welcome to newsday, reporting live from singapore, i'm karishma vaswani. the headlines: is a deal on climate change in sight? negotiators at the glasgow summit have just 2a hours to get a result that will limit global temperature rises. we are urging ambition and i have been told by groups, individual parties, that they want to see ambition in the outcome of cop 26. western powers at the un security council condemn the actions of belarus in the crisis over its border with poland. fw de klerk, the man who released nelson mandela from prison and ended white rule in south africa,

has died at the age of 85. scientists in the us use a new type of drug to reverse back leg paralysis in mice. and how a retired doctor in southern england discovered a new species of dinosaur with an unusually large nose. live from our studio in singapore, this is bbc news, it is newsday. hello and thanks forjoining us. with hours to go before the cop26 climate summit is due to end, the un secretary general told delegates in glasgow their promises don't amount to enough. antonio guterres said the pledges rang hollow when the fossil fuels industry still received trillions in subsidies.

the event is expected to overrun. our science editor david shukman considers what still needs to be done, as the conference draws to a close. the endgame of the conference — urgent consultations with governments back home, checking the agreement line by line, assessing every word. the warnings about rising temperatures are clear, but national interests are at stake, so the talks go on. we are not there yet on the most critical issues. there is still a lot more work to be done and cop26 is scheduled to close at the end of tomorrow. so, time is running out. so, to try to maintain momentum, relatively easy decisions were passed tonight, and this follows initiatives

by groups of nations last week. a plan to cut methane, a potent greenhouse gas, though some important countries aren't taking part. a promise to end deforestation by 2030. but we have heard this kind of thing before. and a call to end the use of coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel. but what matters is agreements that governments can't wriggle out of. so, in this final stretch, what are the big arguments that still need to be settled? well, the first is how often countries should update their plans for going green. some say that's needed every year. others say that's too often. then there's the fundamental question of cutting the gases that are heating the planet. they're still heading up, when the science couldn't be clearer that they've got to be falling fast. and then aid for the poorest nations. they were promised it more than a decade ago. it still hasn't been delivered. it's a relief that people

are recognising that we need to help communities on the front lines of the climate crisis, but it's a frustration that rich governments aren't yet doing what it takes to help them out. even now? even now. they hear the sounds, they're putting fine words on paper, but no real mechanism to address this crisis. and as a reminder of what this is all about, torrential rain struck the indian city of chennai. floods spilling into a hospital. scientists have long warned that even more violent extremes are possible, but acting now could head them off. so, some countries want to move away from fossil fuels entirely. the uk and many others say it's not the right time. another example of different perspectives in these last hours. david shukman, bbc news, in glasgow. small and low—lying island nations are among the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change, countries like tuvalu in the pacific. the volcanic archipelago,

halfway between hawaii and australia, is just two metres above sea level and its government is so concerned about rising sea levels that this week it announced it was looking into how to protect its legal status as a nation state, after it becomes entirely submerged under water. the existential threat faced by small islands was brought home this week by tuvalu's foreign minister, simon kofe. in a recorded video message to cop26 delegates, he called for bold, alternative action while standing knee—deep in seawater — showing how rising sea waters are already having fast and lasting effects on his country. earlier my colleague christian fraser, who is at the summit in glasgow, spoke to the foreign minister of tuvalu simon kofe about that video message.

i decided to take that shot in the water. the location where delivered my statement used to be dry land many years ago. it is you can see the video, there is a concrete block behind me and that was billed by the americans in world war ii. and that was built on land as well and so. the video reveals the reality is that we are facing here and tuvalu with the effects of climate change. and he brought it home very loudly for everyone here in glasgow. it certainly had the right effect. but when you get reports back from here in glasgow from your team better here, whether you are satisfied with what is being discussed? i think there has certainly been positive steps have been taken. we have heard pledges made by some of the bigger countries within the first week of cop26. but i acknowledge that it is quite a difficult process to get everyone on board on certain issues. but the team are feeling quite

optimistic that they have were able to come back with concrete outcomes from this meeting. what would a concrete outcome be when it comes to finance and adaptation and loss and damage? one of the areas that we are really campaigning, as well as the pacific, is to have a stand—alone facility for loss and damage of finances. i think that is one of the issues that is being debated at the moment, being negotiated at the moment. and i understand there's pushback from some of the bigger countries as well. but fingers crossed we are able to come back with concrete outcomes and a clear implementation plan as to how that is going to be implemented. i was talking today to your climate change minister who was here in glasgow and he was telling me one of the things you're doing to the international stage

of the moment, is trying to ensure your international maritime rights if and when you descend under the waves. why is that so important? well, it is important because the bulk of our government revenue comes from the fisheries and so we have very rich fisheries here in tuvalu. so, we would want to maintain those exclusive rights for the resources in the ocean, but we are looking at legal avenues to secure that future. for the future. but beyond that, we are looking at our legal status as a state under international law. that is another strategy that we are also looking at at the moment. the foreign minister of tuvalu speaking earlier. let's take a look at some other stories

in the headlines. a ninth person has died as a result of last week's crush at the astroworld music festival in the us state of texas. bharti shahani, a university student, was 22. police are investigating the stampede last friday, when fans pushed towards the stage during a performance by the rapper travis scott. hundreds of people were injured. a us federal appeals court has temporarily blocked the release of white house records to a congressional committee investivating donald trump's role in the attack on the us capitol injanuary. the papers had been due for release on friday. delegates from the us, russia, china and pakistan have pledged to try to ease pressure on afghanistan's banking system following warnings the country is on the brink of economic collapse since the taliban take over. after a meeting in islamabad the nations reiterated calls on the taliban to form an inclusive government and to respect women's rights.

britain has accused france of having lost control of the migrant situation in the channel. about 1,000 people are believed to have reached britain in small boats on thursday, crossing the world's busiest shipping lane in the process. it would represent a record figure for a single day. police investigating a violent attack on a french footballer have released one of her teammates without charge. aminata diallo, who plays for paris saint germain�*s women's team, was arrested on wednesday. she's faced two days of questioning about the assault on kheira hamraoui. we're turning to the migrant crisis on the poland—belarus border now, which is rapidly becoming an escalating international row. western member states of the united nations security council have condemned the actions of belarus, accusing it of what they called an orchestrated instrumentalization of human beings by sending migrants to the frontier, to destabilise

the eu's border and to distract from its own rights violations. the bbc has filmed hundreds of migrants gathering in minsk, the belarus capital. they are apparently waiting to board buses that then take them to the border with poland. there they will attempt to cross to make it into the european union. poland has accused russia's president putin of masterminding the crisis, a claim the kremlin has dismissed as "irresponsible". the bbc�*s will vernon is in minsk, with more on this story. we saw large groups of migrants gathering here today in the centre of minsk, waiting for transportation to the polish border. the vast majority we spoke to were from iraq and they said they have been so these package deals between $3,000 and $4000 and these package deals included a belarusian visa

and flights, tickets to minsk and there are going to go through turkey, syria and they said that once they got here, they were told that they could make their way to europe and the border would be open and the board would be unguarded. they are aware of the difficulties they might face at the polish border but these people, they say they are desperate, and they cannot stay in belarus and are not allowed to go back to their home countries and so, many of them was saying that they have no choice. it is bitterly cold, especially at night and many were not prepared for the winter and did not have appropriate clothing and many with small children but there was a real sense of hopelessness amongst them and they still feel that even going and attempting what may seem like a hopeless endeavour is better than the alternative. will vernon there. if you want to get in touch

with me on any of the stories we have covered so far, including that last story, i am on twitter. you're watching newsday on the bbc. still to come on the programme: the man who discovered a new species of dinosaur. the bombastic establishment outsider donald trump has defied the pollsters to take the keys to the oval office. i feel great about the election results. i voted for him because i genuinely believe that he cares about the country. it's keeping - the candidate's name always in the - public eye that counts. success or failure depends not only on public display, j but on the local- campaign headquarters and the heavy routine workj of their women volunteers. berliners from both east and west linked hands and danced around their liberated territory. and with nobody to stop them, it wasn't long before the first attempts were made

to destroy the structure itself. yasser arafat, who dominated the palestinian cause for so long, has died. palestinian authority has declared a state of mourning. after 17 years of discussion, the result was greeted with an outburst ofjoy, leaving ministers who long felt only grudgingly accepted among the ranks of clergy suddenly felt welcome. this is newsday on the bbc. i'm karishma vaswani in singapore. our main story: as the cop26 climate summit reaches the closing stretch, the gathering's president warns that time is running out to reach a deal. another angle on our top story now. climate change and related hot weather are bearing down on workers globally. with cop26 winding up at the weekend, the fallout from hotter temperatures now is hitting legions of farm

and textile factory workers around the world, as scorching conditions in the fields and buildings not designed for excessive weather is creating unbearable conditions. earlier i asked teni adewumi—gunn who advocated for policies to help workers which jobs are particularly affected. climate change is a pressing and urgent public health crisis both indoor and outdoor workers are impacted and we talk about things like heat, we have those in construction sector, agriculture, manufacturing, kitchens, first responders who are responding to disasters and recovery. so climate change touches on quite a number of different workforces and particularly vulnerable workforces as well.

are there some jobs that were previously done, but are now absolutely impossible in some geographies because of rising temperatures? yes. when you talk about folks in the ag sector, who are in construction, people are already outside, workers have already been experiencing heat harms but because of climate change, because our climate is warming and more extreme and frequent heatwaves, it's becoming increasingly harder for folks to do those jobs and it really has an impact on their livelihoods. you've talked about heat but there are a lot of other climate change driven events, things like weather—related floods and storms, how is that impacting workers? yes, so, when we talk about floods, hurricanes, storms, disaster response and

recovery workers, we see an increase in infectious diseases, in mosquito—borne diseases, folks who were already out there, working a number of different industries that are going to be impacted from mental health challenges too to our livelihoods. and when folks are being impacted in that way, it causes a lot of mental health issues as well, too. have you been surprised, teni, at the lack of attention or focus paid on the plight of workers that might well be affected by climate change at the cop26 talks? yes. when we talk about climate, we talk about mitigation, but we don't talk about adaptations. and we do, workers are really not in that conversation even though their conditions are worst. they are the folks out there toiling in the field, building our buildings and are going to get

the exposure from extreme heat and as decisions are being made it's important to have preparedness and worker health at the forefront too. the man who ended white rule in south africa, fw de klerk, a key figure in the country's transition to democracy, has died at the age of 85. mr de klerk, who served as president for five years, ordered the release of nelson mandela from prison — a decision which led eventually to mr mandela's election to the presidency. in a final message, recorded before his death, mr de klerk repeated an apology for the pain and hurt caused to black and minority south africans during the apartheid era, as our correspondent andrew harding reports. we did not only admit the wrongness of apartheid... fw de klerk was terminally ill when he recorded this farewell message, released today — a man still wrestling with his place in south africa's tortured history. i, without qualification, apologise for the pain,

and the hurt, and the indignity and the damage that apartheid has done. back in the 1970s and �*80s, south africa was drifting to all—out conflict. the security forces of a racist white minority government battling against an increasingly defiant black majority. when fw de klerk came to power in 1989, nobody expected this conservative figure to change much. after all, his government ran a nation where black people were treated as inferior, to be kept apart. but within months, de klerk announced a shocking u—turn. the prohibition of the african national congress, the pan african congress, the south african communist party and a number of subsidiary organisations is being rescinded.

the anc, the outlawed liberation party of nelson mandela, was unbanned, and soon after that, mandela himself was released from prison after 27 years. cheering. applause. soon, the two men, once bitter enemies, were sharing the nobel peace prize as south africa inched towards democracy. what nobody can take away from him is his foresight. he seized the moment, he showed the courage, and he was the figure that eventually saw the end of apartheid, and nelson mandela elected as president in those heady days of the new rainbow democracy. but the transition was not peaceful. thousands of black south africans died during political violence that was, it turned out, deliberately stirred up by white security forces. still, de klerk and mandela kept negotiating, nudging their nation forward — not that they were ever close.

so help me god. then, in 1994, history was made, as mandela was sworn in as democratic south africa's first president. de klerk retreated backstage. later he apologised for his role in apartheid but insisted he'd never authorised any criminal acts. within my knowledge and experience, i never included the authorisation of assassination, murder, torture, rape, assault or the like. many south africans found that hard to swallow and today there is a lukewarm tone to some tributes. he had the courage to step away from the path that his party that he led had embarked upon from 19118, and we will remember him for that. de klerk was a divisive figure, and an unlikely revolutionary, but history will record his key role in bringing freedom

to south africa. andrew harding, bbc news. scientists in the us have reversed back leg paralysis in mice after injecting a new type of drug into their spinal cords. the mice learned to walk again four weeks after being injected with a gel that encouraged molecules in the spinal cord to "dance", promoting nerve regeneration. the team hope to begin patient trials within two years. professor samuel stupp, who led the study, explained. we discovered that the motion of the molecules inside this filament is critical in their ability to signal cells in the spinal cord in order to initiate repair. so when the molecules move a lot, for example, theyjump out of the filament and come right down,

or they moved to different positions within the filament, they dance around with lots of motion, then the paralysis is prevented in the mouse. a new species of dinosaur with an unusually large nose has been identified by a retired doctor in southern england. the bones were uncovered more than a0 years ago on the isle of wight. they'd been in storage until drjeremy lockwood decided to reconstruct the skull of the animal and realised they belonged to an undiscovered species. duncan kennedy has more. gnarled, nobbly and what a nose! this is how the not very dainty dino would've looked like. and the usp of this vip, its bulbous snout. and here we have vertebra or backbone of... its remains had spent a0 years in old boxes untiljeremy lockwood, a retired gp, went through them.

he'd always believed there had to be more than two types of dinosaur on the island. and he was right. i took a bone, which was a nasal bone, and i thought, "i'm going to try and reconstruct what the skull of this animal looked like," so i sort of put it into life position. and i thought, "goodness me, this has got a bulbous end to the end of its nose." so, it became obvious that this was something completely different. it took dr lockwood two years to sift through all the bones, and his new species has now been confirmed by experts. just along there is where i found it all them years ago. that's right. keith simmonds is the one who found the dinosaur near a village called brighstone, which is why it's being called brighstoneus simmondsi. it was in 1978 keith discovered the bones, and now the new species has been confirmed, he's delighted. it's nice, yeah. a bit of recognition for the work done over the years.

it's ideal. and now you found out you found a new species of dinosaur, what do you make of that? something for the history books, really, and, yeah, it's very good. this coast was already known as a world class centre for discovering dinosaurs. it seems some have, well, just got a nose for it. duncan kennedy, bbc news, on the isle of wight. he really couldn't resist with that last line, could he? what an amazing discovery, the things you discover when you are in lockdown. a french balloonist has broken the world record for standing on a hot—air balloon. these amazing pictures show 28—year—old remi 0uvrard. on top of the balloon over western france at an altitude of more than 3,500 metres. it was piloted by his father for a charity event.

of �*zenitude”' while in the sky. that's all for now. stay with bbc world news. hello. with low pressure moving right across the uk, the week is coming to a windy end and there's the chance of rain as well. there will be some heavier bursts of rain, especially in scotland. and around this area of low pressure, plenty of mild air moving in on quite a strong wind, it has to be said, particularly across coastal parts of the north and west. here comes the low pressure, the centre of which will move across scotland as we go on through friday. it's in scotland we're going to see the heaviest rain. now, these are the temperatures to begin the day, so already very mild — 11 degrees in belfast and manchester, for example. the heaviest rain will be in scotland, a couple of pulses

of that working on through, but heaviest and most persistent in hills in the west. and very wet for a time across much of northwest england. showery bursts of rain for northern ireland, for wales, across the rest of england. certainly not raining all the time. there will even be a few brighter breaks here and there as well, but it is going to be blustery. these are average wind speeds. around the coasts of northern and western scotland, northern ireland, through the irish sea, may get some gusts around 40—50 mph, so there will be some gales in places here. we know it's a mild start. temperatures will edge up a little bit further. we're talking highs of around 1a, 15 degrees for many places. it will be turning drier in scotland going into the evening. and overnight, there will be some clear spells and fog patches. wales and england keeping a lot of cloud here and still some showery rain around, mostly across eastern parts of england going into saturday morning. and the winds gradually easing,

though staying quite windy along that north sea coast. and it's another mild night and start to saturday. into the weekend, the area of low pressure�*s moving away, this little ridge of high pressure is moving in, although there are weather fronts in the atlantic not too far away. that said, much of the weekend will be dry. some fog patches in scotland on saturday morning, some sunny spells, though, to follow. plenty of cloud around elsewhere. still a few showers, mainly towards the eastern side of england. still breezy along that north sea coast. may see a bit of patchy rain moving towards northern ireland later in the day. again, it's mild. temperatures for the most part in double figures. some fog patches around as we go on into sunday, a lot of cloud, a few bright or sunny breaks here and there, the chance for thicker cloud across western areas and some mostly light and patchy rain. to reach a deal.

this is bbc news. we will have the headlines and the main news stories for you at the top of the hour, straight after this programme. laura and chris, on the last episode, i managed to combine a news story about when is the ideal bedtime with some free market research from newscasters about when they listen to this podcast! smart. and for a man who gets up very early, it's an important thing for you to tap into. we have had enough of that already this week! what we have done is newscasters e—mailed in in literally their tens,