you're watching bbc news. i'm rich preston. our top stories: it's friday here in the uk — the final day of the cop26 climate summit. so, is a deal in on climate change in sight in these last few hours? we are urging ambition and i have held meetings with quite a number of the negotiating groups and i have been told by groups, by individual parties, that they want to see ambition in the outcome of cop26. western powers at the un security council condemn the actions of belarus in the crisis over its border with poland. fw de klerk, the man who released nelson mandela from prison and ended white minority rule in south africa, has died at the age of 85. scientists in the us say they're a step closer to reversing paralysis in

humans after they successfully managed to get paralysed mice to walk again. welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. it's now friday here in the uk and the final day of the cop26 climate summit in glagsow. negotiators will be using these remaining few hours to try to agree a deal that will limit global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees. the united nations secretary general, antonio guterres, says he thinks governments are unlikely to make the pledges needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions to keep temperatures down. our science editor david shukman is in glasgow and has this report. the endgame of the conference —

urgent consultations with governments back home, checking the agreement line by line, assessing every word. the warnings about rising temperatures are clear, but national interests are at stake so the talks go on. we are not there yet on the most critical issues. there is still a lot more work to be done and cop26 is scheduled to close at the end of tomorrow. so, time is running out. so, to try to maintain momentum, relatively easy decisions were passed tonight, and this follows initiatives by groups of nations last week. a plan to cut methane, a potent greenhouse gas, though some important countries aren't taking part. a promise to end deforestation by 2030. but we have heard this kind of thing before. and a call to end the use of coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel. but what matters is agreements that governments can't wriggle out of.

so, in this final stretch, what are the big arguments that still need to be settled? well, the first is how often countries should update their plans for going green. some say that's needed every year. others say that's too often. then there's the fundamental question of cutting the gases that are heating the planet. they're still heading up, when the science couldn't be clearer that they've got to be falling fast. and then aid for the poorest nations. they were promised it more than a decade ago. it still hasn't been delivered. it's a relief that people are recognising that we need to help communities on the front lines of the climate crisis, but it's a frustration that rich governments aren't yet doing what it takes to help them out. even now? even now. they hear the sounds, they're putting fine words on paper, but no real mechanism to address this crisis. and as a reminder of what this is all about, torrential rain struck

the indian city of chennai. floods spilling into a hospital. scientists have long warned that even more violent extremes are possible, but acting now could head them off. so, some countries want to move away from fossil fuels entirely. the uk and many others say it's not the right time. another example of different perspectives in these last hours. david shukman, bbc news, in glasgow. niranjali amerasinghe is the executive director of action aid usa. she is an expert on climate change and finance and joins me now from washington. good evening to you. we have had various pledges and promises, lots of positive noises and a draft agreement. what are your hopes of an actual real final agreement at the end of friday?— actual real final agreement at the end of friday? that remains to be seen. _ the end of friday? that remains to be seen, obviously. - the end of friday? that remains to be seen, obviously. things i to be seen, obviously. things are in the back door

negotiations. ministers are involved at this point. the real question is whether there will be enough. what we have seen so far is wiring. we have not seen the kind of ambition needed to keep global temperature rise to manageable levels and in particular we see this in the context of finance where we are not seeing enough rich countries putting finance under the table.— rich countries putting finance under the table. that does seem to be a sticking _ under the table. that does seem to be a sticking point _ under the table. that does seem to be a sticking point and - under the table. that does seem to be a sticking point and for - to be a sticking point and for understandable reasons. the goal still has not happened. financial commitment that the developing world are looking for in particular. are we going to get past this impasse of rich countries not seeming to wanting to hand out the cash to poorer nations?— poorer nations? what we have seen at this — poorer nations? what we have seen at this conference - poorer nations? what we have seen at this conference and i seen at this conference and certainly in the last few years is the increase in public pressure on rich governments in particular to do more to

address climate change, both in terms of emission reduction but also in terms of wrapping up finance. that citizens are telling them, you have to. the message is clear, you cannot leave communities on the frontline of the climate crisis behind. flow to developing countries to address this crisis is needed. there are countries where citizens are saying, this is not good enough and that pressure is hopefully something that will unlock the reticence of some governments and the us in particular, in putting more money on the table. �* . , putting more money on the table. �* ., , _, , table. are there any countries or blocks _ table. are there any countries or blocks you _ table. are there any countries or blocks you would _ table. are there any countries or blocks you would like - table. are there any countries or blocks you would like to . table. are there any countries | or blocks you would like to see more and agreeing to mock? the united states _ more and agreeing to mock? tue: united states is more and agreeing to mock? tte: united states is the more and agreeing to mock? t'te: united states is the biggest one. — — do more. it is the largest historical emitter and so far has not done a whole lot to really show they are real leaders in this space in terms

of actual emission reduction deliverance and money on the table. i will give credit where it is due, the biden administration has taken some steps to try and come up with cuts and put my money on the table but it is not nearly what we need, when you think about the fair share that the us needs to do to help solve this crisis. niranjali amerasinghe from action aid usa. thank you very much. let's get some of the day's other news: a ninth person has died as a result of last week's crush at the astroworld music festival in the us state of texas. bharti shahani, a university student, was 22. police are investigating the stampede last friday, when fans pushed towards the stage during a performance by the rapper travis scott. hundreds of people were injured. a us federal appeals court has temporarily blocked the release of white house records to a congressional committee investigating donald trump's role in the attack on the us capitol injanuary.

the papers had been due for release on friday. police investigating a violent attack on a french footballer have released one of her teammates without charge. aminata diallo, who plays for paris saint germain�*s women's team, was arrested on wednesday. she's faced two days of questioning about the assault on kheira hamraoui. western member states of the un security council have condemned the actions of belarus in the crisis over its border with poland. they accuse belarus of what they called an orchestrated instrumentalisation of human beings by sending migrants to the frontier, to destabilise the eu's border and to distract from its own rights violations. russia has rejected the western accusations. meanwhile the bbc has filmed hundreds of migrants gathering in the belarus capital, minsk, where they're apparently waiting to board buses which then take them to the border with poland. the bbc�*s will vernon

is in minsk. we saw large groups of migrants gathering here today in the centre of minsk, waiting for transportation to the polish border. the vast majority we spoke to were from iraq and they said that they had been so these package deals and they said that they had been sold these package deals for between $3,000 and $4000 and they said those package deals included a belarusian visa and flights, tickets to minsk. they mentioned they were going through turkey, going through syria, and they said that once they got here, they were told that they could make their way to europe and the border would be open and the boarder would be unguarded. they are aware of the difficulties that they might face at the polish border but these people, they say are desperate, they say that they can't stay in belarus. none of them want to stay here and they say they can't to go back to their home countries and so, many of them were saying we have no choice.

it is bitterly cold here now, it's very cold especially at night. many of them were not prepared for the winter, did not have appropriate clothing. many of them were with small children but there was a real sense of hopelessness but there was a real sense of hopelessness amongst them and they still feel that even going and attempting what may seem like a hopeless endeavour is better than the alternative. will vernon there. angela stent is a professor at georgetown university, a former national intelligence officer for russia at the national intelligence council, and the author of the book putin's world. thank you for being with us. what is going on at the border and are strings being pulled by president lukashenko and president lukashenko and president putin? t5 president lukashenko and president putin?— president putin? is your reporter _ president putin? is your reporter said, _ president putin? is your reporter said, presidentj reportersaid, president lukashenko has orchestrated lu kashenko has orchestrated this, lukashenko has orchestrated this, flying these people to belarus deliberately. he wants to cause havoc in the eu, he wants to punish the eu for the sanctions imposed on them really since an election which

was falsified and for other things he has done to his people and possibly downing a plane. he certainly is if you like the evil genius behind this. the role of russia and president putin is maybe a little less clear. this looks as if this was present lukashenko's idea. he is very dependent on russia for its economic help and energy supplies and it is very difficult to imagine that if russia did not want belarus to be doing this, that it would not pull some strings to get lukashenko to back down. as we heard in the report, russia backing belarus and say things like maybe the eu should play belarus some money and help take care of it. we belarus some money and help take care of it.— take care of it. we had condemnation - take care of it. we had condemnation from . take care of it. we had | condemnation from the take care of it. we had _ condemnation from the european union, the un and polish officials but little practically being done. what is

your view on the international response? t your view on the international re5ponse?_ response? i think it has been very slow — response? i think it has been very slow it _ response? i think it has been very slow. it has _ response? i think it has been very slow. it has been - response? i think it has been very slow. it has been going | very slow. it has been going for five months and very slow. it has been going forfive months and has excelerator in the past couple of weeks and made much worse by the onset of winter but i think people hoped it would go away but of course it is not going away but getting worse. we have people saying there will be more sanctions on individuals in belarus and on the airline and other sanctions may be imposed and we know that chancellor merkel has had two conversations with president perton in the last couple of days asking for russia to put an end on this. —— president putin. whether sanctions on individuals will be enough remains to be seen. the sanctions imposed on belarus have adversely impacted the economy but have not changed lukashenko's behaviour at all. we have seen russian trip

buildup on the border with ukraine. how does this fit with president perton�*s ambition in the region? == president perton's ambition in the region?— president perton's ambition in the reuion? , the region? -- president putin. he has that _ the region? -- president putin. he has that the _ the region? -- president putin. he has that the secretary - the region? -- president putin. he has that the secretary of. he has that the secretary of state want russia they should not think about invading ukraine but no—one quite knows what is going on. you have the sense of now of foreboding, if you like the instability that exists, the ukrainians trying not to be provoked, i would say true of the poles. military action could be justified true of the poles. military action could bejustified if there is a war between these countries. it is quite a dangerous moment. thank you very much _ dangerous moment. thank you very much for— dangerous moment. thank you very much for sharing - dangerous moment. thank you very much for sharing your- very much for sharing your insights with us.— very much for sharing your insights with us. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: we'll tell you how scientists treating paralysed mice in the us are now a step

closer to reversing paralysis in humans. the bombastic establishment outsider donald trump has defied the pollsters to take the keys to the oval office. i feel great about the election results. i voted for him because i genuinely believe that he cares about the country. it's keeping - the candidate's name always in the - public eye that counts. success or failure depends not only on public display, j but on the local- campaign headquarters and the heavy routine workj of their women volunteers. berliners from both east and west linked hands and danced around their liberated territory. and with nobody to stop them, it wasn't long before the first attempts were made to destroy the structure itself. yasser arafat, who dominated the palestinian cause for so long, has died. palestinian authority has declared a state of mourning. after 17 years of discussion, the result was greeted with an outburst ofjoy, leaving ministers who long felt only grudgingly accepted

among the ranks of clergy suddenly felt welcome. this is bbc news, the latest headlines: negotiators at the glasgow summit have just 2a hours to agree a deal that will limit global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees. western powers at the un security council condemn the actions of belarus in the crisis over its border with poland. europe was one of the first regions in the world to deploy coronavirus vaccines, yet parts of the continent are seeing a resurgence in cases, with some countries experiencing their highest infection levels of the pandemic. record numbers are reported in germany, netherlands and austria, where the government is planning to impose

a lockdown on the unvaccinated. vaccine mandates have been introduced by some european countries and also some sectors, including health, in the united states. let's speak to dr uzma sayed, infectious diseases specialist based in new york. dr sayed, thanks for joining us. dr sayed, thanks forjoining us. our restrictions and lockdowns on the unvaccinated the way forward?— lockdowns on the unvaccinated the way forward? thank you for havin: the way forward? thank you for having me- _ the way forward? thank you for having me. this _ the way forward? thank you for having me. this is _ the way forward? thank you for having me. this is quite - the way forward? thank you for having me. this is quite a - having me. this is quite a controversial topic here. unfortunately controversial topic here. u nfortu nately we controversial topic here. unfortunately we have all been through lockdowns throughout this pandemic, we have seen that far too often, and unfortunately it isn't something that we want to be doing, and we would hope that, you know, building confidence in vaccines and promoting science and really fighting and combating the misinformation and disinformation that is being spread out there is the way to people's cards, for people to see that sedation is really the way of this pandemic.— really the way of this andemic. ., ., pandemic. you mentioned buildinu pandemic. you mentioned building confidence - pandemic. you mentioned building confidence in - building confidence in vaccines. some people would

still rather not take their inoculations. what reasons to these people give?— inoculations. what reasons to these people give? there is so much misinformation - these people give? there is so much misinformation and - much misinformation and disinformation out there, that is very, very dangerous. a majority of this has been spread through social media, much of it is just, you know, running rampant throughout the course of this pandemic, especially since vaccines were first available, and for a lot of different reasons. some people had hesitancy because of concerns and fears of the unknown, but now we have so much access to accurate information, but people keep sharing the misinformation and disinformation out there, where people are talking about fertility issues which just aren't true, and people are talking about alteration of dna and all kinds of myths but unfortunately, it is just dropping out of that is now being spread, even more so because of, ultimately, depolarisation in this pandemic.— depolarisation in this andemic. , ., , pandemic. vaccines have been around for _ pandemic. vaccines have been around for about _ pandemic. vaccines have been around for about a _ pandemic. vaccines have been around for about a year- pandemic. vaccines have been around for about a year now. l pandemic. vaccines have been l around for about a year now. as we discussed cases are still

rising. is it unfair tojust target the unvaccinated? are we looking at putting entire countries and regions and cities back into lockdowns again? cities back into lockdowns a . ain? ~ cities back into lockdowns auain? . . , cities back into lockdowns auain? . ., , again? well, we certainly don't want to go _ again? well, we certainly don't want to go there _ again? well, we certainly don't want to go there again. - again? well, we certainly don't want to go there again. but - again? well, we certainly don't want to go there again. but we j want to go there again. but we have to really look at it, really, on a case—by—case basis and a specific time, because we see very commonly with this pandemic that cases will rise and we really have to use all of our mitigation strategies in addition to vaccinations, and then when levels of the virus come down in the community we can relax those a little bit. now, vaccinations are going strong through a good part of the country, a good part of the world, especially in europe. but we have to remember there is a significant amount of population that is still not vaccinated, including the paediatric population, which could be accounting for the rising cases, not to mention the level that we need to reach herd immunity shifts every time we have a new variant that emerges that is more and more transmissible. dr

emerges that is more and more transmissible.— transmissible. dr sayed, we will leave — transmissible. dr sayed, we will leave it _ transmissible. dr sayed, we will leave it there. - transmissible. dr sayed, we will leave it there. thank . transmissible. dr sayed, we | will leave it there. thank you for being with us. the man who ended white minority rule in south africa, fw de klerk, has died at the age of 85. he was south africa's president for five years, and was a key figure in the country's transition to democracy, including ordering the release of nelson mandela from prison. in a message, mr de klerk repeated an apology for the pain and hurt caused to black and minority south africans during the apartheid era. 0ur correspondent andrew harding reports. we did not only admit the wrongness of apartheid... fw de klerk was terminally ill when he recorded this farewell message, released today — a man still wrestling with his place in south africa's tortured history. i, without qualification, apologise for the pain, and the hurt, and the indignity and the damage that apartheid has done.

back in the 1970s and �*80s, south africa was drifting to all—out conflict. the security forces of a racist white minority government battling against an increasingly defiant black majority. when fw de klerk came to power in 1989, nobody expected this conservative figure to change much. after all, his government ran a nation where black people were treated as inferior, to be kept apart. but within months, de klerk announced a shocking u—turn. the prohibition of the african national congress, the pan african congress, the south african communist party and a number of subsidiary organisations is being rescinded. the anc, the outlawed liberation party of nelson mandela, was unbanned, and soon after that, mandela himself was released from prison after 27 years. cheering. applause. soon, the two men, once bitter

enemies, were sharing the nobel peace prize as south africa inched towards democracy. what nobody can take away from him is his foresight. he seized the moment, he showed the courage, and he was the figure that eventually saw the end of apartheid, and nelson mandela elected as president in those heady days of the new rainbow democracy. but the transition was not peaceful. thousands of black south africans died during political violence that was, it turned out, deliberately stirred up by white security forces. still, de klerk and mandela kept negotiating, nudging their nation forward — not that they were ever close. so help me god. then, in 1994, history was made, as mandela was sworn in as democratic south africa's first president. de klerk retreated backstage. later he apologised for his role in apartheid but insisted he'd never authorised any criminal acts.

within my knowledge and experience, i never included the authorisation of assassination, murder, torture, rape, assault or the like. many south africans found that hard to swallow and today there is a lukewarm tone to some tributes. he had the courage to step away from the path that his party that he led had embarked upon from 19118, and we will remember him for that. de klerk was a divisive figure, and an unlikely revolutionary, but history will record his key role in bringing freedom to south africa. andrew harding, bbc news. the former south african president fw de klerk, whose died at the age of 85. scientists in the us have reversed back leg paralysis

in mice after injecting a new type of drug into their spinal cords. the mice learned to walk again four weeks after being injected with a gel that encouraged molecules in the spinal cord to "dance," promoting nerve regeneration. the team hope to begin patient trials within two years. professor samuel stupp, who led the study, explained. we discovered that the motion of the molecules inside this filament is critical in their ability to signal cells in the spinal cord in order to initiate repair. so when the molecules move a lot, for example, theyjump out of the filament and come right down, or they moved to different positions within the filament, they dance around, with lots of motion, then the paralysis is prevented in the mouse. a new species of dinosaur with an unusually large nose

has been identified by a retired doctor in southern england. the bones were uncovered more than a0 years ago on the isle of wight. duncan kennedy has more. gnarled, nobbly and what a nose! this is how the not very dainty dino would've looked like. and the usp of this vip, its bulbous snout. and here we have vertebra or backbone of... its remains had spent a0 years in old boxes untiljeremy lockwood, a retired gp, went through them. he'd always believed there had to be more than two types of dinosaur on the island. and he was right. i took a bone, which was a nasal bone, and i thought, "i'm going to try and reconstruct what the skull of this animal looked like," so i sort of put it into life position. and i thought, "goodness me, this has got a bulbous end to the end of its nose." so, it became obvious that this was something completely

different. it took dr lockwood two years to sift through all the bones, and his new species has now been confirmed by experts. just along there is where i found it all them years ago. that's right. keith simmonds is the one who found the dinosaur near a village called brighstone, which is why it's being called brighstoneus simmondsi. it was in 1978 keith discovered the bones, and now the new species has been confirmed, he's delighted. it's nice, yeah. a bit of recognition for the work done over the years. it's ideal. and now you found out you found a new species of dinosaur, what do you make of that? something for the history books, really, and, yeah, it's very good. this coast was already known as a world class centre for discovering dinosaurs. it seems some have, well, just got a nose for it. duncan kennedy, bbc news, on the isle of wight.

you can reach me on twitter. i'm @richpreston. hello. with low pressure moving right across the uk, the week is coming to a windy end and there's the chance of rain as well. there will be some heavier bursts of rain, especially in scotland. and around this area of low pressure, plenty of mild air moving in on quite a strong wind, it has to be said, particularly across coastal parts of the north and west. here comes the low pressure, the centre of which will move across scotland as we go on through friday. it's in scotland we're going to see the heaviest rain. now, these are the temperatures to begin the day, so already very mild — 11 degrees in belfast and manchester, for example. the heaviest rain will be in scotland, a couple of pulses of that working on through, but heaviest and most persistent in hills in the west. and very wet for a time across much of northwest england. showery bursts of rain for northern ireland, for wales, across the rest of england.

certainly not raining all the time. there will even be a few brighter breaks here and there as well, but it is going to be blustery. these are average wind speeds. around the coasts of northern and western scotland, northern ireland, through the irish sea, may get some gusts around 40—50 mph, so there will be some gales in places here. we know it's a mild start. temperatures will edge up a little bit further. we're talking highs of around 1a, 15 degrees for many places. it will be turning drier in scotland going into the evening. and overnight, there will be some clear spells and fog patches. wales and england keeping a lot of cloud here and still some showery rain around, mostly across eastern parts of england going into saturday morning. and the winds gradually easing, though staying quite windy along that north sea coast. and it's another mild night and start to saturday. into the weekend, the area of low pressure's moving away, this little ridge of high pressure is moving in, although there are weather fronts in the atlantic not too far away. that said, much of the weekend will be dry.

some fog patches in scotland on saturday morning, some sunny spells, though, to follow. plenty of cloud around elsewhere. still a few showers, mainly towards the eastern side of england. still breezy along that north sea coast. may see a bit of patchy rain moving towards northern ireland later in the day. again, it's mild. temperatures for the most part in double figures. some fog patches around as we go on into sunday, a lot of cloud, a few bright or sunny breaks here and there, the chance for thicker cloud across western areas and some mostly light and patchy rain. some heavier bursts of rain, though, moving towards the northern and western isles, the far northwest of scotland, on what will be another mild day.

this is bbc news. the headlines: negotiators at the cop26 climate summit in glasgow have just 2a hours to try to agree a deal that will limit global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees. negotiators are looking to secure a deal that will limit rises to 1.5 degrees. the united nations secretary general, antonio guterres, says he thinks governments are unlikely to make the pledges needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions. western powers at the un security council have condemned the actions of belarus in the crisis over its border with poland. they're accusing belarus of what they call an orchestrated instrumentalisation of human beings by sending migrants to the frontier to destabilise the eu's border. scientists in the us say they're a step closer to reversing paralysis in humans after they successfully managed to get paralysed mice to walk again. it happened four weeks after being injected with a gel that encouraged molecules in the spinal cord to dance, promoting nerve regeneration. now on bbc news,

the bbc�*s science editor, david shukman, reports from the climate frontlines.