this is bbc news. welcome if you're watching here in the uk or around the globe. i'm lukwesa burak. our top stories... russia resumes its offensive in mariupol after a so—called ceasefire end. it was supposed to allow the evacuation of civilians but it wasn't observed. they continue to destroy mariupol. we decided to move our citizens back because it is not safe to be on the streets. just to know that they are alive. like, every time i close my eyes, i can see and hear my mum and hear the voice of my dad, and i don't know if i will hear them again. sorry... protests against russian occupation in ukraine have broken out in kherson, the only big city to have been captured so far.

ukraine's president, volodymyr zelensky, has been addressing the us senate by video link to appeal for more help. poland warns of a refugee crisis on an unimaginable scale, as thousands of people continue to flee the fighting in ukraine. ukraine and russia have accused each other of violating agreed ceasefires designed to provide humanitarian corridors for trapped civilians in the south of ukraine. the united nations says one and a half million people could have fled the country by the end of tomorrow. plans had been announced for two humanitarian corridors — allowing hundreds of thousands of residents to flee mariupol —

and the nearby city of volnovakha. but continuted fighting has meant they couldn't leave. meanwhile, president putin has warned that, any country imposing a no—fly zone over ukraine, will be considered to have joined the war. a third round of talks between moscow and kyiv will also be held on monday. well, ukrainian negotiators say they'll hold a third round of talks with russia on monday. but — in the capital, kyiv, fears of a russian advance are still high — heavy bombardments hit nearby towns including irpin, to the northwest. our international correspondent, orla guerin reports. this is the reality of russia's invasion. this man is watching his

family home go up in flames in the town of irpin, 16 miles from kyiv. no military targets here. just his beloved german shepherd being rescued by neighbours. and the belongings of a lifetime snatched from the flames. today, many were desperate to escape the shelling of irpin. they crossed the river on foot. a hurried rescue mission in an escalating war. they witness the exodus of frightened civilians streaming towards buses bound to the railway station in the capital, their only way out. among them, this mother with babe in arms. trying to console her daughter. leading the

mission, the former ukrainian president, petro poroshenko, marshalling the clouds. he's pleading with nato to reconsider and impose a no fly zone, for the sake of all those subjective devotion bombardment. —— although subjected to russian bombardment. you bombardment. -- although sub'ected to russian bombardmentfi bombardment. -- although sub'ected to russian bombardment. you can see all these peeple _ to russian bombardment. you can see all these people are _ to russian bombardment. you can see all these people are suffering - to russian bombardment. you can see all these people are suffering from - all these people are suffering from that and this is completely unacceptable and will be asking the no flying then this is exactly for these people and in this situation we need to protect them. catcher tells us yesterday _ we need to protect them. catcher tells us yesterday they _ we need to protect them. catcher tells us yesterday they shelled i we need to protect them. catcherl tells us yesterday they shelled day and night, hitting the hospital, the university, and the tax office. there shelling every day, she says.

in the distance here, you can see the smoke is still rising. you get a sense of what people are fleeing from. there is a steady stream of people coming here now, carrying their bags, their suitcases. some of them have their pets. they're taking just what they can carry and they are brushing for the buses to try and get out of here and get to safety. we won't let the enemy take ukraine, he vows. do you feel let down by nato? i’m ukraine, he vows. do you feel let down by nate?— ukraine, he vows. do you feel let down by nato? i'm not sure. i think, look, we down by nato? i'm not sure. i think, look. we count _ down by nato? i'm not sure. i think, look, we count on _ down by nato? i'm not sure. i think, look, we count on them. _ down by nato? i'm not sure. i think, look, we count on them. we - down by nato? i'm not sure. i think, look, we count on them. we still - look, we count on them. we still think that the chances not missing yet. think that the chances not missing et. ,, ~ , yet. explosion. overhead, the russian threat. _ yet. explosion. overhead, the russian threat. the _ yet. explosion. overhead, the russian threat. the capital- yet. explosion. overhead, the russian threat. the capitaljustj russian threat. the capitaljust halfway down the road. danger closing in every day. this video appears to show a russian helicopter shutdown north of kyiv. one small victory for ukraine against a

powerful enemy. orla guerin, bbc news, irpin. the israeli prime minister, naftali bennett, has met president putin in moscow to discuss the war in ukraine. no details of the meeting have been made public so far. israel is a close ally of the united states and has condemned the russian invasion. but it has also offered to mediate between moscow and kyiv. meanwhile president zelensky has been holding a behind closed door meeting with us senators via internet. let's get more on this from our washington correspondent david willis it was and this was the first opportunity to appeal directly to us lawmakers who are currently

considering a package of $10 billion of humanitarian aid to his country and he made this pledge to about 280 lawmakers, we are told, from both party, democrat and republican and mr zelensky made the call for additional air power, fighterjets additional air power, fighter jets and additional air power, fighterjets and drones. they have plenty, he said, of stinger missiles. what they need now is this fighterjets, soviet—era fighter jets which soviet—era fighterjets which ukrainian soviet—era fighter jets which ukrainian forces are trained to fly. where will they come from? most probably from poland, it would appear, because that is the country with most of these objects and it is possible that the us could replace them. certainly lawmakers made the point today that they would do everything they could to facilitate the issuing of those planes to ukraine but two other requests from volodymyr zelensky almost certainly likely to fall on deaf ears for the

simple reason that they've been ruled out for different reasons. a no—fly zone, mr zelensky repeated a call for that over ukraine. nato has already mixed such a plan for fear that its forces would then be drawn into this conflict. —— nixed. also a ban on the import of russian oil in the united states. the white house are reluctant to see that put into place for the simple reason that oil prices already rising here. inflation, of course, is it a 40 year high and the fear is that any ban on the import of energy supplies could only serve to force up the price of gas at the pumps. david, i wondered if— price of gas at the pumps. david, i wondered if you _ price of gas at the pumps. david, i wondered if you could _ price of gas at the pumps. david, i wondered if you could just - price of gas at the pumps. david, i wondered if you could just remind | price of gas at the pumps. david, i l wondered if you could just remind us of the rest of the aid, what other aid the us has pledged ukraine? there is a call from the white house for congress to provide 10 million

dollars of humanitarian aid to ukraine and an additional 350 million that didn't require approval from congress has already started to filter through and congress has gone away for the weekend without actually voting on that additional $10 billion but it is likely to receive bipartisan support. there is considerable support for volodymyr zelensky and the leadership he has shown here in the united states. indeed, one leading us lawmaker likened him to winston churchill. david willis in washington. in the ukrainian capital, there is still a sense of trepidation. our correspondent there, james waterhouse, has been giving geeta guru—murthy the latest. it's been a picture of calm, to be honest with you.

we've had three air raid sirens this morning, but it's another morning where it's still. there are even fewer people that we can see from our vantage point here on the street. you see armed volunteers stood next to professional soldiers on checkpoints and barricades in streets across the city, and you can't help but wonder, do they know what awaits them on the outskirts of the city? that ito—mile long armoured convoy 30 kilometres north remains in situ. army chiefs expect it to be joined by russian reinforcements working their way down. but, equally, you wonder if the invaders know what awaits them if or when they arrive here in the capital city, because what is happening across ukraine is that ukrainians are fighting back. this is why we talk on the tenth day of this conflict where one city so far, only one major city has fallen. that said, there is intense fighting continuing, certainly in mariupol in the south—east. that is the last major location that separates advancing russian forces

from crimea and separatist—held territories in the luhansk and donetsk regions in eastern ukraine. and the worry is, is that those forces will then link up. also, uk officials reckon other cities are also falling under siege to russian troops. kharkiv in the east — another day there of intense fighting and shelling. chernihiv and sumy to the north—east as well. and the worry is that these forces will link up and more cities will fall, allowing russian troops to then enclose on their ultimate prize in this so—called special military operation, the capital. and james, we keep hearing about the potential strength of the russians. is it clear yet why that convoy is still stuck, why they haven't brought, you know, strongerforces in, why they haven't used more air power? western officials say part of russia's planning in this invasion has been poor, they say.

they're talking about supply lines, replenishing fuel and food to troops as they move in, because it's a sizeable country and it needs that kind of infrastructure. the other suggestion is that some of the equipment has failed. so vehicles are getting stuck in the mud. but what we have to remember here is that russia has far deeper military reserves than the ukrainian defenders. and what we are seeing, and army chiefs reckon, russian troops are moving south from the direction of the border with belarus, bypassing cities that have seen heavy fighting, and just because that convoy is remaining in situ, no—one is relaxing. and the worry is, what we are seeing in these other ukrainian cities will soon happen here. now, president zelensky has asked nato for a no—fly zone. he wants western allies to police the skies and help him repel this russian advance, this sizeable russian advance.

but what western leaders are saying is, if that was to happen, if you had german, french or british jets in the sky shooting on russian planes, then you would have a much larger conflict, notjust in ukraine, but across the whole of europe. and interestingly, the uk defence secretary said, actually, a no—fly zone, he made the point, or the case, that that would actually play into russia's hands because of its superior artillery. but president zelensky has got a big zoom meeting with the us senate today to ask for more help. he's going to talk about limiting the supply of russian gas, so he's trying to pull out all the stops, as he has done for the last few days, in this unprecedented conflict. that was james watt hour speaking to my colleague peter geeta guru—murthy in kyiv and now we can go from the capital to western ukraine.

and yalda joins us now live from lviv in western ukraine. how has it been with that might justify what is taking place. you are close to the border, and you? —— just describe what is taking place. we see people arriving here with airbags carrying whatever worldly possessions they can with their children and i spoke to a young man today who was about 20 years old and said he had arrived from kyiv and he had driven his mother to the polish border and she said she didn't want to leave what he knew she had to because things can get really bad and they do expect the situation here to get from bad to worse. he said he said goodbye to his mother and he was a film director and had never had any kind of military training and it is now finding himself in a position where he is going to have tojoin himself in a position where he is going to have to join some himself in a position where he is going to have tojoin some kind of patrol group or do some kind of training to defend my nation and this is really the story of so many

families here in ukraine where families here in ukraine where families have been torn apart, women have been forced to leave this country and the men have been. stay because of course that is the nature of martial law. men between the ages of martial law. men between the ages of 18 and 60 remains hoof defend the country. i of 18 and 60 remains hoof defend the count . ., �* i. of 18 and 60 remains hoof defend the count . ., �* ,, ., ., of 18 and 60 remains hoof defend the count . ., �* ., ., ., country. i don't if you have had a conversation _ country. i don't if you have had a conversation with _ country. i don't if you have had a conversation with a _ country. i don't if you have had a conversation with a gentleman i country. i don't if you have had a l conversation with a gentleman you have just been telling us about about being supplied with the ammunition needed to fight. did you get anything about that conversation regarding that? he get anything about that conversation regarding that?— regarding that? he doesn't really know what needs _ regarding that? he doesn't really know what needs to _ regarding that? he doesn't really know what needs to happen - regarding that? he doesn't reallyj know what needs to happen now. regarding that? he doesn't really. know what needs to happen now. i asked him, where you going to go, where we are going to get your training? he said i have to sign up and then expect to go do some border patrols. he said i got no idea what to do or how to do it. he's never worn a uniform in his life and all of this is very new to him. he doesn't know where the eye munitions are going to come from and who are

supplying them. he expects his leaders to determine that an supply that and we saw overnight president zelensky expressed his frustration and anger nato saying that they were weak and that the bombs but now fall on ukrainian villages and homes and towns and families, children and women, he said, that nato members will have blood on their hands. very harsh words there from president zelensky who is now getting extremely desperate. ten days into this conflict and no respite in sight. this conflict and no respite in siuht. ~ ., ., this conflict and no respite in sirht.~ ., ., ., ._ ,, ., ., , sight. what do ordinary ukrainians make of the _ sight. what do ordinary ukrainians make of the discussion _ sight. what do ordinary ukrainians make of the discussion taking - sight. what do ordinary ukrainiansl make of the discussion taking place around nato? make of the discussion taking place around nate?— make of the discussion taking place around nato?_ around nato? they say they want a no-fly zone — around nato? they say they want a no-fly zone and — around nato? they say they want a no-fly zone and fully _ around nato? they say they want a no-fly zone and fully support - around nato? they say they want a no-fly zone and fully support their| no—fly zone and fully support their president and ist ukrainian government minister yesterday about this. i said are you giving false help to your population because nato has made it very clear for many weeks now that they will not put

troops on the ground, that they will not impose a no—fly zone because they fear that that will create a greater conflict here in europe and the ordinary people, he says that they want the bombs to stop, but if there is this call for unity from nato members they are trying to show solidarity to their president and the ukrainian people. sanctions are not enough. sanctions are not stopping the bombs. sanctions are not stopping vladimir putin. sanctions are not stopping this war. they want more to be done and the answer is that as a no—fly zone. just want to talk about what is taking place in mariupol because we were expecting that humanitarian corridors to open and that has now been confirmed as over. in fact, we have had confirmation from the ministry that the fighting has now resumed. in terms of the strategic importance of malleable can you just lay that out. please? the

importance of malleable can you 'ust lay that out. please?i lay that out. please? the fighting actually never _ lay that out. please? the fighting actually never stopped. _ lay that out. please? the fighting actually never stopped. the - lay that out. please? the fighting i actually never stopped. the russian defence ministry in the early hours of this morning put out a statement through the russian media saying that there would be a ceasefire, corridor where people could get out of the fighting and ukrainian government says about 200,000 people are trapped and need to get out. this this is a city in the town with about 450,000 people and people desperate to get away from the shelling. they have got nothing left and yet the fighting, the shelling continues. i spoke to the deputy mayor of mariupol earlier today and he said to us we've got 50 buses on standby to get into the city and yet we don't trust that this ceasefire has actually come into place so we're going to wait until we put people in harms way. about half an hour after that he said there was again here on bbc news that the

shelling has continued, the highways, people are facing filing from russian forces and so they didn't want to endanger people. —— firing. they put out a statement and said to be able to take shelter, disperse and wait until there is more information for an evacuation so in terms of that window for a humanitarian corridor closing, that actually didn't take place in russia has now confirmed also in the last half—hour that fighting has resumed in mariupol so another intense heavy, desperately devastating night for the citizens there but in terms of the significance of mariupol it is one of the most strategic port towns of ukraine. it is also a land corridor that will be created, a land bridge that will connect crimea into mariupol and so that really cuts off a loss of the commercial trade that takes place and although there is the larger port of 0desa

and concerns that fighting will begin there and there will be some kind of military assault on a dresser as well and i spoke to the mayor of 0desa said they are preparing and planning for that and if odesa, the extremely strategic port town is cut off that will make the situation extremely difficult for ukraine because it will, in effect, become landlocked so when you look at the map currently and you look at the map currently and you can find that on our website you can see the country almost becoming in circles. fighting is in the north, the east, the south, ports are being battered and we had that column of troops slowly but surely approaching the capital and that in itself is extremely terrifying for the people of kyiv who are waiting on certain when this convoy of russian forces will arrive. there are all sorts of rumours that they're getting caught up in the mud, running out of fuel, but it is

like the sort of horror waiting, lurching, slowly. everyday we hear that they have reached a little bit more closer to the capital and the people of the capital feel encircled.— people of the capital feel encircled. . . ., ~ people of the capital feel encircled. . . w ., ~ encircled. yalda hakim, thank you very much — encircled. yalda hakim, thank you very much indeed. _ encircled. yalda hakim, thank you very much indeed. speaking - encircled. yalda hakim, thank you very much indeed. speaking to - encircled. yalda hakim, thank you very much indeed. speaking to us| very much indeed. speaking to us from lviv. this week we've heard repeated calls from the ukrainian president for nato to impose a no—fly—zone over ukraine — something the alliance has consistently refused to contemplate. our security correspondent gordon corera explains the reasons why. russian aircraft had been in the skies over ukraine, outnumbering defenders. that's led to calls for what's known as a no—fly zone to prevent them posing a threat. so far, the western military alliance nato

has been reluctant to use its air power to impose such a zone, in which other planes would be told not to fly over ukraine. why the reluctance? the concern is that, in practice, a no—fly zone carries real risks. if the russians flyjets like these into ukrainian airspace, then nato planes would directly engage them in combat in the skies. but it also means taking out threats on the ground to nato planes so they can enforce the zone, so potentially attacking russian surface—to—air missile sites, and russia has advanced s400 systems which could, in theory, shoot down nato planes even from over the border in belarus. nato has been building up its air power in the region but its secretary general yesterday ruled out a no—fly zone because of the risk it would lead to conflict with russia. our assessment is that we understand the desperation, but we also believe that, if we did that, we would end up with something that could end

in a full—fledged war in europe. and today, vladimir putin issued a direct warning to any country which might be used as a base for a no—fly zone. translation: any movement in this direction will be considered _ by us as a participation in the armed conflict. there have been no—fly zones before. in the early 1990s, one was imposed over parts of iraq to protect civilians, but moscow is a very different adversary. as the russian military continues to inflict this kind of devastation on ukraine, the call for some kind of action are likely to intensify, but for the moment the chance of that including a no—fly zone seems remote. gordon corera, bbc news. as we've been hearing,

around 200,000 people are desperate to leave mariupol in the south of the country, but their exit to safety has been stalled. if and when russian forces take the city, they will effectively cut ukraine off from the black sea. our eastern europe correspondent, sarah rainsford, is in the town of zaporizhzhia, whose nucler power plant was targeted by russian troops earlier this week, and where evacuees from mariupol are being taken. this enormous pile of clothing, worn clothes here, has been brought by the people of zaporizhzhia to this collection point because they were told that they were expecting a huge flow of families to come here from mariupol in the south, where there's been really heavy fighting for days now, so they've brought blankets, they brought bedding. hot dinners have been prepared by local businesspeople. they've brought fresh fruit and vegetables, too — all of it for the large number of families they were expecting to arrive here, but that humanitarian corridor

that was supposed to be set up today never happened. so what you've got in here — look at this — this is the city circus ring, and the authorities had laid out mattresses and pillows. they thought that people could have a rest here, take a few moments before they carried on to be housed in hostels, student hostels and schools in safety. but it hasn't been used. what's happened is the mayor of mariupol has said that the humanitarian corridor was impossible to set up because the russian forces carried on firing. they said it was far too dangerous for people to get in the evacuation buses and to try to drive to safety. he said that there are still negotiations going on between the russians and ukrainians and that, when it is safe and when it is possible, they will get people on those buses and they will get them to places like this. but, for the moment, all of this is prepared, all of it's ready — but there's no one here. that was sarah rainsford.

nearly a thousand international students are trapped in a number of hostels in sumy, one of ukraine's conflict zones. they say they have nowhere to go, no food and no water and are fearing for their lives. they have sent a desperate plea to the indian government to help save them. let's just show you some of that video. translator: in order to go, we'll need to exit the hostel, | and there are snipers outside everywhere. every 30 minutes to one hour there's shelling and air strikes. it's freezing outside — as you can see, it's sub—zero temperatures outside. how do we step out when it's freezing outside? the government of india, to rescue us from here. we fear we will die here, we'll die if we step out. please help us, government of india. we don't have food, we don't have access to water.

please help us. that was one of the indian students but there are a variety of nationalities who were attending university in sumy. i spoke to ellen, a third year medical student from tanzania who is also currently stuck in sumy, along with 500—700 other students from africa. for security reasons, she has asked us not to show her face and only use herfirst name. this is what she told me. we are waking up in the morning by alarms and those alarms are bombs, shells. we don't have food. two days ago or actually one day ago power went off. some hostels have water, some have electricity, some don't have electricity, some don't have water. so it is a very big challenge. you don't have water, you don't have a look to the tee, and you don't know what is going to happen next. there is no food.

speaking of food, the supermarkets have no supplies and any time, any moment, it is going to get so bad. seeking of medicine some students are asthmatic, diabetic. we go to the pharmacies is a certain curfew time and then there is no medicine and anything can happen if there is no help. we need help, that's it. we were stuck here. we didn't ask for this. we need to be helped. every student is looking for a different means to get out in every kind of way but then there is no way. we are asking for the humanitarian, for every kind of green corridor, whatever it is, we need help to leave sumy. we are tired and even if it is from today, even as it is from tomorrow, it is getting cold and if

it is getting cold, there is no food, what is next? there is no light. there is no water. we are scared. we have a psychological breakdown right now, mental breakdown.— breakdown right now, mental breakdown. . ., ., breakdown. ellen. ellen, i can hear ou are breakdown. ellen. ellen, i can hear you are upset? _ breakdown. ellen. ellen, i can hear you are upset? are _ breakdown. ellen. ellen, i can hear you are upset? are you _ breakdown. ellen. ellen, i can hear you are upset? are you 0k - breakdown. ellen. ellen, i can hear you are upset? are you 0k to - breakdown. ellen. ellen, i can hear you are upset? are you 0k to carryj you are upset? are you 0k to carry on? are you all right to carry on talking? on? are you all right to carry on talkin: ? , u, ., ., on? are you all right to carry on talkin: ? , ., ., , , on? are you all right to carry on talkina? , ., ., , ,m talking? yes, we can go on, yes. 0k. let me ask — talking? yes, we can go on, yes. 0k. let me ask you _ talking? yes, we can go on, yes. 0k. let me ask you the _ talking? yes, we can go on, yes. 0k. let me ask you the next _ talking? yes, we can go on, yes. 0k. let me ask you the next question, i let me ask you the next question, ellen. if you'd like me to stop any point, let me know. have you spoken your parents, alan?— point, let me know. have you spoken your parents, alan?_ and | your parents, alan? yes, i had. and what are they _ your parents, alan? yes, i had. and what are they saying _ your parents, alan? yes, i had. and what are they saying to _ your parents, alan? yes, i had. and what are they saying to you? - your parents, alan? yes, i had. and what are they saying to you? they l what are they saying to you? they are worried. _ what are they saying to you? they are worried, so _ what are they saying to you? they are worried, so i _ what are they saying to you? they are worried, so i need _ what are they saying to you? they are worried, so i need to - what are they saying to you? tue: are worried, so i need to be what are they saying to you? tte: are worried, so i need to be strong for them, which so far i can do. ease for them, which so far i can do. eve described how _ for them, which so far i can do. eve described how powerless the situation is. how much longer do you think you can actually stay where you are as it is? we think you can actually stay where you are as it is?— think you can actually stay where you are as it is? we don't want to stay longer- _ you are as it is? we don't want to stay longer- we _ you are as it is? we don't want to stay longer. we are _ you are as it is? we don't want to stay longer. we are tired - you are as it is? we don't want to stay longer. we are tired of- you are as it is? we don't want toj stay longer. we are tired of going to the bunkers. we have been going to the bunkers. we have been going

to the bunkers morning and evening and it's so much darkness inside there. we are lost in our own thoughts. 11 days. 11 days from the one we are going down! silence have become normal to us. what kind of life is that? we need help. we need actions to take us to places where we can sleep knowing that tomorrow we can sleep knowing that tomorrow we are not going to wake up thinking about bombs shelling somewhere. we are going to hear different voices. we are scared. are going to hear different voices. we are scared-— are going to hear different voices. we are scared. ellen, a student at sumy university- _ our correspondent, kasia madera, is on the poland—ukraine border for us. it's just a huge movement of people. if you just put it into context how many people are travelling in such a short space of time. this is korczowa, yet another bus that has come just from the border. these people have made the crossing into poland

and now they're being asked to come off the bus so that they can go inside and just get a little bit warmed up. bear in mind what these people have gone through. they've just crossed the border into poland and all of theirjourneys to get to this stage have been long, exhausting and uncertain. so the first arrival, the first time that they can come off and just reassess their situation. the children, the overwhelming number of children are being greeted by volunteers. there are hundreds and hundreds of volunteers doing exactly this across the length of this chain of... this area, which was once a car park and has been turned into this emergency situation, a meeting point where people can just get off and then think about what it is that they do next. now, next to us is a huge, huge warehouse, and it's where they have arranged an emergency place where people can get a bit of sleep.

and the us secretary of state, anthony blinken, who has been in warsaw talking to the polish prime minister, mateusz morawiecki. just a short time ago, he was here. he went inside this enormous warehouse to see for himself how the people that have just crossed over from ukraine, how they are. just going to bring. let me show you these live pictures from tel aviv. hundreds of ukrainians, israelis, and russians have gathered in tel aviv, near the russian embassy on saturday to protest against the russian military invasion into ukraine, calling on president vladimir putin to stop the war. just to put you in context the prime minister naftali bennett has actually been speaking to president putin today. he travelled to moscow. highly significant because he had to break shabbat in order to make that

journey to moscow. spoke to president putin and also after spoke to president zelensky as well. now on bbc news, we look back at the last week of events in ukraine in a special programme — seven days the changed the world. ukraine wakes after a night of explosions.

this is the capital city, kyiv. people are on high alert, tension is high — but it's eerily quiet. then... siren wails. recognise the whole of luhansk and donetsk which represents... we have just heard a siren go off for the first time, we haven't heard that before. this is a very worrying morning for people in the capital city and beyond. this is what the fear had been all along. after weeks of uncertainty, russia's president, vladimir putin, addressed the nation around 6am moscow time. translation: we will strive for demilitarisation _ and denazification of ukraine. russia cannot feel safe, developed and exist with a constant threat emanating from the territory of modern ukraine. vladimir putin declares war on ukraine. over the next 20 minutes, we'll look back at a week

that changed history, with bbcjournalists on the ground across ukraine and russia. orla guerin was in ukraine's capital as it came under siege. a day has changed everything for ukraine, and for security in europe. ukrainians were not safe in their own homes. here, the aftermath of a strike on a block of flats in kharkiv, ukraine's second city. missile fragments now on display in the playground. like many here, natalya is trying to comprehend what has befallen ukraine, trying to work out how to protect her two—year—old. translation: we're shocked. we're totally shocked. we are afraid for our

children, for our families. as russian attacks grow in intensity, western leaders impose sanctions and condemn the violence. putin is the aggressor. putin chose this war. and now he and his country will bear the consequences. it's vital for the safety of every nation that putin's squalid venture should ultimately fail and be seen to fail. the un security council held a surreal emergency session to discuss the actions of one of its own. don't ask me questionsj when you are speaking. the current council president, a russian. as the secretary—general called for peace. president putin, stop your troops from attacking ukraine. give peace a chance. too many people have already died. while leaders discussed, armed convoys rolled across ukraine. silence quickly became

the norm for many here. in this year, 2022, the most advanced of intelligence, the worst of warnings, the most intense of diplomacy couldn't make president putin blink. international norms are being shut out. the architecture of all our lives... siren wails. and a siren to remind you that war has come to kyiv, in a european capital, in a city, that is going right round the world. in moscow, hundreds took to the streets. "no to war," they chanted, determined to make their voices heard. but they were silenced. many were arrested. overnight brought no respite. more attacks before dawn, as ukrainian anti—aircraft batteries

intercept a missile over the capital. as the assault closes in on kyiv, 2.5 million civilians suddenly on the front line. russia says it's not targeting civilians, but this is what happens when you fire missiles at a capital city. paul adams walked among the empty streets of kyiv. in 24 hours, these streets have almost completely emptied. it is increasingly dangerous to go out. ukrainians have warned that russian soldiers could be operating inside the city, perhaps even in stolen ukrainian vehicles. pressure on the government is mounting all the time. most people here believe the russians simply want to get rid of it. for ukraine's president, speaking again to his people, this is a lonely fight. translation: this morning, we are alone in defending our country. - just like yesterday, the most powerful forces in the world watched from afar. have yesterday's sanctions

persuaded russia? we see in our skies and feel on the ground they are not enough. many residents have taken cover on the ground. they sing. now we have come to the building where the bomb shelters now we have come to the building where the bomb shelter is, - and we're trying to stay here. it's pretty crowded. people get their dogs and cats - and kids and we're hearing the news about possible attacks in this district. - attacks are spreading across the country. in mariupol in the southeast, destruction. in sumy in the northeast, battles rage. here in the capital, horror as a tank drives over a car.

incredibly, the driver survived. the outbreak of war means the once unthinkable is suddenly normal. ukraine's president volodymyr zelensky sends a rallying cry, as everyday ukrainians take to the battle line. we are all here, our soldiers are here, the citizens are here and we are here. we defend our independence. that's how it will go. glory to our defenders, both male and female, glory to ukraine. but many also try to flee. thousands flood train stations, like this one in kyiv. a warning shot sounds out as people desperately tried to escape the conflict via any means possible. be it by car, foot, or by train, people head for the borders. fergal keane was in lviv. here, people run for the train station as the sirens ring out. they look for shelter and for a means of escape. platforms overflowing

with people wanting to get out. this is hard to credit, to believe, in the europe of 2022. people are just crushing all around me trying to get onto these trains. a woman, a young mother with a baby there screaming because everyone's getting crushed. their hope is that the train would help them avoid this. the line of cars to the polish border. their hope is that the train would help them avoid this. the line of cars to the polish border. those people are moving on foot down towards the border with poland, but it's another 20 kilometers from where we are at the moment. we just need to move out of the way and let more people pass us here. they're coming. a constant procession of people. however they arrive at the border, this slow shuffle out of the lives they knew is what awaits.

despite russia's military might, ukraine holds firm. but the worry from of western officials is this, if president putin of russia doesn't get the quick victory that many predicted and the one he wants, then the worry is that he might resort to more drastic measures to achieve his goal. to quote one official, he said for him, this is no longer a war of choice, but of necessity. this is what kyiv awoke to. all of this disruption in a residential area. authorities say it was a russian missile strike which killed two people. the streets of kyiv are empty. a city braced for impact. volodymyr zelensky appears on the city's deserted streets, reassuring the nation. "i am here," he says, "and we will not lay down our arms." far from it.

we found ukrainians taking up arms, forming volunteer brigades to defend the city alongside local police. this volunteer says, "i don't want to live in russia and my brothers in arms don't want that either. we will defend this city or i will die." across the country, groups formed to make home—made petrol bombs. many unite in the face of continuing russian advance, keen to defend their homeland. it's just too dangerous above ground. we've all had to come down, the bbc team here, to shelter underground. it's been clear throughout the day that the increasing level of military ordnance going off quite a few miles away, but getting closer and closer to our position here, it's simply too dangerous

to be above ground. i think what needs to be remembered is this is the experience now for millions of people across this country. let's get into that a little bit more with our chief international correspondent, lyse doucet. this is a city, kyiv, capital cityjust under three million people, well over 40 million people across this country. this is their experience of this war. ukraine is now a subterranean world, life is lived for millions of people across this country in basements like this, in car parks, in bomb shelters, wherever they can find shelter. the metro station has stopped working in kyiv because it's now a 24—hour refuge, and a curfew is in force, curfew, but a curfew which will last until 8am on monday. that was the first warning we heard today that something was about to happen, and in the last hour there's there's been

electricity in the air. the air raid sirens have sounded. there's been explosions, rattle of gunfire and an urgency to the warnings, take to the shelters. this comes after an order for moscow to its forces to advance in all directions against kyiv. there is no let up in fighting. 0n the streets of kharkiv, a grim warning of what is to come if the conflict doesn't stop. russian troops roll in, but the ukrainian defence forces fight on. putin takes his next move. the world stops. war in ukraine and now russia's nuclear forces on special alert. russian state tv announce "our submarines alone are capable of launching more than 500 nuclear warheads guaranteed to destroy america and all of nato."

so what is this, brinkmanship? something more or something less? empty threats? but i think after the dramatic events we've seen in recent days, it would be unwise to dismiss these signals from the kremlin. a pointed message to the west — don't push russia. president putin summoned his military chiefs and gave them an order. translation: top officials of leading nato countries i are making aggressive statements about our country. therefore, i'm ordering the minister of defense and the chief of the general staff to put the strategic nuclear forces on special alert. would putin really use them? he practised a week ago overseeing exercises of russia's strategic deterrence forces. typically unsubtle hints to america and nato not to stand in his way over ukraine. this is now an age

of wartime leaders. a former ukrainian prime minister posts an online tutorial on how to make petrol bombs. they only create small explosions. across ukraine, military powers are creating much bigger impacts. nick beake looked on from the capital, kyiv. the explosions get louder as the russians draw ever nearer. seizing this european capital while the world looks on is for now president putin's prime objective. and everyone living here simply has no idea just how much force he's prepared to use to do that and just how many people could die. children in the capital play in an underground world, mirroring the gruesome reality of what's unfolding above them.

overnight, now upsettingly familiar crackle of gunfire for many in ukraine. the reality of life in a country at war sounding throughout the night. this is the quietest we've seen the centre of kyiv, and this is being replicated in cities across the country. ukraine's defense has been both surprising and extraordinary, but it is still the underdog and russia is still making gains. at the largest pediatric center in ukraine, staff are used to battling disease. now they have to adjust to war. doctors say they have enough supplies, but the world health organization warns if the situation gets worse, oxygen supplies could run out. outside, ill children wait with their worried mothers to be transferred to poland for cancer treatment no longer available here. this boy is facing a risky journey with his mother.

i'll be frank, i'm scared, but i can see another way to escape, so we have to do this. every day, sirens sound the ukrainians run underground underground or for shelter — car parks, basements and bunkers become home to millions across the country. sarah rainsford saw first—hand the reality of conditions people face. this bomb shelter, this bunker was built beneath a factory in the soviet union. it was supposed to be used in the event of a nuclear attack, and now it's being used in modern day ukraine to keep people safe. when the sirens wail again. there has been no attack on dnipro yet, but suddenly the danger feels close. alina and yuri spent last night here.

she says it's scary, he tells me he was shaking the first time. we don't understand why russia is attacking us. they say they want to protect us, but from what we're just hiding now. we don't need their protection. people in areas like this and now spending their nights in bomb shelters, the fighting hasn't come here yet, but people are extremely worried already. back in kyiv, the air raid sirens are wailing again. there've been reports about foreign students not being allowed on trains. in these hard times, ijust hope it doesn't matter who's indian, who's pakistani, russian, ukrainian, we all are those people. we have certain human rights. so i guess in these hard times, we should just help each other and co operate. and that's all. already, there are queues for food, some wondering how long it will be until supplies start to run out day five of the invasion and ukraine still resists. but there are fears kyiv could be put under siege.

one more russian missile strike brings terror to the streets of kyiv. the target — kyiv�*s tv tower. emergency services say five people were killed. and more firepower is closing in. more uncertainty for a city already under intense strain. aerial photography reveals a convoy around 40 miles long headed for the capital. whether people have been taking shelter below ground or taking up weapons above it, they will have all seen the pictures from other locations in this vast country of what is happening. volunteers from all walks of life continue to come forward to defend their country, not entirely sure of what they're signing up for. igor, a lawyer, now mans a lookout post. yeah, so a week ago, i was representing my cases

in a courtroom. and now... it's difficult to grasp. but if you don't think about it and simply do what, you have to do it, it actually feels pretty already normal. i mean, have you ever held a gun in your hands before? at school, we've trained to deal with these sort of things, but i have never dealt with it and never even shot a gun or a pistol. the new architecture of kyiv — tank traps and barricades made from whatever is at hand, a city watching on as ukraine's second city, kharkiv comes under fire. a strike right at the heart of the city. russia says it's not targeting civilians here. it says it's using

precision missiles. it claims it's liberating ukraine from nazis, but russia has invaded its neighbor and it is killing civilians. ukraine's president calls it the price forfreedom. it's tangible just how enormous that price is. we are fighting, just for our land and for ourfreedom. a show of solidarity from the european parliament, a standing ovation. then the president was off to lead the defence of his country. below ground in our bomb shelter, the adrenaline has run out. people are visibly tired, visibly upset from everything that's going on, and when you come up, it's this — empty. and you can feel the tension.

moscow has urged people living here to leave as it lists new targets, but for so many people that's not an option. in broad daylight — dangerjust outside the window. this is a town about 25 miles from kyiv. as russians advance towards the city, they leave a trail of destruction. they know nothing about our capital, about our history. but they have an order to erase our history, to erase our country, to erase us all. west of kyiv, the target may have been an air base nearby, but family homes have been destroyed. 0leg stands calmly in the rubble, but he has lost his wife.

"she was the light of my life," he says. "she was the best thing that's happened to me. but i'm trying to keep myself together because of one reason — i still have parents and a daughter." they are telling people to stay inside. shooting in the air, you hear the sounds, a glimpse of street to street fighting on the black sea. russia appears to have captured the port city. in the capital, seven days on from the start of war, sirens wail, they echo the fear and dread many in kyiv feel. people wait nervous for the future a week that has changed the world forever. nothing is certain in the days, weeks or months ahead. the people of ukraine wait as the world watches on.

most of the sunshine today in northern and scotland. much cloudier picture coming in from our weather watcher is in eastern and southern parts of england. damp, drizzly, breezy, feeling quite cold. no cloud from a weather front which has been hanging around for quite some time, gradually pushing in further west and beginning to decay. overnight will take more cloud across one of the midlands, parts of wales and south—west england. still some parts of light rain and drizzle

around. where there is cloud, temperatures will be holding just above freezing. coldest in rural parts of northern —— northern ireland and scotland. plenty of sunshine around. for wales and england, some sunny spells, but through the southern half of england and south wales, they will still be some thick areas of cloud, some patchy light rain and drizzle. it does look like a brighter day across the eastern side of england compared to today. the north—easterly wind will be stronger, have more of a chilling effect. where there is a lot of sunshine temperatures could be a degree or so down compared to today. into monday, clark and things today. into monday, clark and things to break—up across southern areas will stop more in the way of clear spells, more in no way of a touch of frost. they lose temperatures into rural scotland and northern england on monday morning. monday looking

like another quiet day with high pressure close by. a breezy picture in the west, some cloud drifting south to north across the uk. most places are looking dry. still feeling quite chilly, particularly in the breeze. from mid week onwards a lot of uncertainty about the day today detail but the overall pattern looks as if high patient moves away, no pressure from the atlantic starts to move in. with that we are more likely to see some outbreaks of rain moving in, a windier picture in the west, but also of that things turning milder.

this is bbc news — welcome if you're watching here in the uk or around the globe. our top stories... russia resumes its offensive in mariupol after a so—called ceasefire ends. it was supposed to allow the evacuation of civilians but it wasn't observed. they continue to destroy mariupol. we decided to move our citizens back because it is not safe to be on the streets. just to know that they are alive. like, every time i close my eyes, i can see and hear my mum and hear the voice of my dad, and i don't know if i will hear them again. sorry... protests against russian occupation in ukraine have broken out in kherson, the only big city to have been captured so far.

ukraine's president, volodymyr zelensky, has been