this is bbc news. our top stories: explosions are heard across the ukrainian capital, kyiv, with unconfirmed reports a russian aircraft has been shot down. this has been shot down. comes as russia's invasion enters this comes as russia's invasion enters a second day. ukraine's president says 137 citizens have been killed in violent so far. the eu is the latest in the west to take sanctions on russia, targeting its financial, energy and transport sectors. it's commission president says it is a watershed moment. putin is trying to subjugate a friendly european country, and he is trying to redraw the maps of europe by force. he must, and he will fail.

leaving their lives behind: the un says around 100,000 ukrainians have fled the country and urges its neighbours to keep orders open. chanting russians take to the streets of more than 50 cities to protest their government's move. a police crackdown sees almost 2,000 arrests. i want to bring you margarita from bbc monitoring in kyiv who has been following the crisis in ukraine. i spoke to her a short while ago and she gave me this update. i also work up to the sound of explosions, then found

venues, the official reports already, but ukrainian forces downed an enemyjet and ended up crashing into a residential house on the left bank of kyiv. there is a fire right now over there, casualties are feared, according to the mayor of kyiv, three people are injured and one person is gravely injured, and we are hearing more and more reports of further casualties that are feared. also, according to the interior ministry, kyiv is under fire by ballistic or cruise missiles, and people are advised to hide in bomb shelters — i am next to one right now, and there are people coming in. yeah... it is quite something, margarita, yes, the kyiv now, vitali klitschko, the heavyweight champion, a lot of our global viewers might know him from his previous role, i know he has talked about taking up arms in recent days and weeks, but i

saw that russian aircraft reportedly crashing into a kyiv apartment block, just to let our listeners know, but i can't imagine what that's like for the residents. you know, you are by a bomb shelter there, waking up early, probably, with kids and whatnot, and trying to get their families organised? yes, well, some people slept in the bomb shelter, and i see children there, but other people are still inside this block of flats where i live, our bomb shelter is just the basement, we use it as the bomb shelter. yeah, i am seeing people leave, people go into their car and leave the city, but also, some people staying and going downstairs. it is pretty calm out here because we have curfews, so you don't really see a lot of people in the streets. curfew is from 10pm to 7am, so there is this kind of sense of calm, but of course it is very deceptive because people are very scared and hiding orfleeing. and i imagine there must be an awful

lot of communication, though, whether it is on whatsapp or calling each other during the night, and what are the conversations? is it about whether to leave? it is, yes, although we also have this mandatory mobilisation, so men aged 18 to 60 are now not allowed to leave the country. they will be conscripted. and, yeah, iam getting a lot of messages of support from friends in the west as well, for which i am grateful, and my friends that were here are also very grateful. but i think right now, the main conversations centre around what we can do in the moment, solve problems step by step, where do we go, where do we hide? so right now, i think it is about hiding and ensuring our own safety. thank you so much, and a curfew that ended about 25 minutes time. ukraine's president zelensky has ordered general military

mobilisation as fighting against invading russian forces continues on many fronts. ina in a video message released a short while ago, he revealed more detail of the impact of the first day of fighting. i bring in my colleague, louisa. thank you so much forjoining us. what was said. he thank you so much for “oining us. what was said._ thank you so much for “oining us. what was said. he made a televised _ us. what was said. he made a televised address _ us. what was said. he made a televised address and - us. what was said. he made a televised address and it - us. what was said. he made a televised address and it was i televised address and it was quite remarkable because he spoke about the danger to his life, he made it very start that he is in danger and his family are in danger. he said that he has intelligence to say that he has intelligence to say that russia have him as their number one target, i have his family as the number two target. he also made clear, as he would, to say that his family are not in the ukrainian capital, and that they are in a secret location. but he did say he is there and he will remain there. let's listen into what he said. translation: i remain in the capital. _ my family is also in ukraine. my children are in ukraine.

my family are not traitors. they are citizens of ukraine. where exactly they are i have no right to say. according to the information we have, the enemy has marked me as target number one. my family as target number two. they want to damage ukraine politically by destroying the head of state. well, mr zelensky has also talked about a military loss of life. tell us what he said. to this point. — life. tell us what he said. trr this point, we haven't had any official figures about military loss of life. it has been such a fast moving big. however, from the ukrainian side then, the president has said that 137 military personnel or security staff have died although we have also had a picture emerging of some of the battles

that they have been involved in. so we can hearfrom him now, he explains. translation: sadly, today, we lost 137 heroes. - 0ur citizens. ten of them were officers. 360 people have been wounded. defending snake island, all our border guards died a heroic death. but they have not surrendered. they will all be awarded posthumously the title of the hero of ukraine. let those who gave their lives for ukraine be remembered forever. what president zelensky is talking about there, snake island as it is known in english, is an island 30 miles off the coast of ukraine, and there was a battle there, it

shows the david and goliath situation whereby apparently according to reports the ukrainian security officers there refused to surrender to a russian warship. there are various other sort of colourful remarks that came out of that, but itjust remarks that came out of that, but it just shows remarks that came out of that, but itjust shows really we are getting the detail, it is making it all that little bit more real now.— making it all that little bit more real now. and it takes a little while — more real now. and it takes a little while to _ more real now. and it takes a little while to get _ more real now. and it takes a little while to get this - little while to get this confirmed as well. i was saying ukraine by the defence ministry, and this is not confirmed, i want to underline that, they were saying russia already lost around 800 men, thatis already lost around 800 men, that is reported by the key independent. 0ur correspondences it is very hard to verify, but had president putin anticipated the casualties on his own side on day one of the invasion of ukraine, was going into day two, louisa, we will get more details and get some reports and confirmations coming in. thank you so much forjoining

us. we will also speak to george lopez, an expert on economic sanctions at the university of notre—dame in the us. i asked university of notre—dame in the us. iasked him university of notre—dame in the us. i asked him why president putin wasn't being targeted personally. it putin wasn't being targeted personally-— personally. it has more political _ personally. it has more political pain _ personally. it has more political pain in - personally. it has more political pain in doing l personally. it has more i political pain in doing that than economic pain at the start. if i had to trade anything that was put in place between monday and today, i wouldn't trade any one of those sanctions for putting sanctions personally on britain. there are ways in which the political act of sanctions can have deep personal consequences —— putin. we have seen it more so in not just the sanctions on the oligarchs, but you will notice in the ones from tuesday out of the united states, these are family members of the oligarchs, and that has a particular height. the real financial product that we see, some of the very strong measures that have been passed only by the united states, but

by the uk certainly, and the eu as well. ~ . . , by the uk certainly, and the eu as well. ~ . ., , , as well. what i was interested in as well. _ as well. what i was interested in as well, professor, - as well. what i was interested in as well, professor, the - in as well, professor, the swift banking system, a lot of our viewers will be familiar with swift, where you transfer money between countries, they are not going down the path that people feel could be effective sanction to bring in and perhaps have a immediate repercussion.— and perhaps have a immediate repercussion. why not? i think there are _ repercussion. why not? i think there are some _ repercussion. why not? i think there are some final _ repercussion. why not? i think there are some final checking. there are some final checking being done on whether or not there is crypto currency issues involved in trying to undercut these at the start. i think there is a little bit of caution as to what the relationship will be of china's reaction to these overall, and then looking and seeing if there is little reaction and think there will be less reaction to the swift sanctions, but again, i think the dynamic of sanctions laid out transparently as they were a couple of weeks ago to be a deterrent, that didn't work.

now we are laying on some very, very unprecedented banking and financial sanctions, and the product sanctions, and there is a little bit more to move on, and i think once there is a certainty of how the markets will settle with of the rest of these in place, particularly these in place, particularly the oil markets, we will be in a situation to then go to swift and putin parliament own personal assets if we need to. but these all seem to me that they wouldn't have an immediate effect —— putin's personal assets. i am just wondering will any of this really have an immediate effect? it feels... even president putin says let's talk in a month. a month is a very long time for the people in ukraine under this particular situation. ihla in ukraine under this articular situation. ., ., , particular situation. no doubt. and i particular situation. no doubt. and i think — particular situation. no doubt. and i think our _ particular situation. no doubt. and i think our best _ particular situation. no doubt. and i think our best shot - particular situation. no doubt. and i think our best shot was l and i think our best shot was for the sanctions to be viewed as potentially so devastating that it might drive them back to the bargaining table. 0ther

truth is this guy seems to have made up his mind months ago, and there is nothing of a deterrent of this or that we might have offered. the question now is whether or not given the violations of international law, unfortunately the violations of against international humanitarian law that will carried out against the ukrainians, can we increase the level of punishment and the level of punishment and the level of punishment and the level of accountability of the russian elites and russian government structure and the kremlin hypocrisy which has lived off much job kremlin hypocrisy which has lived off muchjob not only illegal money dealings, but a statement economy that can be particularly vulnerable to sanctions. i think it is true that these will not take effect at one level in a month or two in terms of penetration to the gdp, etc. but the rouble hit its lowest value in nine years today. the stock market in russia collapsed by 20% over the last couple of days. there is a way in which the banking sanctions have really locked up about $1 trillion in money

movement that happens out of russia per day. that is not without spite in the first weeks, think the question will be, how will other factors combined with the sanctions tool to lower the prospect that putin will continue this not only through other countries, but not feel the pressure, and i think we only saw a couple of hundred demonstrators in russian streets today and treated very harshly, left turn into thousands? will oligarchs around him feel such a pinch and a bite on their own industries, maybe even their own property in london confiscated by the government or are put under freeze confiscated by the government or are put underfreeze by confiscated by the government or are put under freeze by the government's property sanctions, will the squeeze happen in many other ways, now there is a great and openness to diplomacy, a greater prospect there will be no further expansion and there will be a way in which russian elites may decide to soften their position of support on putin. it their position of support on putin. , , ., putin. it is interesting. i do believe actually _ putin. it is interesting. i do believe actually there - putin. it is interesting. i do believe actually there were j believe actually there were

2000 the rest, so they were in dozens of cities or processes going out. i was listening to our programme, hardtalk, which goes out, that evil staff alexei navalny, and he talked about putin this time biting off more than he could chew. very briefly, do you think that is true? he very briefly, do you think that is true? . . , very briefly, do you think that is true? . ., , , very briefly, do you think that istrue? . ., , , is true? he certainly bit off more than _ is true? he certainly bit off more than he _ is true? he certainly bit off more than he could - is true? he certainly bit off more than he could chew l is true? he certainly bit off i more than he could chew with regard to his vision of saving the economy by bringing in billions of dollars of currency back into the country in december and thinking that that would be a rainy day fund. that will be depleted in six to seven weeks, and so how he will keep an economy running, what will happen if the oil market changes through either some deals made by the us or the general response of the saudis and others, we will see. it is benefiting right now from the ability to sell oil, we have refrained from a direct attack on that, but the banking sanctions, the easy sale of

that in a number of markets. thank you very much, professor lopez. russia has long been resisting ukraine's shift towards the european union. president putin's goes back to the loss of the soviet union and the loss of territory and power. john simpson looks at what is motivating the russian leader and what the invasion of ukraine means for the global balance of power. it's hard to avoid the feeling that the world that we've known as the wall came down in 1989 has changed for good. the soviet empire in europe was finished and western notions of freedom have triumphed. after almost two more years, the revolution had reached rusher itself. but after a hapless

coup attempt by the kgb, boris yeltsin emerged as the man who would be king's mantle the old soviet system and introduce much greater democracy. yeldon's eventual successor was an ex—kgb officer, latimer putin. he always insisted he did not want to revive the old soviet union, and he seemed to fit in well with the diplomatic niceties of a world that was now dominated by the united states —— vladimir putin. it all the time he was quietly rebuilding russia's armed forces, which had fallen into decay. putin was on a mission to make russia a superpower again. western leaders, though, just saw him as someone they could do business with. the problem — could do business with. the problem is _ could do business with. the problem is that _ could do business with. tue: problem is that they could do business with. tte: problem is that they approach russia with optimism and thinking that russia can be engaged like a western liberal democracy, not realising just how rapidly russia is retreating back into its own

rules comfort zone of hostility, not only to the other world but to its own population, and with a very specific view of history wariness is grievances that are just unrecognisable to the outside world.— outside world. ukraine especially _ outside world. ukraine especially seemed - outside world. ukraine especially seemed to i outside world. ukraine - especially seemed to abscess him. he hated the way it had gone through independence when the soviet union collapsed. pro—democracy 0range the soviet union collapsed. pro—democracy orange revolution was an affront to him, but 2014 he infiltrated his soldiers into crimea, which belonged to ukraine and, completely contrary to international law, he just took it over. a few months later, at a press conference in moscow, they offered him the opportunity to say he didn't want a new cold war. but he pointedly refused to say that. translation: it to say that. translation: , ., ., translation: it is all about protecting — translation: it is all about protecting our _ translation: it is all about | protecting our independence, our sovereignty, and our right to exist. �* , , . ,

to exist. and yes the west still carried _ to exist. and yes the west still carried on _ to exist. and yes the west still carried on doing - to exist. and yes the west. still carried on doing business with vladimir putin as though he was just like any other leader. it was a classic case of self—deception. putin's big supporter now is china under xi jinping. no condemnation over ukraine from mr sheed. suddenly, the world has changed. we are in new territory now, and it looks distinctly like cold war mark two. john simpson, bbc news. western sanctions against russia have targeted banks, businesses, politicians, and also certain oligarchs. ros atkins now looks at how they could influence vladimir putin. troops are crossing the border from crimea, missiles have struck the capital, kyiv, and airports under attack. this is days after putin recognised the independence of breakaway regions in ukraine, and this weekend in recent years, sanctions are central to

how the west response to putin. here is one example. we are sanctioning three very high net worth individuals, gennadi tim schenker, boris rotenberg, and igor roternberg. borisjohnson calls them putin's cronies. certainly they are very rich. gennady is worth an estimated $22 billion. bill browder, was the largest foreign investor in russia, argues that to target them make sense. everybody who knows russia probably knows putin properly. they'll know what will stop from doing terrible things, that is going after his money and to go after his money to go after the 50 top oligarchs. these oligarchs amassed huge wealth in the 1990s as the soviet union broke apart. state assets were given to new companies, and in exchange forfunding politicians these men got shares in those companies. they also, as the financial times puts it, got unfettered access to the corridors of power. and in some cases their wealth directly connected to putin.

the times reports that while in a role in saint petersburg, putin granted timchenko an export license and the oilman went on to co—founder gunver. by 2007, around 30% of russian oil experts went through that company committed reports. and these personal connections remain. here is timchenko at putin's birthday in 2019. 0r boris rotenberg, a childhood friend of putin and co—owns a vast construction company. the times tells us they attended a judo training and are known to still spa. the third person named by borisjohnson, well, that is boris rotenberg's nephew igor. he controls a drilling company. the telegraph reports he is said to be putin'sjudo partner. the uk says he has strategic significance to putin. and this is what these new sanctions mean in practice. any assets they hold in the uk will be frozen. the individuals concerned will be banned from travelling here, and we will prohibit all uk individuals and entities from having any dealings with them.

these are three examples. 0ther oligarchs are also being targeted, as well as major russian companies like aeroflot, and russian banks too. here is borisjohnson again. these powers will enable us totally to exclude russian banks from the uk financial system, which is of course by far the largest in europe, stopping them from accessing sterling and clearing payments through the uk. bill browder argues that to be effective, sanctions need to be even more comprehensive. we know many oligarchs were totally untouched, who live in london, who hold certain's money, he should be sanctioned. none of them have been touched. london is definitely part of the story. in 2008, the labour government in the uk introduced what became known as a golden visa. this offered residency in return for large investments, and over 2500 wealthy russians took up the chance. their children go to universities in the uk, go to schools in the uk, enjoy the luxuries, if you like, but the

united kingdom and western countries offer. the scheme was scrapped last week. but of course russian money in london remains. there is £1.5 billion worth of property and other assets which is linked to the kremlin regime or to prominent russians who have involvement, known involvement in corruption cases. to this, the opposition labor party says not enough has been done. we have failed to stop the flow of illicit russian financing to britain. a cottage industry does the bidding of those linked to putin. that is labour. borisjohnson has led the conservative since 2019. they have been in powerfor 12 years and the prime minister sees it differently to the opposition. i don't think any government could conceivably be doing more to root out corrupt russian money. but mrjohnson does have more plans, six years after the conservatives first promised it, the prime minister wants to introduce a new register

of ownership. we are making sure that we open up the russian doll of property ownership, of company ownership, in london, and see who is behind everything. this is the targeting of individuals. russia is a country is also being targeted. this week, and previously. back in 2014, russia annexed crimea. it supported separatists in eastern ukraine as well, and sanctions followed. they had an impact, while the global economy has grown on average 2.3% per year, for russia the figure is 0.3%. sanctions have cost russia an estimated $50 billion a year. russia, though, has taken measures to lessen the impact. nonetheless, after this we's invasion, once again the west has taken aim at its wealth. these sanctions are designed to take a heavy toll on the kremlin's interests and their ability to finance war. these distinctions involve

freezing russian assets in the european union and blocking banks from accessing your�*s financial market. the question is, can any of this influence putin's intentions? history suggests this will be difficult. he appears not to be afraid of sanctions or worried about them. sanctions that we have applied in the past have always slipped, over time. we know that people were sanctioned and then they got fake passports and they got around it. the west will be acutely aware that sanctions have not prevented a moment that the european union describes in these terms. these are among the darkest hours for europe since the end of world war ii. a major nuclear power has attacked a neighbour country. and as we listen to that, think back to what president biden said on tuesday. we have no intention of fighting russia. without fighting, though, you are left with sanctions. but putin's authority rests on a corrupt system of wealth and power that was 30 years in the making.

he has nuclear weapons, too. it is not certain that sanctions alone can change his course. thanks to ros atkins. dawn has just broken at the centre of the ukrainian capital, kia 0val. i am saying from my colleague james waterhouse that there are reports of a missile eating a building two kilometres away from the bomb shelter where they are and russian troops are thought to be seven coulomb —— 70 kilometres from the centre of gear they are hearing explosions. stay with us on the bbc. we will keep you up—to—date on the situation. —— of key have stop. hello there. we're ending the working week on a largely fine and settled note, thanks to a ridge of high pressure. the winds and showers continue to ease down during the overnight period. it's a chilly start to friday morning but there will be a lot

of sunshine around and it'll feel a little bit warmer than it did yesterday, too. now, here's the ridge of high pressure pushing in from the west. you can see fewer isobars, so lighter winds. this weather front, though, may bring more cloud northern ireland, western scotland later on. could start with a few blustery showers through the morning. these will fade away, the winds will turn lighter, plenty of sunshine bar a little fair weather cloud into the afternoon. more cloud for northern ireland and western scotland, thanks to that weather front i showed you, and outbreaks of rain for western scotland. could see a little bit of wintriness over the higher ground as well. but the temperatures a bit higher than yesterday's — 7—11, maybe 12 degrees across the far south—west. as we head through friday night, it stays cloudy for scotland and northern ireland — quite breezy here, too. for england and wales, we'll have clear skies. lighter winds here, so another chilly night to come. maybe a touch of frost out of town. less cold further north and west, where we have more cloud and more breeze. into the weekend, then, this area of high pressure over the near continent will influence the weather across england and wales. but you'll see the further north—west you go, closer to this weather front, it's likely to be cloudier and also breezier, so more cloud for scotland and northern ireland through the day, could see some outbreaks of rain for

the north—west of scotland. it should be drier further south and east but for england and wales, another largely fine, dry and settled day. and after that chilly start, with all the sunshine around, it'll be quite mild with top temperatures of 10—12 degrees, so feeling quite springlike. similar story for england and wales on sunday, though this weather front may have a bit more influence. this area of low pressure will have more of an influence across the country — during monday, it'll bring us outbreaks of rain. so, sunday starts off dry and bright, plenty of sunshine across england and wales. that weather front, though, fading as it moves its way eastwards to bring a bit more cloud around. but again, scotland and northern ireland probably seeing most of the cloud through the day and temperatures again similar to saturday's — 8—11 degrees. on monday, that area of low pressure i showed you brings wetter conditions for a time on monday but then, high pressure builds back in and the rest of the week looks largely fine and settled with some spells of sunshine.

hello, this is bbc news. our top stories: explosions are heard across the ukrainian capital as the war enters a second day. there are reports kyiv is under missile attack from russia. an apartment building in the city has been destroyed. ukraine says it was hit by a russian aircraft that was shot down. the eu is the latest in the west to impose sanctions on russia, targeting its financial, energy and transport sectors, the commission president saying it is a watershed moment —— the west. is a watershed moment -- the west. , , ., west. putin is trying to subjugate _ west. putin is trying to subjugate a _ west. putin is trying to subjugate a friendly - west. putin is trying to - subjugate a friendly european country. and he is trying to redraw the maps of europe by force. he must, and he will,

fail.