this is bbc news broadcasting in the uk and around the globe. our top stories: fears of toxic fumes rise over ukraine as a russian missile strike an oil terminal. reports russian troops have entered the country's second largest city. this is the scene in the capital as the country enters its fourth day of invasion. president zelenskyy has rejected talks with moscow in belarus. more allies and the russians from cavan! swift. the european union and its partners are working to cripple food in�*s ability to finance his war

machine. —— triple booting's. it would limit �*s reserves estimated at more than $630 billion. 's reserves estimated at more than $630 billion-— 's reserves estimated at more than $630 billion. live pictures from the polish ukrainian _ $630 billion. live pictures from the polish ukrainian border— $630 billion. live pictures from the polish ukrainian border as - $630 billion. live pictures from the polish ukrainian border as a - $630 billion. live pictures from the| polish ukrainian border as a refugee agencies warn up to 4 million people could flee into neighbouring countries. welcome. the russian assault on ukraine is continuing on several fronts as the invasion enters its fourth day. ukraine's president, volodymyr zelenskyy says he's open to honest talks with moscow but ruled out negotiations being held out in the belarus of minsk or another city saying the neighbouring

country speaking this morning, zelenskyy accused russian troops of deliberately bombarding residential areas in what he called a brutal overnight shelling campaign. he said forces had attacked everything including ambulances. a large blast was heard to the west of the capital kyiv this morning and an oil depot was blown up close to the city last night. ukrainian officials say russian troops have entered the second largest city kharkiv after an explosion at the gas pipeline in the north—eastern city. ukrainian media is reporting russian forces are occupying the south of the country. for a fourth night, russia waged war on its neighbour. this is an oil depot near an airstrip to the south of kyiv. with toxic smoke filling the air, people have been advised to close their windows and stay indoors. "the enemy wants to destroy everything", says the local mayor.

to the north—east, not far from the russian border, a gas pipeline was hit, with the authorities warning of an environmental disaster. but this doesn't look like it was the decisive night for ukraine's capital that some had feared. the city's mayor warning of russians in their mixed. translation: the situation in — in their mixed. translation: tue situation in the in their mixed. translation: tte situation in the capital in their mixed. translation: ttj: situation in the capital is completed and tense, he said. the enemy has not broken into the city but saboteurs are operating. to the west, the desperate exodus is continuing, with long queues at border crossings leaving ukraine, and chaos at train stations. many of us thought that it is just informational war, but you see what happened,

and we don't understand why putin does it. we need help from world, we say... help, help, help us. because we are here, we are here. so we are alone here. four days in, russia's hopes of a quick victory has not materialised and kyiv has not fallen. but on the southern front, the russians are gaining ground. and there's plenty of troops, tanks, and equipment still waiting to be deployed. james waterhouse is in the ukrainian capital and he gave us the latest. it has been relatively quiet, if you can use such a phrase in these times. it doesn't sound calm. we have heard a number of close

explosions, shell fire. the closest we have heard on the east side of this river, which sits beyond the foreign ministry and saint michael's cathedral. that is a suburb. people have been sharing images of line of advancing russian columns almost, of armoured vehicles and soldiers moving with large automatic weapons, occasionally aiming down the sights. we learned yesterday that ukrainian forces were trying to put their attentions onto the bridges that cross the river as a defensive position. but the advance, if you like, sounds a lot closer than it has done before. the last 2a hours in the streets in the immediate streets, apart from the occasional sound of distant automatic fire or shelling have been eerily quiet. there is a curfew currently in place from last night until tomorrow morning. the city's mayor vitali klitschko says anyone seen will be

assumed to be a russian saboteur. the soldiers who have been infiltrating the city and trying to blow up things like power stations. the ukrainian forces say they are repelling them for now. we talk about this military stranglehold. we understand from reports in moscow that the order has been given to approach kyiv from all sides, given the stumbling nature of this advanced so far. i think we are starting to hear and see it pretty soon. , w , starting to hear and see it pretty soon. , ., ~ soon. president zelenskyy has talked also about that _ soon. president zelenskyy has talked also about that civilian _ soon. president zelenskyy has talked also about that civilian areas - soon. president zelenskyy has talked also about that civilian areas being i also about that civilian areas being targeted _ also about that civilian areas being targeted and strikes on ambulances. what do _ targeted and strikes on ambulances. what do you know about that, james? well, _ what do you know about that, james? well, we _ what do you know about that, james? well, we know they've named dozens of civilian targets over the past 24—hour is. it's really hard to verify these claims. but i think what is clear, especially from the residential tower block that was hit yesterday in the western region, near the international airport. we've also seen pictures of tower

blocks in the area, the city behind me. that is getting in the crossfire. the reality is, when troops advance, when a country is in a state of war. when two military forces collide but there way of mitigating civilians getting caught in the crossfire.— in the crossfire. briefly, james, civilian casualties _ in the crossfire. briefly, james, civilian casualties at _ in the crossfire. briefly, james, civilian casualties at troop - civilian casualties at troop casualties, any idea at all. if you ask the ukrainians, _ casualties, any idea at all. if you ask the ukrainians, the - casualties, any idea at all. if you ask the ukrainians, the latest i ask the ukrainians, the latest estimate yesterday was around 300 so far and that will be higher, i'm sorry to say. and the estimates of russian troops are more than 3000. moscow will never comment on that kind of thing. we need to be bright about this. this is a huge advance and there is heavy fighting in kharkiv, similar images of convoy troops are fighting in the streets. more missile attacks on the

outskirts of kyiv. and this full—scale assault, whilst there is also talk of talks from russia is still very much happening. james waterhouse. _ ican i can now speak to a journalistjust outside kyiv, at present. i don't know whether you can give us the approximate location of where you are and what you are seeing and hearing at the moment. t are and what you are seeing and hearing at the moment. i cannot, unfortunately. — hearing at the moment. i cannot, unfortunately, for _ hearing at the moment. i cannot, unfortunately, for safety - hearing at the moment. i cannot, unfortunately, for safety reasons| unfortunately, for safety reasons but i have been trying all day yesterday to get back into kyiv to join out tee up with my comrade is there, my colleagues. tojoin join out tee up with my comrade is there, my colleagues. to join the resistance. there is a curfew. i will have to wait until tomorrow morning and try to re—attempt to enter the city. morning and try to re-attempt to enter the city-— morning and try to re-attempt to enter the city. what are you seeing and hearing — enter the city. what are you seeing and hearing now? _ enter the city. what are you seeing

and hearing now? interference l enter the city. what are you seeing - and hearing now? interference there are exnlosions — and hearing now? interference tt:: are explosions throughout the country. the west is less affected than eastern parts. it was worrying. it was already mentioned on your programme at a gas pipeline was hit it was —— there was a hit on an oil facility. there is a major ecological disaster. additionally we had there was an attempt to hit toxic waste storage in kyiv. all signs are indicating that vladimir putin has chosen a scorched earth campaign in order to bring ukraine to its knees and to try to do it as quickly as possible and he has been committing war crimes and kindergartens have been shelled. cluster bombs have been reported to be used. it indicates he is growing desperate and unhappy with how the

campaign has proceeded so far. find campaign has proceeded so far. and there's reports of civilians being killed and cluster bombs being used, do you know where they are coming from and in what number? the cluster bomb was used _ from and in what number? the cluster bomb was used outside _ from and in what number? the cluster bomb was used outside of— from and in what number? the cluster bomb was used outside of donetsk, i bomb was used outside of donetsk, right on the dividing line, in ukrainian territory, the donbas. and a hospital. this was actually the first day of war. a hospital was hit and four people were killed. obviously, the russian side, the report said he is refusing to acknowledge any casualties whatsoever except with one yesterday. they published exactly one casualty. despite the fact that they probably have over 3000. as has been reported. as you know, vladimir putin has closed down twitter and facebook. he wants to keep the true scale of the disaster from his

people. they keep referring to it as an ante campaign, special operation, is there terminology. when you ask about the cluster bomb attack, you can be sure that the russians will try to pin it on the ukrainians, everything that happens, to use it for propaganda purposes. we are hearing very concerning and worrisome reports that they will try to stage a chemical attack somewhere in the east of ukraine. it seems like they have pulled out all the stops. like they have pulled out all the sto s. ., like they have pulled out all the stos, . .,, ., ,, like they have pulled out all the stos. ., ., _ ., , stops. that obviously would be, you know, a stops. that obviously would be, you know. a huge _ stops. that obviously would be, you know, a huge and _ stops. that obviously would be, you know, a huge and incredibly - stops. that obviously would be, you | know, a huge and incredibly alarming step up. how reliable are those reports and on what basis are they being made, do you know? obviously we are in the — being made, do you know? obviously we are in the fog _ being made, do you know? obviously we are in the fog of _ being made, do you know? obviously we are in the fog of war, _ being made, do you know? obviously we are in the fog of war, you - being made, do you know? obviously we are in the fog of war, you have - we are in the fog of war, you have to take everything with a grain of salt, reports on both sides. when it comes to the chemical attack there

were fears even before this terrorist or special operation began against ukraine, russia's defence minister, this was probably three or four weeks ago and it was already reported having said we are preparing for americans to stage a chemical attack. preparing for americans to stage a chemicalattack. it preparing for americans to stage a chemical attack. it seemed they were preparing the rationale for war. they preparing their public with a false flag operation and leading a lot of experts to see a lot of ominous parallels between vladimir putin's tactics and hitler's tactics. the parallels. when hitler accused poland of attacking germany and then waging a war of defence, thatis and then waging a war of defence, that is exactly what vladimir putin is doing to ukraine. thank you forjoining us. i'm joined

by a senior lecturer in security at bath university. thank you for joining us. what is your sense of where we are on a military front this morning?— where we are on a military front this mornin: ? ,., ., ., ,., ., this morning? good morning. good cuestion. this morning? good morning. good question- what _ this morning? good morning. good question. what we _ this morning? good morning. good question. what we are _ this morning? good morning. good question. what we are seeing - this morning? good morning. good question. what we are seeing in . this morning? good morning. good| question. what we are seeing in the first three days is that the russians had not performed as they would have expected. and as perhaps we would have expected in the west. the major reason for that is they have failed to correctly assess the will of the ukrainian armed forces and the people to resist. they thought that at best they were going to be welcoming them and, at worst, ambivalent, and that has not materialised. hence their approach, which we saw was basically their main effort was from the north to try to capture kyiv quickly on day one or two using probably airborne forces. it has not materialised. it

has left them with a more difficult situation around kyiv. and also to the east where they have to fight and bypass cities, because they are facing such resistance. so, that is where we are today. there is a lot of talk about what is happening in kyiv and where is holding out and not so well. the thrust from the southis not so well. the thrust from the south is potentially dangerous to the ukrainian forces, because a lot of their best units are in the south—east, where the previous conflict or the original conflict was. in conflict or the original conflict was. , ., , ., , conflict or the original conflict was. , ., was. in terms of this worry about other military — was. in terms of this worry about other military tactics _ was. in terms of this worry about other military tactics being - was. in terms of this worry about other military tactics being used. there are reports of chemical weapons. any other kinds of more barbaric internationally illegal weapons and tactics being used, how reliable are they? how worried are you about those reports? t reliable are they? how worried are you about those reports?— reliable are they? how worried are you about those reports? i have not seen those — you about those reports? i have not seen those reports. _ you about those reports? i have not seen those reports. i— you about those reports? i have not seen those reports. i will— you about those reports? i have not seen those reports. i will take - seen those reports. i will take everything with a handful of salt at the moment. and platforms like

twitter are decent for getting first hand accounts. but are generally pro—western and very hard to verify, as you know. take everything with a massive dose of salt. what i would say is what you have seen is the russians hoped they would get this decapitation on the kyiv regime, install a proper regime, less resistance across the country and this would be over fairly quickly. they sent their forces up for that. they sent their forces up for that. they have a lot more forces they can commit. when they change their approach, which they may well do, to be in much more methodical and destructive and the use of artillery, then you will see the real true cost of war materialise in ukraine. what i would say is the ukrainians have done an absolutely fantasticjob resisting so far against what is, you know, potentially an overwhelming force. it's very encouraging to see from their perspective and our perspective. their perspective and our perspective-— their perspective and our perspective. their perspective and our --ersective. ,, , , perspective. quickly in ten seconds,

is it permitted _ perspective. quickly in ten seconds, is it permitted under _ perspective. quickly in ten seconds, is it permitted under nato _ perspective. quickly in ten seconds, is it permitted under nato rules - perspective. quickly in ten seconds, is it permitted under nato rules forl is it permitted under nato rules for any other external special forces covertly to be allowed on the ground to support ukraine or not? do covertly to be allowed on the ground to support ukraine or not?— to support ukraine or not? do you mean, to support ukraine or not? do you mean. like. _ to support ukraine or not? do you mean, like, what, _ to support ukraine or not? do you mean, like, what, it— to support ukraine or not? do you mean, like, what, it could - to support ukraine or not? do you mean, like, what, it could be - to support ukraine or not? do you. mean, like, what, it could be going on. r ., . , mean, like, what, it could be going on._ absolutely - mean, like, what, it could be going on._ absolutely no i on. armed forces. absolutely no evidence to _ on. armed forces. absolutely no evidence to suggest _ on. armed forces. absolutely no evidence to suggest that. - on. armed forces. absolutely no evidence to suggest that. that i on. armed forces. absolutely no - evidence to suggest that. that comes with a risk. what you generally see as military equipment and military supplies and ammunition and intelligence, intelligence assets which are probably stationed over the air space which are probably stationed over the airspace in which are probably stationed over the air space in poland, to make sure there is no inadvertent escalation, supplying data to the ukrainians, who can then act on it. i wouldn't be surprised if that is happening. there are always advisers. these things are usually kept under the surface. but very limited numbers.— limited numbers. doctor patrick ber , limited numbers. doctor patrick berry. thank — limited numbers. doctor patrick berry. thank you _ limited numbers. doctor patrick berry, thank you very _ limited numbers. doctor patrick berry, thank you very much - limited numbers. doctor patrick berry, thank you very much for| berry, thank you very much for joining us. it's been reported that around 150,000 people have crossed into poland, we're going to the polish border with ukraine now. kasia madera is there for us. what is the picture there, at the

moment? . . what is the picture there, at the moment? , , ., ., , , , moment? this is one of the busiest border crossings _ moment? this is one of the busiest border crossings in _ moment? this is one of the busiest border crossings in eastern - moment? this is one of the busiest border crossings in eastern poland. j border crossings in eastern poland. we were here all day and it has got increasingly busy. polish border guards yesterday said around 16,000 people have crossed. they are geared up people have crossed. they are geared up for that number to be larger today as well. two people i want to speak to have just made that crossing. they have been travelling for around three days. vlad and nastia havejoined us. you have walked across and you have had quite a long journey. nastia, walked across and you have had quite a longjourney. nastia, how long have you been travelling to get to this point? irate have you been travelling to get to this oint? ~ ., _ this point? we were going by car. interference _ this point? we were going by car. interference we _ this point? we were going by car. interference we were - this point? we were going by car. interference we were standing| this point? we were going by car. i interference we were standing at this point? we were going by car. - interference we were standing at the border. for interference we were standing at the border- for 13 — interference we were standing at the border. for13 hours. _ interference we were standing at the border. for 13 hours. you _ interference we were standing at the border. for 13 hours. you are _ border. for13 hours. you are physically — border. for13 hours. you are physically standing _ border. for13 hours. you are physically standing at - border. for13 hours. you are physically standing at the - border. for 13 hours. you are . physically standing at the border for 13 hours. physically standing at the border for 13 hours— for13 hours. yes, yes, with our bans, for13 hours. yes, yes, with our bags. standing. _ for13 hours. yes, yes, with our

bags, standing, just... - for13 hours. yes, yes, with our bags, standing, just... just - bags, standing, 'ust. .. just waiting. h bags, standing, 'ust. .. just waiting. did _ bags, standing, just... just waiting. did they _ bags, standing, just... tut waiting. did they explain why it was taking so long?— taking so long? because it's too much people- — taking so long? because it's too much people. too _ taking so long? because it's too much people. too much - taking so long? because it's too | much people. too much people. ukrainians— much people. too much people. ukrainians and from different other countries _ ukrainians and from different other countries and everybody want to left ukraine _ countries and everybody want to left ukraine. . , ., countries and everybody want to left ukraine. . , . . , ukraine. vlad, they are really checkinu ukraine. vlad, they are really checking your _ ukraine. vlad, they are really checking your papers, - ukraine. vlad, they are really l checking your papers, because, ukraine. vlad, they are really - checking your papers, because, you know, in theory, they would have wanted you to stay and pick up arms. yeah, because it is a very bad situations _ yeah, because it is a very bad situations. all— yeah, because it is a very bad situations. all the _ yeah, because it is a very bad situations. all the guys- yeah, because it is a very badl situations. all the guys should yeah, because it is a very bad - situations. all the guys should stay in ukraine — situations. all the guys should stay in ukraine. but— situations. all the guys should stay in ukraine. �* ,, situations. all the guys should stay in ukraine. �* i. ., situations. all the guys should stay in ukraine. �* ., ., , ., ., in ukraine. but you had to prove a medical condition, _ in ukraine. but you had to prove a medical condition, which - in ukraine. but you had to prove a medical condition, which meant i in ukraine. but you had to prove a i medical condition, which meant you are exempt. medical condition, which meant you are exempt-— are exempt. yeah, i have some problems _ are exempt. yeah, i have some problems with _ are exempt. yeah, i have some problems with my _ are exempt. yeah, i have some problems with my health - are exempt. yeah, i have some problems with my health may l are exempt. yeah, i have somel problems with my health may be are exempt. yeah, i have some - problems with my health may be two or three _ problems with my health may be two or three years — problems with my health may be two or three years ago, _ problems with my health may be two or three years ago, that's _ problems with my health may be two or three years ago, that's why- problems with my health may be two or three years ago, that's why i- or three years ago, that's why i checked — or three years ago, that's why i checked all— or three years ago, that's why i checked all the _ or three years ago, that's why i checked all the documents - or three years ago, that's why i checked all the documents and | or three years ago, that's why i- checked all the documents and then i can go— checked all the documents and then i can go abroad — checked all the documents and then i can go abroad. but _ checked all the documents and then i can go abroad. but now— checked all the documents and then i can go abroad. but now it's— checked all the documents and then i can go abroad. but now it's not- checked all the documents and then i can go abroad. but now it's not very. can go abroad. but now it's not very easy _ can go abroad. but now it's not very eas . �* . can go abroad. but now it's not very eas . �* , ., y can go abroad. but now it's not very eas. �*, ., , r, easy. it's not very easy. because there is that — easy. it's not very easy. because there is that appeal _ easy. it's not very easy. because there is that appeal for _ easy. it's not very easy. because there is that appeal for 18-60 . easy. it's not very easy. because i there is that appeal for 18-60 year there is that appeal for 18—60 year old men to stay and fight. nastia, your family is still in old men to stay and fight. nastia, yourfamily is still in ukraine. yes. your family is still in ukraine. yes. ., ., i. ., your family is still in ukraine. yes. ., ., ., ., yes. how do you feel about that? it's hard

yes. how do you feel about that? it's hard but _ yes. how do you feel about that? it's hard but my _ yes. how do you feel about that? it's hard but my family _ yes. how do you feel about that? it's hard but my family cannot - yes. how do you feel about that? it's hard but my family cannot be| it's hard but my family cannot be the because my father, he should be in ukraine. _ the because my father, he should be in ukraine, because... he can't go abroad _ in ukraine, because... he can't go abroad and — in ukraine, because... he can't go abroad. and my mum can't leave him alone _ abroad. and my mum can't leave him alone so _ abroad. and my mum can't leave him alone. so they are in ukraine. it�*s alone. so they are in ukraine. it's alone. so they are in ukraine. it's a difficult alone. so they are in ukraine. tt�*s a difficult situation. you have just a difficult situation. you havejust arrived on the polish side of the border. what happens left, do you know the process of what you will do next. ., . , know the process of what you will do next. ., ., , ., �* , next. now, i am very tired, that's wh i next. now, i am very tired, that's why i want _ next. now, i am very tired, that's why i want to _ next. now, i am very tired, that's why i want to sleep _ next. now, i am very tired, that's why i want to sleep and _ next. now, i am very tired, that's why i want to sleep and eat - next. now, i am very tired, that's why i want to sleep and eat and i why i want to sleep and eat and that's— why i want to sleep and eat and that's what— why i want to sleep and eat and that's what i_ why i want to sleep and eat and that's what i will— why i want to sleep and eat and that's what i will think - why i want to sleep and eat and that's what i will think to - why i want to sleep and eat and that's what i will think to do - why i want to sleep and eat and i that's what i will think to do next. have _ that's what i will think to do next. have you — that's what i will think to do next. have you got— that's what i will think to do next. have you got people _ that's what i will think to do next. have you got people here - that's what i will think to do next. have you got people here you - that's what i will think to do next. have you got people here you are| have you got people here you are contacting? thank you for taking that time to speak to us. nastia, vlad, these are just two of the over 100,000 people that have made that journey, that crossing into poland alone and those figures are expected to go up and the polish border guards saying it is around 121,000 people they believe have crossed already. again, that figure is expected to go up. places like here

really geared up to have that initial welcome. really geared up to have that initialwelcome. if really geared up to have that initial welcome. if you take a look around, families coming through. again, it is predominantly women and children coming through. as a lad was saying, unless you have real medical exemptions, you are required to stay —— as vlad was saying. local people, poles there are local people galvanising. already a large ukrainian population in poland. they are bringing nappies, water, anything that is useful. there were loads of buggies and shoes that people could pick up and take away with them, anything that they need. transportation as well. polish people, ukrainian people, they are walking around with placards, banners, saying "we will give you free lifts to... " and the name of the town, anything to help. people like vlad and nastia had just

arrived and they are exhausted and shell—shocked, overwhelmed. the polish president has been speaking about how ukrainians are heroes in theirfight and he is about how ukrainians are heroes in their fight and he is advocating for poland... poland is advocating that ukraine has a speeded up entry into nato, that they have the release of eu funds in order to rebuild their country. but on the ground, this is the initial point that people coming through, this is the kind of scene that they will witness and, ultimately, they will get moved on. there are buses prepared here to move them on a little bit further into poland, where school halls, stadiums, they've all been transformed and they can get some sleep initially after a really long journey they have had to reach this point. before the next part of their journey. point. before the next part of their 'ourne . . ~' , ., the ukrainian president has said he is still open to peace with russia.

but no talks should be held in the belarus capital of minsk. he gave an update as the war entered day four, let's hear what he had to say. translation:— let's hear what he had to say. translation: ., , ., , , ., translation: last night was brutal in ukraine. again _ translation: last night was brutal in ukraine. again the _ translation: last night was brutal in ukraine. again the shelling - translation: last night was brutal in ukraine. again the shelling and i in ukraine. again the shelling and again the bombing of residential areas and civilian infrastructure. we will fight as long as it takes to liberate the country. if children are born in shelters, even when the shelling continues, then the enemy has no chance in this undoubtedly people's war. to victory, glory to ukraine.

i'm joined now by hanna shelest, editor in chief of ukraine analytica in odesa. thank you for the invitation, i am following not only what is happening in odesa and my organisation is stationed in towns. on the south, as for now, it is more or less calm. definitely, if you compare with other parts of ukraine. we had the attempt of the landing operation during the night but our navy managed to counter it. we had the attacks of russia at several kilometres to the city. but the biggest fighting that definitely happened last night in kyiv and kharkiv, where we have now the shelling is have continued and most of my staff are in shelters. d0 shelling is have continued and most of my staff are in shelters.- of my staff are in shelters. do you have any sense — of my staff are in shelters. do you have any sense of _ of my staff are in shelters. do you have any sense of what _ of my staff are in shelters. do you have any sense of what levels - of my staff are in shelters. do you have any sense of what levels of l have any sense of what levels of civilian casualties or killings there might be? b5 civilian casualties or killings there might be?— civilian casualties or killings there might be? civilian casualties or killings there miaht be? a ., , , there might be? as of yesterday we had the report _ there might be? as of yesterday we had the report of— there might be? as of yesterday we had the report of approximately - there might be? as of yesterday we | had the report of approximately 200

civilians. the numbers are definitely changing. because yesterday in the evening, a lot of shelling has been reported coming to the civilian objects. but also to the civilian objects. but also to the petrol and fuel storages. you can imagine that the fire from fuel storage can touch the buildings nearby. the biggest being in kharkiv, the military town. as for now, we already have people reported being killed in different incidents. we still don't know the exact information where more fighting has been happening in the last two days. and what about the number of military casualties on both sides? the numbers are changing constantly. at least the ukrainian side reported that the number of bodies that they have of russian soldiers is more than 3000. that is why we are the

international red cross to come and take them, to bring them back to the russian federation and ukraine don't have the facility to keep all of them in our hospitals. we need hospitals for the immediate task. on the ukrainian side, approximately 200 casualties reported as of now but it is difficult to calculate right now. usually the numbers are coming each evening officially from the ministry of defence.— coming each evening officially from the ministry of defence. there was a fear that there _ the ministry of defence. there was a fear that there would _ the ministry of defence. there was a fear that there would be _ the ministry of defence. there was a fear that there would be a _ the ministry of defence. there was a fear that there would be a huge - fear that there would be a huge assault by the russians into the capital. again, what is your information about why, so far, we haven't seen the capital being taken by those russian troops? that haven't seen the capital being taken by those russian troops?— by those russian troops? that is very easy. _ by those russian troops? that is very easy. the — by those russian troops? that is very easy, the assault _ by those russian troops? that is very easy, the assault really - very easy, the assault really happened this night. i've been very happy. there have been different attempts. you need to understand that it attempts. you need to understand thatitis attempts. you need to understand that it is happening in three dimensions, one is heavy shelling. yesterday, one of the cruise missiles from the territory of belarus have been counted and captured by the ukrainian air

defence system. the second is power paratroopers and landing operations. they managed to break from the north. also, there are plenty of saboteurs, diverse groups. they have been captured by the security services just by regular citizens around kyiv. these three dimensions are happening. why not? determination of people, first of all, not only of the armed forces but also the territorial defence felt that it backed forces and regular citizens will stop yesterday, plenty of incidents reported. very attentive citizens, locals of kyiv, not only kyiv but in odesa and many other towns, captured those who are in civilian outfits trying to either put explosions or being putting special marking for shelling and other military purposes. the determination of

people is definitely... plus the military leadership. those in charge of the defence of kyiv, they are very well experienced and skilful generals, who had their experience in the anti—terrorist operation in the east. th in the anti-terrorist operation in the east. . in the anti-terrorist operation in the east. , ., ., ., , the east. in terms of ordinary men bein: the east. in terms of ordinary men being drafted _ the east. in terms of ordinary men being drafted in _ the east. in terms of ordinary men being drafted in to _ the east. in terms of ordinary men being drafted in to try _ the east. in terms of ordinary men being drafted in to try and - the east. in terms of ordinary men being drafted in to try and supportj being drafted in to try and support the military resistance by ukraine, i mean, how are those people being trained quickly to use weapons, if they've had no experience at all in they've had no experience at all in the past? they've had no experience at all in the ast? . , they've had no experience at all in the ast? , , i. ., the past? firstly, you need to understand — the past? firstly, you need to understand that _ the past? firstly, you need to understand that we _ the past? firstly, you need to understand that we have - the past? firstly, you need to i understand that we have several the past? firstly, you need to - understand that we have several ways of reserve. the armed forces of ukraine have their reserve. these people have been trained at the universities. when you are at university, you can have a special military class in some of the departments some of the miners at university. plus, you could train with the military university, the agreement during the weekends you have this training. that is one group. then you have those people

who signed contracts with the territorial defence forces starting from january. they have been trained each weekend how to use rifles, how to give first aid. all these basic things. and then you have veterans of the armed forces of the security forces. approximately 400,000 of them. many of them immediately returned back, either veterans or retired officers who joined. returned back, either veterans or retired officers whojoined. you have probably already heard on your news about these fantastic pilot who already shut down ten russian aeroplanes. this guy been in retirement and he returned back to the ukrainian air forces and now retirement and he returned back to the ukrainian airforces and now he is a national hero. but then you have just the volunteers, like members of parliament, just regular re—meat ukrainians. they are trying to get the basic trainings immediately on the ground —— just regular ukrainians. it also molotov cocktails orjust being attentive to this burst of operations, you just need determination and goodwill but

not a very special training. ok. not a very special training. ok, thank you- _ live now to geneva, and joung—ah ghedini—williams from the united nations high commissioner for refugees. tens commissioner for refugees. of thousands of refug| crossing tens of thousands of refugees crossing out of ukraine. thank you forjoining us. we have seen images in the last 24 hours of huge numbers of people trying to leave ukraine, women and children mostly. what is yoursense women and children mostly. what is your sense of the numbers, at the moment? , , , ., . ., , moment? they numbers are increasing exponentially. — moment? they numbers are increasing exponentially. it _ moment? they numbers are increasing exponentially, it is _ moment? they numbers are increasing exponentially, it is hard _ moment? they numbers are increasing exponentially, it is hard to _ moment? they numbers are increasing exponentially, it is hard to even - exponentially, it is hard to even keep up. just night before last, we accounted for about 50,000. by yesterday afternoon, it was 150,000. by yesterday afternoon, it was 150,000. by this morning it is over 200,000. and we know that there are long to enter the neighbouring countries,

fleeing ukraine. —— long queues to enter. we are hearing from them there are hundreds of thousands more on the move. that they can see. bud on the move. that they can see. and the queues — on the move. that they can see. and the queues are _ on the move. that they can see. and the queues are because people being checked at the borders? that's correct, everyone is being registered and received and, so far, there has been such tremendous openness and hospitality by all of the governments, but, also, iwould say by the communities. local communities are coming out, just rallying together, creating food banks, bringing all kinds of supplies that are needed to all of the families that are crossing throughout the region.- the families that are crossing throughout the region. what is your information about _ throughout the region. what is your information about which _ throughout the region. what is your information about which countries l information about which countries are seeing the biggest numbers and whether people will stay in those countries close to the border, may be hoping obviously to go back to ukraine or whether you think people will have to be dispersed, you know, through other nations in europe?

well, right