tonight at ten — kyiv under attack, as russian troops could be as close as 12 miles from ukraine's capital. explosion. parts of the city came under a barrage of air strikes overnight, damaging residential buildings and streets. nato condemned russia's actions. president putin's decision to pursue his aggression against ukraine is a terrible strategic mistake, for which russia will pay a severe price for years to come. russian armoured vehicles are filmed entering the capital. ukraine's president tells his people only they can protect their country. translation: this morning we are l alone in defending our country - l just like yesterday. the most powerful forces

in the world watch from afar. gunfire. soldiers try to maintain order at kyiv�*s railway station, as people try to flee. across the country people say they're worried. i am scared for my life, for my kids. i'm scared for my country, but this is, you know, the fear that is transformed into anger. stay with us on bbc news or continuing coverage and analysis from our correspondence in the uk and around the world. good evening and welcome to an extended bbc news at ten. the outskirts of the ukrainian capital kyiv are tonight under russian attack. the country's president,

volodymyr zelensky, has urged the army to stand firm in the face of the assault, saying it's all the country had. he said the international community has left his nation to fight alone — and urged civilians to help defend their country. russia's president vladimir putin called on the ukrainian military to seize power from its own government. let's take a look at some of today's key developments, as the full—scale attack took place for a second day. russian troops are closing in on the capital. their military vehicles have been filmed entering the city. and in the last few hours multiple explosions have been reported. exact figures are unknown, but there are reports of large numbers of ukrainian casualties, both military and civilian since the invasion began, and of russian military deaths. streams of people in cars and on foot have been crossing from ukraine into poland, romania and hungary. the un refugee agency believes up

to five million people may try to flee abroad. there's fierce fighting in many parts of the country, with russian troops advancing from the north, from the east, and from crimea in the south. but all eyes tonight are on kyiv. there've been exchanges of fire in the north of city, which was reached by an advance party of russian troops. ukrainian authorities say 18,000 machine guns have been handed out to volunteers who want to defend the capital, while russia claims it's taken control of the hostomel airfield to the north—west of the city, important for international cargo, and a key military airbase. in our first report tonight, our correspondent nick beake looks at the day the nation's capital came under attack. siren. the early sirens wailed in ukraine's capital once more. but this was no rude awakening — no—one had been able to sleep.

the latest russian bombardments had hit yet more homes, injuring the very civilians the kremlin promised had nothing to fear from what it calls a targeted attack on the ukrainian military. as we make our way through kyiv, we find volunteers now bearing arms to protect their country. we soon see signs of a battle drawing ever nearer, as well as those bracing themselves for a last stand. of all the places to get a flat tyre. alyna's family now caught between ukrainian artillery and the russian front line. alyna says the whole family is very afraid and can't now go back to their home, and this is why. explosion. what do you think of what vladimir putin is doing to the ukrainian people?

explosion. "this is him," alyna's mother tells me. you can hear the artillery — that is outgoing fire from ukrainian forces. that family has just left. the fear here is that very soon russian forces will be making their way down here to take the capital. at the same time, ukraine's president was trying to reassure a nation, pleading with the world to help them. translation: for the second day, our city has experienced rocket and bomb strikes, masses of tanks as well as air strikes, which are similar to those which europe has already seen during the second world war, and about which it said, "neveragain." but this is now how it is. it happens again. president putin urged the military he was attacking to turn on their own government.

translation: i appeal to the servicemen of i the armed forces of ukraine. do not let neo—nazis and ukrainian ultranationalists use your children, wives and the elderly as human shields. take power into your own hands. ukraine is under attack on many fronts. in mariupol in the south—east, destruction. in sumy in the north—east, battles rage. and here in the capital, in circumstances still unclear, horror as a tank drives over a car. incredibly, the driver survived. and this is a pivotal battle ground — an airport north—west of kyiv. its fate could be vital to that of the whole country. if the russians succeed there, this will be one of the first neighbourhoods they come through — podil. today it looks like any other in ukraine. this queue is for the pharmacy. maxim tells us he hopes any advancing russians would not harm him and his family.

i think they don't take our — like normal people. i think they have a heart inside, they have something good inside. elena, a grandmother, says russian occupation would be a disaster. this is my city. the city of my parents, my grandparents. i'm not going to leave. and as for what she makes of vladimir putin... translation: when a person is so inadequate, nobody knows what will come to his mind. this evening the mind of president zelensky was defiant. speaking from the streets of kyiv, he posted this message on social media. translation: we are all here, our soldiers are here, _ the citizens are here and we are here. we defend our independence. that's how it'll go. glory to our defenders both male and female. glory to ukraine.

tonight, there is overwhelming support for the men and women being asked to save their country. but there's also a deep fear the effort will not be enough. nick beake, bbc news, kyiv. we had been hoping to broadcast the programme from kyiv tonight, but it's too dangerous to be out on the streets. let's speak to our chief international correspondent, lyse doucet. lyse, you're taking shelter in a basement tonight. this is kyiv tonight, what was a vibrant european city, nearly 3 million people, but tonight they've gone underground to take shelter and that includes us. we are in an underground parking garage. many others are here. i will show you where we are. the chairs all lined up, cops have been brought out. you

can see urns of tea and coffee in the distance. this is where we are going to have to take shelter through the night and we are not sure for how much longer. there were repeated air raid sirens tonight and then a call from the authorities, including the people running this hotel, take to your shelters and don't come out. the mayor of this city, a famous boxer, who has now taken on a military uniform and picked up a gun, he told the citizens of kyiv this is going to be a difficult night. there was a roar of explosions reverberating across kyiv tonight, explosions in the distance, still not in the centre, still about ten miles away. there was also the rattle of gunfire and artillery as well. this was a night so different from last night, where these explosions first started. there is a real worry that as the russian forces approach the city,

while there is fighting in the suburbs, this isjust the beginning of what could be a long battle, a battle for this city to survive. we saw today as we went round the city how war has pulled life from kyiv. people have taken either to underground shelters like this, or they have fled, or they are picking up they have fled, or they are picking up a gun to fight. lyse they have fled, or they are picking up a gun to fight-— up a gun to fight. lyse doucet, do take care. — up a gun to fight. lyse doucet, do take care, thank _ up a gun to fight. lyse doucet, do take care, thank you _ up a gun to fight. lyse doucet, do take care, thank you very - up a gun to fight. lyse doucet, do take care, thank you very much, l up a gun to fight. lyse doucet, do| take care, thank you very much, in the capital tonight. as we've been hearing, there's been fighting in many parts of ukraine, while people living in areas awaiting any russian advance are making last preparations for battle. 0ur eastern europe correspondent sarah rainsford reports from the city of dnipro — strategically important, situated on a river dividing east and west ukraine. this is not normal. but it is life now for anna and herfamily, ever since vladimir putin launched his invasion.

the boys don't go to school any more. everyone's home, waiting for the war to reach them. if there's shelling, they're ready to run to the basement. just basic stuff like warm clothing, a bottle of water and a snack. i have to keep up my smile for the kids, because they are very nervous. they cried yesterday, they're scared. i'm scared for my life, for my kids. i'm scared for my country, but this is, you know, the fear that is transformed into anger. that makes you act, do something to defend your country and to protect yourself. this is dnipro, and by daylight things are calm for now. but at 10pm, a siren sounds and the streets empty. until then, there's queues everywhere for cash. the city straddles the vast river that divides ukraine into east and west.

its bridges reportedly prepped for destruction if russian tanks get close. the local blood donor centre is working flat—out, collecting supplies for any soldiers wounded on the front line. there's been war here in eastern ukraine for eight years, but what's happening now is on a whole new scale. this is a huge queue and people have been standing here all day, coming to give blood, because they say they want to do their bit to help their armed forces. but the thing that i keep hearing from people in this queue is that they also want the west to do more to help their country. sanctions are ok, it helps and i believe that it will help a lot. but, yeah, we need more. that's not enough. we really rely on europe now. my friend is going there now. your friend has to go and fight with russia? yeah, and i don't want to lose them. i don't want to lose my country.

i love it so much, you can't even imagine that. how worried are you about what's happening? actually it's quite shocking for me and right now i'm thinking about taking a weapon into my hands, at least to defend my local districts. ukraine's now called on everyone to help defend this land, as russian troops fight their way forward across a country nervous but determined to resist them. sarah rainsford, bbc news, in eastern ukraine. nato is sending more troops to reinforce its member nations in eastern europe. at an emergency summit, leaders of the western military alliance said russia's invasion of ukraine had "shattered peace in europe". and they warned that moscow would pay a severe political and economic price for years to come. 0ur diplomatic correspondent james landale reports on the global response to the crisis. this is what the defence

of kyiv looks like. soldiers with guns and armoured vehicles ready to take on the might of russian tanks and warplanes. little wonder there's a debate about what more the west can do to help. but these american fighter jets won't be coming to their aid. they arrived in romania today as part of nato's decision to beef up its presence in member states close to russia. so too these british forces, arriving in the baltic state of estonia. they are there to deter potential russian aggression against nato countries. at the headquarters of the military alliance in brussels, all 30 nato leaders went further, agreeing for the first time in the organisation's history to activate their rapid response force for collective defence, which means potentially thousands more troops heading to eastern europe. we are deploying elements of the nato response force on land,

at sea and in the air, to further strengthen our posture and to respond quickly to any contingency. there must be no space for miscalculation or misunderstanding. we will do what it takes to protect and defend every ally. what the west could do is give ukraine more help like this. these are anti—tank weapons provided by britain. downing street said more support was planned and nothing was off the table. there is clearly a strong appetite here at westminster and in other european capitals to give ukraine more military kit, to support an insurgency against russian forces. but ministers are absolutely clear — there will be no uk troops on the ground, nor a no—fly zone enforced by nato warplanes. british and nato troops should not — must not — play an active role in ukraine.

we must all be clear what the risks of miscalculation could be and how existential that can very quickly become. and here's why. ukraine might have held a parade for nato forces last summer, but it's not yet a member. it wants to join, but that won't happen while there is a risk of importing conflict into the alliance, and that could take years to resolve. but look at how far and wide nato reaches. and the fear is that if nato forces join the fight in ukraine then war could spread across the whole continent. an attack on one member of nato is an attack on all members of nato. the president has been very clear that we will defend every inch of nato territory. i think that's the most powerful deterrent against president putin going beyond ukraine. but that may be of little solace to the many thousands of people trying to flee kyiv�*s station... gunfire. ..where guards fired warning shots to keep back the crowds. crowds choosing to head west rather

than rely on the west. james landale, bbc news. a us draft resolution is due to be put to the un security council tonight, saying it "deplores in the strongest terms" russian aggression agianst ukraine. let's go to un headquarters and join our correspondence, nada tawfik. what's happening there this evening? well, the meeting is finally under way under vote will be happening imminently but it's already been pushed back twice today i'm told by diplomats for last—minute negotiations to make sure that china abstains rather than votes against this draft resolution by the united states. the text deplores russia's aggression against ukraine. it also demands the immediate withdrawal of all forces from the country, but of course it is destined to fail and that's because of russia's

privileged position on the council is one of the big five, one of the victors of world war ii, it has the privilege to veto any binding resolution that comes before this council. so as ukrainians shelter ahead of russian missiles topping and tanks advancing on the capital this won't make them feel any less alone in this fight. nevertheless the united states believes when the votes are counted it will show that russia is isolated on the international stage. russia is isolated on the internationalstaue. . ~ . . international stage. thank you, nada tawfik. in his latest televised speech, russia's president vladimir putin called on ukraine's military to abandon their government, who he described as "terrorists, drug addicts and neo—nazis". the european union and uk have announced personal sanctions against mr putin and the russian foreign minister sergei lavrov. from moscow, steve rosenberg reports. has the kremlin�*s plan become any clearer? for months, putin kept the world in suspense.

then, invasion of ukraine. now an appeal to ukrainian soldiers to topple their government. translation: take power into your own hands. - i think it will be easier for us to deal with you than with the drug addicts and neo—nazis that have installed themselves in kyiv. the state media is backing the kremlin�*s war. russia's foreign minister tried to justify it. mr lavrov, let's put euphemisms aside. this is not a special military operation, is it? it's a full—scale russian invasion of ukraine. how can you possiblyjustify invading a sovereign nation, your neighbour? translation: in terms of euphemisms, we've a lot to learn _ from you anglo—saxons. you called the destruction of iraq a battle for democracy.

russia will ensure the demilitarisation of ukraine. it's time, the west thinks, for sanctions against sergei lavrov and vladimir putin. their foreign assets are being frozen by britain and the eu. personal sanctions against vladimir putin sends a strong message. it shows that western leaders view him increasingly as a pariah. but will it make the kremlin leader change course? almost certainly not. because president putin seems determined to continue with his military plan. and here's part of it. this is belgorod, western russia, near the border with ukraine. a lot of military hardware and activity. and different views on russia's offensive over the border. translation: the president explained it all, that they will target _ military objects only. of course it's unpleasant,

but there was no other way out. translation: there is nothing good in it. - everyone has friends and relatives there. i can't find words to express it. the longer the war continues, the harder it will be to convince russians that their president took the right decision. and steve rosenberg joins us from moscow. we heard in your report the appeal by president putin to ukrainian soldiers. what do you make of that? it is certainly a change of tone. 0nly yesterday vladimir putin was saying to ukrainian servicemen, lay down your weapons and go back to yourfamilies. today, a very different message, rise up, seize power and then we can do a deal with you. basically, idirect power and then we can do a deal with you. basically, i direct go for a military uprising in ukraine and a direct call for you regime change. throughout today we have heard

reports of preparations for possible talks between moscow and kyiv. i have to say, there is a lot of scepticism about whether that is possible, especially with the russian offensive ongoing. what about russia itself? western sanctions might not force a change of course from vladimir putin, but one effect they will surely have is to increase russia's isolation and the prospect of that is causing a lot of worry for a lot of people here in russia.— lot of worry for a lot of people here in russia. . .,, , here in russia. steve rosenberg in moscow, here in russia. steve rosenberg in moscow. thank— here in russia. steve rosenberg in moscow, thank you. _ the us says more than 200 missile launches, cruise and ballistic, have so far been observed in the battle for ukraine, but that russia hasn't yet captured any highly populated areas. 0ur defence correspondent jonathan beale assesses russia's military strategy, and what might come next. russia's armoured columns are still rolling, but they're also taking casualties. this, day two of their unprovoked

invasion of ukraine — a sovereign, democratic country. russian units have moved in from multiple directions, from the north, east and from the south. their most significant advance so far is from belarus to the capital kyiv. russia now says it's captured the airport of hostomel, 20 miles to the north of the city, despite ukrainian efforts to retake it. russian troops have also now entered the suburbs of kyiv itself, in 0bolon, to the north of the city. they're also reported to be advancing from the east, but british military intelligence assesses that russian forces have so far made limited progress and they've been meeting fierce resistance. the russian advance has been slower than expected for multiple reasons. i don't think that they've used their artillery in the same way that they would and they have quite a lot of axes of advance to prioritise. i also think a key part

of it is they are facing very stiff ukrainian resistance, which i don't think they expected. so what is russia's final objective? it's now clear that russian troops want to seize the capital kyiv, the centre of government. but is russia's end goal to take the entire country, which is bigger than france? remember, russia had around 190,000 troops on the border, enough for an invasion, but military experts question that's enough to occupy the whole of ukraine. the dnieper river bisects ukraine and forms a natural barrier, and russian attacks are so far focused in the east. so is their goal to take all the territory east of the river? it would certainly give russia one of its objectives — a land bridge to crimea, which it invaded in 2014. if mr putin's intent was to occupy the whole of ukraine with a force of 150,000, that would only conceivably work if it had the consent of the population of ukraine, and it will not.

a force of 150,000 is sufficient to defeat the ukrainian military pretty much wherever it is, but it is not sufficient to occupy by compulsion a country of that size with that number of people who reject their presence. this may be a major miscalculation. this is just the evidence of ukraine's resistance outside kharkiv, its second—largest city, and just 30 miles from the russian border. if president putin really wants to conquer the entire country, has he tried to bite off more than he can chew? jonathan beale, bbc news. let's speak to our politcal correspondent, iain watson at westminster. we heard from lyse doucet earlier and we heard about the speed of the russian advance here. how is that going to be playing out at westminster over the weekend and what are the concerns where you are? i'm afraid i have to say that downing street sources are saying

tonight we should brace ourselves for some sickening scenes in the next few days. they have heard what is described as ominous assessments from defence and intelligence services and quite independently officials have been telling me that if russian forces continue to face severe and robust resistance then there is significant concerns that vladimir putin will try to win victory by any means necessary. that includes the use of heavy artillery and all the loss of civilian life that would entail. against that backdrop, many mps in westminster have been calling for more equipment to be sent to ukrainian forces. they have called for a further ratcheting up have called for a further ratcheting up of sanctions. tonight boris johnson couldn't get enough allies to agree to exclude russia from the swift financial system. but in the last hour he has, following an earlier call from president zelensky, posted a video on social

media of solidarity in the ukrainian language. he also speaks a line in russian, he doesn't believe in war in your name, to the russian people. the ukrainian people are in the firing line, though. jain the ukrainian people are in the firing line, though. iain watson, thank yon _ the government has given further details about the package of sanctions it is imposing on russia. and bp is facing pressure to abandon its stake in the russian state—owned oil and gas giant rosneft. our business editor simonjack looks now at the impact sanctions might have. yesterday, russian airline aeroflot was banned from british skies. today, ba was banned from russia — a reminder that in economic warfare there is an exchange of fire. sanctions are the weapons the west has chosen and the uk has laid out its arsenal so far. the ten—point plan also includes freezing russian banks' uk assets, banning the russian state or companies from raising money on uk markets, sanctioning 100 companies

and individuals, which will include travel bans to the uk, and placing a £50,000 limit on uk bank deposits for russian nationals. so how powerful a package is this, and what might be the collateral damage? these sanctions are very significant. the financial relationship between the uk and russia has been severed and that will significantly impact the russian economy and russian financial institutions. but it will also affect companies in the uk because companies in the uk who thought they were going to be exporting, i don't know, whisky to russia next week will suddenly find that their bank will no longer process that payment. so i don't think we've yet really thought through the consequences of what this means for uk industry. the uk, france and others have also called for russia to be excluded from the swift system — a network of 11,000 financial firms in 200 countries that facilitate international payments. it is considered among the most damaging sanction that could be imposed, but again it is not

without cost to others. slap bang opposite the bank of england is this building, home to vtb, russia's second biggest bank. pulling firms like this out of swift will be disruptive for russia for sure, but it will also come at a heavy cost to those companies and countries owed money either now or in financial contracts by russian companies. it is particularly true of germany, who have a deep financial relationship with russia and use the system to pay for two thirds of their gas supply. that is one reason germany has so far been reluctant to pull the trigger on swift, though that may change. the conflict and the sanctions will add fuel to inflation, and notjust at the petrol pump and in our energy bills. russia and ukraine are major exporters notjust of oil and gas, but actually foodstuffs, wheat, fertilisers, so that is going to impact the broad food chain. i think it is highly likely now in the uk we'll see inflation reach 8%, which is a number we

haven't seen in 30 years. this evening, bp was put under pressure from government to off—load its 20% stake in russian oil giant rosneft. bp's boss sits on a board chaired by putin ally igor sechin. it's a grim and uncomfortable paradox that the higher prices for oil and gas rise, the more the countries dependent on it fuel the very russian war machine they are trying to stop. simon jack, bbc news. the un's refugee agency says more than 50,000 people have fled ukraine in the past 48 hours. many have headed west, trying to cross the border into neighbouring countries. now, there's concern that the steady stream could become a mass exodus. 0ur correspondent mark lowen has been to the polish border, speaking to people trying to escape. a border separates but also brings together.