this is bbc news. i'm david eades. our top stories: the eu accuses belarus of gangster—style behaviour as the migrant crisis on the border with poland escalates. thousands are trapped in freezing conditions. a sobering message for the climate summit — scientists warn that even with the pledges in glasgow, temperatures are set to rise well beyond global targets. we cannot kick this can down the road. it is not something we can do in 2030, 2050, we need to do it in 2021 and 2022. a usjudge rejects an attempt by donald trump

to block access to white house records about january's attack on the capitol. fleeing poverty and crisis in afghanistan. thousands are desperate to get out by any means necessary. this is a deeply surreal site, a huge people smuggling hub operating completely openly. and manufacturing the red sauce on the red planet — it's the challenge to produce tomato ketchup under mars—like conditions. welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. the european union says it will impose additional sanctions on belarus because of what it describes as president lukashenko�*s gangster—style approach towards the migrants gathering at the polish and also now the lithuanian border. his regime has been accused of attracting migrants

into belarus simply in order to send them into the eu in retaliation for european sanctions. at least 2,000 are now gathered in freezing temperatures on the poland—belarus border from where our correspondent nick beake reports. 0n the edge of the european union, a new, desperate migrant camp has just emerged. 0n the left, those who have come to belarus and now made their way to the border with poland. 0n the right, barbed wire and lines of troops stopping them from crossing. emergency vehicle sirens throughout the day, we watched reinforcements race towards the village of kuznica. poland already has a force of 12,000 guarding its eastern border and is keeping aid agencies and journalists away. but we managed to make contact with some of those trapped in the freezing forest. we feel so bad because nobody help us in here

and we so hungry and thirsty, no water, no food, no help. like most here, aziz is kurdish, and from iraq. that's all poland police, they don't let us get inside. a big tension in here. and so many family and little children. what did the belarus police say to you? nothing, just, "go," and, "you can't go back." did they help you get to the border at all? yes, they help us. but getting any nearer to where this crisis has erupted is not possible, as we soon found out. can we go further in? are we allowed to go further towards the border today? no, no. poland, like neighbouring lithuania, is maintaining a state of emergency here. this is as close as we can get to the poland—belarus border today because beyond

this checkpoint lies a part of the european union that the polish authorities do not want us to see for ourselves. they are dealing with this growing migrant crisis, out of sight and on their own terms. poland has the support of the eu and nato, which accused belarus of using civilians as weapons and something the lukashenko regime denies. warsaw says moscow is pulling the strings. translation: this attack, - which lukashenko is conducting, has its mastermind in moscow. the mastermind is president putin. moscow denies this. tonight, belarus's president said he didn't want an armed confrontation, but warned that any escalation would bring in its ally, russia. translation: it will. immediately drag russia into this whirlpool and it's the largest nuclear armed power. i'm nota madman. i understand very well where this could lead to.

the united nations is calling for calm, but the politics are bitter and the situation on the ground increasingly desperate. nick beake, bbc news, on the polish—belarusian border. an international group of scientists has warned that the world is still heading for dangerously high global temperatures by the end of the century, even if countries do honour the promises made in glasgow at the cop26 summit. the independent climate action tracker says temperatures are heading for a rise of 2.4 degrees above pre—industrial levels as opposed to the stated target of between 2 and 1.5 degrees. it's calling it glasgow's massive credibility, action and commitment gap. from glasgow, our science editor david shukman assesses the progress so far at the summit. this is what the talks are all about — keeping the planet safe to live on. and when astronaut tim peake

filmed this view, he was really struck by what we keep adding to the air and what that's doing to the climate, so he's come to the conference in glasgow to spell out the dangers. every sunrise and sunset, we see earth's atmosphere, just 16 kilometres thick, and you realise that's it, that's what protects all life down here on the planet. and if we put things into that atmosphere, for example, wildfires, you see them covering entire continents, and the smoke disperses, and that's when you really appreciate that it doesn't have anywhere else to go. you know, we're all on this one planet together. but the challenge here at this massive gathering is to get delegates from nearly 200 countries to agree on what to do, to try to slow down the pace of climate change. so, after ten days of talking, what's actually been achieved in terms of heading off the risk of the planet getting hotter? well, just before the conference started, we were on course for an increase of 2.7 degrees celsius, a really dangerous prospect. now, if everyone keeps

the promises they've made in recent days, that's come down to something like 1.8 degrees celsius, but it all depends on everyone keeping their word, and even if they do, that's still above the target of 1.5 degrees, so the problem is far from sorted. we don't have much time. we want to stay under 1.5, and we're already seeing the climate changing, so now we need to invest, now we need to protect, we cannot kick this can down the road. it is not something we can do in 2030, 2050, we need to do it in 2021 and 2022. new extremes of temperature are proving hazardous in many regions already, and a study by met office scientists warns that a billion people could be affected by a combination of rising heat and humidity. working outdoors could become almost impossible. so, for some, climate change is about survival, including the tiny island nations of the pacific.

the realities of climate change... this government minister in tuvalu recorded a video appealfor help. we cannot wait for speeches when the sea is rising around us all the time. he's banking on the next few days of negotiations coming up with a way to make the world less threatening. david shukman, bbc news, in glasgow. scientists exploring the seabed 3.5 miles below the surface of the ocean have found that its capacity for absorbing carbon emissions is decreasing because of climate change. the latest discovery by the international iatlantic project, which receives significant funding from the eu, has revealed that if global temperatures increase to predicted levels the ocean will no longer act as the earth's largest carbon store. 0ur science correspondent, victoria gill, reports.

diving to ocean depths of up to 3.5 miles. this is the abyssal zone where robotic explorers are taking samples from places no—one has ever touched. a third of the carbon dioxide in our atmosphere dissolves in the surface of the ocean. when tiny marine plants and animals feed on that carbon, it becomes part of a cycle that's made the deep ocean and its muddy floor earth's largest carbon store. in an aquarium like this, you get a snippet of the life in the shallower parts of the ocean. but in the deep ocean floor, there are single—celled organisms that we can't even see, and it's those that are responsible for locking away carbon in the deep. in experiments carried out in the equatorial atlantic, about 500 miles off the coast of west africa, researchers brought tubes of sea floor mud into their ocean laboratories to test what happens to the carbon that's contained in these sediments

as the ocean temperature rises. so, we have to understand how this part of our planet will work in the future. in this abyssal ocean that covers 60% of the planet, we're finding that under higher temperatures, we can store less carbon in these places. the ecosystems are turning over the carbon faster. they're running at a higher temperature more quickly, and they're going to release more carbon in the future, and that's really worrying. we know more about the surface of the moon than we do about life at these extreme depths. and researchers say this latest finding is just a glimpse of how our greenhouse gas emissions are transforming this huge and misunderstood habitat. working out how the deep ocean will be affected by climate change and how it could help us to solve this very human—made problem will require much deeper exploration. victoria gill, bbc news. thousands of people are still desperate to find

a way out of afghanistan, weeks after the evacuation flights largely stopped. the remote town of zaranj, close to the borders of both pakistan and iran, is a major people—smuggling centre. smugglers there have told the bbc their business has more than doubled since the taliban takeover of afghanistan, and that a large number of those leaving hope to reach europe. 0ur correspondent, secunder kermani, and cameraman malik mudassir sent this report. afghans are leaving in their thousands. smuggled out from this remote corner of the country. no visas, no immigration, just people smugglers who pay a small fee to the taliban. most, desperate men hoping to find work. babies cry

at times, it feels as if the whole of afghanistan is trying to find a way out. the economy is collapsing and few have faith in the new taliban government. at least 4,000 leave here every day we're told. this is a deeply surreal sight — a huge people—smuggling hub operating completely openly. the taliban say that rising poverty here means that it's not possible to stop all these people from trying to leave the country. they say all they can do is control how many people get into these trucks to make the journey a little safer.

the taliban are making money off this trade, around $10 per truck. but they say the economic crisis and freezing of international funding makes the flow of people unstoppable. whose fault is it that all these people are leaving the country — is it the taliban? zaranj has long been a people—smuggling centre. under the previous government, corrupt officials were paid off. now, smugglers say their trade is flourishing.

at the border with iran, hundreds of afghans are deported back every day. but many more are setting off for the desert. we meet labourers, former soldiers, civil servants. they survived the war, but are fleeing its aftermath. secunder kermani, bbc news, zaranj. stay with us on bbc news. still to come: the dizzying challenge of producing tomato ketchup in conditions that are out of this world. the bombastic establishment outsider donald trump has defied the pollsters to take the keys to the oval office. i feel great about the election results. i voted for him because i genuinely believe that he cares about the country. it's keeping - the candidate's name always in the - public eye that counts.

success or failure depends not only on public display, j but on the local- campaign headquarters and the heavy routine workj of their women volunteers. berliners from both east and west linked hands and danced around their liberated territory. and with nobody to stop them, it wasn't long before the first attempts were made to destroy the structure itself. yasser arafat, who dominated the palestinian cause for so long, has died. palestinian authority has declared a state of mourning. after 17 years of discussion, the result was greeted with an outburst ofjoy, leaving ministers who long felt only grudgingly accepted among the ranks of clergy suddenly felt welcome. this is bbc world news. the latest headlines: the eu has accused belarus of gangster—style behaviour as the migrant crisis on the border with poland escalates. thousands are trapped

in freezing conditions. a tough challenge for the climate summit as scientists warn that even with the pledges in glasgow, temperatures will rise beyond global targets. a usjudge has ruled that a congressional committee investigating the january 6 attack on congress can access some of former president trump's white house records. the ruling came hours after the congressional committee issued subpoenas to ten more trump administration officials, including a former senior adviser and his press secretary. in a statement, donald trump condemned the committee and repeated false claims that the election was fraudulent. let's speak to our north america correspondent, peter bowes. he is following these details as they come in thick and fast. access to some, we are told, of the records from the white house. what would they be? 0ur

far does this go? we house. what would they be? our far does this go?— far does this go? we understand that these are _ far does this go? we understand that these are memos _ far does this go? we understand that these are memos between. that these are memos between president and presidential aides, telephone records, visitor logs, so it is clear the committee wants to get a picture of who was arriving at the white house, perhaps he was meeting with the president, the kind of conversations he was having in the days leading up to the attack on congress on january the sixth. they will now get those documents. they are likely to be handed over from the officials that are keeping them at the moment on friday unless president trump, former president trump goes back to court and get this in front of an appeal court. that could delay the process. but at the moment this seems to be quite a victory for the congressional committee. i think it is worth reading you a few lines from the judge's ruling, which is quite damning against former president from comanche frames this is a battle between the incumbent

current resident mr biden, and mr trump, current resident mr biden, and mrtrump, saying current resident mr biden, and mr trump, saying this is a dispute between a form and incumbent president and the supreme court has already made it clear that in such circumstances the incumbentjoe circumstances the incumbent joe biden circumstances the incumbentjoe biden positive view has greater weight. it was joe biden positive view has greater weight. it wasjoe biden who initially authorised of these documents stop the judge goes on, the plaintiff, donald trump, does not acknowledge the deference owed to the incumbent president'sjudgement. his position that he made override the express will of the executive branch appears to be honest on the notion that his executive power exists in perpetuity. but presidents are not kings and the plaintiff, donald trump, is not president, thejudge says. he retains donald trump, is not president, the judge says. he retains the right to assert his records are privileged but the incumbent president, joe biden, is not constitutionally obliged to honour. so there is no mincing of any words there, quite a definitivejudgement by of any words there, quite a definitive judgement by this

court, but it could go to another court.— court, but it could go to another court. briefly, can i ask you. — another court. briefly, can i ask you, telephone - another court. briefly, can i ask you, telephone records| another court. briefly, can i- ask you, telephone records and the like can possibly be accessed, but it is one thing to know who he might have been talking to, it is another to know what they were actually saying. know what they were actually sa in. , know what they were actually sa inc. , . know what they were actually sain. _, ..,, know what they were actually sain. _, .._ , saying. yes, and clearly, this isn't the _ saying. yes, and clearly, this isn't the end _ saying. yes, and clearly, this isn't the end of _ saying. yes, and clearly, this isn't the end of the _ saying. yes, and clearly, this isn't the end of the story, - saying. yes, and clearly, this| isn't the end of the story, but it perhaps mightjust fill in some gaps, and it could lead to other avenues of investigation. imagine a jigsaw that is trying to find all the pieces and put them together at this stage to tell the full story. ultimately, what they are attempting to do is see if there was any connection between whatever donald trump was doing, saying or who he was talking to during this time and perhaps any of the groups outside who actually launched that violent attack. is there any connection there? can they join the dots? they are really still on the fact—finding mission. but at the moment it is certainly framed as a

victory for the committee. they are getting the information that they wanted.— are getting the information that they wanted. peter, thank ou ve that they wanted. peter, thank you very much _ that they wanted. peter, thank you very much indeed. - the eu is expected to remove ukraine from its list of covid—safe countries today following a sustained increase in cases. ukraine's covid statistics currently make grim reading. less than one in five ukrainians are double vaccinated — that's the lowest rate in europe — and more than 600 people are dying from covid every day. from kyiv, here's our correspondentjonah fisher. in ukraine's hospital, the alarm bells are ringing. this latest record—breaking covid waivers filling the wards with patients and the vast majority of them are unvaccinated. this doctor says she is fighting to save the life of a a0 year mother of three. three other members of herfamily mother of three. three other members of her family are sick, all rejected the vaccine. —— a0—year—old. the product of deep—rooted scepticism of both

doctors and the authorities. translation:— translation: last week, hundreds _ translation: last week, hundreds gathered - translation: last week, | hundreds gathered outside parliament to protest against vaccinations. translation: ., . . vaccinations. translation: ., .. , vaccinations. translation: , translation: vaccine is poison. it is poison- _ translation: vaccine is poison. it is poison. many _ translation: vaccine is poison. it is poison. many people - translation: vaccine is poison. it is poison. many people now - it is poison. many people now died because they took the vaccine. a , died because they took the vaccine. , , ., ., vaccine. many people are alive now because _ vaccine. many people are alive now because they _ vaccine. many people are alive now because they got - vaccine. many people are alive now because they got the - now because they got the vaccine as well.— now because they got the vaccine as well. no, it is not true. vaccine as well. no, it is not true- it _ vaccine as well. no, it is not true- it is — vaccine as well. no, it is not true. it is not _ vaccine as well. no, it is not true. it is not true. you - vaccine as well. no, it is not true. it is not true. you arel vaccine as well. no, it is not| true. it is not true. you are a dock. true. it is not true. you are a dock- yes. — true. it is not true. you are a dock- yes. i _ true. it is not true. you are a dock. yes, i am _ true. it is not true. you are a dock. yes, i am a _ dock. yes, i am a dock, neurologist. _ dock. yes, i am a dock, neurologist. and - dock. yes, i am a dock, neurologist. and you i dock. yes, i am a dock, | neurologist. and you are auainst neurologist. and you are against vaccination? - neurologist. and you are - against vaccination? totally. wh ? against vaccination? totally. why? because _ against vaccination? totally. why? because it _ against vaccination? totally. why? because it is - against vaccination? totally. why? because it is not - against vaccination? totally. why? because it is not the l against vaccination? totally. i why? because it is not the way to not spread _ why? because it is not the way to not spread the _ why? because it is not the way to not spread the infection. - to not spread the infection. you must have a choice, right? with cases soaring, new restrictions have been introduced to try and force people to getjabbed. he has now in what is known as the red

zone, which means if you want to travel on public transport, like this bus, or on the metraux, you have to be vaccinated and have the papers to prove it —— kyiv. in practice, there are a lot of fake certificate around. we watched the police taking a very gentle approach to enforcing the rules. this woman has no proof of vaccination or covid test. but she is let off with a warning. that lady didn't have a vaccination certificate, but you let her stay on the bus? translation: we are mostly here as a preventative measure. we can't really demand things from people. the tighter rules have led to choose a vaccination centres. ukraine is now desperately trying to catch up as the bed fill up and the number of covid deaths mount.

jonah fisher, bbc news, in kyiv. it's one of the most down to earth products, but with universal appeal. and now, tomato ketchup is making its mark in the space race. the american food company heinz have created the first ever bottle of ketchup in similar conditions to the ones you would find on mars. a group of ia scientists have worked on the project for two years. i've been speaking to andrew palmer from the aldrin space institute and former nasa astronaut mike massimino. first, i asked mike why astronauts enjoyed their ketchup? well, david, thanks very much for having us on. it depends on the astronaut, but for me, it was very important. i like having ketchup on earth and i enjoyed having it in space as well, and it's notjust nutrition, but it's also a way to feel comfortable, remind you of home. meals are more than nutrition, they're also sharing times with your crewmates and remembering some things you love at home, but this is more than just about growing food on mars,

it really is about taking that technology and applying it here on earth, which andrew can tell you all about, but applying it here on earth to areas where we don't have the fertile soil that we are lucky to have in other parts of the world, so it's not only about a few astronauts in space, it's hopefully about helping many, many people here on earth. yeah, a bit of a condiment to deal with that dry food you get served all the time. andrew, just explain to us then the sort of things that you have had to do in order to recreate, if you like, the conditions that you would have on mars? right. well, thanks for having us on, and the idea that we're going to live exactly on the surface of mars is of course not completely accurate, right, so we're going to have to live inside a shelter, so the average temperature on mars is about —60 degrees celsius, it's mostly a carbon dioxide atmosphere, so that we're going to live inside shelters and habitats

and that's where these plants will be grown, so we created an artificial facility where we can control the temperature, the humidity, the lighting conditions, in fact the tomatoes that we ultimately supplied to heinz had never seen the light of day, they'd only survived under led lighting. have you been given a private tasting? no, i haven't, andrew, and i think hopeful of eventually having a chance to do that but... crosstalk 0n the assumption that it is ok or at least as good as, does this for you as an astronaut think that the prospect of living, working on mars has come a little bit closer? absolutely. i think that's right on, david. 0n the assumption that it is ok or at least as good as, does this for you as an astronaut think that the prospect of living, working on mars has come a little bit closer? absolutely. i think that's right on, david. i think that with all of what we've seen even in the past 1.5 years, where access to space has improved, automated systems, reusability, hopefully

the price coming down, the access to space will help and i think that projects like this become very viable. the things we cover. the official tasting takes place in a few hours. bye—bye for now. hello there. it was nearly 18 degrees celsius in cheshire yesterday, temperatures which are well above where they should be for this time of year. it will be mild again for the day ahead because we've got that south—westerly wind off the atlantic, but with it, some rain. that rain is all tied in with this weather front here, which is pulsing if you like, bringing some further outbreaks of rain through the small hours and into the start of the day, and it will be on and off throughout the day. it's coming into high pressure, so it's weakening, and to the north of it, the showers have been fading back to the coast with one or two around, but with clear skies actually it is turning chilly, a touch of frost in rural areas. whilst further south, temperatures of ii and i2

are more like where they should be during the day at this time of year. but it's misty, it's murky, some patchy fog around across southern and eastern areas and there will be some hill and coastal fog underneath our weather front, which, as you can see, is going to bring some rain. not too heavy, but really rather dank, misty and grey conditions through the day. but mild, 1as and 15s, whilst it should start to break up the cloud for northern england tojoin in with northern ireland and scotland with just the odd shower and some sunshine. still a brisk wind and more showers for the north and west of scotland. and indeed here, through the evening and overnight, we'll have another band of showery rain moving southwards tending to weaken, butjust introduces a bit more cloud. so, perhaps the frost a little bit more patchy by the time we get to thursday morning. the cloud starting to break for the south because those weather fronts are rather weak and they are coming into this area of high pressure. so, we will have, i think, a few fog issues as well on thursday morning. so, once those clear away, and at this time of year, both the coming morning and tomorrow morning, it will take its time to clear and it will linger through the rush hour. once it does, some sunny

spells, some rain is gathering on that southerly wind picking up further west, and you may have noticed this massive rain behind me. that is all tied in with a developing area of low pressure. here it is, there's a big question mark as to exactly where the wettest and the windiest weather will be. but this has the capability of bringing gales and quite a bit of rain with it to end the week. so, it's one we will watch, do not take this as red because we will be fine—tuning the details, but it looks as if it will be a mild end to the week because those winds coming off the atlantic, but it should be moving out of the way in time for the weekend with a weakening feature, so we will see quite a bit of dry weather but still quite a bit of cloud into the weekend. bye for now.

this is bbc news, the headlines: the european union has accused belarus of gangster style behaviour as the migrant crisis on the border with poland has escalated. thousands of people are currently trapped in freezing conditions. lithuania has declared a state of emergency and imposed a border ban on non—residents. an international group of leading scientists has issued a stark warning that the world is still heading for dangerously high global temperatures, by the end of the century, even if the 200 countries attending cop26 in glasgow, honour their current promises on emission reductions. a usjudge has denied donald trump's attempt to prevent investigators accessing white house records, about january's attack on the capitol. also a congressional committee investigating the attack has issued summonses to ten more trump administration officials