have you seen anything you like, spencer? welcome to bbc news, i'm david eades. our top stories: nato warns that russian troops are heading for eastern ukraine. we report from the frontline, where ukrainians are preparing for an invasion. the troops here say they have been fighting a long war against russian back separatists. they know that president putin may now send more forces. the us, europe and nowjapan respond with a series of targeted sanctions. how far will they deter russia from further military action? who will they deter russia from further military action? who in the lord's _ further military action? who in the lord's name _ further military action? who in the lord's name does - further military action? who in the lord's name does putin . the lord's name does putin think gives him the right to declare new so—called countries on territory that belonged to his neighbours?

in other news ausjerry finds the murderers of ahmaud arbery guilty of federal hate crimes. ahmaud will continue to rest in peace but he will now begin to rest in power.— rest in power. and how scientists _ rest in power. and how scientists piece - rest in power. and how. scientists piece together rest in power. and how- scientists piece together the true enormity of the giant flying dinosaur of 170 million years ago. russia has been dealt a wave of new economic and financial sanctions that the west tries to head off a military invasion of ukraine. nato says there is evidence that russian troops are moving towards areas of eastern ukraine copy president

biden has accused russia of a clear violation of international law and has announced financial sanctions. in just the last hour, japan has also announced new sanctions. vladimir putin ordered russian troops to be sent to eastern ukraine after recognising these regions, held by pro—russian rebels, donestk and luhansk. the areas highlighted in grey are zones already controlled by russian—backed rebels. our first report is from 0rla guerin in eastern ukraine. a glimpse of the kremlin's firepower today, near the russian city of rostov—on—don, close to the border with ukraine. if president putin's forces cross that line, which will come as no surprise, many in ukraine will be bracing for the worst.

dog barks. and on the front lines here in zolotar in the east, they've been getting in some target practice. president putin has his eye on ukraine. the world watching and waiting for his next move. they know all about waiting here. this man has been in the trenches for seven long years, fighting kremlin—backed rebels, trying to keep moscow off ukrainian soil. "russia is rotten", he tells me. "and ukraine must blossom. that's why i'm here. "i want my wife and my daughter to live in peace and quiet." well, we've just started hearing some shelling in the last few minutes. the troops here say they have been fighting a long war against russian—backed separatists. they know that president putin may

now send more forces and the question is, if his troops arrive, how far will they go? how much of ukraine will he try to take? troops here tell me russian forces are already in the separatist areas and have been for years. now that president putin has officially recognised the breakaway enclaves, he can openly send in more. translation: now we can hear the shelling continue. _ we are already prepared. everybody knows what to do in any situation. you just have to follow your orders. for you here on the ground, does anything change now? translation: absolutely no changes, except more motivation to do what we do on a professional level. we're standing here just for this.

and some have paid with their lives. in kyiv today, the state funeral for a fallen soldier. captain anton sidorov, a father of three daughters, was killed by shelling on saturday. he had been fighting the separatists since war broke out in the east in 2014. 0n the other side of the front lines last night, small scale celebrations in the separatist enclave of donetsk, which moscow has declared to be an independent state. the reverberations may be felt for years. 0bviously obviously you get a sense of the feelings on the ground they are. let's look at some of the sanctions which western countries have imposed on russia throughout the day.

japan as well, as i've mentioned. president biden accounced us sanctions against two large russian banks — while limiting access to international financial systems. but the white house stressed, there were more sanctions in reserve, if needed. germany has suspended the major gas pipeline project, nordstream two, which would have doubled the flow of russian gas to germany. and borisjohnson said uk sanctions would be imposed on five russian banks and three russian individuals. the eu has taken measures as well. so first let's hear from president biden who announced that first wave of us sanctions. he asserted that these regions are actually extend deeper than the two areas he recognised, claiming large areas currently under thejurisdiction claiming large areas currently under the jurisdiction of the ukraine government. this is the beginning of a russian invasion of ukraine as he indicated and asked permission to be able to do and began to impose

sanctions and response far beyond the steps our allies and partners supplemented in 2014. this is the first tranche, the first— this is the first tranche, the first barrage of what we are prepared to do and we hold further_ prepared to do and we hold further sanctions at readiness to be — further sanctions at readiness to be deployed alongside the united — to be deployed alongside the united states and the european union _ united states and the european union of— united states and the european union of the situation escalates still further. so that is the situation at the moment. retired lieutenant general david deptula is dean of the mitchell institute of aerospace studies. he was the designer of the desert storm campaign in iraq in 1991 and commander of air operations over afghanistan and iraq after 9/11. he's in colorado springs. thank you very much indeed for your time. we arejust running through the list of sanctions they are. i suppose the message as we are going to hit them in the pocket. how do you tell about that?— the pocket. how do you tell about that? ~ ., ~ , about that? well thank you very much for having _ about that? well thank you very much for having me _ about that? well thank you very much for having me on -

about that? well thank you very much for having me on firstly. l much for having me on firstly. frankly, putin doesn't care about sanctions, all the indicators continue to point to further incursions by russian forces and what i would tell you is, the next steps, any one of many possible escalation options probably are going to involve an effort to capture the remainder of don bus. but from a strategic perspective of and that's what i think a lot of commentators are missing today, what is at play here? is it the capability and capacity of the united states and to a lesser degree nato to deter major regional conflict significantly eroded over the past 30 years. and that is part of why putin has taken the actions that he has.- of why putin has taken the actions that he has. sorry to interrunt _ actions that he has. sorry to interrunt you _ actions that he has. sorry to interrupt you there, - actions that he has. sorry to interrupt you there, before l actions that he has. sorry to l interrupt you there, before we go into what perhaps the steps

should be or how you deal with that, are there measures, do you think, looking at this in a diplomatic, nonmilitary way, other any extent of sanctions that you think might deter president putin. he says he is not bothered about sanctions but there is quite a long way you could go. but there is quite a long way you could go— but there is quite a long way you could go. the short answer is no, you could go. the short answer is no. that _ you could go. the short answer is no, that sanctions _ you could go. the short answer is no, that sanctions are - you could go. the short answer is no, that sanctions are not. is no, that sanctions are not going to deter putin. you talked about military, for diplomacy to work it has to be backed by military might or it is going to fail. it is only military strength would have deterred his aggression but we clearly don't have that capacity today or he wouldn't have invaded and taken the brazen action that he has. where does that leave us, then? where does that leave us, then? where does that leave us, then? where does that leave the us if, as you say, perhaps the willingness is not there and the resource is not our? rate,

the resource is not our? rate, the resources _ the resource is not our? rate, the resources aren't _ the resource is not our? rate, the resources aren't there - the resource is not our? rate, the resources aren't there so l the resources aren't there so the resources aren't there so the russian actions should be a wake—up call to rebuild the us military on this side of the atlantic and to rebuild the decayed nato forces on the other side of the atlantic. let me give you an example, from a us point of view, we are at half the strength we were at 30 years ago during desert storm and we've declined from the ability to fight two major regional conflict at that time to only one today if that. so from a us perspective, only by achieving the degree of strength needed to defeat russian aggression in europe in simultaneous timeframes can we deter either of those situations from occurring. (crosstalk) your military rationale is very clear, there.

you are steeped in frankly military history of the last 30 years of modern warfare, you can see the impact that military forces can have but you also know that back home there is no appetite for that at the moment. how do you turn that ship if that is what you think is needed?— that ship if that is what you think is needed? well hopefully this evolution _ think is needed? well hopefully this evolution of _ think is needed? well hopefully this evolution of what _ think is needed? well hopefully this evolution of what is - think is needed? well hopefully this evolution of what is going l this evolution of what is going on and the significance, the seriousness of the impact will elevate because david, you are right stopping here in the united states, what is garnering headlines or whether or not six —year—olds going to school should wear a mask or not. but the fact of the matter is today's russian aggression as a direct result of the decline of us military posture. so unfortunately if the united states public and the congress don't wake up to these

potential threat, don't wake up to these potentialthreat, it don't wake up to these potential threat, it may take us and/or nato defeat for people to understand just what the significance of the failure to keep a strong military will result in. �* ., to keep a strong military will result im— result in. and do you think that is a — result in. and do you think that is a distinct _ result in. and do you think. that is a distinct possibility? i have spoken to a number of analysts from across the us who have said in various different ways, if it is about sacrificing ukraine then frankly that is what is going to happen. frankly that is what is going to happen-— frankly that is what is going to happen. well know, once arain, to happen. well know, once again. it _ to happen. well know, once again. it is _ to happen. well know, once again, it is unfortunate - to happen. well know, once again, it is unfortunate that| again, it is unfortunate that the situation that is occurring we find ourselves in. my point is that putin has sensed the weakness in nato and us military forces and that is why he is doing what doing. conventional deterrence like i said is based on a strong military set of capabilities and it is going to take time to

reverse that. but we better wake up because aggressors like putin and xijinping are going to take advantage of this situation. we haven't even talked about the fact that it's going to be interesting to see how china plays what's going on in eastern europe today, because it could seriously stress our forces. ads, because it could seriously stress our forces. a whole new conversation — stress our forces. a whole new conversation to _ stress our forces. a whole new conversation to be _ stress our forces. a whole new conversation to be had - stress our forces. a whole new conversation to be had there i conversation to be had there actually which we don't have time for now but thank you very much indeed, thanks for bringing your military x tees to the fore, thank you. the three white men convicted of murdering a black man while he was outjogging have been found guilty of federal hate crimes in georgia. the three defendants had already been sentenced to life in prison last month for killing ahmaud arbery. aleem maqbool reports. this family feels a sense of justice having been achieved. a jury decided that the men

who murdered ahmaud arbery did so because of his race. i knew ahmaud's hands were in this from the very beginning. amen. the way ahmaud left here, i knew we would get victory on the state level and in the federal level. i knew that from day one. it was two years ago that ahmaud arbery was chased through a neighbourhood in which he was running close to his home. he was ambushed and shot dead. but though the police knew who killed him, no one was arrested and charged for more than ten weeks and only after this video of what happened went viral. in a murder trial in november, father and son greg and travis mcmichael and their neighbour roddy bryant were found guilty of murder. now in a hate crimes trial, the evidence they exhibited a history of racism in the past, the killers' actions were deemed racially motivated. the us attorney—general said

the only acceptable outcome would have been the victim returning safely to his loved ones two years ago. i cannot imagine the pain that a motherfeels... ..to have her son run down and then gunned down while taking a jog on a public street. my heart goes out to her and to the family. there are still questions as to why it took a viral video at a national campaign to get ahmaud arbery�*s killlers is detained. without that, it's not hard to imagine that the justice of the family is thankful for, remaining elusive. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: a new discovery suggests the wingspan of a giant flying dinosaur may have been far bigger than we thought. we will explain how they worked it all out.

prince charles has chosen his bride. the prince proposed the lady diana spencer three weeks ago. she accepted, she says, without hesitation. as revolutions go, this had its fair share of bullets. a climax in the night outside the gates of mr marcos' sanctuary, malacanang, the name itself symbolising one of the cruellest regimes of modern asia. the world's first clone has been produced of an adult mammal. scientists in scotland have produced a sheep called dolly using a cell from another sheep. warren beatty and faye dunaway announced to the world - that the winner of best film was la la land. . the only trouble was it wasn't. the mistake was only put right in the middle of gushing - speeches by the team - behind the modern musical. not for 20 years have locusts been seen in such numbers in this part of africa. some of the swarms have been ten miles long. this is the last time the public will see this pope. very soon, for the sake of the credibility and authority of the next

pope, benedict xvi will, in his own words, be hidden from the world for the rest of his life. this is bbc news, the latest headlines: nato reports that russian troops are heading for eastern ukraine as the west announces sanctions against moscow. democratic congressional representative tom malinowski is vice chair of the house foreign affairs committee. in the past couple of weeks, he has travelled as part of a bi—partisan delegation to ukraine, where he met president zelensky and he hasjust returned from the munich security conference. hejoins me now from ringoes, newjersey. tom malinowski, thank you indeed for your time. you certainly have the latest intelligence over the last couple of weeks of what people are thinking. but we have moved

into the next stage, haven't we? the sanctions are being laid out in front of president putin. in your view, laid out in front of president putin. in yourview, are laid out in front of president putin. in your view, are they strong enough? i putin. in your view, are they strong enough?— putin. in your view, are they strong enough? i think it is a aood strong enough? i think it is a good first — strong enough? i think it is a good first step _ strong enough? i think it is a good first step from - strong enough? i think it is a l good first step from president biden and other nato allies. these are far stronger sanctions than putin may have expected after i would say" you're really going into eastern ukraine". i think putin probably expected we would spend a few days or weeks arguing about whether this was arguing about whether this was a real invasion all whether it merited a strong response and i think he got his answer today from germany and from the united states in particular. i united states in particular. i would suggest perhaps the german response in terms of putting a hold on the nord stream two gas pipeline was a bit of a surprise to come so

quickly, too many of us. to really think he is surprised at the level of the other sanctions, do you and message whether, whether it is from president putin himself, these sanctions do not touch the sides. they will not deter russia? ~ ., , ., russia? well, i would be a little careful _ russia? well, i would be a little careful drawing - russia? well, i would be a little careful drawing that i little careful drawing that conclusion. russia has invaded ukraine but let's also be clear, this is about the most pathetic invasion they could have mastered, at least at this point. we do not see yet at least an attack on kyiv, we do not see airstrikes, we do not see direct contact with ukrainian forces. they may do that but until we do see it, i think it is sure to say that our steps and deterrence have no effect whatsoever. i don't

want us to beat... let me finish, especially after the last question you had, i think it's a dangerous mistake for us to be talking and exaggerating the strength of president putin. i think his paint very weak position, in fact and whatever direction he moves, i think in the long—term he loses. think in the long-term he loses. ~ ., ., , loses. what we do see domestically, - loses. what we do see domestically, and - loses. what we do see domestically, and i'ml loses. what we do see - domestically, and i'm sure you will agree, domestically, and i'm sure you willagree, is domestically, and i'm sure you will agree, is essentially putin is puppetmaster. every member of his cabinet and the duma is standing. where behind the decisions he takes. he has carte blanche to take the next step as he sees fit?— step as he sees fit? well, i don't see — step as he sees fit? well, i don't see that _ step as he sees fit? well, i don't see that as _ step as he sees fit? well, i don't see that as a - step as he sees fit? well, i don't see that as a sign - step as he sees fit? well, i don't see that as a sign of. don't see that as a sign of deterrent. i see a leader who is incapable of taking honest advice from anybody, he seems obsessed by this grandiose

vision of reconstituting the soviet union. at any cost. i see people around him who, the looks on their faces suggest to me that they think he is nuts, and yet they are not able to give him counsel. that is not a recipe for success, in any situation. look, russia did not win when it marched into afghanistan in 1979. united states did not win when marched into baghdad, into 2003. so, let's take a step back and evaluate side's positions and i would much rather be a strong and united nato alliance, wielding significant economic power in a way that is far more unified, i think, power in a way that is far more unified, ithink, then power in a way that is far more unified, i think, then putin was hoping, versus a guy who would have lost 80 back down and may well lose more spectacularly if he continues in this direction.—

in this direction. tom malinowski, - in this direction. tom malinowski, thank. in this direction. tom l malinowski, thank you in this direction. tom - malinowski, thank you very in this direction. tom _ malinowski, thank you very much indeed. . ~ malinowski, thank you very much indeed. ., ,, , ., the government of hong kong will launch a controversial vaccine passport on thursday and will only allow vaccinated people to go to places like supermarkets. the queen has cancelled her planned virtual engagements, due to mild coronavirus symptoms. buckingham palace said she would carry on with light duties after testing positive for covid—19 on sunday. she is isolating in windsor castle after she tested positive on sunday. the who and unicef have accused formula baby milk producers of unethical practices. in a new report they said the aggressive promotion of formula milk is in breach of international laws to protect

newborns. let's turn to flying dinosaurs now, known as pterosaurs. they are often seen as some of the most spectacular creatures to have flown over the earth, but a new discovery suggests they may have been far bigger, far earlier than we thought. fossils found in scotland, dating back 170 million years, suggest they had a wingspan bigger than a king size bed. 0ur science correspondent victoria gill has the story. these look a little like they might be teeth. and it's pretty symmetrical... hidden in the rock for 170 million years, the teeth and bones of a jurassic reptile. after racing the tide to cut out the limestone that entombed their discovery, the team had a rockyjourney to bring it back to their lab. here they've revealed the secrets of this isle of skye pterosaur that they've named �*dearc sgiathanach' — gaelic for "winged reptile". i think it's a lot clearer if we put the head back on, so we removed

the head to cat scan it, but we can put it right back there, join it up with the neck, and you can see the neck and it leads to a body. something like this preserved in 3d isjust a one in a billion thing. x—ray scans of the skull have revealed even more detail. i'm holding a model of dearc sgiathanach. it's slightly smaller than the one we have in the fossil room, but it's more or less how the creature might have looked in real life. it has these enormous wing membranes. it also has this big tail, used as a flying rudder. we walked injurassic footprints when we visited the isle of skye with this same research team back in 2015. and you can see the toes... fossilised depressions left by giant sauropods, the biggest animals ever to walk the earth. and this fossil, the researchers say, is the largest pterosaur from that same period. this is the average size of a jurassic pterosaur skull. and this is dearc, the newly—discovered fossil from the isle of skye.

the team's now sending it on anotherjourney, to the national museum of scotland, where it will eventually be put on display. it's a humble last trip on a pallet for a creature that's been buried since the age of the dinosaurs. victoria gill, bbc news, in edinburgh. we live in troubled times but one group in canada has found a pretty chilled way to unwind. they're braving the cold and the wind for a yoga class — surrounded by alpacas — trying to find their zen in the freezing canadian winter. apparently it's about doing something that's good for your body, good for your mind and good for your spirit. the classes are held to raise money to keep the animals happy and healthy at their sanctuary. yogis and alpacas in perfect harmony. whatever works for you, i

guess! don't forget the website, where we have more on all of our main stories, particularly on the russian ukraine issue. some of us are still feeling the effects of the storms. we are flooding in places. how about the weather in the short term? well, it's not going to be a bad start to the day for many parts of england and wales. but for scotland, northern ireland and to an extent the very far north of england, it is going to be once again a very blustery day on wednesday and it will turn progressively wintery through the day. it is still very active on the satellite picture here. these weather fronts across the atlantic racing our way. all of this, this is wintry weather, linked to this low pressure. a cold front is approaching but to the south, we are under the influence of a high—pressure here. so, clearer skies, lighter winds and through the early hours of the morning, a touch of ground frost at the very

least in rural areas. city centres itself won't be that cold, 6 degrees in plymouth, pretty nippy enough in birmingham at 2 celsius. milder, slightly milder weather than the morning in the lowlands of scotland and northern ireland. now, here's the next low pressure that is coming in. a cold front and behind it, we have wintry showers. the morning is going be pretty soggy in northern ireland and scotland, with increasing winds and gale force winds and 60 mile an hour gusts. the weather will eventually go downhill in the far north of england too. particularly blustry in the northeast there in newcastle, but all the while there, new england and wales, but overall not a bad day. increasingly through the afternoon we will see winter showers and scotland and northern ireland to lower and lower levels. and then that takes us into wednesday night and thursday. that cold front crosses the country and then we are all in the blustery, chilly stream of air from the north atlantic and you can see how frequent the winter showers

are across northern ireland. some showers could be wintry also across england and wales, maybe not the extreme south and in fact, if anything, thursday should be a decent enough day. single—figure temperatures. it will certainly feel coldest and the northwest here. 5 degrees and you add on that gale—force wind and you'll feel like it's barely above freezing. there is a hint of better weather on the way as high pressure builds on friday. i think that's going to be a very decent day and perhaps into the weekend, some of us could hold onto some that better weather. goodbye.

you are watching bbc news, these are the headlines. western allies including the us, europe and japan are continuing their efforts to shape a unified response to the crisis in ukraine, they have responded with targeted sanctions against russia. president biden said he would deploy us troops already stationed in europe to the baltic states. a usjury has found three white men who killed like drug are ahmaud arbery guilty of federal hate crimes stopping had already been sentenced to life in prison for the murder. his family welcome the latest verdict and said he had finally received justice. verdict and said he had finally receivedjustice. hong verdict and said he had finally received justice. hong kong has announced mandatory covid tests for all the city's residents. the chief executive carrie lam warned of penalties for anyone who failed to comply. she said it was necessary to tackle the

worst outbreak of the coronavirus.