�*welcome to newsday, reporting live from singapore, i'm karishma vaswani. the headlines. as the cop26 climate summit reaches the closing stretch, the gathering's president warns that time is running out to reach an agreement. we are urging ambition and held meetings with quite a number of the negotiating groups and i have been told by groups, but individual parties, but they want to see ambition at the end of cop26. i'm christian fraser in glasgow — where negotiations continue — and where we could get another draft deal in the coming hours. also in the programme — western powers at the un security council condemn the actions

of belarus in the crisis over its border with poland. a record number of people are now having to wait for routine hospital treatment in england. nhs leaders say the strain on the service this winter could be unsustainable. and fw de klerk, the man who released nelson mandela from prison, and ended white rule in south africa, has died at the age of 85. it's seven in the morning in singapore, and ii in the evening in the scottish city of glasgow, where negotiators have just 2a hours to agree a deal that will limit global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees.

there was a gloomy message today from the head of the un, antonio guterres, who said governments were unlikely to make the pledges needed, to cut greenhouse gas emissions in line with the targets set. let's cross live to my colleague christian fraser who's at the cop 26 climate summit — christian it is a race to the finish now there — what's the latest on that draft agreement? hello and welcome to glasgow where delegates at the cop26 summit are hammering away at a final agreement that needs to be signed off by nearly 200 countries. the summit officially ends on friday, although it's widely expected to overrun. but it's still not clear how much it can hope to acheive. let's start our coverage from the summit with this report from our environment editor david shukman. the endgame of the conference — urgent consultations with governments back home, checking the agreement line by line, assessing every word.

the warnings about rising temperatures are clear, but national interests are at stake, so the talks go on. we are not there yet on the most critical issues. there is still a lot more work to be done and cop26 is scheduled to close at the end of tomorrow. so, time is running out. so, to try to maintain momentum, relatively easy decisions were passed tonight, and this follows initiatives by groups of nations last week. a plan to cut methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and a call to end the use of coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel. but what matters is agreements that governments can't wriggle out of. so, in this final stretch,

what are the big arguments that still need to be settled? well, the first is how often countries should update their plans for going green. some say that's needed every year. others say that's too often. then there's the fundamental question of cutting the gases that are heating the planet. they're still heading up, when the science couldn't be clearer that they've got to be falling fast. and then aid for the poorest nations. they were promised it more than a decade ago. it still hasn't been delivered. it's a relief that people are recognising that we need to help communities on the front lines of the climate crisis, but it's a frustration that rich governments aren't yet doing what it takes to help them out. even now? even now. they hear the sounds, they're putting fine words on paper, but no real mechanism to address this crisis. and as a reminder of what this is all about, torrential rain struck the indian city of chennai. floods spilling into a hospital.

scientists have long warned that even more violent extremes are possible, but acting now could head them off. so, some countries want to move away from fossil fuels entirely. the uk and many others say it's not the right time. another example of different perspectives in these last hours. david shukman, bbc news, in glasgow. small and low—lying island nations are among the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. countries like tuvalu — in the pacific. the volcanic archipelago halfway between hawaii and australia is just two metres above sea level — and its government is so concerned about rising sea levels that this week it announced it was looking into how to protect its legal status as a nation state — after it becomes entirely submerged under water. the existential threat faced by small islands.

it was brought home this week by tuvalu's foreign minister, simon kofe. in a recorded video message to cop26 delegates, he called for bold, alternative action while standing knee—deep in seawater — showing how rising sea waters are already having fast and lasting effects on his country. i'm joined now by the foreign minister of tuvalu simon kofe. that video of you knee—deep in water went viral all the way around the world. tell us about that. where were you standing?— world. tell us about that. where were you standing? thank you. i was invited to deliver _ were you standing? thank you. i was invited to deliver an _ were you standing? thank you. i was invited to deliver an opening - invited to deliver an opening statement to one of the events at the cop26 on climate mobility and i decided to take that in the water and a location where i delivered my statement used to be dry land. many years ago. and as you can see in the video, there's a concrete block

behind me and that was built by the american civil war to as a base for that and i was on land as well. so, the video just reveals the realities that we are facing here with the impacts of climate change. find impacts of climate change. and brou . ht it impacts of climate change. and brought it home _ impacts of climate change. and brought it home very loudly for everyone here, and certainly have right effect. but when you give reports back from here in glasgow from your team better here, whether you are satisfied with what is being discussed. i you are satisfied with what is being discussed. ~ . ., , discussed. ithink, certainly there have been — discussed. ithink, certainly there have been positive _ discussed. ithink, certainly there have been positive steps - discussed. ithink, certainly there have been positive steps that - discussed. i think, certainly therel have been positive steps that have been taken. we've had pledges made by some of the bigger countries in the first week of cop26, but we acknowledge that it is a difficult process to get everyone on board with certain issues. but, the team are feeling quite optimistic that they were able to come back with concrete outcomes from this meeting.

what would a concrete outcome be when it comes to finance meditation and loss and damage? fine when it comes to finance meditation and loss and damage?— and loss and damage? one of the areas that we _ and loss and damage? one of the areas that we are _ and loss and damage? one of the areas that we are really _ and loss and damage? one of the i areas that we are really campaigning as well as the pacific is to have a stand—alone facility for loss and damage finances. i think that is the issues that is being debated at the moment and being negotiated at the moment and being negotiated at the moment and being negotiated at the moment and i understand there is pushback from some of the bigger countries as well. but fingers crossed we will come back with a concrete outcome and clear implementation plans as to how that is going to be implemented. i was talkin: to is going to be implemented. i was talking to your— is going to be implemented. i was talking to your climate _ is going to be implemented. i was talking to your climate change minister who is here and glasgow used on me that one of the things you're doing in the international stage of the moment is trying to ensure your international maritime rights if and when you descend under the waves. why is that so important?

it is important because our government revenue comes from the fisheries and we have a very rich fisheries and we have a very rich fisheries here and so, we would want to maintain the sixth exclusive rights to this and we are taking legal avenues to secure that for the future. but beyond that, we're looking at the legal status as a state international law. that is another strategy that we're looking at at the moment. it another strategy that we're looking at at the moment.— another strategy that we're looking at at the moment. it does drive home an existential— at at the moment. it does drive home an existential threat _ at at the moment. it does drive home an existential threat you _ at at the moment. it does drive home an existential threat you are - at at the moment. it does drive home an existential threat you are facing i an existential threat you are facing and thank you forjoining us this evening to talk about it. he much appreciated. evening to talk about it. he much appreciated-— evening to talk about it. he much a- reciated. ., ~ , . m appreciated. thank you very much. it does drive home _ appreciated. thank you very much. it does drive home why _ appreciated. thank you very much. it does drive home why the _ appreciated. thank you very much. it does drive home why the final- does drive home why the final negotiations, particularly on finance and how much of their finances given adaptation for those countries that are already on the front line of climate change and are

already suffering, why that is so important. another draft will be released in the next few hours and we'll see what is relating to finance and what taken out of it. thank you and here is your team. but those latest lines coming out of glasgow. do be sure to stay tuned to that but now. we're turning to the migrant crisis on the poland—belarus border now, which is rapidly becoming an escalating international row. within the past hour, western member states of the united nations security council have condemned the actions of belarus, accusing it of what they called an orchestrated instrumentalization of human beings by sending migrants to the frontier, to destabilise the eu's border

and to distract from its own rights violations. the bbc has filmed hundreds of migrants gathering in minsk, the belarus capital. they are apparently waiting to board buses that then take them to the border with poland. there they will attempt to cross — to make it into the european union. poland has accused russia's president putin of masterminding the crisis, a claim the kremlin has dismissed as "irresponsible". the bbc�*s will vernon is in minsk, with more on this story. we saw large groups of migrants gathering here today in the centre waiting for transportation to the polish border. the vast majority that we spoke to were from iraq and they said they have been so these package deals between three and $4000in package deals between three and $4000 in this package deals included a belarusian visa and flights,

tickets to minsk and there are going to go through turkey, syria and they said that once they got here, they were told that they can make their way to europe and the border would be open and the board would be unguarded. they are aware of the difficult is they might face at the polish border but these people, they say they are desperate, and they cannot stay in belarus and allow them to not go back to their home countries and so, many of them was saying that they have no choice. it is bitterly cold, especially at night and many were not prepared for the winter and did not have appropriate clothing and many with small children but there was a real sense of hopelessness among them and they still feel that even going and attempting what may seem like a hopeless endeavour is better than the alternative. let's turn to the uk now — and new figures suggest that up to 6 million people are waiting for routine hospital

treatment in england alone, that's the highest level since records began. the organisation which speaks for the entire healthcare system in england, has warned of unprecedented demand with the ambulance service in particular coming under extreme pressure. health services in other parts of the uk are experiencing similar problems. sophie hutchinson has more across the length and the breadth of the uk, ambulances are queueing. unable to hand over the sick and injured patients they have on board because hospitals have no room. and ambulances stuck in queues aren't available to attend other emergencies, leaving patients in need waiting at home. i called an ambulance at 11.50, and they said they would send help asap. two weeks ago late one evening christina called 999 when she found her grandma, margaret, slumped in a chair, having a stroke.

but after waiting three and a half hours, she called again to ask when the ambulance would arrive. they explained to me that she was already down for a blue light ambulance from the first call, they had nothing available at that time, and they couldn't give me a time when they were able to get to me and then they arrived at 5.30am. her grandma then queued for three hours outside hospital, taking her wait for care to around nine hours, which meant she was out of time to receive medication to reverse the damage done by the stroke. and older people are facing devastating delays in north—west england, according to this paramedic who asked to remain anonymous. i've been out to people who've been on the floor for in excess of 20 hours, and we've just not had the resource to go to them. that's not because we don't care. it's just because we physically haven't got anybody to go. do you think people are losing their lives because of the delays at the moment? absolutely.

we know of stories of people dying in the back of ambulances where we've not been able to off—load at hospitals. we've got experiences of going out to people who, if we'd have got to them a little bit quicker, we could have started treatment and potentially the outcome could have been different. north west ambulance service has said it's increasing the numbers of available ambulances and taking on additional staff in its 999 call centres. all 14 ambulance services in the uk have escalated to the highest level of alert and some have even gone beyond, like south central, which recently declared a critical incident when managers said the service became unsafe. for the last three months, these handlers have answered an additional 21,000 999 calls compared to two years ago. and just before the critical incident was declared here, instead of having an average of 20 patients waiting for an ambulance, they had 120 patients waiting. they're operating right at the edge

of what they can manage, in order to keep patients from harm. have you got the pain - in the chest at the moment? south central has now asked the government for military support. armed forces have helped ambulance services in other parts of england, wales and scotland, and have supported hospitals in northern ireland. and hospitals are also under immense pressure in other parts of the uk, with record waits for non urgent treatment. things are already very, very difficult in the health service. it is compromising patient safety. it is compromising quality of service. ministers in england say they're helping by providing more money. we put extra funding in, {5.4 billion, for this winter period, just to basically help with the processes, help to get extra staff in, and you know, also help with more ambulance staff, but of course, it's difficult to do that at short notice. governments in all parts of the uk

say they're aware of the challenges and are doing their best to support ambulance services, but with winter coming, the pressure is likely only to get worse. you're watching newsday on the bbc. still to come on the programme. south africa's last white president, fw de klerk, has died aged 85. in a speech released after his death he apologised for the hurt of apartheid. the bombastic establishment outside as donald trump has taken the keys to the oval office. i feel great about the elections. i genuinely believe that he cares about the country. keeping them in the public eye that counts. success or failure depends not only on public display but on the local campaign headquarters and the heavy routine work of their women volunteers.

berliners from both east and west linked hands and danced around their liberated territory and with no one to stop them, it was not long before the first attempts were made to destroy the structure itself. yasser arafat who dominated the palestinian cause for so long has died. palestinian authority has declared a state of mourning. after 17 years of discussion, the result was greeted - with an outburst ofjoy. women ministers who felt only begrudgingly accepted among i the clergy suddenly felt welcome. this is newsday on the bbc. our headlines. as the cop26 climate summit reaches the closing stretch, the gathering's president warns that time is running out to reach a deal. western powers at the un security council have condemned the actions of belarus in the crisis

over its border with poland. the man who ended white rule in south africa, fw de klerk, a key figure in the country's transition to democracy, has died at the age of 85. mr de klerk, who served as president for 5 years, ordered the release of nelson mandela from prison — a decision which led eventually to mr mandela's election to the presidency. in a final message, recorded before his death, mr de klerk repeated an apology, for the pain and hurt caused to black and minority south africans, during the apartheid era, as our correspondent andrew harding reports. we did not only admit the wrongness of apartheid... fw de klerk was terminally ill when he recorded this farewell message, released today — a man still wrestling with his place in south africa's tortured history. i, without qualification,

apologise for the pain, and the hurt, and the indignity and the damage that apartheid has done. back in the 1970s and �*80s, south africa was drifting to all—out conflict. the security forces of a racist white minority government battling against an increasingly defiant black majority. when fw de klerk came to power in 1989, nobody expected this conservative figure to change much. after all, his government ran a nation where black people were treated as inferior, to be kept apart. but within months, de klerk announced a shocking u—turn. the prohibition of the african national congress, the pan african congress, the south african communist party and a number of subsidiary organisations is being rescinded. the anc, the outlawed liberation

party of nelson mandela, from prison after 27 years. was unbanned, and soon after that, mandela himself was released from prison after 27 years. cheering. applause. soon, the two men, once bitter enemies, were sharing the nobel peace prize as south africa inched towards democracy. what nobody can take away from him is his foresight. he seized the moment, he showed the courage, and he was the figure that eventually saw the end of apartheid, and nelson mandela elected as president in those heady days of the new rainbow democracy. but the transition was not peaceful. thousands of black south africans died during political violence that was, it turned out, deliberately stirred up by white security forces. still, de klerk and mandela kept negotiating, nudging their nation forward — not that they were ever close. so help me god. then, in 1994, history was made, as mandela

was sworn in as democratic south africa's first president. de klerk retreated backstage. later he apologised for his role in apartheid but insisted he'd never authorised any criminal acts. within my knowledge and experience, i never included the authorisation of assassination, murder, torture, rape, assault or the like. many south africans found that hard to swallow and today there is a lukewarm tone to some tributes. he had the courage to step away from the path that his party that he led had embarked upon from 1948, and we will remember him for that. de klerk was a divisive figure, and an unlikely revolutionary, but history will record his key role in bringing freedom to south africa.

a new species of dinosaur with an unusually large nose has been identified by a retired doctor in southern england. the bones were uncovered more than forty years ago on the isle of wight. they'd been in storage until drjeremy lockwood decided to reconstruct the skull of the animal and realised they belonged to an undiscovered species. duncan kennedy has more gnarled, nobbly and what a nose! this is how the not very dainty dino would have looked like. and the usp of this vip, its bulbous snout. and here we have vertebra or backbone of... its remains had spent 40 years in old boxes untiljeremy lockwood, a retired gp, went through them. he'd always believed there had to be more than two types

of dinosaur on the island. and he was right. i took a bone, which was a nasal bone, and i thought, "i'm going to try and reconstruct what the skull of this animal looked like," so i sort of put it into life position. and i thought, "goodness me, this has got a bulbous end to the end of its nose." so it became obvious that this was something completely different. it took dr lockwood two years to sift through all the bones, and this new species has now been confirmed by experts. just along there is where i found it all them years ago. that's right. keith simmonds is the one who found the dinosaur near a village called brighstone, which is why it's being called brighstoneus simmondsi. it was in 1978 keith discovered the bones, and now the new species has been confirmed he's delighted. it's nice, yeah. a bit of recognition for the work done over the years. it's ideal. and now you found out you found

a new species of dinosaur, what do you make of that? something for the history books really, and yeah, it's really good. this coast was already known as a world class centre for discovering dinosaurs. it seems some have, well, just got a nose for it. duncan kennedy, bbc news on the isle of wight. let's bring you some live pictures now from the international space station. this is the amazing view of the space x dragon spacecraft approaching the space station. where they will dock and unload the four astronauts on board. spacex launched four astronauts toward the international space station on a brand new dragon spacecraft wednesday night from nasa s kennedy space center in florida, continuing the company s swift acceleration of crew missions just two days after another capsule returned to earth.

the successful blastoff from florida marked spacex s fifth launch to send humans into space since ending a gap in us orbital human spaceflight capability in may 2020. hello. with low pressure moving right across the uk, the week is coming to a windy end and there's the chance of rain as well. there will be some heavier bursts of rain, especially in scotland. and around this area of low pressure, plenty of mild air moving in on quite a strong wind, it has to be said, particularly across coastal parts of the north and west. here comes the low pressure, the centre of which will move across scotland as we go on through friday. it's in scotland we're going to see the heaviest rain. now, these are the temperatures to begin the day, so already very mild — 11 degrees in belfast and manchester, for example. the heaviest rain will be in scotland, a couple of pulses of that working on through, but heaviest and most persistent in hills in the west. and very wet for a time across much of northwest england.

showery bursts of rain for northern ireland, for wales, across the rest of england. certainly not raining all the time. there will even be a few brighter breaks here and there as well, but it is going to be blustery. these are average wind speeds. around the coasts of northern and western scotland, northern ireland, through the irish sea, may get some gusts around 40—50 mph, so there will be some gales in places here. we know it's a mild start. temperatures will edge up a little bit further. we're talking highs of around 14, 15 degrees for many places. it will be turning drier in scotland going into the evening. and overnight, there will be some clear spells and fog patches. wales and england keeping a lot of cloud here and still some showery rain around, mostly across eastern parts of england going into saturday morning. and the winds gradually easing, though staying quite windy along that north sea coast. and it's another mild night and start to saturday. into the weekend, the area of low pressure's moving away, this little ridge of high pressure is moving in, although there are weather fronts in the atlantic not too far away. that said, much of the

weekend will be dry. some fog patches in scotland on saturday morning, some sunny spells, though, to follow. plenty of cloud around elsewhere. still a few showers, mainly towards the eastern side of england. still breezy along that north sea coast. may see a bit of patchy rain moving towards northern ireland later in the day. again, it's mild. temperatures for the most part in double figures. some fog patches around as we go on into sunday, a lot of cloud, a few bright or sunny breaks here and there, the chance for thicker cloud across western areas and some mostly light and patchy rain. some heavier bursts of rain, though, moving towards the northern and western isles, the far northwest of scotland, on what will be another mild day.

this is bbc news. i'm a i'm a shaun ley with the latest headlines. the president of the cop26 climate summit — alok sharma — has said time is running out to reach a deal. the un has warned more needs to be done to drastically limit the impacts of climate change. western members of the united nations security council have condemned the actions of belarus in the crisis over its border with poland. they accused belarus of deliberately sending migrants to the frontier, to destabilise the eu's border. up to six million people are now waiting for routine hospital treatment in england — that's the highest level since records began. the head of the nhs confederation has warned that unprecedented demand could endanger patient safety. and fw de klerk — the last white president of south africa — died at the age of 85. in a speech released after his death, he apologised

for the hurt of apartheid.