with are live in ukraine and the country at war after a huge russian military offensive by land, sea and air. the onslaught began just before dawn, with a barrage of russian missiles against multiple targets right across the country. then with russian attack helicopters and fighterjets homes in on the ukrainian army vladimir putin had this warning for anyone trying to stand in his way. translation: whoever tries to interfere with us _ or threaten our country should know that russia's response will be immediate and lead to such consequences that have never been experienced in history.

here in the capital, fearing the worst, some are desperate to leave their president call to help his country. translation: putin started a war against ukraine, - against the whole democratic world. he wants to destroy my country, he wants to destroy our country, everything we have been building, what we live for. as the invasion progressed reports of casualties on both sides, now nato is on high alert. so we have increased our presence in the east and part of the alliance with thousands more troops, sships and planes all the last weeks, to send a very clear message that an attack on one ally will trigger a response from the whole alliance. this act of wanton and reckless aggression is an attack notjust on ukraine, it's an attack on democracy and freedom, in eastern europe, and around the world.

and the wider effect of the conflict, soaring energy prices and a major hit to the global economy. and coming up on the bbc news channel. the scottish fa say there is ongoing dialogue with uefa, regarding developments in ukraine. it is ahead of the world cup qualifier between the two countries at hampden next month. good evening and welcome to bbc fews at six from the ukrainian capital kyiv, a country under attack after a huge russian military offensive by lander, sea and air. fighting is rages hours after moscow's invasion and many ukrainians are seeking shelter or trying to leave the major cities. there are reports of dozens

of military, and civilian casualty, it has been a dramatic day of events so ling us bring you up to speed. in a televised address at around 6am moscow time, president putin announced what he called a "special military operation" in the donbas region, aimed at the "demilitarisation and de—nazification of ukraine". it came as missile strikes were reported on ukrainian military targets in the early hours of the morning, with blasts being heard in several cities in the east of the country, as well as here in kyiv. explosions have been reported across the country, near major ukrainian cities. russia says it has destroyed more than 70 military targets, including 11 airfields. following strikes from the air russian tanks and troops began their advance into ukraine. they breached the border in three main directions, from the east, the south and the north, including from belarus, a long—time russian ally. our international correspondent orla guerin sent this report from orla guerin.

the dawn of a frightening new era in europe. kyiv a city of 3 million. awoke to sirens and a russian invasion. soon, a panicked exodus from the ukraine yap capital as the eu spoke of one of the darkest hours since world war ii. and darkened skies as russian attack helicopters targeted a military airport outside kyiv. ukraine says several were shot down. the invasion was by air, sea and land. president putin making the extraordinary claim that it was to rid this democratic country of nazis. reasons translation: i reasons translation: ., reasons translation: . . ., translation: i have decided to conduct a special _

translation: i have decided to conduct a special military - conduct a special military operation. it its aim is to progeejt have been subjected to core char and genocide from the kyiv regime for eight year, to do this we will be aiming at demilitarisation and denazify case of ukraine. this was russia's protection _ denazify case of ukraine. this was russia's protection in _ denazify case of ukraine. this was russia's protection in action. - denazify case of ukraine. this was russia's protection in action. ? - russia's protection in action. 7 cities across the city. unverified images from ukraine's northern and southern borders appear to show moscow's forces streaming in. ukraine's beleaguered president volodymyr zelensky appealed for blood donations and said she was an all out attack. translation: ., ., ., ., translation: what 0 do we hear toda 7 it translation: what 0 do we hear today? it is _ translation: what 0 do we hear today? it is not _ translation: what 0 do we hear today? it is notjust _ translation: what 0 do we hear today? it is notjust rocket - today? it is notjust rocket explosion, combat and the roar of aircraft, this is the sound of a new iron curtain, lowering and closing russia away from the civilised

worldful. our national task is to make this curtain not on our territory but in the homes of russians. from early morning in eastern ukraine, we found queues at atm, now there is war, people want cash in their pockets, and fear it may run short. like many, here this woman is trying to come helped what has befallen ukraine. trying to work out how to protect her two—year—old. translation: we how to protect her two-year-old. translation:— how to protect her two-year-old. translation: ~ ., , ~ . translation: we are shocked. which are totally shocked. _ translation: we are shocked. which are totally shocked. we _ translation: we are shocked. which are totally shocked. we are _ translation: we are shocked. which are totally shocked. we are afraid - are totally shocked. we are afraid for our children. for our families. are you thinking about trying to move? move7 translation: i move? translation: ., �* ~ ., , translation: i don't know, i 'ust don't translation: i don't know, i 'ust don-t know. — translation: i don't know, i 'ust don't know. where i translation: i don't know, i 'ust don't know. where can i translation: i don't know, i 'ust don't know. where can i i translation: i don't know, i 'ust don't know. where can i go? h translation: i don't know, ijust don't know. where can i go? we l translation: idon't know, | just- don't know. where can i go? we don't know where to go. who will have us? nobody. nowhere is waiting for us.

more queues at the petrol stations. many want to be ready for whatever may come. like andre who felt the explosions overnight. translation: i explosions overnight. translation: ., . ., , translation: i heard it clearly, the earth was really _ translation: i heard it clearly, the earth was really shaking, _ translation: i heard it clearly, the earth was really shaking, so - translation: i heard it clearly, the earth was really shaking, so we - translation: i heard it clearly, the earth was really shaking, so we got. earth was really shaking, so we got up earth was really shaking, so we got up and now we are waiting for fuel. we will buy some so we can be mobile, in case all communications are cut. we have to repair, what else can we do? and where to run to? as russia does this. a missile strike on an airport in western ukraine. and here, the aftermath of another strike, on a block of flats in ukraine's second

city. innocent civilians not safe in their own homes. missile fragments now on display in the playground. in the battle for ukraine, russia is controlling the skies. here, ukrainianforces ukraine, russia is controlling the skies. here, ukrainian forces try to bring down helicopters. but they are outgunned. they have been suffering losses, we don't know how many. this nation is now under sustained attack. a day has changed everything, and notjust for ukraine. tonight the established security order in europe since the end of the cold war has been violently up ended by russia,

frenzied international diplomacy failed to prevent this, the threat of international sanctions proved inedge effective and the russian leaseholderer who insisted for months he had no planned to invade his neighbour has donejust months he had no planned to invade his neighbour has done just that. now nato says it was in fact long plan and cold blooded. president putin is taking what he wants here by force, knowing the international community is not going to stop him, and tonight we have had confirmation from the authorities in ukraine that after a heavy battle, russian forces are now in control of chernobyl. the location of the former nuclear plant. thank you for that. orla guerre rinse live on the front line in eastern ukraine. people here in kyiv woke to the sound of air raid sirens, as citizens who'd long prayed for peace, now had to face war. my colleague, nick beake, has been gauging the thoughts of some of the people here, to the extraordinary unfolding events.

a european capital, just three hours flight from london, confronted by its worst fears. the sirens have started here in the capital kyiv. the invasion, the attack that russia promised would never happen has start and the ukrainian government is urging people to stay calm and it is appealing to the international community, to stop president putin now. we soon find land fay and her mum, russia forced them from their home eight years ago, now, they are on the move again. it is home eight years ago, now, they are on the move again.— on the move again. it is very very nervous. — on the move again. it is very very nervous. and _ on the move again. it is very very nervous. and i — on the move again. it is very very nervous, and i am _ on the move again. it is very very nervous, and i am very _ on the move again. it is very very nervous, and i am very scared, . on the move again. it is very very i nervous, and i am very scared, but l, nervous, and i am very scared, but i, i must be strong.— i, i must be strong. after the overnight _ i, i must be strong. after the overnight attacks _ i, i must be strong. after the overnight attacks from - i, i must be strong. after the overnight attacks from the i i, i must be strong. after the l overnight attacks from the sky, i, i must be strong. after the - overnight attacks from the sky, many take refuge underground. this feel like one of the safest places in the city today, notjust because there are lots of soldiers about but because the metro is doubling up as a bomb shelter, and overnight families have come down here, they are trying to follow the news of what is happening and they are

trying to work out what they are going to do next. this two—year—old is still smiling but his mum and dad are worried. is still smiling but his mum and dad are worried-— is still smiling but his mum and dad are worried._ this - is still smiling but his mum and dad are worried._ this is i are worried. eight bombs. this is the worsts _ are worried. eight bombs. this is the worsts that... _ are worried. eight bombs. this is the worsts that... i _ are worried. eight bombs. this is the worsts that... i am _ are worried. eight bombs. this is the worsts that... i am very - are worried. eight bombs. this is the worsts that... i am very very | the worsts that... i am very very scared the worsts that. .. i am very very scared for— the worsts that... i am very very scared for my — the worsts that... i am very very scared for my boy _ the worsts that... i am very very scared for my boy alexander - the worsts that... i am very very i scared for my boy alexander says. then, they both ask, where are nato to help us? when the bombs started falling, army reservist mark helped his neighbours leave their homes, now he wants help to safe his country. now he wants help to safe his count . , , . ., , now he wants help to safe his count. ., country. our friends such as great britain and _ country. our friends such as great britain and other— country. our friends such as great britain and other countries. - country. our friends such as great britain and other countries. he . britain and other countries. he tells me he is ready to fight on the front lynette and die for ukraine. there is only one way to serve our country, our children, our mothers, and defend our country from russian

occupation, and so we will fight all day. occupation, and so we will fight all da . ,, , ., , ., ., day. queues have been growing for food, and day. queues have been growing for food. and for _ day. queues have been growing for food, and for cash. _ food, and for cash. many are fearful of what will come next. among them, alexis. if many are fearful of what will come next. among them, alexis. if russia will occuay kyiv. _ next. among them, alexis. if russia will occupy kyiv, which _ next. among them, alexis. if russia will occupy kyiv, which i _ next. among them, alexis. if russia will occupy kyiv, which i don't - will occupy kyiv, which i don't think will happen because i believe many our army, well, it will be like like a nazi occupation. iliiui’ith many our army, well, it will be like like a nazi occupation.— like a nazi occupation. with video a- -aearin like a nazi occupation. with video appearing to _ like a nazi occupation. with video appearing to show— like a nazi occupation. with video appearing to show russian - appearing to show russian helicopters flying low and firing north of kyiv. tonight, russian troops are reported to be moving ever closer, ukraine is vowing to defends its capital and for those who have chosen to stay, they simply don't know what the night will bring. the kremlin insists its military operation in ukraine will last as long as is necessary. president putin, who announced the action early this morning, warned that any outside interference would lead to an "immediate" response never previously

experienced in history. from moscow, our correspondent steve rosenberg reports. there are moments that change the course of history. would this be one? russia invaded ukraine. its president threatened the west... translation: if anyone tries to stand in our way or even i threaten our country, our people, they should know russia will respond immediately and this will lead to such consequences the likes of which you have never experienced in your history. russian state tv went into overdrive, backing the assault, claiming ukrainian soldiers were surrendering en masse. a different mood here, at one of russia's last surviving independent papers.

to show solidarity with ukraine, tomorrow's edition will be in russian and ukrainian. the paper's editor, dmitry muratov, won last year's nobel peace prize. he believes that president putin has done irreparable damage to his country. translation: unfortunately, | i have to say very bitter words. i think that today, february 24th, russia's future was taken away from it. our peace—loving russian people will now feel the hatred of the world, because we are starting a third world war in the centre of europe. vladimir putin comes across now as a leader with an almost messianic idea — to force ukraine back into moscow's orbit, even if that means war. what the public might think about that doesn't come into it. he seems determined to achieve his goal. in the centre of moscow,

"we are against the war", she says, "and we want the whole world to know that". but, so far, few russians have come out to protest. maybe this is why. in russia now, protests end like this. i'm sorry, so shocked. ijust can't help crying. i think that most russians don't support this. it's horrible. and why don't they support it? because it's not our war. it is war putin—biden or anyone else, but not our nation. "i think the ukrainian soldiers will surrender", she says, "and they should". "it's terrible to be at war with ukraine." this is not a conflict the russian public wants. this is the kremlin's war.

and, with regard to that, steve, the whole world is watching and wondering what exactly is it president putin feels he can get out of this military adventure by attacking its smaller neighbour without any provocation7 it’s a attacking its smaller neighbour without any provocation? it's a good cuestion. i without any provocation? it's a good question. i think— without any provocation? it's a good question. i think vladimir _ without any provocation? it's a good question. i think vladimir putin i without any provocation? it's a good question. i think vladimir putin is i question. i think vladimir putin is fuelled by resentment at how the cold war ended, with the west declaring victory in russia losing power and territory and influence. i think he is also motivated by a semi—religious belief that ukraine longs to russia, that ukraine must be in russia's orbit, that russia, as a great power, has the right to a sphere of influence. what can the west do about all of this? it's hard to see. i think it's clear america isn't going to put boots on the ground. the west does not want to fight russia. it doesn't want a

world war. vladimir putin will have factored in sanctions. there is one thing i'd say. if you have been in power as long as vladimir putin has beenin power as long as vladimir putin has been in power, 22 years, as president or prime minister, you start to feel you are invincible, you start to feel you can't put a foot wrong, that you are teflon, and thatis foot wrong, that you are teflon, and that is when mistakes creep in and i wonder, judging by the strength of feeling here in the public, many people thinking this is a mistake, russia invading ukraine, iwonder whether this action by vladimir putin will come to be seen here amongst the russian people as a fatal mistake.— amongst the russian people as a fatal mistake. ,, , fatal mistake. ok. steve rosenberg, live in moscow. _ fatal mistake. ok. steve rosenberg, live in moscow. never— fatal mistake. ok. steve rosenberg, live in moscow. never mind - fatal mistake. ok. steve rosenberg, live in moscow. never mind the i fatal mistake. ok. steve rosenberg, live in moscow. never mind the viewj live in moscow. never mind the view on the ground in russia, what about the rest of the world? leaders around the world have been expressing their outrage

at the invasion and promising unprecedented sanctions against russia. the eu, which is holding an emergency summit this evening, called it a "barbaric attack" that threatened the stability of europe. borisjohnson said it was "an attack on democracy and freedom around the world." our diplomatic correspondent james landale reports. four days, four weeks, western politicians played court to vladimir putin, doing what they could to pull the russian leader and his ministers back from the brink, but their diplomacy, their deterrence and phone calls failed. now the world must face the consequences of this man's defiance. it was, said the french president, a turning point in europe's history. translation: , ., , ., translation: president putin has not onl attacked translation: president putin has not only attacked ukraine _ translation: president putin has not only attacked ukraine it _ translation: president putin has not only attacked ukraine it has _ translation: president putin has not only attacked ukraine it has felted i only attacked ukraine it has felted its sovereignty and cause the most serious attack on peace and stability in europe for decades.

after consulting his national security advisors president biden spoke to fellow g7 leaders who agreed to impose severe economic and financial sanctions on russia. this evening, eu leaders were arriving in brussels to agree their own package of measures against russia, measures they hope will punish and perhaps even deter. it is they hope will punish and perhaps even deter-— even deter. it is president putin who is bringing _ even deter. it is president putin who is bringing war— even deter. it is president putin who is bringing war back i even deter. it is president putin who is bringing war back to i even deter. it is president putin i who is bringing war back to europe and, in these dark hours, the european union and its people stand by ukraine and its people. we are facing an unprecedented act of aggression by the russian leadership against a sovereign, independent country. against a sovereign, independent count . ., ., , ., , ., ., country. nato promised to do even more to reinforce _ country. nato promised to do even more to reinforce its _ country. nato promised to do even more to reinforce its eastern i country. nato promised to do even | more to reinforce its eastern flanks but made clear no troops would be sent to ukraine, which is not a member of the military alliance. the kremlin's aim _ member of the military alliance. tue: kremlin's aim is member of the military alliance. t'te: kremlin's aim is to member of the military alliance. tte: kremlin's aim is to re—establish member of the military alliance. t'te: kremlin's aim is to re—establish its sphere of influence, rip up the

global rules that have kept us all safe for decades, and subvert the values that we hold dear. this is the new normal for our security. values that we hold dear. this is the new normalfor our security. tit the new normal for our security. in a recorded statement from downing street, borisjohnson did promise ukraine more defensive weapons. ukraine more defensive weapons. ukraine is a country that, for decades, has enjoyed freedom and democracy and the right to choose its own destiny. we and the world cannot allow that freedom just to be snuffed out. we cannot and will not just look away. our mission is clear, diplomatically, politically, economically and, eventually, militarily, this hideous and barbaric venture of vladimir putin must end in failure. tit barbaric venture of vladimir putin must end in failure.— must end in failure. in the early hours the _ must end in failure. in the early hours the un — must end in failure. in the early hours the un security _ must end in failure. in the early hours the un security council . must end in failure. in the early i hours the un security council met in

emergency session to discuss the actions of one its its own. in fact, its current president, an invasion by this man's country in clear breach of the very purpose of this body. breach of the very purpose of this bod . , , ., , , ., body. president putin, stop your troo -s body. president putin, stop your troops from _ body. president putin, stop your troops from attacking _ body. president putin, stop your troops from attacking ukraine. l body. president putin, stop your i troops from attacking ukraine. give peace a chance. too many people have already died. but peace a chance. too many people have already died-— already died. but such pleas are now fallin: on already died. but such pleas are now falling on deaf— already died. but such pleas are now falling on deaf ears, _ already died. but such pleas are now falling on deaf ears, and _ already died. but such pleas are now falling on deaf ears, and the - already died. but such pleas are now falling on deaf ears, and the people | falling on deaf ears, and the people of ukraine are paying the price. james landale, bbc news. boris johnson accused president putin of unleashing a "tidal wave of violence". in a televised address, the prime minister said he had spoken to president zelensky to offer the uk's continued support in ensuring that the "flame of freedom" once again "blazed bright" in ukraine. he promised what he called a "massive package of economic sanctions".

in the commons, he said it was the largest and most severe set of sanctions europe has ever seen. conflict on our continent was not, after oil, consigned to history. —— after oil, consigned to history. —— after all. assumptions of safety in europe shaken, our parliament and prime minister confronting the politics of war.— prime minister confronting the politics of war. president putin of russia has _ politics of war. president putin of russia has unleashed _ politics of war. president putin of russia has unleashed war- politics of war. president putin of russia has unleashed war in i politics of war. president putin of russia has unleashed war in our. russia has unleashed war in our european — russia has unleashed war in our european continent. he has attacked a friendly— european continent. he has attacked a friendly country without any provocation and without any credible... we and the world cannot allow_ credible... we and the world cannot allow that_ credible... we and the world cannot allow that freedom just to be snuffed — allow that freedom just to be snuffed out. allow that freedom 'ust to be snuffed outi allow that freedom 'ust to be snuffed out. . ., ., snuffed out. that will not, though, mean british _ snuffed out. that will not, though, mean british military _ snuffed out. that will not, though, mean british military lives - snuffed out. that will not, though, mean british military lives being i mean british military lives being put in harms way but a titus gwaze of sanctions. the hope, stopping russian business swelling through the city will hurt. there are ten areas of sanctions, including an

asset freeze against all major russian banks, and laws to stop the russian banks, and laws to stop the russian government and firms getting money from uk markets. sanctions get 100 countries and individuals, oligarchs and backers of vladimir putin. some exports will be suspended, equipment which can be used by the military, some and oil refinery goods, and a ban on the russian airline aeroflot landing in the uk. diplomacy seems at an end now. more shouting than talking perhaps. the russian about it to see the foreign secretary, unceremoniously booted out of the meeting ten minutes later. liz truss telling her counterparts, russia lied to the world. the opposition calling for common cause, to share intelligence. 0ur political parties largely instep. in the commons,

unusually, together in condemnation at this dangerous moment in history. putin will stand condemned in the eyes of— putin will stand condemned in the eyes of the world and of history. he will never— eyes of the world and of history. he will never be able to cleanse the blood _ will never be able to cleanse the blood of — will never be able to cleanse the blood of ukraine from his hands. now we see _ blood of ukraine from his hands. now we see him _ blood of ukraine from his hands. now we see him for what he is. a bloodstained aggressor who believes in imperial conquest. but bloodstained aggressor who believes in imperial conquest.— in imperial conquest. but how to confront him? _ in imperial conquest. but how to confront him? the _ in imperial conquest. but how to confront him? the uk— in imperial conquest. but how to confront him? the uk is- in imperial conquest. but how to i confront him? the uk is announcing the [arrest confront him? the uk is announcing the largest and _ confront him? the uk is announcing the largest and most _ confront him? the uk is announcing the largest and most severe - confront him? the uk is announcingl the largest and most severe package of economic sanctions russia has ever— of economic sanctions russia has ever seen — of economic sanctions russia has ever seen. we will continue on a remorseless mission to squeeze russia _ remorseless mission to squeeze russia from the global economy piece by piece. _ russia from the global economy piece by piece, day by day and week by week _ by piece, day by day and week by week. , . ., . by piece, day by day and week by week. , . by piece, day by day and week by week. . , week. this conflict will cost us, too. we week. this conflict will cost us, too- we must _ week. this conflict will cost us, too. we must prepare - week. this conflict will cost us, | too. we must prepare ourselves week. this conflict will cost us, i too. we must prepare ourselves for difficulties here. _ too. we must prepare ourselves for difficulties here. we _ too. we must prepare ourselves for difficulties here. we will— too. we must prepare ourselves for difficulties here. we will face i difficulties here. we will face economic pain as we free europe from dependence on russian gas and oil and clean out institutions from

money stolen from the russian people. but the british public have always been willing to make sacrifices to defend democracy on our continent, and we will again. for our politicians, for the prime minister, the challenge is immense, the first political generation in so long to have to grapple with war on our continent like this and, while ukraine is more than 1000 miles away, this isn't remote. the jacket backdrop of what happens around here and the cost of our everyday living, there may be a price for us all. those paying tonight, the people of ukraine. singing out in sadness at loss of life and freedom. the west hopes, in the end, it will be the russian leader who will count the cost. laura kuenssberg, bbc news,

westminster. ina in a moment, we will hearfrom our europe editor, katya adler, in brussels and now north america editor in washington flip first, laura kuenssberg. the prime minister has promised a tough package of sanctions but, given this country has been invaded, what effect they think that will have? timer;r has been invaded, what effect they think that will have?— think that will have? they are significant — think that will have? they are significant steps, _ think that will have? they are significant steps, as - think that will have? they are significant steps, as far i think that will have? they are significant steps, as far as i think that will have? they are | significant steps, as far as the government is concerned, and compared to earlier this week it's a wide—ranging package. there is a real determination in government to show strength to ukraine and showed determination to deal with vladimir putin. downing street has tonight lit up the building in the colours of the ukrainian flag, that yellow and blue shining out. the question of whether these sanctions will make an immediate or intense impact on what is happening on the ground is a rather different one. one minister suggested today that, in the short term, this may not do very much to

change the situation. it would be in the medium and long—term that they would degrade vladimir putin's grip on russia and harm the economy, so it might take some time, in this minister was not review, for the impact to be felt very keenly, but it's also important to remember that the uk at this point has no intention whatsoever of putting british forces in harm's away, so the uk, like much of the west, is talking tough on rhetoric. they are taking measures, these are not insubstantial, but they are not prepared to talk the language of using force, with domestic countries making the decisions to put their own troops in harm's way in ukraine, and the language of force is one that vladimir putin seems only too happy to talk. that vladimir putin seems only too happy to talk-— happy to talk. let's get the perspective _ happy to talk. let's get the perspective from _ happy to talk. let's get the perspective from our i happy to talk. let's get the l perspective from our europe happy to talk. let's get the - perspective from our europe editor, catch editor —— katya adler, in brussels. we have a major conflict

in europe, the like of which has not been seen in such a long time. however it is the eu? the been seen in such a long time. however it is the eu? the mood in brussels this _ however it is the eu? the mood in brussels this evening _ however it is the eu? the mood in brussels this evening is _ however it is the eu? the mood in brussels this evening is sombre i however it is the eu? the mood in. brussels this evening is sombre and extremely concerned. the eu commission chief said today vladimir putin has brought war back to europe and there is an absolute conviction that this is about more than ukraine, it's an attempt by russia to change the stability and order in europe, and that means european countries, formerly iron curtain countries, formerly iron curtain countries, how members of the eu and nato, feel really exposed, mostly the baltic states, which border russia and worry the kremlin will try and destabilise them. the eu is bracing itself for a new migration crisis, and the countries bordering ukraine, hungary, romania and poland, really on the front line, as ukrainians may try and flee the violence. the big bang sanctions that eu leaders say they are going to announce tonight, italy, germany and others are worried they will be

hit by that far more than others, so brussels says the idea of this summit is a strong expression of unity. externally, with warnings for vladimir putin, and reassurance for ukraine, but also internally, for 27 eu leaders to say, we are in this together. one eu official said to us he thinks this will be one of the hardest and most emotional summits the eu has ever held. bud hardest and most emotional summits the eu has ever held.— the eu has ever held. and sarah in washington. _ the eu has ever held. and sarah in washington, the _ the eu has ever held. and sarah in washington, the american - the eu has ever held. and sarah in i washington, the american president, joe biden, about to address the nation. what we expect to hear? he has nation. what we expect to hear? he: has promised he will announce a devastating package of sanctions and other measures, but there is not much hope here that that is actually going to hold russia's attack, because what is happening may be a shock but it's not a surprise. the us had been predicting this for weeks and they'd laid out in advance what their response would be filled up what their response would be filled up president putin has looked at

that and not been deterred. there are thousands of american troops which have been sent to eastern europe. they are in poland, romania and the baltic states, but there is absolutely no intention they will go into ukraine or engage with russian forces. that is not something that is being contemplated here. when president biden says that the world will make sure russia is held accountable, in the kremlin, they may very well be asking, how exactly? this is a huge problem for exactly7 this is a huge problem for america and the international community because there is no doubt it is a major challenge to international stability, to european security, but it also poses a very significant challenge to the us, because if they appear powerless to prevent this assault on ukraine from russia, what do they do now? sarah, thank you, sarah smith in washington. to katya adler in brussels and lure raw, many thanks to you all.

there are economies as to how the ukrainians will be able to defends themselves on their own against one of the most powerful militaries in the world. our defence correspondent jonathan beale has this assessment of how the two sides in this latest conflict match up, a warning his report contains some flashing images. report contains some flashing images. early this morning came the russian version of shock and awe. using its long range weapons, rockets and cruise missiles russia's set to target ukraine's military headquarters, installations and air defences. russia has launched strikes right across the country, including near the capital kyiv, its main port of 0desa, as well as kharkiv, close to the russian border. strikes have been followed up by military units crossing the border. russian forces are reported to have entered ukraine from belarus in the north, and from russia itself to the west, right down to the south, from crimea, which russia invaded in 2014.

western intelligence already assessed that russia had massed up to 190,000 troops on ukraine's border. that's slightly less than ukraine's entire armed forces of around 200,000. but russia has more advanced weapons. it has long range cruise and ballistic missiles, and some of the world's most sophisticated air defence systems. and russia's key advantage is in the air. it has around 300 combat aircraft, including fighterjets and attack helicopters on the border. ukraine has just over 100. they will very quickly gain air superiority. as soon as they do, the over 200,000 ukrainian troops stop being an army that can manoeuvre and reposition itself to fight which ever axes the russians advance on, and instead becomes a collection of independent units that will struggle to reposition themselves without coming under air attack, and so that's where the ukrainians face very hard choices.

pinned down, ukraine's forces will find it harder to defend. many of its best trained and best equipped troops are in the east of the country, along the line of control. western intelligence officials fear they could become encircled. the us and britain are among the few countries that have supplied ukraine with weapons, but these are mostly short range anti—tank and surface—to—air missiles. their best chance may be to defend the cities. kyiv is a central objective. its political significance is as the seat of the ukrainian government, but russia must be seen to capture it, and must physically remove the ukrainian government and neutralise its institutions, and its's hard to see how with it do that without capturing kyiv. so i think the defence of kyiv is vital to the position of the ukrainian forces.

the key question is whether president putin will achieve his political objectives through military means. and how long can ukraine hold out on its own? jonathan beale, bbc news. oil prices surged to their highest level in seven years as a result of the military action in ukraine. uk wholesale gas prices also rose sharply today, up by 60%, threatening to push up heating bills even further. while the uk gets very little of its oil and gas from russia directly, there are concerns sanctions could constrict supplies, driving up global wholesale prices. 0ur economics editor faisal islam has the details. the economy is an important battle ground here, the key weapon for the west against putin's russia, and it is also the way in which these huge events will most clearly affect households across the uk. you can see the profound impact

of this invasion on the world economy in today's global markets. a barrel of crude oil already above $100 for the first time in seven years. that will filter into petrol prices, which on average are at a record of £1.50 a litre. it could push them up a further ten or 20 pence. 0n the gas markets, the international price up 60%, £3.50 a therm. household energy bills already going up now by a record. if this conflict lasts weeks or months, that could happen again in the winter, and that is not the end of it. food prices too stand to be affected. the conflict is likely to interrupt the supply of grain from ukraine, which is responsible for an eighth of world supplies. but the economy's also a weapon here, the impact already being felt on the russian currency, down to a record low against the dollar, with the russians having to prop up the rouble using soft of its war

chest of over $600 billion$in the rouble using some of its war chest of over $600 billion$in currency and gold reserves. the russian stock market crashed this morning, losing up to 40% of its value as its main banks and energy giant gazprom at one point halved in value. but russian gas supplies, including through ukraine, continued uninterrupted. quite literally dollars, euros and pounds are flowing into the kremlin and companies it controls selling its main export as the western world decries what is russia is doing with that funding. so there is no embargo on russian energy exports like there was for saddam hussein's iraq when he invaded kuwait 30 years ago. serious sanctions that could cripple the russian economy would also have a painful and material impact on britain, on the rest of europe, politically, economically and socially. mr putin's calculation is that that would be too high a price for the west. faisal islam, bbc news.

the far—reaching economic consequences of this war. and if you want more information on this fast—moving story and the latest developments and those coming up in the next few hour, just go to our web page. it is live there. well, that is it from kyiv for the moment. more from me later on but i will hand you back to the studio in london. thank you, clive. you are watching a specially extended news at six, the news where you are is coming up at 7.00. first, here's some of the day's other news. students who start university in england next year could be paying off their loans for a0 years after graduating, according to new government plans. under the current system, loans are written off after 30 years. labour says the changes will hit those on low incomes the hardest. 0ur education editor, branwenjeffreys, is here.

talk us through the changes. well, tuition fees — talk us through the changes. well, tuition fees are _ talk us through the changes. well, tuition fees are going _ talk us through the changes. well, tuition fees are going to _ talk us through the changes. well, tuition fees are going to be - talk us through the changes. -tt tuition fees are going to be frozen for a couple of years which might feel like good new, to too future students but if you are starting next year, in 200323 you will most likely start repaying sooner as soon as you start earning £25,000 as a graduate. you likely to repay much more than under the current system, and you will be repaying for a lot longer, forfor a0 years instead of 30. who does this affect most7 longer, forfor a0 years instead of 30. who does this affect most? the middle earners, like middle managers or teachers who will take the biggest hit in repayments, facing the prospects of still repaying their own student loans, when their children start going to university. the very highest earners, so think about people like lawyer, doctor, financier, they are going to see a strikingly large fall in the amount they repay, 26% drop. because in

future, everyone will be paying the same slightly lower interest rates on their loan, so this is going to raise questions about fairness, is the balance right between the highest earners and the lowest? it will, however, in the long—term help reduce the bill to taxpayers. thank you. all remaining legal covid restrictions have been removed in england, nearly two years after the first rules were introduced. it means people are now no longer legally required to self—isolate if they test positive for covid, although they are still advised to do so. restrictions have already been lifted in northern ireland but will be gradually loosened in scotland and wales. the chancellor rishi sunak has also reserved a questionnaire from the metropolitan police as part of the inquiry into parties at downing street and whitehall during the covid lockdowns. he is one of round 50 people including the prime

minister who has been asked to complete the legal questionnaire, as police look into allegations of covid rule breaking. police look into allegations of covid rule breaking. the queen has postponed another two virtual engagements following her positive covid test. buckingham palace says she's still carrying out light duties and held a telephone audience with the prime minister, borisjohnson, yesterday. the queen, who is 95, tested positive for the virus on sunday. 0ur royal correspondent, nicholas witchell, is at buckingham palace. what more can you tell us nick7 buckingham palace continues to be very tight with information about this. it is a health matter, therefore as far as they are concerned, it is essentially private but we know that this morning two virtual engagements due to take place today were postponed, just as happened on tuesday. there was no talk today of mild cold like symptoms the as which have heard but we were told she is continuing with light duty, whatever that phrase mean, now there are no more virtual engagements tomorrow, we do know she spoke to the prime minister last night. so where does this all leave

us in terms of the central question of how is the queen? i don't sense there is sharp concern, not least because other members of the royal family are continuing with their plan, but in terms of that central question, of how is the queen? buckingham palace continues to say as little as possible. nick, at buck burke, thank you. let us go back to clive in ukraine. thank you would be for that. so how did we arrive at a situation where russian tanks are rolling onto ukrainian soil7 we will take a look at ukraine's relationship with its bigger neighbour. ukraine's independence came in 1991, the soviet union collapsed and as it splintered a number of new nations emerged. ukraine was once of the largest. its population was 52

million. it was 1200 kilometre from east to west, with that land came a huge farming sector worth ore $20 billion now or close to £15 billion. as democracy moved east, this was a moment of optimism, in 19891 ukrainiage —— ukrainians celebrated theirfirst election, ukrainiage —— ukrainians celebrated their first election, the ukrainiage —— ukrainians celebrated theirfirst election, the ussalled it moment tuss, one decembered it as a flowering of our soul. democracy count change their geography or its history. to the east, was russia, to the west, were poland, slovakia and hungary —— hungaryry, all three had communists past, by 200a all three had joined the european union, being pro—russia or pro europe became a fundamental dividing line in ukrainian politics and months later we saw how. amid allegation of electoral fraud what became known as the orange revolution and two men were the focus. viktor yushchenko

and viktor yanukovych. while the outcome of that election was settled, relations with russia were not. and in 2010, there was a further twist. viktor yanukovych was reelect and in 2013, he would take a decision with huge ramifications. chris morris reported at the time. as eu leader ofs arrived for the eastern partnership summit something was missing. the centrepiece was supposed to have been the signing of an association agreement with ukraine. but it didn't happen. under pressure from russia viktor yanukovych walkedia away from the deal and another revolution would begin. there were weeks of protests and crackdowns and in the end viktor yanukovych would flee his country estate outside of kyiv and head for russia, of an association agreement with ukraine. but it didn't happen. under pressure from russia viktor yanukovych walkedia away from the deal and another revolution would begin. there were weeks of protests and crackdowns and in the end viktor yanukovych would flee his country estate outside of kyiv and head for russia, watching from most —— moscow

was vladimir putin. this was his cue to act. first they annexed crimea, say it peninsula on the black sea, weeks later pro—russia rebels seize ed two regions in eastern ukraine, russia already divided ukrainian politics, now putin was divided the country itself but the turn towards the west that frustrated him then remains now, one recent poll shows 68% of ukrainians in favour of joining the eu. putin sees russians and ukrainians as one people, a single hole. he says ukraine is ancient russian soil. that perception may explain this invasion, but perhaps there is something else too. because the �*90s border surge of democratic optimism to ukraine's current president, this invasion is showing us what putin thinks of that. translation: , ., ., ., translation: putin started a war auainst translation: putin started a war against ukraine, _ translation: putin started a war against ukraine, against _ translation: putin started a war against ukraine, against the i against ukraine, against the democratic world. he wants to destroy my country, he wants to destroy my country, he wants to destroy our country. everything we have built. ., ' ., destroy our country. everything we have built. ., , ., ., , ., have built. that effort to build a nation began — have built. that effort to build a nation began as _ have built. that effort to build a nation began as ukraine - have built. that effort to build a i nation began as ukraine emerged from the soviet union and the end o testify cold war, today, as russia invades ukrainians are seeing the

extent of putin's resentment of what happened then and what has happened since. ross atkins with that look at the history, perhaps underlie lining what has been taking place today. the bbc�*s ukrainian service has been covering this crisis for several years and among them is a reporter who is sheltering with her parents as i speak in a residential suburb in kyiv. let's get your response to today's events. tell me the shop —— the shot you and the others must be feeling. because to me and my from the bbc ukrainian service are really shocked. the whole country, when ukraine became the front line. we used to have a front line in eastern ukraine, the donbas, with the war

between the ukrainian government and the russian backed separatists have been going on for eight years, but now it's very different. it's absolutely on the scale of war and invasion and there are no more safe places in the country. towns, cities in western and central ukraine, they were attacked today from the air. it was very unexpected. 0ur worst case scenarios for the invasion, they invaded from the north, south and east, they were expectations for the whole country. the second point is, as a human being, its very scary to be woken up at 5am in the morning by loud explosions, and when i heard the first explosions in my area in

kyiv, i realised very fast that it's very different from, for example, what happens in the donbas. it appeared to be increasing strikes against the airport nearby kyiv, or the anti—air defence system response. it's really very scary. i've heard from many people around that this is something that can't be forgotten for the rest of your life by no means. this is also very scary to realise. ok, to realise. 0k, good luck to you and your colleagues that you are sheltering with. a member of the bbc ukrainian

service. more than 100 pro ukraine supporters gathered outside downing street to protest against russia's invasion, so how did the thousands of ukrainians living in the uk feel about these events? lucy manning has been to meet some of those watching anxiously from afar. they are more than 1500 miles away but the invasion feels so close. dennis is a child psychiatrist. tatiana is a volunteer. both have parents in ukraine. this tatiana is a volunteer. both have parents in ukraine.— tatiana is a volunteer. both have parents in ukraine. this morning i wanted to convince _ parents in ukraine. this morning i wanted to convince my _ parents in ukraine. this morning i wanted to convince my mum i parents in ukraine. this morning i wanted to convince my mum to i parents in ukraine. this morning i i wanted to convince my mum to leave and go to poland, but despite the fact that she is not terribly healthy at the moment, she refuses to go. healthy at the moment, she refuses to to. ~ ., healthy at the moment, she refuses to .o_ . ., ., healthy at the moment, she refuses too. ~ ., ., ., ., to go. what more do you want the british government _ to go. what more do you want the british government to _ to go. what more do you want the british government to do? - to go. what more do you want the british government to do? this i to go. what more do you want the british government to do? this is| british government to do? this is not 1938, this — british government to do? this is not 1938, this is _ british government to do? this is not 1938, this is 1939, _ british government to do? this is not 1938, this is 1939, and - british government to do? this is not 1938, this is 1939, and the i not 1938, this is 1939, and the entirety of global peace is at

peril. entirety of global peace is at eril. , , , entirety of global peace is at .eril. , , , ., , entirety of global peace is at eril. , , , ., , ., entirety of global peace is at eril. , , , ., entirety of global peace is at eril., , , peril. dennis is able to contact his father. peril. dennis is able to contact his father- he — peril. dennis is able to contact his father- he is— peril. dennis is able to contact his father. he is clear _ peril. dennis is able to contact his father. he is clear what _ peril. dennis is able to contact his father. he is clear what he i peril. dennis is able to contact his father. he is clear what he wantsl father. he is clear what he wants from the uk, more weapons. haifa father. he is clear what he wants from the uk, more weapons. how can the hel from the uk, more weapons. how can they help you? _ from the uk, more weapons. how can they help you? just... _ from the uk, more weapons. how can they help you? just... weapons. i from the uk, more weapons. how can they help you? just... weapons. are i they help you? just... weapons. are ou afraid they help you? just... weapons. are you afraid in — they help you? just... weapons. are you afraid in live _ they help you? just... weapons. are you afraid in live eve? _ they help you? just... weapons. are you afraid in live eve? no, - you afraid in live eve? no, not afraid. tatiana _ you afraid in live eve? no, not afraid. tatiana manages i you afraid in live eve? no, not afraid. tatiana manages to - you afraid in live eve? no, not - afraid. tatiana manages to contact her partner- _ afraid. tatiana manages to contact her partner. they _ afraid. tatiana manages to contact her partner. they have _ afraid. tatiana manages to contact her partner. they have just - afraid. tatiana manages to contact i her partner. they have just managed to get a buzz out of ukraine to get across the border to poland. —— a bus. we said we are going to london, irina tells us. there was only room on the bus for one of us but i beg to allow us both to go. tatiana is overwhelmed with anxiety about her own parents. they had been visiting

london and returned homejust yesterday. i london and returned home 'ust yesterdavfi london and returned home 'ust esterda. ., yesterday. i can't contact them for tri it was yesterday. i can't contact them for trip it was terrible _ yesterday. i can't contact them for trip it was terrible because - yesterday. i can't contact them for trip it was terrible because i - yesterday. i can't contact them for trip it was terrible because i was l trip it was terrible because i was worried and sad.— trip it was terrible because i was worried and sad. minutes later she received distressing _ worried and sad. minutes later she received distressing news. - worried and sad. minutes later she received distressing news. her- received distressing news. her friend had been killed on the first day of fighting. my friend had been killed on the first day of fighting-— friend had been killed on the first day of fighting. my friend has died. i am so sorry- _ day of fighting. my friend has died. i am so sorry. and _ day of fighting. my friend has died. i am so sorry. and i _ day of fighting. my friend has died. i am so sorry. and i am _ day of fighting. my friend has died. i am so sorry. and i am scared, - i am so sorry. and i am scared, because it _ i am so sorry. and i am scared, because it is — i am so sorry. and i am scared, because it is near _ i am so sorry. and i am scared, because it is near my _ i am so sorry. and i am scared, because it is near my parents' l i am so sorry. and i am scared, - because it is near my parents' home. yesterday they were with her, today they are trapped in a war. european football's governing body is expected to strip st petersburg of the champions league final, which it had been due to host in may. uefa has called an emergency meeting for tomorrow morning. in a statement, it strongly condemned the attack by russia. uefa is also under pressure

to address its major sponsorship deal with the russian energy giant as prom. we were telling you that the us president, joe biden, was going to be addressing the nation. he has been speaking about russia's invasion and he says it is a flagrant violation of international law and he is authorising new sanctions which he says will have a long—term impact on russia. the long-term impact on russia. the russian military _ long—term impact on russia. iuéi russian military has long—term impact on russia. iue: russian military has begun long—term impact on russia. iul: russian military has begun a long—term impact on russia. iul russian military has begun a brutal assault on the people of ukraine without provocation, without justification, without assessing. this is a premeditated attack. vladimir putin has been planning this for months, as we have said all along. more than 175,000 troops along. more than 175,000 troops along the ukrainian border. the resident along the ukrainian border. the president speaking injust the last president speaking in just the last few minutes. many ukrainians woke up to the sound of air raids sirens this morning, and the news that

their country was being invaded. we spent the day speaking to some of those living here, and they have been telling us about the explosions they heard and what they've seen. ukrainian troops burn piles and piles of documents. what they contain we don't know. but so great is the fear they could fall into russian hands, they must be destroyed. the enemy is literally at the gates. not far up the road, ukrainian armour, in a capital city braced for the worst. and, in the traffic jam, braced for the worst. and, in the trafficjam, and every vehicle on this highway sit families who, for have prayed for peace. this is the main road out of the capital. but why is poland, it's lviv in the west, and the city here for step a

whole line of traffic as far as the eye can see trying to get out. the nearby petrol station is doing brisk business. in an atmosphere of dread. but, while some fear for their lives, others will wait for the moment. lives, others will wait for the moment-— lives, others will wait for the moment. ~ ., :, , ., moment. we want to stay in our apartment — moment. we want to stay in our apartment with _ moment. we want to stay in our apartment with our _ moment. we want to stay in our apartment with our family. - moment. we want to stay in our apartment with our family. we l moment. we want to stay in our- apartment with our family. we don't want to leave and we are staying in kyiv. want to leave and we are staying in k iv. : , :, :, want to leave and we are staying in kiv. :, kyiv. are you worried about what's auoin on? kyiv. are you worried about what's going on? of— kyiv. are you worried about what's going on? of course, _ kyiv. are you worried about what's going on? of course, because - kyiv. are you worried about what's going on? of course, because i. kyiv. are you worried about what's i going on? of course, because i woke u . going on? of course, because i woke u- at 5am going on? of course, because i woke up at 5am and _ going on? of course, because i woke up at 5am and until _ going on? of course, because i woke up at 5am and until now— going on? of course, because i woke up at 5am and until now i _ going on? of course, because i woke up at 5am and until now i don't - up at 5am and until now i don't believe about it, the situation, but we will wait. believe about it, the situation, but we will wait-— we will wait. also biding their time, in we will wait. also biding their time. in an — we will wait. also biding their time, in an apartment - we will wait. also biding their time, in an apartment in - we will wait. also biding their time, in an apartment in the | we will wait. also biding their- time, in an apartment in the heart of the capital, a group of young civil rights activists with dreams for their country. the cure, aged 21, convinced ukraine can prevail over mighty russia. —— like yuri.

ukrainians and ukrainian army will win. i believe. you ukrainians and ukrainian army will win. i believe.— win. i believe. you will survive. yeah. win. i believe. you will survive. yeah- a — win. i believe. you will survive. yeah. a hopeful _ win. i believe. you will survive. yeah. a hopeful assessment i win. i believe. you will survive. | yeah. a hopeful assessment but win. i believe. you will survive. - yeah. a hopeful assessment but his friend is not — yeah. a hopeful assessment but his friend is not so _ yeah. a hopeful assessment but his friend is not so confident. _ yeah. a hopeful assessment but his friend is not so confident. are - yeah. a hopeful assessment but his friend is not so confident. are you l friend is not so confident. are you worried about your life, about what could happen? {iii worried about your life, about what could happen?— could happen? of course, it's scary because it's — could happen? of course, it's scary because it's a _ could happen? of course, it's scary because it's a war. _ could happen? of course, it's scary because it's a war. a _ could happen? of course, it's scary because it's a war. a war _ could happen? of course, it's scary because it's a war. a war to - could happen? of course, it's scary because it's a war. a war to close, | because it's a war. a war to close, as the country _ because it's a war. a war to close, as the country defenders - because it's a war. a war to close, as the country defenders passed l because it's a war. a war to close, l as the country defenders passed by, the hopes of this land, its future on their shoulders. the thoughts of some of the people we spoke to today. let's get some final reflections from lyse doucet, who is here with me. my mind goes back to the last few days and weeks of shuttle diplomacy, diplomats flying all over this region to try

and bring a peaceful conclusion to all of this, and the feeling is that was all a sham, a complete waste of time. vladimir putin had pretty much decided what he was going to do, and now europe is engulfed in this conflagration.— now europe is engulfed in this conflagration. clive, ithink what we have seen — conflagration. clive, ithink what we have seen and _ conflagration. clive, ithink what we have seen and heard - conflagration. clive, i think what l we have seen and heard intimate's programme is so stark, shocking, even scary. to see those images of ukrainian warplanes struggling against russian jets, the ukrainian warplanes struggling against russianjets, the reports that russian forces have taken over the chernobyl power station, they have taken a major airfield just north of kyiv, it's only an hour and a half from where we are now, and ukrainians have begun to think the unthinkable. western leaders who predicted that president putin would have kyiv in his sights could be true. and yes, ukrainian forces will fight with all of the weapons and

ammunition that have been arriving here every day for weeks, yes, they will fight with the training provided by western armies, but i am thinking tonight about what president zelenskiy has said time and again, when it came to this, and we are in this now, it is only ukraine which will be fighting, and if it does come to kyiv, a city of nearly 3 million people, overwhelmingly pro—european, pro—nato, what will this war be? it will be a war between the president and the people. the president of russia and the people of ukraine. lyse doucet, our chief international correspondence, thank you. time for a look at the weather. here's stav. we have had a mixture of everything today. we have had rain, hail, sleet, snow, thunder and lightning, sunshine and strong winds, all

courtesy of low pressure to the north of the uk. lots of isobars and a much colder air mass and significantly colder across the country. these weather fronts have enhanced the snow showers for the we start with that early rain in the south—east, wintry showers in england and wales, good sunshine, but for scotland and northern ireland we have seen frequent snow showers, significant snow over the scottish mountains. you will notice the showers will begin to ease away as a ridge of high pressure starts to build, but still one or two dotted around. under clear skies, quite a chilly night with temperatures of one to six. still quite a wind to stop a significant frost. friday, a ridge of high pressure. a chilly start and a sunny day across the board. it will feel quite springlike in the afternoon. the strong winds clearing away and this ridge of high pressure moving in, so the winds will be turning

lighter, the showers killed off, and plenty of sunshine. a bit of fair weather cloud the afternoon, this weather cloud the afternoon, this weather front ringing a bit more cloud and patchy rain for western scotland. it will be a bit warmer tomorrow with more sunshine and highs of ten or 11 in the south. a good picture this weekend for particularly england and wales. this weather front will scrape into the north—west, particularly on sunday, but a little dry weather on saturday, particularly for england and wales. a bit more cloud perhaps some reason the north and west. that's all from this extended bbc news at six, so it's goodbye from me. it isa it is a dark day for this nation. the day began with the sound of air raid sirens, after vladimir putin gave an address and started his all—out assault on ukraine. cells were fired, fighting in many parts

of the country as troops arrived by air, sea and land. explosions could be heard in several cities and the road out of the capital, kyiv, has been jammed with cars, as thousands of people have tried to flee or take refuge in bomb shelters across the city. a night of more turmoil lies ahead. 0n bbc one, we can nowjoin the bbc�*s news teams where you are. prevent this assault on ukraine from russia, what do they do now?

you always stressed the difference between _ you always stressed the difference between wall street and main street, but everybody seems to be in for some _ but everybody seems to be in for some economic pain. how economically painful— some economic pain. how economically painful will— some economic pain. how economically painful will it _ some economic pain. how economically painful will it get four people in this country?— painful will it get four people in this country? first of all there is no doubt that _ this country? first of all there is no doubt that when _ this country? first of all there is no doubt that when a _ this country? first of all there is no doubt that when a major - this country? first of all there is i no doubt that when a major nuclear power attacks and invades another country, the world is going to respond. and markets can respond all over the world, so there's no about that. numbertwo, over the world, so there's no about that. number two, the notion that this will at last for a long time is highly unlikely as long as we continue to stay resolved to imposing sanctions we will impose on russia. what is your next question?