the headlines: lithuania declares a state of emergency to prevent a surge of migrants from belarus. thousands are trapped at the border in freezing conditions. lithuanian has declared a state of emergency and imposed a border ban on nonresidents. an international group of leadihg scientists has issued a stark warning that the world is still heading for dangerously high global temperatures, by the end of the century, even if the 200 countries attending cop26 in glasgow, do honour the current promises on emission reductions a usjudge has denied donald trump's attempt to prevent investigators accessing white house records, about january's attack on congress. meanwhile, a congressional committee investigating the attack has issued summonses to ten more trump administration officials, donald trump has condemned the committee.

a man rescued from a cave in the breacon beacons after more than two days underground is said to be in good spirits, despite multiple injuries. around 300 people were involved in the operation to bring him out on a stretcher from what is one of the deepest cave systems in the uk. it took them more than 5a hours. hywel griffith reports. pulling together to help one of their own. the rescuers�* own pictures tell a story of teamwork in the most challenging conditions. today, as they cleared up, a chance to realise just what they'd achieved. we look after each other, we're an extended family, effectively. we don't know each other, all of us. we are like a big family, but if one of us is in trouble, no matter where it is, we'll go and help. the man they rescued was an experienced caver in his 40s. when he fell, he broke bones in his leg and jaw. there was no way he could

make his own way out. it's hard to fathom on the surface, but beneath us here are 37 miles worth of tunnels criss—crossing between the caves. there are only three ways in and out and this tiny metal door is one of them, an entrance to hidden world. it was here at cwm dwr that the caver entered with his group on saturday. they'd travelled around 500 metres when he fell from a ledge. his friends raised the alarm. the route back was too narrow and so the rescuers had to carry him 3km towards the top entrance. manoeuvring a stretcher meant it took ten times longer than usual, clocking up 5a hours — the longest carry in uk caving history. if you can imagine lots of passages, some big, some small, chambers, but they're all kind of stacked on top of each other, overlapping each other. tom is one of the 300 volunteers who put in a shift. he says one of the biggest challenges was taking

a floating stretcher through a long, perilous section of water. it has lots of little cascades, waterfalls, and also very deep potholes full of water. you'd be out of your depth if you went into it and potentially had to swim across. and you had to get a stretcher over all of that? yeah, that's right. it's rare for cavers to be in the limelight. for these volunteers the only reward is knowing others will come to their aid. hywel griffith, bbc news, at the nynnon ddu cave. now on bbc news, it's time for the travel show. coming up this week... the world's coldest cowboys. that was incredible. happily sighs. absolutely dashing across the water on horseback. ancient stained glass and very careful hands. i have been working here for 30 years and every time i see this, my heart sings. they are so beautiful. and how to get your old banger

across a frozen lake. oh, it is worse than i thought. it sounds very bad. it's fixed russian—style. as the seasons begin to change, icelandic farmers drive their horses down dales and mountains to events known as roundups so they can shelter them on a farm during harsh winters. we have travelled to the north—west of iceland to attend one of the biggest roundups in the country, known as laufskalarett.

we are here to find out why this spectacular icelandic tradition is more than an annual event, it is a way of life. icelandic horses — this breed perfectly embodies their homeland. they are rugged... ..tough... ..and absolutely stunning. and these guys are not just any old horses, these are viking horses. their ancestors were ridden by viking warriors, when they first came to iceland over 1,000 years ago. they can actually carry, they can pull, and they are excellent to sit on. so i think the vikings clever, not only cruel, they were also clever.

this is the only breed of horse in iceland and it is an important part of icelandic heritage and culture. these are all purebred icelandic horses and if they ever leave the country, they can't come back. haukur is a horse farmer, and every spring, when the lambing season is done, he and many other farmers let their horses spend their summers roaming free in the highlands and valleys of iceland. it is a very good for their upbringing. they live there with big herds, and they learn the most in the hard, the behaviour and how to survive, to walk in the landscape, all this stuff. horses neigh.

haukur is part of a collective of farmers who run a tour company called islandshestar, which gives tourist like me the chance to be a cold cowboy and find out what makes these horses so special. 0n the back of an icelandic horse, looking out at this landscape — it is not terrible, is it? icelandic horses have been bred over the years to be friendly and trusting of humans which means you can travel across the countryside in a unique fashion. the way we travel, when we are travelling with our horses, is that we have this heard of lose horses with us. they are there that we can stop and swap, you know, so we are always having a fresh horse so we can keep up the tempo, we ride a bit faster. we ride, stop, swap, go. we could go on forever, actually.

the way to get the wild horses to come with you is, up, up. up, up, like this. woo! most horses can trot, canter and gallop. but not every horse can tolt, special gait that icelandic horses have which does notjust get you across the harsh terrain but it gets you across it quickly and comfortably. the tolt, it feels like you are sitting on a soft sofa. they are very, very smooth. only one foot at the time is on the ground so they are kind of moving like a fast walk, actually. we reach the final leg of our ride and to complete it, we have to cross an ancient trail which goes straight across this lake. but as we swap our horses

in preparation for the task ahead, we receive a norse omen in the shape of a sea eagle. we have a lot of old beliefs here, superstitious a little. the ravens know a lot, the eagle is very important, he is watching over us a little and bringing us luck. that is what i believe in at least. and with that piece of good news, it is time to hit the water. that was incredible. happily sighs. absolutely dashing across the water on horseback, surrounded by these beautiful mountains. i think it's one of the most exhilarating things i have ever done in my life.

as autumn moves up, signs of winter begin to move in, and even if the rugged icelandic horses need help to shelter from the coldest season of them all. every year, the atlantic farmers head to the islands and into the valley to round up their horses and bring them home for winter. the horses are driven to lower ground, to places like this. this is laufskalarett, one of the biggest roundups in iceland. every farmer has a small piece of the paddock. you help each other out to put the correct horses in the correct part. this takes a while but it works. i think we can definitely fit this one in my hand luggage. due to covid, this amazing spectacle has seen fewer people able to attend this yea r�*s event.

usually it is packed with people, tonnes of people, everybody drinking, laughing, singing. it is much more quieter now. so it is a little bit different but it is cosy, it is nice. you have all the nearest family and friends so. in normal times, a huge ball would be held after the event, that thousands of people would attend. but in farm houses across the countryside, icelanders are still celebrating in their own ways that their faithful equine friends have made it home safely for the winter. group sings along - cheerful tune. well, we are not in a great

hall and noone is drinking back there but i think it is fair to say that when it comes to celebration, the old viking spirit is alive and well here. next, we are off to canterbury cathedral in south—east england where research has been taking place on its world famous stained glass. it has been thought that the earliest of this glorious glass dates back to 1176 but could this new fact—finding mission reveals some surprising results 7 choral choir sings. canterbury cathedral is one of the most important places of worship in england and it is wet archbishop thomas beckett was brutally murdered in 1170 by supporters of king henry ii. for hundreds of years, it has attracted visitors from all over the world and one

of his biggest draws has been its stunning stained glass. there is a magic about it. it changes all the time, with the light. 0ur wonderful early mediaeval stained glass windows were made by the superstars of their time and if they are truly some of the best in the world. behind the creation of these mediaeval masterpieces was the sophisticated and international artistic trade. most of the glass in the early and high middle ages was made in what is now northern france and southern belgium, that sort of region. they would make sheets of glass and then pack them into straw and onto barges and just send them across the rivers and across the channel to england. craftsmen, master masons, travelled all over europe. there were no real borders. i am preparing to paint the face of christ, no pressure.

chuckles. as well as maintaining and restoring the glass, leone's team carry out research. a detective story combined with archaeology. these are historical documents. they obviously tell us about how people in the middle ages experienced their world. this panel here, shows us the scene of the execution of eilward of westoning. and it is all depicted in great, graphic detail. this is a guy who had had his eyes gouged out and his testicles removed. it is really, really evocative of the scene. you can nearly hear him scream. but for over 30 years, there has been an unsolved mystery over the cathedral's

most famous windows, the ancestors of christ. we thought that the earliest of those dated to about 1176 but in the 1980s, a wonderful art historian, called madeline caviness, suspected these figures were much older. she thought at the time that nobody would ever be able to prove it. she was just going from a stylistic analysis. a team from university college london have been analysing some of the ancestor series. we use a non—invasive technique that sends a beam onto the surface of the glass. this beam of x—rays interacts with the material and re—emit another radiation that is detected and processed by the instruments. studying the chemical composition of the glass, we are able to understand the periods in which it was

produced and also its origin. so what we found out is that the glass from the ancestor series, it is older than we originally thought. so we proved an hypothesis put forward by madeleine caviness in 1987. choral singing. this new research estimates that the windows could be half a century older than previously thought, making them among the oldest in situ stained glass in the world. to now find that she has been proved right is just so thrilling, you know? decades later. that is so wonderful because that art historian is still alive, and to call her up and after all these decades later, to say to her, "you were right, and we could prove it", that is fantastic. hello madeline!

wonderful to see you, congratulations on getting your thesis verified after all this time! it was absolutely extraordinary. rejuvenating, and octogenarians love to have early memories, so it brought back so much. but the main thing is to realise that this little tiny pebble that i put in the water so long ago, 35 years ago, could so much later be taken up and ingeniously proved that i was right. so it does feel good. no, it has been a tough couple of years for all of us, and i am growing older. so absolutely extraordinary experience, it means a lot to me. it really does.

in proving that these windows are older than originally thought, we now know that they were present to bear witness to thomas becket�*s grisly murder, and the spectacle of king henry ii begging for forgiveness. and this discovery is just the beginning. the research on this ancient glass continues. who knows what other secrets could be uncovered? still to come on the travel show: we follow an amazing road trip across the frozen surface of lake baikal, almost 400 miles long and full of cracks. and as if that's not hard enough, here is the car they are doing it in. the ice is really thin, last year it was super thin and now this year

it is even more thin. so don't go away. our next trip is to a literal hot spot, located in a lava field in southern iceland that is over 800 years old — the blue lagoon. it's a geothermal wellness spa. containing waters with supposedly extraordinarily regenerative qualities, the site attracts visitors from across the globe. iceland runs 100% on renewable energy. the blue lagoon is man—made and its waters are the byproduct of a nearby geothermal power plant. what is fantastic about the blue lagoon, it is not actually blue, it is white, but the silica's reflection of the sunlight makes it appear blue. the waters flow from 2000 metres below the surface of the earth.

it is there, deep underground, that they are imbued with silica, algae and a whole host of minerals that are said to be great for your skin. so you could kind of call it, like, a fountain of youth here. it is really great for small lines and wrinkles in the skin, and it keeps you fresh and young forever. fountain of youth? brilliant! can't wait tojump in. of course i can't take these claims at face value, i'd really better try them for myself. oh! laughs. oh, this is a very odd sensation of being absolutely freezing on top, and very calm and comfortable down below. oh, it is lovely, it's like a bath. i suppose all i have to do now is lay back and wait to look 10 years younger. it's a hard job for some. and to wrap up this week, we head to siberia, for the first in a 3—part series following three friends from lithuania on a teeth—chatteringly cold journey across the surface of lake baikal, the world's largest freshwater lake.

and if that weren't challenging enough they are doing it all in a communist—era car. speaker: ladies and gentlemen, welcome to irkutsk— international airport, _ temperature is 27 degrees below zero... i am karolis, sometimes we call me an explorer. right now i am here with two other guys, and we are going to cross the biggest lake in the world, called baikal. to cross that lake either way, on foot, by car or motorcycle is a huge challenge. we will do this in a russian car, which we will buy today for 800 euros. keep looking. he is older than i am, 1.5 litres, 75 horsepower, good tyres. spiked tires,

and what about colour? colour is good. yellow. ok, i think we need to call him. i am calling regarding your car. you are selling the car? lada? jurgis, we can solve this somehow? yeah, i have an idea. it doesn't look good. air conditioning working? air condition, yes, yes. 0wner, what about heated seats? thank you. what do we have here?

oh, it is worse than i thought. we have to change it also. it sounds very bad. it is fixed russian style. laughs. you want a challenge? you'll get a challenge. laughing continues.

inspirational music plays. for me, the safety is on the first place. we need to come back home alive and healthy. we are already on the shore of baikal. i feel a bit shaking. i am just hope it all goes well. if the car breaks through the ice, guys, lam there. no, forget that, i don't care. is it water?

30 centimetres is not bad. not bad is 1.5 metres. the ice is really thin. last year it was super thin and now this year it is even more thin. fingers crossed, we need to pray well now. baikal is baikal, it is serious. you cannotjoke with that. laughs. and we will be catching up with karolis and co on part two of their epic drive next week. that is unfortunately all we have time for this week, but coming up next time: wish me luck! we find out how the fast

electric cars of extreme e are raising awareness of climate change. don't forget you can catch up on all of our adventures on bbc iplayer, we are on social media too. just search bbc travel show on all the main platforms and you will find us there. but for now from me and all my new viking friends i've met here in iceland, it's goodbye. hello there. it was nearly 18 degrees celsius in cheshire yesterday. temperatures which are well above where they should be for this time of year. it will be mild again for the day ahead because we've got that south—westerly wind off the atlantic, but with it some rain

which is all tied and from this weather front here which is pulsating, if you like, bringing some further outbreaks of rain through the small hours and into the start of the day it will be on and off throughout the day. it is coming into high pressure and it's weakening and to the north of it, the showers have been fading back to the coast with one or two around, but with clear skies actually it is turning chilly, a touch of frost in rural areas. while further south, temperatures of 11 and 12 are more like where they should be during the day at this time of year. but it's misty, it's murky and some patchy fog around across southern and eastern areas and there will be some hill and coastal fog underneath our weather front which is going to bring some rain. not too heavy but really rather dank, misty and grey conditions through the day. but mild 14s and 15s, whilst it should start to break up the cloud for northern england tojoin in with northern ireland and scotland with just the odd shower and some sunshine. still a brisk wind with more showers for the north

and west of scotland. and indeed here, through the evening and overnight, we'll have another band of showery rain moving southwards turning weaker but introduces a bit more cloud. so, perhaps the frost a little bit more patchy by the time we get to sunday morning. the cloud starting to break for the south because those weather fronts are rather weak and they are coming into this area of high pressure. so, we will have, i think, a few fog issues as well on thursday morning. so, once those clear away and at this time of year, both the coming morning and tomorrow morning, it will take it's time to clear and linger through the rush hour. once it does, some sunny spells, some rain is gathering on that southerly wind picking up further west and you may have noticed this massive rain behind me. that is all tied in with a developing area of low pressure. here it is, there's a big question mark as to where the wettest and windiest weather will be. but this is the capability of bringing gales and quite a bit of rain with it to end the week. so, it is one we are watching, do not take this as red because we'll be fine—tuning the details, but it looks as if he will be a mild into the week because those wins coming off the atlantic, but it should be moving out of the way in time for the weekend with the weakening feature,

so we will see quite a bit of dry weather and still quite a bit of cloud into the weekend. goodbye for now.

welcome to bbc news. i'm david eades. our top stories: the eu accuses belarus of gangster—style behaviour as the migrant crisis on the border with poland escalates. thousands are trapped in freezing conditions. a sobering message for the climate summit: scientists warn that even with the pledges in glasgow, temperatures are still set to rise well beyond global targets. we cannot kick this can down the road. it is not something we can do in 2030, 2050, we need to do it in 2021 and 2022. also, how the seabed's vital capacity for absorbing carbon is being harmed by the process of climate change: we have a special report. fleeing poverty and crisis in afghanistan. thousands are desperate to get out by any means necessary.