welcome to bbc news. i'm david eades. our top stories: nato warns that russian troops are heading for eastern ukraine. we report from the front line where ukrainians are preparing for an invasion. the troops here say they have been fighting a long war against russian—backed separatists. they know that president putin may now send more forces. the us, europe, japan and now australia respond with a series of targeted sanctions. how far will they deter russia from further military action? who in the lord's name does putin think gives him the right to declare new so—called countries on territory that belong to his neighbours?

in other news, a usjury finds the murderers of ahmaud arbery guilty of federal hate crimes. ahmaud will continue to rest in peace, but he will now begin to rest in power. and from toe to tail: how scientists pieced together the true enormity of the giant flying dinosaur of 170 million years ago. hello. a very warm welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. russia has been dealt a wave of new economic and financial sanctions as the west tries to head off a military invasion of ukraine. nato says that there is evidence that russian troops are moving towards areas of eastern ukraine. president biden has accused russia of a clear violation

of international law and has also announced new financial sanctions. as has japan. they include targeting specific individuals. vladimir putin ordered russian troops to be sent to eastern ukraine after recognising these as independent states handled by the pro— russian rebels there. that is donetsk and luhansk. the areas highlighted in the grey of the south of those regions are already controlled by russian back to rebels. the yellow shows where ukrainian government forces still hold sway. our reporter reports from eastern ukraine. a glimpse of the kremlin�*s firepower today near the russian city of rostov—on—don, close to the border with ukraine. if president putin's forces cross that line, which will come as no surprise, many in ukraine will be bracing for the worst. dog barks and on the front lines

in zolotar, here in the east, they've been getting in some target practice. president putin has his eye on ukraine. the world watching and waiting for his next move. they know all about waiting here. this man has been in the trenches for seven long years, fighting kremlin—backed rebels, trying to keep moscow off ukrainian soil. "russia is rotten," he tells me. "and ukraine must blossom. that's why i'm here. "i want my wife and my daughter to live in peace and quiet." well, we've just started hearing some shelling in the last few minutes. the troops here say they have been fighting a long war against russian—backed separatists. they know that president putin may now send more forces,

and the question is — if his troops arrive, how far will they go? how much of ukraine will he try to take? troops here tell me russian forces are already in the separatist areas and have been for years. now that president putin has officially recognised the breakaway enclaves, he can openly send in more. translation: now we can hear the shelling continue. _ we are already prepared. everybody knows what to do in any situation. you just have to follow your orders. for you here on the ground, does anything change now? translation: absolutely no changes, except more motivation to do what we do on a professional level. we are standing here just for this. and some have paid

with their lives. in kyiv today, the state funeral for a fallen soldier. captain anton sidorov, a father of three daughters, was killed by shelling on saturday. he had been fighting the separatists since war broke out in the east in 2014. on the other side of the front lines last night, small—scale celebrations in the separatist enclave of donetsk, which moscow has declared to be an independent state. the reverberations may be felt for years. ijust want i just want to show you some of the sanctions which western countries have now imposed on russia over the course of the last 2a hours or so. president biden announcing us sanctions against two large russian banks, limiting access to

international financial systems. the white house did stress there were more sanctions in reserve if needed. that is how they put it. germany has suspended the major gas pipeline project, nord stream two. it has been built over many years now. it would have doubled the lower russian gas into germany. but that has been put on hold. borisjohnson is at uk sanctions will be imposed on five russian banks along with three russian individuals. let's hear how president biden announced the sanctions. he asserted that these regions are actually extend deeper than the two areas he recognised, claiming large areas currently under thejurisdiction of the ukraine government. this is the beginning of a russian invasion of ukraine, as he indicated, and asked permission to be able to do, and began to impose sanctions and response far beyond the steps our allies and

partners supplemented in 2014. retired lieutenant general david deptula is dean of the mitchell institute of aerospace studies. he was the designer of the desert storm campaign in iraq in 1991, also commander of air operations over afghanistan and iraq after 9/11. he said that it is us military underfunding which is behind russia's confidence. the resources aren't there, so the russian actions should be a wake—up call to rebuild the us military on this side of the atlantic and to rebuild the decayed nato forces on the other side of the atlantic. look, i'll give you an example — from a us point of view, we are at half the strength we were at 30 years ago during desert storm and we've declined from the ability to fight two major regional conflicts at that time to only one today if that. so from a us perspective,

only by achieving the degree of strength necessary to defeat china aggression in asia, and russian aggression in europe, in simultaneous time frames can we deter either of those situations from occurring. (crosstalk) your military rationale is very clear there. you're steeped in, frankly, military history of the last 30 years of modern warfare, you can see the impact that military forces can have, but you also know that back home there is no appetite for that at the moment. how do you turn that ship if that is what you think is needed? well, hopefully, this evolution of what's going on and the significance, the seriousness of the impact will elevate because, david, you are right — i mean, here in the united states,

what is garnering headlines or whether or not six—year—olds going to school should wear a mask or not. but the fact of the matter is today's russian aggression as a direct result of the decline of us military posture. so, unfortunately, if the united states public and the congress don't wake up to these potential threats, it may take us and/or nato defeat for people to understand just what the significance of the failure to keep a strong military will result in. and do you think that that is a distinct possibility? i have spoken to a number of analysts from across the us who have said in various different ways, look, if it is about sacrificing ukraine, then, frankly, that is what is going to happen. well, no, well, once again, it is unfortunate

that the situation that is occurring we find ourselves in. my point is that putin has sensed the weakness in nato and us military forces and that is why he is doing what he's doing. conventional deterrence, like i said, is based on a strong military set of capabilities and it's going to take time to reverse that. but we better wake up because aggressors like putin and xijinping are going to take advantage of this situation. i mean, we haven't even talked about the fact that it's going to be interesting to see how china plays what's going on in eastern europe today, because it could seriously stress our forces. that is a retired lieutenant talking to me earlier. we will pick up on the other news now. the queen has cancelled her planned virtual

engagements due to mild coronavirus symptoms. buckingham palace said she would continue with light duties after testing postive for covid on sunday. she's currently isolating at windsor castle. the world health organization and unicef have accused formula baby milk producers of unethical marketing practices. in a new report, they say the aggressive promotion of formula milk is in breach of international commitments to protect breastfeeding. the women's national soccer team in the united states has reached a landmark settlement with the sport's american governing body over equal pay. the players are going to share $22 million in back pay. the three white men convicted of murdering a black man while he was outjogging have now been found guilty of federal hate crimes in georgia. the three defendants had already been sentenced to life in prison last month for killing ahmaud arbery. aleem maqbool reports. victory! this family feels a sense of justice having been achieved.

a jury decided the men who murdered ahmaud arbery did so because of his race. i knew ahmaud's hands was in this from the very beginning. amen. clapping the way ahmaud left here, i knew that we would get victory on the state level and in the federal level. i knew that from day one. it was two years ago that ahmaud arbery was chased through a neighbourhood in which he was running close to his home. he was ambushed and shot dead. but though the police knew who killed him, no—one was arrested and charged for more than ten weeks and only after this video of what happened went viral. in a murder trial in november, father and son greg and travis mcmichael and their neighbour roddy bryant were found guilty of murder. now in a hate crimes trial, the evidence they exhibited a history of racism in the past, the killers�* actions were deemed racially motivated.

the us attorney—general said the only acceptable outcome would have been the victim returning safely to his loved ones two years ago. i cannot imagine the pain that a motherfeels... ..to have her son run down and then gunned down while taking a jog on a public street. my heart goes out to her and to the family. there are still questions as to why it took a viral video at a national campaign to get ahmaud arbery�*s killlers detained. without that, it's not hard to imagine the justice of the family's thankful for, remaining elusive. stay with us on bbc news. still to come on the programme: a new discovery suggests the wingspan of a giant flying dinosaur may have been far bigger than we thought.

prince charles has chosen his bride. the prince proposed the lady diana spencer three weeks ago. she accepted, she says, without hesitation. as revolutions go, this had its fair share of bullets. a climax in the night outside the gates of mr marcos's sanctuary, malacanang, the name itself symbolising one of the cruellest regimes of modern asia. the world's first clone has been produced i of an adult mammal. scientists in scotland i have produced a sheep called dolly using a cell from another sheep. i warren beatty and faye dunaway announced to the world that the winner of best film was la la land. the only trouble was it wasn't. the mistake was only put right in the middle of gushing speeches by the team behind the modern musical. not for 20 years have locusts been seen in such numbers in this part of africa. some of the swarms have been ten miles long. this is the last time - the public will see this pope. very soon, for the sake of the credibility- and authority of the next pope, benedict xvi - will, in his own words,

be hidden from the world for the rest of his life. i this is bbc news. the latest headlines: nato reports that russian troops are heading for eastern ukraine as the west announces sanctions against moscow. in the russian media there has been universal praise for the latest he announced his decision to deploy troops late on monday. decision to deploy troops late on monday-— decision to deploy troops late on monday. even now it is not clear if any — on monday. even now it is not clear if any troops _ on monday. even now it is not clear if any troops have - clear if any troops have arrived, our correspondent has this report from moscow. russia

the request to go into, keeps everyone guessing about his plans but this sounded like an ultimatum. plans but this sounded like an ultimatum-— plans but this sounded like an ultimatum. the best solutions would be for _ ultimatum. the best solutions would be for the _ ultimatum. the best solutions would be for the authorities i ultimatum. the best solutions would be for the authorities inj would be for the authorities in kyiv to give up their ambition tojoin nato and adopt neutrality. but our so—called partners pump ukraine full of modern weapons a solution will become impossible. so the most important thing is that ukrainians should demilitarised. ., demilitarised. down at the russian foreign _ demilitarised. down at the russian foreign ministry, | demilitarised. down at the i russian foreign ministry, we detected little desire for compromise, and much irritation at the latest round of western

sanctions imposed on moscow. trans mac these sanctions are illegal, we understood long ago that this is the only tool the west has to use against us, to contain us. west has to use against us, to contain un— west has to use against us, to contain na— west has to use against us, to contain us. but does russia not care that its _ contain us. but does russia not care that its international- care that its international reputation, in the west is getting lower and lower and your country is seen, increasingly as an aggressor? it's you, you are inventing this reputation. because of your actions. you are inventing this reputation for us. but the reputation of the west is covered in blood. at, reputation of the west is covered in blood. a shining example — covered in blood. a shining example of— covered in blood. a shining example of how _ covered in blood. a shining example of how differently | example of how differently russia views the world. brushes claim not to care about sanctions but this country is facing growing international isolation over the ukraine crisis, for now this is a

consequence moscow seems willing to accept. and the russian people. geopolitical tension is fuelling fear of conflict. we should be worried that all of this could spin out of control, pavel says, it's very serious. of course i'm nervous, says allah, we have sons, husbands, we don't want there to be. russians are hoping those leaders who take the decisions will take the right ones. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. hong kong has announced mandatory covid tests for all residents, with penalties for those who fail to comply. the programme, which will begin in march, comes as the territory is struggling to cope with a sharp rise in infections. confirmed new cases are currently running at more than 6,000 day. 0ur correspondent danny vincent sent this report. heavy equipment preparing the ground for a makeshift field hospital, reminiscent of the early days of the pandemic in 2020.

hong kong is rushing to deal with a surge in covid cases. 1000 new beds for those with severe symptoms will soon be available here. these were the scenes last week outside hong kong's public hospitals. more than 60% of the elderly are unvaccinated. critics say the authorities were blindsided by this new wave. hong kong officially has a zero—covid policy but the latest outbreak is pushing the health system close to breaking point. homes in the hong kong subdivided buildings were on averagejust three metres square in size. 0n the second floor of subdivided apartment this family are forced to live with covid. it takes effort to breathe. i keep coughing intensely and my chest hurts. it makes it hard to breathe. i cough up blood in the morning. doctors say they need to wait three days before being hospitalised. before this latest outbreak, even

asymptomatic patients have quarantined for weeks. over the last two years, hong kong has all but controlled the outbreak of covid—19. the authorities say it success is due in part to the use of the zero covid policy. now many are questioning if that policy is still working. china prides itself in strictly controlling the spread of the virus. beijing has sent on the ground support to help maintain the outbreak. hong kong officials say that further restrictions may may be introduced to bring the virus under control. children in the philippines were forced to learn by online classes because of the lu yen hsun and though some schools to develop in november rising infection levels kept many schools closed. now volunteer teachers in the south of the country have come up with an

idea to keep children up to date with their education. this railway track at the south of the philippines is really used which made it the perfect choice for a creative project. volunteer teachers change this wooden trolley along the rails, visiting three different neighbourhood three times a week. it has packed the gunnels with books and pencils they used to teach more than 60 children. used to teach more than 60 children-— used to teach more than 60 children. ., ., , . ., children. the main ob'ective of this mobile * children. the main ob'ective of this mobile library _ children. the main ob'ective of this mobile library is h children. the main objective of this mobile library is firstly - this mobile library is firstly to teach those struggling to read, and secondly to teach counting, adding and subtracting two children with a poor with numbers.— poor with numbers. schools in the philippines _ poor with numbers. schools in the philippines were _ poor with numbers. schools in the philippines were shut - poor with numbers. schools in the philippines were shut for l the philippines were shut for just under two years because of the covid—19 pandemic and the rise in 0micron infections has meant many are still closed. so when the mobile classroom arrives the kids can't wait to get their hands on the books. it's important that we do this especially now there is a

pandemic, and the children cannot do face—to—face learning. education is very important for these children. most of the volunteer teachers come from poor backgrounds themselves so they know what it's like to have nothing, and are delighted to have the opportunity to help these children, fired their imaginations and keep their dreams alive. making a discovery which dates back 170 million years is a rare enough achievement. actually being able to build an accurate picture of the size and shape of a fossilised dinosaur is another challenge. but it appears the giant flying dinosaur — or pterosaur — may well have been far bigger and living far earlier, than had been presumed. 0ur science correspondent victoria gill has the story of a significant scottish discovery. these look a little like they might be teeth. and it's pretty symmetrical... hidden in the rock for 170 million years, the teeth and bones of a jurassic reptile.

after racing the tide to cut out the limestone that entombed their discovery, the team had a rockyjourney to bring it back to their lab. here they've revealed the secrets of this isle of skye pterosaur that they've named �*dearc sgiathanach' — gaelic for "winged reptile". i think it's a lot clearer if we put the head back on, so we removed the head to cat scan it, but we can put it right back there, join it up with the neck, and you can see the neck and it leads to a body. something like this preserved in 3d isjust a one in a billion thing. x—ray scans of the skull have revealed even more detail. i'm holding a model of dearc sgiathanach. it's slightly smaller than the one we have in the fossil room, but it's more or less how the creature might have looked in real life. it has these enormous wing membranes. it also has this big tail, used as a flying rudder. we walked injurassic footprints when we visited the isle of skye with this same research team back in 2015. and you can see the toes...

fossilised depressions left by giant sauropods, the biggest animals ever to walk the earth. and this fossil, the researchers say, is the largest pterosaur from that same period. this is the average size of a jurassic pterosaur skull. and this is dearc, the newly—discovered fossil from the isle of skye. the team's now sending it on anotherjourney, to the national museum of scotland, where it will eventually be put on display. it's a humble last trip on a pallet for a creature that's been buried since the age of the dinosaurs. victoria gill, bbc news, in edinburgh. right now some huge public arts have appeared in brazil, all of them inspired by the covid—19 pandemic. they are appearing on buildings across sao paulo.

this features the hands of a doctor, praying while holding a stethoscope. this work was also worked by him, showing children from all backgrounds as they pray and where their masks. alexander leon was behind this giant piece of work showing health workers and laboratory coats, again with masks attached and another mural for you with mask wearing in the spotlight, showing a woman surrounded with images of other people with face coverings. very colourful, huge as well. this is slightly and slightly odd. 0ne this is slightly and slightly odd. one group in canada has found a chilled way to unwind. here they are out in the snow, having a yoga class surrounded ijy having a yoga class surrounded by alpacas. they are in search of their zen in the freezing canadian winter. this is all about doing something good for your mind, body and spirit, and

the point is they are trying to raise money to help the animals remain happy and healthy. that is bbc news. some of us are still feeling the effects of the storms. we are flooding in places. how about the weather in the short term? well, it's not going to be a bad start to the day for many parts of england and wales. but for scotland, northern ireland and to an extent, the very far north of england, it is going to be once again a very blustery day on wednesday and it will turn progressively wintery through the day. it is still very active on the satellite picture here. these weather fronts across the atlantic racing our way. all of this, this is wintry weather, linked to this low pressure. a cold front is approaching but to the south, we are under the influence of a high—pressure here. so, clearer skies, lighter winds and through the early hours of the morning, a touch of ground frost at the very

least in rural areas. city centres itself won't be that cold, 6 degrees in plymouth, pretty nippy enough in birmingham at 2 celsius. milder, slightly milder weather than the morning in the lowlands of scotland and northern ireland. now, here's the next low pressure that is coming in. a cold front and behind it, we have wintry showers. the morning is going be pretty soggy in northern ireland and scotland, with increasing winds and gale force winds and 60 mile an hour gusts. the weather will eventually go downhill in the far north of england too. particularly blustry in the northeast there in newcastle, but all the while there, new england and wales, but overall not a bad day. increasingly through the afternoon we will see winter showers and scotland and northern ireland to lower and lower levels. and then that takes us into wednesday night and thursday. that cold front crosses the country and then we are all in the blustery, chilly stream of air from the north atlantic and you can see how frequent the winter showers are across northern ireland.

some showers could be wintry also across england and wales, maybe not the extreme south and in fact, if anything, thursday should be a decent enough day. single—figure temperatures. it will certainly feel coldest and the northwest here. 5 degrees and you add on that gale—force wind and you'll feel like it's barely above freezing. there is a hint of better weather on the way as high pressure builds on friday. i think that's going to be a very decent day and perhaps into the weekend, some of us could hold onto some that better weather. bye— bye.

hello again. you are watching bbc news. here are the headlines: western allies, including the us, europe, japan and now australia are continuing their efforts to shape a unified reaction to the crisis in new rain. —— in ukraine. they have responded with a series of targeted sanctions against russia. president biden said he would deploy us troops already stationed in europe to the baltic states. a us jury has found three white men who killed a blackjogger guilty of federal hate crimes. they had already been sentenced to life in prison for his murder. the family welcomed the latest verdict and said he had finally received justice. hong kong has announced mandatory covid—19 tests for all the city's residence. the chief executive, carrie lam, warned of penalties for anyone who failed to comply.

now, it's time for hardtalk.