this is bbc news. hello, this is bbc news. there've been several powerful explosions near key of as residents in the ukrainian capital hunkered down in another in shelters. on saturday... a curfew has been enclosed for the whole sunday. the russian invasion has driven more than 150,000 people to fill you crown —— ukraine. the vast majority have gone to poland many to joins friend of family. i western coalition is to cut some russian links from the interbank payment system. ursula von der leyen said the aim was to cripple president putin's ability to finance his war machine. president biden

has been speaking about the ukraine crisis, saying putin has deeply miscalculated and that his actions as only serve to unify opinion against him. what is the us government planning to provide? here's our washington correspondent. i think the most significant thing is the fact that they are authorising what has been described as an unprecedented third round of emergency security assistance using special presidential powers known as the presidential drawdown of authority. this totals 350 million dollars of military assistance that's been described by the state department as a package which includes further legal defences to address armoured airborne others threats. it brings now to a total of more than $1

billion of military assistance given by the us to ukraine over the last year. interestingly, i've been speaking to a former commander of the us army in europe whose in kyiv, and he said what the ukrainians are desperate for is air defence systems. mobile weaponry that they can bring down drones and helicopters with, so if this assistance is what it says it is, then that is very significant indeed. but getting it there remains a problem, this general told me that it's becoming increasingly difficult to deliver, russia is moving to block ground routes particularly from poland, and the us can'tjustify military aircraft into ukraine at the moment. aircraft into ukraine at the moment-— aircraft into ukraine at the moment. . ., , g ., �* ~ moment. that was jane o'brien. witness history's _ moment. that was jane o'brien. witness history's farhana - witness history's farha na haider witness history's farhana haider is at the museum in manchester looking back at five extraordinary campaigns

and protests movements. hello and welcome to witness history. i farhana haider in manchester with more remarkable moments from the past as told by people were there. in this episode, we look back at five campaigns and protest movements led by women. coming up, we'll hear about the fight for the equal right to pray at women at the western board injerusalem. the argentine you're in pioneer unearthing were crimes, the protest that was the biggest women led movement in the uk since the suffragettes, and a watershed moment for canada's indigenous people. but we start indigenous people. but we start in london, and a story about the strikers, a group of south asian women employed in a

factory. because of the poor working conditions, they decided to take a stand for workers' rights and capture the imagination of many other trade unions as patel told me was the. , ., ., ., , ., ., the. presentation on behalf of the. presentation on behalf of the workers — the. presentation on behalf of the workers union! _ the. presentation on behalf of the workers union! thank - the. presentation on behalf of the workers union! thank you | the workers union! thank you very much. luma this the workers union! thank you very much. luma_ the workers union! thank you very much. luma this woman was a very strong- -- — very much. luma this woman was a very strong... she _ very much. luma this woman was a very strong... she had - very much. luma this woman was a very strong... she had made . a very strong... she had made up a very strong... she had made up her mind to bring the union into the factory. translation: because our women were treated badly. we believed that if women have so many rights in

this country, then why can't we have them?— this country, then why can't we have them? she relied upon the new influx _ have them? she relied upon the new influx of _ have them? she relied upon the new influx of asians _ have them? she relied upon the new influx of asians from - have them? she relied upon the new influx of asians from east l new influx of asians from east africa to supply the workforce. commonly thought passive and hard working, the tables were about to turn. translation: in the factory, there was a big glass room where the managers sit. he would observe us all from that room. he would keep an eye on us. if you were going to the toilet and it took too long, then he would ask why, "what were you up to?" the unlikely leader _ "what were you up to?" the unlikely leader would challenge the stereotype of the submissive asian woman. translation: i was on the picket line from the first day, ladies came out.

how long would you stay here? a year, five years? ten how long would you stay here? a year. five years?— year, five years? ten years the - unions _ year, five years? ten years the . unions from _ year, five years? ten years the . unions from a _ year, five years? ten years the . unions from a across - year, five years? ten years the . unions from a across england sunported _ . unions from a across england sunported us- _ . unions from a across england supported us. there _ . unions from a across england supported us. there were - . unions from a across england supported us. there were two l supported us. there were two such piles- — supported us. there were two such piles. they _ supported us. there were two such piles. they had - supported us. there were two such piles. they had been - such piles. they had been building _ such piles. they had been building up— such piles. they had been building up since - such piles. they had been building up since the - such piles. they had beenj building up since the local ranch _ building up since the local ranch of— building up since the local ranch of the _ building up since the local ranch of the postal- building up since the local ranch of the postal unionl building up since the local- ranch of the postal union voted overwhelmingly _ ranch of the postal union voted overwhelmingly to _ ranch of the postal union voted overwhelmingly tojoin- ranch of the postal union voted overwhelmingly to join the - overwhelmingly to join the boycott _ boycott. all - boycott. - all chant|ng. boycott. — all chanting. translation: all the unions were there with big banners. there were a lot of policeman. you could see them all over the street. and in the middle of them was...

two years after he had begun, the strike _ two years after he had begun, the strike was _ two years after he had begun, the strike was called _ two years after he had begun, the strike was called off. - two years after he had begun, the strike was called off. he . the strike was called off. he was not upset _ the strike was called off. was not upset with the the strike was called off.- was not upset with the defeat at all. we felt that asian women in england had fought for two years for the union. and we were proud of that fact. we have achieved. the treatment has already changed. it's great _ has already changed. it's great. the wages was increased after— great. the wages was increased

after that — translation: i'm so proud of myself that we fought for our rights.— fought for our rights. laxmi patel remembering - fought for our rights. laxmi patel remembering the - patel remembering the strike which inspired widespread support. our next story is about mercedes, a forensic anthropologist from argentina who found a team dedicated to searching for the remains of missing victims of war, atrocities and violence. in their search for the truth, her teams have found remains in more than 30 countries, among them el salvador, a scene of a brutal civil war in the 19905. we end up assuming the remains of 140 kids that were all in this very small 1—room house.

we were... whatever they had in their pockets. those kind of details are actually the ones that kind of devastate you. they're very, very hard, yeah. i started doing this for and this work since 1984 when democracy returned to argentina after quite brutal military government. i was a student, most of us were, just very close to graduating. it wasn't something that we were thinking of. let's form an organisation that will do this globally or anything like that. it was more like, if you want to be consistent with what we think and what we believe, we thought we couldn't say no.

in december 1981, the army entered into... a5 in december 1981, the army entered into... as well as another 500 troops nearby. children, women and men execute them, burn their houses and everything. removing any possibility of support. at the time, you could still see human bones in different parts of the houses. �* ,, �* houses. translation: this is where _ houses. translation: this is where we - houses. translation: this is where we found | houses. translation: | this is where we found all houses. translation: - this is where we found all the cartridges. this is where the victims _ cartridges. this is where the victims were probably lined up before — victims were probably lined up before being executed. we were “ust not before being executed. we were just got back _ before being executed. we were just got back we _ before being executed. we were just got back we had _ before being executed. we were just got back we had never - just got back we had never worked on a case of that scale at that time.

i see the work that we do in different parts of the world as part of a reparation process. where something horrible had happened, he could not fix what happened, he could not fix what happened, but we could provide some solace by providing information sometimes are turning back the remains of missing people to their loved ones, which we have learned how important is. these are crimes that often start as political crimes in part of the political situation, so you learn to wait and push as much as you can so that the evidence can be heard and have it day in court. but it required a lot of patients, and often, we found a very strong feeling of frustration.

i was iwasa i was a very small courtroom where the massacre happened, and we were testifying something that we thought was never going to happen. we were all kind of like, ok, now this is what we're supposed to have done 30 years ago. this process never ends, so we never feel complete. never complete closure will stop. next we go back to the 19805, when a group ofjewish feminists campaign for the right to pray as openly as

jewish men. one ofjudaism's holy sites. we spoke to annette hoffman, one of the founders of the so—called women of the war. all singing. the so-called women of the war. all singing-— all singing. more times and i'd like to think _ all singing. more times and i'd like to think of. _ all singing. more times and i'd like to think of. of— all singing. more times and i'd like to think of. of course, - like to think of. of course, and eggs, water, etc. all shouting. when israel took over east

jerusalem, they built a partition between men and women at the wall. the partition is not equal. men are encouraged to explore alljewish expression. some people allow themselves allow —— what some people allowed to say that about us was quite shocking. bury them alive, we have been called not teased by otherjewish people. —— not sees —— nazis. when we went to court, 14 years later,

the court felt that our issue was so complex that it rocks the jewish world was so complex that it rocks thejewish world as we know it. cheering we won three out of our four strategic goals. women can wear a shoal at the wall. i will say a shoal at the wall. i will say a self pleasure, but you can do it. —— a self pleasure, but you can do it. -- i a self pleasure, but you can do it. —— i won't say. i am waiting for the day where young girls reading the torah, wearing her tile leave, praying out loud and saying, "hey old lady, it's always been this way." lady, it's always been this wa ." ., .,

way." one of the founding members _ way." one of the founding members of _ way." one of the founding members of the _ way." one of the founding members of the women l way." one of the founding | members of the women of way." one of the founding - members of the women of the war. remember, you can watch witness history every month or catch up on all our films along with more than 1000 radio programmes in our online archive. just search for bbc .co .uk/ wish history. our next story takes us to the 19805 and an anti—nuclear protest outside an anti—nuclear protest outside an american airbase in rural england that lasted 19 years. and organise... where us missiles were being kept. a small group set up camp outside the base and as women from all over europe during the protest, it grew into thousands. the first american _ it grew into thousands. the first american cruise - it grew into thousands. tue: first american cruise missiles are now in britain. it was only this morning in berkshire that

a united states star lifter landed with its cargo of missiles.— landed with its cargo of missiles. ~ , , , missiles. also represents the voice of rebellious _ missiles. also represents the voice of rebellious women. . missiles. also represents the l voice of rebellious women. we decided to _ voice of rebellious women. 7 decided to stay, asking for a public debate between everybody in this country about the increased missiles. decisions were all taken by men, just seems right that it should be women. at that point in 1981, we had two children. we moved here because we wanted to run a small holding, grow vegetables. the possibility that the cold war would escalate into a nuclear war began to seem more and more likely. the government was sending out leaflets called

protect and survive and issued a filmed about what we should do. abs. a filmed about what we should do. �* . , , do. a cupboard under the stairs. that _ do. a cupboard under the stairs. that is _ do. a cupboard under the stairs. that is the - do. a cupboard under the stairs. that is the place l do. a cupboard under the l stairs. that is the place for refuge _ stairs. that is the place for refuge. start collecting the mud — refuge. start collecting the mud. ~ ., ~ refuge. start collecting the mud. ~ . ,, ., refuge. start collecting the mud. . . ~' . . ~' mud. we were making a make in under the _ mud. we were making a make in under the stairs _ mud. we were making a make in under the stairs with _ mud. we were making a make in under the stairs with a _ mud. we were making a make in under the stairs with a few - under the stairs with a few tens of food. you thought, what? we insane? so many protests have ta ken the fall of war. think of india. the marches in selma in america for martin luther king. it is a markkula —— form of protest. i have visions of women walking on the road. i did manage to get a little mention of the march and conventional women's magazines like cosmopolitan, and there were women who had seen and jumped at it and thought this is for them. most

of them, women who had never done anything like this before. we walked from cardiff to green and kahneman. the press were not interested. trying to get on the front pages was... i was told to get lost i don't know how many times. we had to do something more dramatic, and we decided to chain ourselves up to the gate. we had to stay night, another night, two weeks. the support did come in. �*s thousands of women surround 's thousands of women surround the airbase in a peaceable process— the airbase in a peaceable process in britain. it the airbase in a peaceable process in britain.- the airbase in a peaceable process in britain. it was the bi est process in britain. it was the biggest women's _ process in britain. it was the . biggest women's demonstration ever. it was a brilliant title. embrace the base, embrace the base! �* . base! laughter we decorated i base! laughter| we decorated the base! laughter - we decorated the fence as base! laughter _ we decorated the fence as well. i remember seeing a woman had hung her wedding dress on the fence. i suppose relations with

the police had begun... but they got quite violent. green knight security has been substantially increased here tonight. substantially increased here toni . ht. substantially increased here toniaht. , tonight. the protest force misses faster _ tonight. the protest force misses faster to - tonight. the protest force misses faster to abandon | tonight. the protest force . misses faster to abandon her plan — misses faster to abandon her plan -- — misses faster to abandon her plan -- mrs _ misses faster to abandon her plan —— mrs thatcher. - misses faster to abandon her plan —— mrs thatcher. the i misses faster to abandon her plan -- mrs thatcher. the fact that it was _ plan -- mrs thatcher. the fact that it was a _ plan -- mrs thatcher. the fact that it was a movement - plan -- mrs thatcher. the fact - that it was a movement of women that it was a movement of women that made some leaders, it did change things. i'm very proud of what i did, really. i'm very proud of what i did, reall . �* ., really. anne, and the fermentable - really. anne, and the fermentable women. | really. anne, and the - fermentable women. for our final film, fermentable women. for our finalfilm, we go to fermentable women. for our final film, we go to canada fermentable women. for our finalfilm, we go to canada and the 19905, where indigenous

canadians adapted to plans to develop a golf course on the site of a burial ground in quebec. the dispute led to a summer—long siege between demonstrators and canadian security forces. witness history spoke to activist ellen gabrielle. to history spoke to activist ellen gabrielle. ., . history spoke to activist ellen gabrielle. ., , , ., , gabrielle. to see the states auoin in gabrielle. to see the states going in -- _ gabrielle. to see the states going in -- the _ gabrielle. to see the states going in -- the tanks - gabrielle. to see the statesl going in -- the tanks coming going in —— the tanks coming in, we even had the flyerjets fight over us. the mood was very tense. this is all for a golf course, this is all for some group of rich people, the elite and their playground. like many other indigenous peoples, we call the earth our mother, the place where our ancestors rest. it's extremely important. they wanted to extend their nine hole golf course into an 18 hole golf course, but at the same time, they also wanted to dig up our burial ground to extend their parking lot. we set up a

blockade on a secondary dirt road. at that time, the majority of people who are at the barricades were women. our plans come from our mothers, and they were the ones who were supposed to protect the land, and is the duty of the men to attack the people. the women said they would go to the front when the police arrived. the men said they would watch and protect us if anything happened. so, on the morning of july 11, we were interrupted at 5:15am by a swat team, so he went towards the front of the barricade and towards the highway with our hands in the air to make highway with our hands in the airto make sure highway with our hands in the air to make sure we —— they saw we had no weapons, but they still met u5 we had no weapons, but they still met us with a lot of aggression and force. what i said to them was this is our land and you have every right to be here. we weren't too happy with that. that's why they wanted to talk to them in because the women were being very unreasonable to them. ——

the men. people originally said there be no weapons, but there were individuals who carry their weapons. we couldn't do anything about it. it was a peaceful barricade. around 8:30 a:m., they started firing tear gas and grenades. concussion grenades for those who don't know, sound like gunshots. they're quite a loud noise. i have to tell some of the people i was with to run. run for cover. it was scary because we didn't know if anyone was killed. the police force continued to block the roads. people coming in or out, they prevented food, medicine, they were quite aggressive. and always provoking. it was a siege of 78 days. we did decide

to end it, we had had enough and said we were going back to our homes. september 26 is when it was supposedly finished. a big melee happened. some of the soldiers had their bayonets on because they were afraid of the people who were coming out. there were a lot of arrests on that day. there were still not surrendering because the land was still in full force. it hasn't been settled. the golf course sparked a discussion, but the real issues that people have been fighting for for centuries. which is protection of our languages and culture. so, it woke up people, i would say. so, it woke up people, i would sa . ., h so, it woke up people, i would sa . . �*, . ., , say. that's all for this edition _ say. that's all for this edition of _ say. that's all for this edition of witness - say. that's all for this -

edition of witness history. here at the people's history museum, we will be back as amazing moments in history but for now, for me and the rest of the team, goodbye. the weather through the remainder of the weekend is continuing on that dry, settle theme with high pressure in charge of our weather. a bit more cloud pushing and and breeze. for england and wales, fairly clear skies with a similar picture into sunday as well. this is a weather front which is starting to move in. you can see that proximity, with breezy or across northern and western areas, but as a front pushes its way eastward, it bumps into high pressure.

certainly a chilly start for england and wales with a touch of frost, and a bit of a chilly start for scotland. we have got this weak front traipsed through the irish sea with more cloud. a bit of that cloud is... light so winds for most of us. between 8—11 degrees on sunday. initially, things are looking quite dry and clear, and we keep the clear spells for longest across eastern england. this band moves and, unless going to be with us monday morning. not as cold first thing monday, first thing sunday we have more... i think it'll be quite slow to reach east anglia on the southeast,

so you may well keep some sunny spells, but elsewhere, windy conditions. that rain will clear out of scotland and northern ireland, but it will be quite slow—moving. another fairly mild day. temperatures up fairly mild day. temperatures up to 12. high pressure sets across much of the uk, but we have that frontal system feeling some rain. some uncertainty about how far north or south this is. we are thinking high pressure will dominate. i touch cooler on tuesday. still a bit of rain lingering, and more rain in the northwest on thursday. bye—bye.

our top stories. the moment a rocket hit an apartment block in the ukraine capital as the russian military continues its assault. this is what kyiv woke up assault. this is what kyiv woke up to this morning. all this destruction is in a residential area in a european city and there is a real sense here now that nowhere in the capital is safe. the exodus grows to around 100,000 people have already fled to neighbouring countries. tougher sanctions on russia. the eu calls for a number of russian banks to be removed from the swift banking system. we

removed from the swift banking s stem. ~ .,