, we should really try someone who was trained in a professional, and no—one wants to see their son or daughter or child in distress. it son or daughter or child in distres— distress. it came from a qualified _ distress. it came from a qualified person - distress. it came from a qualified person that. distress. it came from a qualified person that i i distress. it came from a - qualified person that i really respected. it was like a lightbulb going on for me and i just saw it so clearly, and it terrifies me, that shift in perspective, of how in it i was and how convinced and brainwashed i was, and that's when i was like i am out, gone. how did you actually get out? what did you do? i how did you actually get out? what did you do?— what did you do? i left the whatsapp _ what did you do? i left the whatsapp groups - what did you do? i left the whatsapp groups and - what did you do? i left the whatsapp groups and i - what did you do? i left the - whatsapp groups and i blocked this person and ijust, and i was — this person and ijust, and i was terrified, my ocd and doubting disorder, i really doubt _ doubting disorder, i really doubt that i had done the wrong thing. _ doubt that i had done the wrong thing. not — doubt that i had done the wrong thing, not only had i still had

my disorder that was probably worse — my disorder that was probably worse off than when i started but that — worse off than when i started but that i_ worse off than when i started but that i had these layers of shame — but that i had these layers of shame and guilt and humiliation to deat— shame and guilt and humiliation to deal with at the same time. what — to deal with at the same time. what is — to deal with at the same time. what is your reaction to all this, everything i've told you? i am really alarmed by it. i am really really concerned that there are wonderful people out there are wonderful people out there who have potentially been harmed by these unscrupulous practitioners with very little training. it's really sad and upsetting and i think it is holding mental health go back i think it would be a huge problem in the not two distant future. ~ ., problem in the not two distant future. ~ . , ., , ., future. we have met people who had bad experiences _ future. we have met people who had bad experiences with - had bad experiences with unqualified therapists and treatment but for the vast majority of people, including me, therapy works. their story does not and they are. laura eventually, with the help of a charity and the nhs got the she needed. i charity and the nhs got the she needed. ~ , , ,., needed. i felt like this person actually wanted _ needed. i felt like this person

actually wanted me _ needed. i felt like this person actually wanted me to - needed. i felt like this person actually wanted me to get - actually wanted me to get better, and that that therapy was then benefiting me when i was then benefiting me when i was in the treatment with the unqualified person, looking back, or that was doing is benefiting them, and i am probably in the best place i have been with my mental health, i am following my values, i can feel again, and health, i am following my values, i canfeelagain, and i am feeling the full spectrum of emotion, from anxiety, and i am feeling a little bit lower, but being able to laugh and try again which feels really good. it sorta feels you are alive? i feel like i am alive, not a lump of rock or wood. thanks the help of— lump of rock or wood. thanks the help of my _ lump of rock or wood. thanks the help of my family - lump of rock or wood. thanks the help of my family and - lump of rock or wood. thanks the help of my family and my| the help of my family and my friends, — the help of my family and my friends, and talking about again. _ friends, and talking about again, and asking for help again— again, and asking for help again stop i don't have up on houe. — again stop i don't have up on hope. i— again stop i don't have up on hope, i would 100% believe in therapy— hope, i would 100% believe in therapy in a massive advocate for it. — therapy in a massive advocate for it. but _ therapy in a massive advocate for it, but it does take time, you — for it, but it does take time, you have _ for it, but it does take time, you have to be patient, if someone is promising a quick

fix or— someone is promising a quick fix or a — someone is promising a quick fix or a key, it's too good to be true _ fix or a key, it's too good to be true-— be true. for all the talk of endina be true. for all the talk of ending the _ be true. for all the talk of ending the stigma - be true. for all the talk of ending the stigma around| be true. for all the talk of - ending the stigma around mental illness, celebrities opening up and corporations saying they care about our mental health, most people still don't know how to get help safely, and with nhs at record levels, the pandemic taking its toll, more and more people will want to get help in the private sector. these people need to know what type of help they are getting, and that it is safe. is a time to look again at how we regulate therapy?

up and down and it, it was put on as an advert.

welcome to bbc news. i'm rich preston. our top stories: climate activist greta thunberg leads thousands of young protestors through the streets of glasgow, demanding world leaders take stronger action at the cop26 climate summit. we are tired of their blah, blah, blah. our leaders are not leading. this is what leadership looks like. marilia mendonca, one of brazil's most popular singers, dies in a plane crash at the age of 26. prosecutors in georgia allege that ahmaud arbery, an unarmed black man killed last year, came under attack from three white men who are on trial charged with his murder. and here in the uk, resignations at yorkshire county cricket over the racism row which has

engulfed the club.