welcome to bbc news. i'm nuala mcgovern. our top stories: the eu says it is imposing severe sanctions on russia, targeting its financial, energy and transport sectors. as russia's invasion into that second day, 137 citizens have been killed. leaving their lives behind, the un says around 100,000 ukrainians have led the country. they urge their neighbours to keep their borders open. russians take to the streets of more than 50 cities to protest the government's move. almost 2000 arrests.

the eyes of the world are on ukraine where russian military forces have been carrying out an offensive by land, sea and air. there have been casualties on both sides. ukraine says 137 lives have been lost. many thousands are seeking shelter. president putin announced a special military operation was under way in the eastern donbas region. its purpose he said was a demilitarisation of ukraine. as he spoke, missile strikes were reported across ukraine, including in the capital, care. russia is that it destroyed more than 70 literary targets that included 11 airfields, and damage was reported from all across ukraine, including in the far west. hundreds of kilometres from the russian border. soon after came the land invasion with russian tanks and troops advancing. they reached the border in

three main directions, from the east, south and north, including from belarus, russia's long—time ally. leaders have concluded an emergency summit with an agreement to punish moscow with its invasion of ukraine. targeting its financial, energy and transport sectors. fiur targeting its financial, energy and transport sectors. our ex- band will— and transport sectors. our ex- band will hit — and transport sectors. our ex- band will hit the _ and transport sectors. our ex- band will hit the oil— and transport sectors. our ex- band will hit the oil by - and transport sectors. our ex- band will hit the oil by making | band will hit the oil by making it impossible for russia to upgrade its oil refineries, which give actually russia export revenues of 2a billion euros in 2019. the third topic is the van, that we ban the sale of all aircraft spare parts and equipment to russian airlines. this will degrade the key sector of russia's economy and the country's connectivity. three quarters of russia's current commercial air flows were built in the european union, the us and canada, and therefore, they are massively

depending on that. the fourth point is we are limiting russia's access to crucial technology. we will hit russia's access to important technologies. it needs to build a prosperous future such as semiconductors of cutting—edge technologies. finally, on visas, diplomats and related groups and business people will no longer have privileged access to the european union. as always, these measures are closely co—ordinated with our partners and allies. these are of course the us, uk, canada and norway, but now alsojoined by south korea, japan and australia. our unity is our strength. the kremlin knows this, and it has tried its best to divide us. but it has utterly failed. it has achieved exactly the opposite. we are

more than ever are united and we are determined. to conclude, let me stress that these events indeed mark the beginning of a new era. we must be very clear now on our analysis, burton is trying to subjugate a friendly european country, putin. he is trying to redraw the maps of europe by force. he must and he will fail. at the same news conference, the french president emmanuel macron said president putin had been duplicitous. translation: �* , translation: after 'ust few hours before * translation: after 'ust few hours before the _ translation: afterjust few hours before the launch - translation: afterjust few hours before the launch of i hours before the launch of these military operations and these military operations and the recognition of two illegitimate republics and the military attack, we were still having talks with president putin about the details of the minsk agreements. that means that they were certainly

duplicitous. a deliberate choice was taken consciously by president putin to launch a war when it was still possible to negotiate peace. 0k, these are pictures that i want to bring you from kyiv, as you can see, it is 5:30am there. we are getting reports of blasts in the capital from a number of sources, the cnn team in the city reported hearing two large glass, a third loud explosion in the distance. although thing the interfax ukraine newsagency reporting two explosions, similar sound to what we heard a day earlier. as we follow that, we are seeing a lot also on social media, people who are in the city also reporting on those blasts. no comment yet from ukraine's military, but as i get that, of course i will

bring it to you. so, as we are talking about his military conflict, the like of which has not been seen in europe for 80 years, across ukraine there is tension, uncertainty and fear. 0ur uncertainty and fear. our international correspondent 0rla guerin reports. one of the opening salvos in russia's war on ukraine. a missile strike on an airport in the west of the country. air raid siren wails in kyiv today, a frightening new dawn for europe and ukraine. this city of 3 million awoke to sirens and an invasion. soon, a panicked exodus from the ukrainian capital as the eu spoke of one of the darkest hours since world war ii. shouting in ukrainian and darkened skies as russian attack

helicopters targeted a military airport outside kyiv. ukraine says several were shot down. the invasion was by air, sea and land. president putin, who insisted it would never come, warning that no—one should try to stop him. translation: whoever tries to interfere with us or threaten our country should know that russia's response will be immediate and lead to such consequences that have never been experienced in history. hours after he spoke, this was the picture in cities across the country. air raid siren wails distant explosions images from ukraine's northern and southern borders showed moscow's forces streaming in. ukraine's beleaguered president, volodymyr zelenskyy, addressed the nation, dressed for battle.

translation: what do we hear today? - it's not just rocket explosions, combat and the roar of aircraft. this is the sound of a new iron curtain, lowering and closing russia away from the civilised world. our national task is to make this curtain not on our territory, but in the homes of russians. ukrainians were not safe in their own homes today. here, the aftermath of a strike on a block of flats in kharkiv, ukraine's second city. missile fragments now on display in the playground. from early morning in eastern ukraine, we found queues at atms. now there is war, people want cash in their pockets, and fear it may run short. like many here, natalya is trying to comprehend

what has befallen ukraine, trying to work out how to protect her two—year—old, karina. translation: we're shocked, we're totally shocked. - we are afraid for our children. for ourfamilies. are you thinking about trying to move? translation: where can i go? we don't know where to go. who will have us? nobody, nowhere is waiting for us. i don't know, i just don't know. more queues at the petrol stations. many want to be ready for whatever may come, like andrei, who felt the explosions overnight. translation: i heard it clearly. _ the earth was really shaking. so we got up and now we are waiting for fuel.

we will buy some so we can be mobile, in case all communications are cut. we have to prepare. what else can we do? gunfire in the battle for ukraine, russia is controlling the skies. here, ukrainian forces respond with small arms fire. they are outgunned, and have been suffering losses. we don't know how many. distant explosions the attack is a projection of russian strength and western weakness. frenzied international diplomacy and the threat of sanctions failed to stop it. this nation is now under sustained assault.

a day has changed everything for ukraine and for security in europe. 0rla guerin, bbc news, eastern ukraine. thank you very much. i want to update you on explosions that were hired — not heard and this morning, just gone 5am there. i am also saying, i want to bring up am also saying, i want to bring up the bbc�*s live page you can follow, all developments there as well, an official with the ukrainian interior ministry, says an aircraft has been shot down of care, they say the jet crashed near a house. this is an unconfirmed comp claim, but there are reports that have been explosions as i mentioned. there are some photos on social media of fire and smoke billowing in the morning sky,

so i will keep across that and bring you more details as they come in to us from the ukrainian capital, kia. we are bringing you some pictures on the ground for the ukrainian people. the kremlin in sisters military operation in sisters military operation in ukraine will last as long as is necessary. president putin was warning any outside interference would lead to an immediate response never previously experienced in history. have been protests in dozens of cities. stephen rosenberg reports. there are moments that change the course of history. would this be one? russia invaded ukraine. its president threatened the west... translation: if anyone tries to stand in our way or even threaten our country, our people, they should know russia will respond immediately, and this will lead to such consequences the likes of which you have never experienced in your history. russian state tv

went into overdrive, backing the assault, claiming ukrainian soldiers were surrendering en masse. a different mood here at one of russia's last—surviving independent papers. to show solidarity with ukraine, tomorrow's edition will be in russian and ukrainian. the paper's editor, dmitry muratov, won last year's nobel peace prize. he believes that president putin has done irreparable damage to his country. translation: unfortunately, i have to say very bitter words. i think that today, february 2a, russia's future was taken away from it. 0ur peace—loving russian people will now feel the hatred of the world, because we are starting a third world war in the centre of europe.

vladimir putin comes across now as a leader with an almost messianic idea — to force ukraine back into moscow's orbit, even if that means war. what the public might think about that doesn't come into it. he seems determined to achieve his goal. the actions of a government can demonise a whole nation, but keep in mind — amongst the public here, there is little support for war with ukraine. i'm sorry, so shocked. ijust can't help crying. i think that most of russia don't support this, it's horrible. and why don't they support it? because it's not our war, it's war by putin, biden or anyone else, but not our nation. "i think the ukrainian soldiers will surrender," she says, "and they should. "it's terrible to be at war with ukraine."

in moscow tonight, hundreds took to the streets. "no to war," they chanted, determined to make their voices heard. but they were silenced. you can arrest people, but you can't force people to support the invasion of a neighbouring country. this is not a conflict the russian public wants. this is the kremlin�*s war. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. stay with us on bbc news. still to come, we are going to take a look at the mood in ukraine's capital, from our correspondent who is in care. —— in kyiv. first, the plates slipped gently off the restaurant tables. then suddenly, the tables, the chairs and people crashed

sideways and downwards. it was just a matter of seconds as the ferry lurched onto her side. the hydrogen bomb on a remote pacific atoll. the americans had successfully tested a weapon whose explosive force dwarfed that of the bomb dropped on hiroshima. i had heard the news earlier and so, my heart went - bang, bang, bang! the constitutional rights of these marches are their rights of the citizens of the united states, and they should be protected, even in the right to test them out, so that they don't get their heads broken and are sent to hospital. this religious controversy — i don't know you want to say too much about it — but does it worry you that it's going to boil up when you get the states? well, it bothers me, yes, i but i hope everything will be all right in the end of the day. -

this is bbc news. the main story: a short time ago, the eu says it is imposing severe sanctions on russia, targeting its financial energy and transport sectors. us president joe biden has also announced new sanctions later on thursday on technology exports and also individuals, which he said will impose a severe cost on the russian economy. putin is the aggressor. putin chose this war. and now he and his country will bear the consequences. today i'm authorising additional strong sanctions and new limitations on what can be exported to russia. this is going to impose severe costs on the russian economy, both immediately and over time. we are purposely designing the sanctions to maximise the long—term impact on russia, and minimise the impact on the united states and our allies.

david willis is in washington for us. we had a bit about from us presidentjoe biden on what he is introducing. talk us through a bit more at length on what people can expect?- what people can expect? well, toda the what people can expect? well, today the president _ what people can expect? well, today the president announced j today the president announced sanctions against banks and russian oligarchs, five banks, ten members of president putin's inner circle, not vladimir putin himself. those measures, aim does president biden put it, and cutting russia off, effectively, from the international or certainly the international or certainly the western financial system. but the threat of course, these sort of sanctions has been in place for some time, and has not deterred vladimir putin from invading ukraine. indeed, administration officials acknowledge it could take some time for some of these sanctions to actually have an effect. there is a lot of

vladimir putin can do in the meantime. so we have seen resistance from some republican lawmakers, lindsey graham, south carolina senator, has said that he would like to see sanctions targeting vladimir putin's personal fortune, sanctions targeting vladimir putin's personalfortune, while putin's personal fortune, while the putin's personalfortune, while the senate minority leader, mitch mcconnell, has criticised the biden administration, saying it should have imposed sanctions earlier as a means of deterring vladimir putin from taking the course that he has embarked upon. considerable concern over what might come next. this evening, the us secretary of state anthony lincoln said that he was "convinced president putin was going to try to overthrow the ukrainian government". thank ou so ukrainian government". thank you so much. _ ukrainian government". thank you so much, david. _ ukrainian government". thank you so much, david. a- ukrainian government". thank you so much, david. a very i you so much, david. a very worrying indeed, those words, coming in from the us secretary of state. i want to bring in

george ilopes, an expert on international sanctions at the university of notre—dame. good to have you with us, thank you so much forjoining us. what about that question that my colleague david was raising, and i think other people were, when president biden was speaking earlier. why not impose sanctions directly on mr putin himself? why don't they? i think that is because it is one of the last arrow left in the quiver, and has more political pain in doing that than real economic pain at the start. if i had to trade anything that was put in place between monday and today, i wouldn't trade any one of those sanctions, for putting sanctions, for putting sanctions personally on vladimir putin. there are ways in which the political act of sanctions will have deep personal consequences. i think we have seen that more so in notjust be sanctions on the oligarchs, but you will notice the ones on tuesday, out of the us, these are on family members of the oligarchs, and that has a particular bite. but the real

financial and a sector based bite that we see are in some of the very strong measures that have been passed notjust by the us but by the uk, certainly, and the eu, as well. what i was interested in as well, the swift banking system, a lot of our viewers will be familiar with swift, it is when you are transferring money between countries, etc. they don't seem to be going down that path yet, but lots of people feel could be effective to bring in, and perhaps have immediate repercussions. why not? i immediate repercussions. why not? ~ , immediate repercussions. why not? ~' , , ., not? i think there is some final checking _ not? i think there is some final checking being - not? i think there is some final checking being done| not? i think there is some i final checking being done on whether or not there is cryptocurrency issues involved in trying to undercut these at the start. i think there is a bit of a caution as to what the relationship will be of china's reaction to these overall, and then looking and seeing if there is little reaction then, we think there will be less reaction to the swift sanctions. but again, i think

the dynamic of sanctions, laid out transparently, is that they were, a couple of weeks ago, to be a deterrent. that didn't work. now we are laying on some unprecedented banking and financial sanctions and the products sanctions and there is a bit more to move on. once there is a certainty of how the markets will settle with some of the rest of these in place, especially the oil markets, we will be in a situation to then go to swift and putin's own personal assets, go to swift and putin's own personalassets, if go to swift and putin's own personal assets, if we need to. but these all seem to me that they would not have an immediate effect. i am bringing our viewers the stories of explosions taking place in kyiv right now. and i am just wondering, i mean, will this really have an immediate effect? it all feels like even president putin, at the press conference, says "let's talk in a month". a month is a very long time for the people of ukraine under this particular situation. h0 ukraine under this particular situation-—

situation. no doubt. ithink our best— situation. no doubt. ithink our best shot _ situation. no doubt. i think our best shot was - situation. no doubt. i think our best shot was for - situation. no doubt. i think our best shot was for the i our best shot was for the sanctions to be viewed as potentially so devastating it might drive them back to the bargaining table. the truth is that this guy seems to have made up his mind months ago, and there is nothing of a deterrent of the sort that we might have offered. the question is whether or not given the violations of international law, the violations against international humanitarian law that can be carried out against the iranians, can we increase not only the level of punishment but the level of accountability? of the russian elites, the russian government structure and the kremlin�*s kleptocracy, which has lived off not only illegal money dealings but also the state economy which can be vulnerable to sanctions. it is true that these will not take effect at one level in a month or two, in terms of penetration to the gdp, etc. but the rouble at its lowest value in nine years today. the stock market in

russia collapsed by 20% over the last couple of days. there is a way in which the banking sanctions have really locked up about $1 trillion in money movement that happens out of russia per day. that is not without its bite in the first weeks. and i think the question will be, how a lot of factors, combined with the sanctions tool, to lower the prospect that putin will continue this not only through other countries but not feel the pressure. we only saw a couple hundred demonstrators in russian streets today, treated very harshly. wilbur turned into thousands? will be oligarchs around him feel such a pension they bite on their own industries, maybe even their own property in london, confiscated by the government, or put under freeze by the government has property sanctions, will be squeeze happen in many other ways that now, there is a greater openness to diplomacy, there is a greater prospect that they will be no further expansion,

and there will be a way in which a russian elites may decide to soften their position of supporting putin. it is interesting, _ of supporting putin. it is interesting, i— of supporting putin. it is interesting, i do - of supporting putin. it is interesting, i do believe there were 2000 arrests, so i think that there were dozens of cities where protesters were going out, so i was listening to our programme, hardtalk, which also goes out, and there was the chief of staff, alexei navalny, one of the leaders of the opposition in russia. he talked about vladimir putin this time biting off more than he could chew. very briefly, do you think that is true? he certainly _ you think that is true? he certainly bit _ you think that is true? he certainly bit off— you think that is true? he: certainly bit off more than he could chew with regards to his vision of saving the economy by bringing in billions of dollars of currency back into the country in december, and thinking that would be a rainy day fund. that will be depleted in 6— seven weeks. so how he will keep an economy running, what will happen if the oil market changes through either deals made by the us or the general response of the saudi arabians and some others, we will see. he is benefiting

right now from the ability to sell oil, we have refrained from a direct attack on that, but the banking sanctions restrict the easy sale of it in a number of markets. professor, i will have _ a number of markets. professor, i will have to _ a number of markets. professor, i will have to leave _ a number of markets. professor, i will have to leave it _ a number of markets. professor, i will have to leave it there. - i will have to leave it there. forgive me from interrupting you, so interesting to have you want. thank you so much. that was professor george a lopez ending this half—hour of bbc news. thank you so much for watching. stay with us, if you can. hello there. we're ending the working week on a largely fine and settled note, thanks to a ridge of high pressure. the winds and showers continue to ease down during the overnight period. it's a chilly start to friday morning but there will be a lot of sunshine around and it'll feel a little bit warmer than it did yesterday, too. now, here's the ridge of high pressure pushing in from the west. you can see fewer isobars, so lighter winds. this weather front, though, may bring more cloud northern ireland, western scotland later on. could start with a few blustery showers through the morning. these will fade away, the winds will turn lighter, plenty of sunshine bar

a little fair weather cloud into the afternoon. more cloud for northern ireland and western scotland, thanks to that weather front i showed you, and outbreaks of rain for western scotland. could see a little bit of wintriness over the higher ground as well. but the temperatures a bit higher than yesterday's — 7—11, maybe 12 degrees across the far south—west. as we head through friday night, it stays cloudy for scotland and northern ireland — quite breezy here, too. for england and wales, we'll have clear skies. lighter winds here, so another chilly night to come. maybe a touch of frost out of town. less cold further north and west, where we have more cloud and more breeze. into the weekend, then, this area of high pressure over the near continent will influence the weather across england and wales. but you'll see the further north—west you go, closer to this weather front, it's likely to be cloudier and also breezier, so more cloud for scotland and northern ireland through the day, could see some outbreaks of rain for the north—west of scotland. it should be drier further south and east but for england and wales, another largely fine, dry and settled day. and after that chilly start, with all the sunshine around, it'll be quite mild with top temperatures of 10—12 degrees,

so feeling quite springlike. similar story for england and wales on sunday, though this weather front may have a bit more influence. this area of low pressure will have more of an influence across the country — during monday, it'll bring us outbreaks of rain. so, sunday starts off dry and bright, plenty of sunshine across england and wales. that weather front, though, fading as it moves its way eastwards to bring a bit more cloud around. but again, scotland and northern ireland probably seeing most of the cloud through the day and temperatures again similar to saturday's — 8—11 degrees. on monday, that area of low pressure i showed you brings wetter conditions for a time on monday but then, high pressure builds back in and the rest of the week looks largely fine and settled with some spells of sunshine.

this is bbc news. our top stories. explosions are heard across the ukrainian capital with unconfirmed reports are russian aircraft has been shot down. russia's invasion enters a second day. the president says 137 citizens have been killed in violent so far. the eu is the latest in the west to take sanctions on russia, targeting its financial, energy and transport sectors. is a watershed moment. bruton is trying to _ is a watershed moment. bruton is trying to subjugate _ is a watershed moment. bruton is trying to subjugate a - is trying to subjugate a friendly european country, and he is trying to redraw the maps of europe by force. he must, and he will fail. and leaving their lives behind, the un says around 100,000 ukrainians have fled the country and urges its neighbours to keep orders open. and russians take to the

streets of more than 50 cities to protest