welcome to newsday, reporting live from singapore. i'm karishma vaswani. the headlines: borisjohnson says the glasgow climate deal sounds the death knell for coal power, but there's anger that india and china weakened the pledge to phase out its use. we can lobby, we can cajole, we can encourage, but we cannot for sovereign nations to do what they do not wish to do. queuing to get the coronavirus jab in austria, as two million unvaccinated people are told that from now, they can only leave their homes for essential reasons.

bells toll. the queen misses the remembrance sunday ceremony at the cenotaph, for the first time in decades. i'v e i've from our studio in singapore, this is bbc news. hello and welcome to bbc news. the british prime minister borisjohnson has described a global accord to speed up action against climate change as "truly historic" and "the beginning of the end for coal power". but his remarks come after the president of the cop26 climate conference, alok sharma, said india and china will have to justify themselves to the world's most vulnerable countries, after the two nations demanded last—minute changes to the climate deal, softening commitments to reduce the use of coal. let's take a quick look at what's agreed. the deal says limiting average global temperatures to 1.5

celsius above pre—industrial levels, by the year 2100, is still attainable. scientists have said that amount, by then, would avoid the worst impacts of climate change. but there's controversy over the pledge about coal, which now says its use should be phased down, rather than phased out. among other things, the deal also pledges more money for poorer countries to help them adapt. our science editor, david shukman, reports. it was billed as a landmark moment in our relations with the planet. but did the glasgow conference do anything to limit the rise in temperatures? the man at the centre of the talks, alok sharma, had to shuttle between delegations. china and india not allowing coal to be phased out, only to be "phased down". the pressure really showed at one point. and the final wording on coal has left disappointment.

but this evening in downing street, mr sharma admitted how the deal was very nearly lost. for months, people have been asking me, some of you good people have been asking me, "do you feel the weight "of the world on your shoulders?" and i can tell you, there was one really tense hour where i did feel the weight of the world on my shoulders. and so many people have done so much over two years. the uk team, internationally. and, yeah, this deal was absolutely in jeopardy. his efforts at the conference were praised by opposition parties. but they also warned there's a long way to go in. we have made some progress and we have to acknowledge that. but we also have to acknowledge that we failed in getting the target of 1.5, and we must keep that pressure on because it would be catastrophic for areas of the world and for our planet. so we've got more to do. so what happens now? well, by the end of next year countries should update their climate pledges — a faster pace than before. and they are now expected to do this more often.

by 2024, a package of long—term financial aid for the poorest nations should be agreed. and then by 2030, to avoid the worst of global warming, carbon emissions should be halved. but we're still a long way from achieving that. so as things stand, the polar ice will melt faster than ever, raising sea levels and, together with heavier rain, threatening millions of people with flooding. the implications of failing to act soon have never been clearer. we've already warmed by 1.1 degree celsius since pre—industrial times. and the hope is that 1.5 will be the limit of the rise. but we're heading for at least 1.8, and that's only if every promise is kept. more realistically, we are on course for about 2.4 — a really dangerous level. the difference between 1.5 and 2.4

is really survival of millions and millions of people and species in the planet. this is what is particularly true for the islands. but according to camilla born, a government adviser at the heart of the talks, the worst outcomes can be averted. we have kept 1.5 alive, but on the basis of delivering on those commitments, and that will be our next task. first as the presidency but for all the countries. and it's on us to make sure that this is real in action. the key to that is what's happening far beyond the conference. the spectacular fall in the price of renewable forms of energy. they now make good business sense, whatever gets agreed in talks about climate change. the arguments here over the past fortnight were about words on a page, and in the end they may or may not prove important. what matters more is the signal sent by this gathering and others to come to businesses,

investors, banks — all of us — that with the right pace and scale of change, it should still be possible to get the world onto a safer course. as we've been hearing, india and china have faced heavy criticism over demands for last—minute changes on the issue of fossil fuel. india heavily relies on coal for its economic development. i'm joined now by professor navroz dubash from the indian centre for policy research. he is normally based in new delhi, butjoins us from singapore. it is great to have you on it used a, professor. 0n the first instance, india is getting a lot of flak, a lot of heat today from that cop26 summit about the watering down of the language of the ultimate deal. how fair is that? thank you for having me on the show. i think

this is a really important question. what has been very clear in the history of climate negotiation is that countries have to do what is consistent with what is both common and differentiated responsibilities. in other words, every country needs to act within its circumstances. what is interesting about this moment as that the cop and the community of nations together have agreed on the statement, it signals a direct direction of travel and i think that is important. i think it is a huge change from the past, and something to be celebrated. in terms of the actual language of phase out to phase down, it reflects a real fear in india that our energy use is just so very low and we have contributed so little comparatively to the accumulation of the mission that it accumulation of the mission thatitis accumulation of the mission that it is unfair to expect a country like india to be on the frontline of making this change. i think that's where this change comes from.

right, but professor, critics are saying that india has effectively hijacked the cop26 progress on coal, with alok sharma saying, for instance, india will need to explain itself, asking for more transparency, accountability, and reducing emissions. look, i think... and reducing emissions. look, ithink... let and reducing emissions. look, i think... let me say festival, i am an independent analyst, i don't speak for the indian government but there is a very strong sense in the indian analytical community and broader indian population that demands for india to do a lot more when the west has been dragging its feet when we have had for two years of mr trump and mr morrison in australia moving very slowly, it really is a little bit problematic when you talk about accountability. india would say, where is the $100 billion that was promised, for example. but let's put that to decide. the key issue here is, let's look at where we have come.

india is almost certainly not going to build out a vast amount of more coal. india is not going to be the next china. china's role in this, it is worth thinking about a little bit more. but india is not going to be the next runner because we are wrapping up our electricity production and doing it mostly through renewable energy, so i think what is really important is looking at what countries are doing rather than what they are saying. if i have a criticism of the factory, including the way that alok sharma and others have run this is that they are asking countries to say what they will do rather than looking at what they actually are doing. india having committed to 500 crosstalk. is a really big deal. professor, one of the things that we have heard from countries like india is that it was the developed nations i got the planet into this problem in the planet into this problem in the first place, and developing nations like india need cash and technology to help them

along this journey. would that have helped india further along? well, i think, along? well, ithink, to along? well, i think, to be honest in my view, the most important thing is actually for the west to lead with their actions, and some countries are — the uk is doing a reasonablejob. so i think the main part of the story is, can you create some space, some policy space in a sense for the developing world to figure out how to develop in ways that are low carbon? that is the most important thing. in addition to that, the pivot, in addition to that, the pivot, in a sense, from the core base that most countries have had to renewable based power systems is going to introduce disruption into every society. managing those disruptions, finding a way to actually compensate users. in india we have several states that are entirely dependent on coal, like in the uk ten or 20 years ago, like in the us, like in

germany, for that matter. how those communities actually going to be weaned off their dependence on coalfor going to be weaned off their dependence on coal for their livelihoods? how are they going to be provided alternative livelihoods? the question original developed. that is going to take time, technology. it will make the pain of transition less. let's just pause for a second here to look at the numbers, right? india, at the numbers, right? india, at the numbers, right? india, at the moment, commits 1.9 tons of carbon per capita. the uk is 4.7, the ucs is about 15. in india, the average use of energy is barely sufficient to provide basic sustenance, right? so the question is... and it is very, very clear, human development is tied to energy use. it doesn't have to be high carbon energy, it can be high carbon energy, it can be low carbon energy but at the moment most systems are built around high carbon energies, so you can't ask a country like india to say, pivot to low

carbon if it means that you can't provide energy to your population, because that basically says you are condemned to a low energy and low human development existence. that is really the tension. professor navroz dubash there, i am so sorry tojump on but thatis i am so sorry tojump on but that is all the time that we have for this fascinating topic on the programme today. professor navroz dubash from the indian centre for policy research. thank you forjoining us on tuesday. and a that you can find out much more about the climate conference in glasgow on our website including this explainer on what exactly has been agreed, and what happens next. just go to bbc.com/news and follow the links. a covid lockdown has come into force in austria in the last couple of hours, meaning anyone who has not been vaccinated will only be able to leave home for essential reasons. the measure will initially last 10 days. austria has one of the lowest vaccination rates in western europe. 0ur vienna correspondent bethany bell has more.

these are the biggest daily infection rates that austria has had since the pandemic began. the government has said it's very worried about the strain on hospitals, intensive care units are coming increasingly under pressure. so now it's really upped the pressure on the unvaccinated. the chancellorjust now said that it's clear that infection rates among the unvaccinated are much higher than among the vaccinated, and it should be said that this lockdown for the unvaccinated comes on what are already quite tough measures for people who haven't been vaccinated. already in austria you cannot go to a restaurant or to the cinema, you cannot have your hair cut if you cannot show a vaccination certificate or a certificate of recovery. now, this new step means that people will be asked to stay at home, except for certain essential

reasons like going to work, going to buy food or going for exercise. the united states has strongly condemned belarus, which it accuses of engineering a migration crisis on its border with poland. thousands of people, most from iraq, syria and yemen, are at a makeshift camp on belarus�* border with poland, enduring freezing conditions, in the hope of crossing into the eu. belarus denies the accusations. 0ur correspondentjenny hill has been to the polish side of the border, near the town of hajnowka. her report contains some images you may find distressing from the start. in the freezing darkness of a polish forest, the human cost of the political deadlock. woman groans. this woman is severely hypothermic and, we are told, pregnant. she groans. she had made it across

the borderfrom belarus. it's ok, it's ok. volunteers, then border guards, found her here with her husband and five children. they're in police custody, she's in hospital, and two other men who were with them were reportedly pushed back into belarus. piotr, who was there and gave us the footage, is from an informal network of people who try to help those who make it across the border. whether you are pro refugees or against them, i think we all deeply agree that people need some basic humanitarian help. at the border, desperation. people trapped in the cold of a makeshift camp on the belarusian side. poland refuses to let them in, and today accused belarus, backed by russia, of preparing the people here to storm the eu border en masse. some people have made it across the border. they are hiding in the forests along its length. behind them, a hostile

belarusian border force, ahead of them a europe where they're not really wanted. and the polish government would prefer you not to know about them. journalists and aid agencies are banned from getting too close to the border. but micha lives inside the exclusion zone and helps the people he sees. recently, i met a group of 25 people from iraq and before 15 from syria, some guys from somalia, some people from turkey. so, probably around 100 or something. we went back to the woods where the young family was found. the geopolitical stand—off continues — belarus and russia against poland and the west. these scattered possessions a reminder of those caught in the middle. jenny hill, bbc news, poland. if you want to get in touch with me, i'm on twitter — @bbckarishma.

you're watching newsday on the bbc. still to come on the programme: queen elizabeth misses the remembrance sunday ceremony at the cenotaph, for the first time in 22 years. benazir bhutto has claimed victory in pakistan's general election, and she's asked pakistan's president to name her as prime minister. jackson's been released on bail of $3 million after turning himself in to police in santa barbara. it was the biggest i demonstration so far of the fast—growing european anti—nuclear movement. - the south african government has announced that its opening the country's remaining whites—only beaches to people of all races.

this will lead to a black majority government in this country and the destruction of the white civilisation. part of the centuries—old windsor castle, one - of the queen's residences, has been consumed by firej for much of the day. 150 firemen have been battling the blaze, which has caused i millions of pounds worth of damage. | this is newsday on the bbc. i'm karishma vaswani in singapore. 0ur headlines: borisjohnson says the glasgow climate deal sounds the death knell for coal power, but admits there's a lot more work to do. queuing to get the covid jab in austria, as two million unvaccinated people are told from now they can only leave their homes for essential reasons. let's get more now on the deal reached at the climate

conference in glasgow. 0ur south asia correspondent rajini vaidanathan reports on the challenges that india faces in tackling climate change. india's sacred yamuna river, a symbol of purity. turned toxic. what looks like harmless bubbles is poisonous foam, much of it caused by industrial waste and sewage. this man is a fisherman who lives and works here. all the chemicals are thrown in the river, he tells me. it's disgusting but it's not a natural disaster but humans who have done this. what we're seeing here in many ways represents india's overall challenges when it comes to climate change. one of the country's holiest rivers, now horribly polluted. the cause, waste from nearby factories that create jobs and help to drive

economic growth. coal was centre stage at the cop summit, in a tussle over economic and environmental needs. dirty but dependable, it powers this nation, providing some 70% of india's energy and millions ofjobs. which is why the country refused to agree to a deal to phase it out completely. prime minister narendra modi did make a bold pledge to hit net zero emissions by 2070, and asked for more help from western countries for renewable projects. the aim is to move quickly towards alternative sources like solar. and the goal of generating 50% of power that way by the next decade. this man has just returned from the cop summit and was advising india's government. coal is going to grow, but solar is going to grow faster. it is not that one technology will grow and the other will not. both will have to grow, to meet the energy demand for this fast—growing economy. the average indian consumes far

less power than the average brit or american. many here say they don't want to be told what to do by western nations who have a long way to go before phasing out fossil fuels themselves. british police have arrested three men under the terrorism act after a taxi exploded outside a hospital in the city of liverpool. the passenger of the vehicle was killed and the driver was wounded. 0ur correspondent fiona trott has the latest. just a note of caution, this report contains flashing images. just seconds before 11am, the car explosion which killed a man inside. terrifying for onlookers, and so dangerously close to the hospital itself. a police cordon was immediately set up. local roads were also closed. then, confirmation that a counter—terrorism investigation had been launched. unfortunately, i can confirm

that one person has died and another has been taken to hospital, where he is being treated for his injuries, which, thankfully, are not life—threatening. so far we understand that the car involved was a taxi, which pulled up at the hospital shortly before the explosion occurred. and while the cordon remains in place, patients have been told to stay away. we are reviewing our patient activity for the next 24 to 48 hours and patients should wait to be contacted for updates about any planned appointments. this has been a fast—moving investigation. just hours after the news conference, it emerged that police were at this residential street in the kensington area. and also here, just one mile from the liverpool women's hospital. counterterrorism detectives say they are keeping an open mind about the cause of the explosion. tonight, people are being told

to remain calm but vigilant. buckingham palace says queen elizabeth was disappointed that she wasn't able to attend the annual remembrance day service in london, after spraining her back. 0ur royal correspondent nicholas witchell reports. band plays. it was the customary cenotaph commemoration, after the limitations last year caused by the pandemic. there was, though, one notable absentee. the queen did not, as had been expected, take her place on a balcony overlooking the cenotaph. according to buckingham palace, she had sprained her back. she continues to rest at windsor. the prince of wales led other senior members of the royal family to their places at the cenotaph, in readiness for the two—minute silence observed in whitehall and at ceremonies around the country.

big ben chimes the hour. music: last post.

after the two—minute silence, and the sounding of the last post in whitehall by royal marine buglers, the prince of wales placed the queen's wreath of red poppies against the cenotaph's northern face, in tribute to those from britain and the commonwealth who lost their lives in the world wars and more recent conflicts. then, after the official wreath—laying, it was the return of the veterans�* march—past. the former servicemen and women, denied the chance to be at the cenotaph last year, paying their own tributes to former colleagues. the head of state had been absent — a matter of great regret, we are told, to her and to those who were on parade. nicholas witchell, bbc news. that's all for now. stay with bbc world news.

hello. we have had some drizzle and patchy light rain across parts of east anglia and south—east england this afternoon, but the main rain band is pushing in to the north and west of scotland. we can see it here on the earlier satellite picture, this bank of cloud and it will continue on its journey south and eastward through this evening and overnight. some heavy and persistent rain also pushing into parts of northern ireland. it will be weakening as it moves its way south, but we could see some patchy rain into the far north of england by dawn. further south, there will be some drizzle, particularly for western and eastern coasts and also over hills. there could be a few clearer slots across southern england, allowing temperatures to drop to 5 or six celsius. for most, it is a mild night, the lows between seven and ten celsius. that is the theme, really,

for the week ahead, staying mild both by day and by night and most of the rain will be in the north and west of scotland. so into monday, we still have this front lingering, but it is running into high pressure, so it is weakening all the while. still a lot of cloud on it, still some patchy rain on monday morning across parts of southern scotland, initially, into northern england, maybe parts of wales and the far south—west of england. behind it, something much brighter with some sunshine across a large swathe of scotland and northern ireland, but ahead of it is still a lot of cloud for much of england and wales, with highs of 11—13. through monday evening and overnight the cloud base likely to lower across much of england and wales, bringing some patchy drizzle, but more persistent rain will be starting to approach the north and west of scotland and the winds will be strengthening as well, you can see the isobars much closer together here, so some wetter and windier weather through tuesday across northern ireland and northern and western scotland. that will tend to weaken as the day wears on, but some of that rain heavy and persistent. across england and wales, it should be mainly a dry day. maybe a few bright or sunny spells, but certainly a lot of cloud. highs again on tuesday typically 10—13. as we look a little bit further ahead, it looks like that

frontal system we see on tuesday will be sliding its way across the uk, but once again running into high pressure, so most of the rain will tend to fizzle out and behind it what we start to see is some slightly cooler air digging in, so the chance of some showers across northern and western scotland on wednesday and they could well be wintry over the highest ground, but essentially for much of the week ahead it's looking mostly dry, if cloudy, mild by day and night, and much of the rain across the north and west of scotland.

we will have all of the news

and the headlines straight after this programme. in august, the world watched in horror as desperate afghan citizens tried to flee as the taliban swept back into control across the country. many feared a return to the brutal regime they knew from two decades ago. one of those watching was a royal navy officer from bangor whose life was about to take a dramatic turn because of events unfolding in kabul. i first spoke to him on good morning ulster as the taliban seized power. a bangor man who served in the armed forces in helmand province in 2012 says it's now a race against time to save the family of his afghan interpreter.

what do you think you can do about this?