�*welcome to newsday, reporting live from singapore, i'm karishma vaswani. the headlines. a surprise move as the world's biggest economies, china and the us, agree to a joint approach to climate change on areas from cutting methane to emissions from industry and transport. the united states and china have no shortage of differences. but on climate, on climate, cooperation is the only way to get this job done. we have a special report from south africa where the effects of climate change are already being felt, as emergency measures are taken to protect the country's water supply. migrants in belarus continue to suffer, as they try to enter

poland, russia is accused of manipulating the situation for its own ends. and a pandemic of the unvaccinated — germany warns its hospitals are close to being overwhelmed by record levels of covid infections. it's seven in the morning in singapore, and 11 at night in the scottish city of glasgow where delegates at the climate summit were taken by surprise when china and the us issued a joint statement agreeing to improve cooperation over the next decade. dozens of countries have promised to phase out petrol and diesel—powered cars — but on this the us and china didn't sign up. our science editor david

shukman has the latest. can the world agree to slow down the release of the gases heating the planet? can it do what it takes to reduce the melting of the polar ice? and will this be enough to limit the rise of the sea? with the conference now entering its final days, delegates are trying to find common ground, and the uk, as host, has come up with a draft of a possible agreement. seven pages of text, welcomed as a first step by some but criticised by many. the words are almost meek and mild in many places, and the world is on fire. we've seen the australian wildfires, koalas being burnt alive. we need to make sure that we have got power and proactive commitments on the table. any document like this is bound to be a compromise, so it calls for the first time

for coal to be phased out — the dirtiest fossil fuel — but it doesn't give a date. it pushes for 1.5 celsius to be the limit of global warming, but currently, no one is on course to achieve that, and it urges countries to update their climate plans not in 2025, but far sooner, in fact next year, but there is no obligation. it needs to be really clear. there is no room for ambiguity and fudges. i see in this latest text, there's a lot of "urging" and "calling for", that kind of soft language, and it will need to be sharpened up, otherwise it will be very difficult to claim that this summit has succeeded. so the prime minister has stepped in, briefly, but, faced with an uphill struggle, he is now trying to manage expectations. the cop 26 summit here in glasgow is not going to fix it in one go. we're not going to arrest climate change right here, right now,

that is just impossible, and i think everybody has got to be realistic about that, but there is the possibility that we will come away from this with the first genuine road map for a solution to anthropogenic climate change. and that possibility was given a boost when china's top negotiator made a surprise announcement of a joint climate plan with the united states. the world's two biggest polluters agreed to reduce methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas, a positive signal of cooperation. the united states and china have no shortage of differences, but on climate — on climate — cooperation is the only way to get this job done. we will soon see what that adds up to in this last phase of the talks, where china is among industrial giants worried about brakes on its development.

and others, like madagascar, victims of climate change, are desperate for this conference to get them help. a core challenge to moving away from fossil fuels is how to fund the transition — in the united states congress has just passed an infrastructure spending package worth one trillion dollars, with hundreds of billions of dollars devoted to funding infrastructure upgrades and new energy projects. but how will the us go about spending it? to find out, i'm joined byjoseph kane from the brookings institute — he specialises in infrastructure and environment in the first instance, the news coming out of it today that china and the us are working together on this. it must be a positive step in the right direction. it is this. it must be a positive step in the right direction.— the right direction. it is a step and the magnitude _

the right direction. it is a step and the magnitude and - the right direction. it is a step and the magnitude and scale l the right direction. it is a step. and the magnitude and scale of the right direction. it is a step - and the magnitude and scale of the challenges is enormous. it goes beyond just the us and china but also two of the biggest players in the world dealing with these issues and notjust a future pollution and climate challenges, but in terms of current impacts, in terms of flooding, fires and other events will of the world. the us and china have a big role to play. at least the joe biden have a big role to play. at least thejoe biden administration is made pretty bored pledges by 2030 to have more than 50% reduction in emissions by 2050 definite zero economy and steps towards that are important but these are just steps, a long way to go with action and investment is what is needed.— go with action and investment is what is needed. joseph, a lot of the early financing _ what is needed. joseph, a lot of the early financing for _ what is needed. joseph, a lot of the early financing for this _ what is needed. joseph, a lot of the early financing for this will - what is needed. joseph, a lot of the early financing for this will come - early financing for this will come from that infrastructure that we're just talking about that the is gotten past. but the devil is in the details. how does the money to put

in to achieve the biden administration's goals. $1.2 trillion over _ administration's goals. $1.2 trillion over five _ administration's goals. $1.2 trillion over five years, - administration's goals. 112 trillion over five years, $550 billion of that, so almost half his new funding and the politics may be over on capitol hill and in washington but now begins the crucial implementation phase. how are federal agencies that the department of energy and others, going to co—ordinate with state and local leaders who are the primary infrastructure owners and operators across the us and water utilities and other local areas, are they going to implement all of this money? that is the key. at least in the us, we relied on the 20th century framework. building more roads, investing in us and climb the destructive practice that resulted in more costs and so the potential for this money to change plans, to change the types of projects we are

pursuing, is ultimately going to rest on state and local leaders to take that action and lead to improvements on the ground. joseph, we look at the — improvements on the ground. joseph, we look at the kinds _ improvements on the ground. joseph, we look at the kinds of _ improvements on the ground. joseph, we look at the kinds of projects - we look at the kinds of projects that the us was describing, particularly had come with us a big enough to get in sea change through the transition, to focus on climate friendly infrastructure projects was shallow it is a down payment. it is not going to solve everything payment. it is not going to solve eve hinu . ., everything and general opportunities, - everything and general opportunities, we - everything and general opportunities, we have everything and general i opportunities, we have to everything and general - opportunities, we have to start somewhere and the scale and the fragmentation and infrastructure across the country when we think of transportation, water, energy, broadband, housing. it is enormous. we have over 50,000 water utilities across the country that have so many different concerns on their plates, whether it is replacing pipes or

cleaning rivers and streams and so this legislation provides a certainty and capacity for a lot of those states and local entities but they are the ones were going to have to ultimately cultivate and harness this funding to lead to long—term structural change. this funding to lead to long-term structural change.— this funding to lead to long-term structural change. thank you so much for “oininu structural change. thank you so much forjoining us— structural change. thank you so much forjoining us on _ structural change. thank you so much forjoining us on tuesday. _ the german chancellor angela merkel has told president putin that russia must stop what she called the �*inhumane' exploitation of the migrant crisis on the border between poland and belarus. thousands of people have massed in the area wanting to cross into poland and enter the european union. poland's prime minister has accused belarus of �*state terrorism' in its handling of the crisis. 0ur correspondent nick beake sent this report. for those who'd hoped to find a new life safe in the european union, there is a grim realisation that this could now be home.

trapped between belarus and poland. the bbc was sent these pictures, as journalists and, crucially, aid agencies are being kept away. it is very, very bad. we managed to contact ilias, who was a scientist in iraq. he wants eu member poland to let them through. my message is, i want open the border to poland. why should poland open the border to you? one day, two day, three day, after, have died. you fear that people will die? yes. poland has been accused of pushing back migrants illegally. but it wants to highlight this — belarussian troops appearing to force migrants along the border. the polish accusing belarus of terrorism, masterminded by russia. and tonight, angela merkel

appealed directly to moscow. translation: you are all - following these disturbing images. i had russian president vladimir putin on the phone today and i asked him to take action with president lukashenko because people are being used here. but, russia has hit back, claiming the eu is provoking belarus. moscow released this footage which, it said, showed two bombers being sent to patrol its ally�*s airspace in a demonstration of solidarity and strength, as international tensions rise from this border chaos. this huge forest, called bialowieza, is one of europe's oldest woodlands, but it's now the epicentre of the continent's newest migrant crisis. thousands have been trying to make their way from belarus, through these trees, to here in poland. and many more are set to follow, determined to take their chances in this wilderness, if it means reaching eu soil.

because, in belarus's capital, minsk, more families were preparing to head to the border after being welcomed by president lukashenko's regime. undeterred by the spiralling misery tonight in the makeshift camps that soon awaits them. nick beake, bbc news, on the poland—belarus border. in other headlines, the british prime minister says mps who don't abide by parliamentary rules should be investigated and punished. but borisjohnson defended the principle of politicians having second jobs, and said he did not believe that the united kingdom was a corrupt state. the conservative mp and former minister sir geoffrey cox has denied breaching rules on mps' behaviour, after he was filmed apparently using his parliamentary office, to carry out paid work advising the government of the british virgin islands. 0ur political editor laura kuenssberg reports.

not always pretty from the outside. nor, perhaps, on the inside either. here's a former cabinet minister working as a lawyer from what seems to be his commons 0ffice. forgive my absence during some of the morning. i'm afraid the bell went off. "the bell went off," he says. in other words, he had to leave this lucrative session to go and vote. and here he was again, working in the caribbean, whilst travel restrictions were tight. there are real drawbacks to open registers. it becomes a political tool... pondering that while declaring outside work was the right thing, it could cause some problems. mps are allowed to do other jobs, but sir geoffrey, the booming brexiteer, has been the top outside earner in the commons and using premises funded by the taxpayer for other work is not allowed. after a couple of days of silence, a statement appeared on sir geoffrey's website, saying he is...

prime minister, are you running from the sleaze allegations? . borisjohnson might have boarded an early train to glasgow but 400 miles didn't give him much political distance. should mps have second jobs, prime minister? i there are plenty in his own party, as well as the odd person greeting him in glasgow, deeply unimpressed. but pressed for answers at the climate conference, he wouldn't say sorry for how he's handled mps with second jobs. those who break the rules must be investigated and should be punished. i genuinely believe that the uk is not, remotely, a corrupt country, nor do i believe that our institutions are corrupt.

labour won't let up because it thinks the prime minister is vulnerable. although, as an mp before he became leader, keir starmer earned more than £100,000 part—time, doing legal work. there are many different strands and claims of sleaze, that toxic mixture of money and politics that creates such suspicion. it's the behaviour of a few dozen, mainly conservative mps, that's being called into question, but the whole of this place and the prime minister'sjudgment have been mired in the mess.

the prime minister must know all�*s not well, feeling the need to say to the world that our parliament, our politics, are not corrupt, but allegations, day after day, do lap at the edges. faith, if lost, is hard to restore. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, westminster. you're watching newsday on the bbc. still to come on the programme. in south africa, the effects of climate change are already being felt, as emergency measures are taken to protect the country's water supply. we have a special report. the bombastic establishment outside as donald trump has taken the keys to the oval office. i feel great about the elections. i genuinely believe that he cares about the country. keeping them in the public eye that counts. success or failure depends not only on public display but on the local campaign headquarters and the heavy

routine work of their women volunteers. berliners from both east and west linked hands and danced around their liberated territory and with no one to stop them, it was not long before the first attempts were made to destroy the structure itself. yasser arafat who dominated the palestinian cause for so long has died. palestinian authority has declared a state of mourning. after 17 years of discussion, the result was greeted - with an outburst ofjoy. women ministers who felt only begrudgingly accepted among i the clergy suddenly felt welcome. this is newsday on the bbc. a surprise move as the world's biggest economies —— china and the us —— agree a joint approach to climate change authorities in parts of germany have banned

unvaccinated people from bars, restaurants and leisure facilities. as the country battles a fourth wave of covid — there are fears it could be the worst yet. the bbc�*sjenny hill has been to the state of saxony which has the lowest vaccine take up in the country — and the highest rate of infection. the relentless struggle against a persistent and brutal reality. this is intensive care at leipzig hospital, where the covid ward is filling up fast. the young woman in this bed had just given birth. her baby's fine, but doctors weren't sure if she would survive. there are 18 covid patients here — only four of them vaccinated. it's very difficult to get staff motivated to treat patients now in this fourth wave. a large part of the population still underestimate the problem, and everybody should have a friend,

someone in theirfamily who had covid infection in the past and therefore should realise what the problem could be for themselves, but nevertheless, we are still seeing so many patients that are not vaccinated. germany's anti—vaxxers are on furious form. 16 million germans over the age of 12 are still unvaccinated. this region, saxony, has the lowest vaccine uptake in the country and the highest rate of infection. the authorities here now restrict unvaccinated people. they're banned from restaurants, cinemas, football matches. this is discrimination, - and we want to say vehemently we do not accept this in our society. - this is discrimination, - and we want to say vehemently we do not accept this in our society. - they say the vaccination is ok, | i should give it to my children. j never! i have a feeling it should never go into my body, i

and i will fight all i can— to prevent it coming into my body. the german government admits it's unlikely now to persuade these people to accept a vaccine, but it has a bigger problem — how to stop the voice of dissent growing into real social division. because what many fear is another lockdown. nadine's bar barely survived the last one. even before the authorities required it, she banned unvaccinated drinkers. my business is dying. my dreams came true, and now they suffer from people who do not do the logical thing to prevent others from getting ill or dying, and i am so angry. long queues at this vaccine centre — evidence perhaps that some have changed their minds, though germany is rolling out the boosterjab as well, nervous about waning protection. but on the ward, they fear the damage is done. 0perations have been cancelled, procedures postponed to make way for covid patients.

doctors here warn the fourth wave could be the worst yet. they told us nearly half of the people who end up here will die, and for the country which invented one of the world's first covid vaccines, that is a source of great shame. jenny hill, bbc news. let's return to our top story now — cop26 — where the focus has been on how vulnerable countries in particular are tackling climate change. today we are looking at south africa which has suffered drought and water shortages. in 2017 the city of cape town came very close to becoming the first major city in the world to run out of water. 0ur africa correspondent andrew harding reports.

high in the mountains around cape town, a bold and frantic fight to save rain water. teams here are scaling the wilderness to remove alien trees, armies of foreign invaders, like the pine. that's because pine trees are thirsty, sucking up a quarter of the water that might otherwise end up in cape town's reservoirs. every stump here means more waterfor humans. and these days, africa's big, growing cities need every raindrop. girls in a makeshift settlement near cape town gather at a communal tap. drought, the calling card of climate change, has become part of their childhood. it's not something that will happen in the future, it's something that is happening right now, so it makes me worried, frustrated, it makes me want to take a stand and bring up change. it's three years now since cape town came terrifyingly close to running out of water completely.

we were here then to report on the world's first big modern city to face that threat. back then, a devastating drought turned the city's reservoirs into dust bowls. the good news is that it shocked the authorities and the public into taking drastic action to slash their water usage. the thought of running out of water in the city was quite tragic and very scary, and the city did quite well in preaching the message of saving water and we halved our water use. but cape town's successes are the exception here in south africa. not far from the city, the worst drought in more sthan a century is in full fury. man—made climate change blamed for these scenes in the eastern cape. in desperation, wild animals are coming to farms in search of food. but it's been seven years

with almost no rainfall. farmers here now trudge across their bone—dry pasture land and wonder if the game is up. sometimes i don't want to think about the future. if you see our animals now, i'm not thinking about tomorrow. i'm just struggling to see, how can i survive today? and in the towns and even cities here, the mood is not much cheerier. frantic scenes when a charity brings a water truck to a settlement where the taps have been dry for months. but there is more to this than drought. it is easy and very tempting to blame the drought for the desperate conditions facing these families, but the truth is that this is about a failure of planning, of maintaining the infrastructure here.

it's about a lack of investment. across this region, some 40% of water reserves are being lost to leaking pipes. that's down to mismanagement and corruption. i'm worried about the future. why do you think it's going to get worse? because they don't look after us. the government? yeah, they don't look after us. this is now a continent's challenge to manage water better and to manage it more fairly. because the droughts are queueing up ominously and there is no time to spare. andrew harding, bbc news, south africa. that's all for now — stay with bbc world news.

hello. temperatures fell back closer to average again in scotland and northern ireland on wednesday. but milder air is coming back and the warm autumn continues because this week so far, 17 on monday was the high temperature. 17 again on tuesday. wednesday saw 16 degrees and there is another push of milder air approaching from the atlantic around the area of low pressure, which is also going to bring the chance of rain and some windier conditions for day and night, anyway. conditions for a day and a night, anyway. this would start thursday morning. you will be quite chilly across parts of southern scotland, northern ireland in northern england. we will see some clear spells overnight, also the far north of scotland, so there is a touch of ground frost possible. this area of rain in scotland beginning with the cloud as it

pushes its way northwards again. for england wells that will be a lot of cloud, mist and murk to begin with, some fog patches, poor visibility, drizzly in places and we will see a spell of rain pushing through northern ireland, parts of wales, northwest england on toward self with scotland today is the day goes on with the fresh wind in the west. these are average speeds, some gusts of around a0 miles an hour developing on the western coasts by the end of the day. but with that, the milder air is coming back into belfast at 1a degrees. it will start to creep northwards across scotland once again with this area of rain. and as we go on through thursday night, there will be a few spells of rain running into northern ireland and scotland, northern england, wales and a few patches of rain just starting to push a little further east across england as a going to friday morning. it is a mild night, mild start to friday. let's take a look at that area of low pressure. looks to be working across scotland during friday but of course the weather from around it will be impacting all of the uk. doesn't mean to say we're all get to see a huge amount of rain. the further south you out to just be

a few splashes here and there. closer to that low pressure system through northern ireland but especially central southern parts of scotland and england the chance of seeing the heavier dampers on friday for the early rain on the far north of mainland scotland the rest of the day looks dry. it's a blustery day across the uk again, it's another mild one of us up into the weekend this area of low pressure will move away quite quickly allowing high pressure to build in behind but that settles the weather down again. it will become mainly dry over the weekend, there will be a lot of cloud around, sunshine at a premium regardless though, we have a mild weekend on the way.

this is bbc news, the headlines. the us and china have released a rarejoint declaration pledging action on climate change. the us climate envoyjohn kerry said it showed that cooperation was the only way forward. new research suggests conspiracy theories promoting climate change scepticism increased ahead of the glasgow conference. britain's prime minister borisjohnson — says a deal for the whole conference is in sight but a determined push will be needed to get it over the line. he was speaking after a draft agreement was published. and speaking after talks at the white house, the president of the european commission, ursula von der leyen, condemned belarus as an authoritarian regime which is using migrants to destabilise its democratic neighbours.