hello, i'm nuala mcgovern, this is outside source. russian attacks on cities are continuing — despite the offer from russia to create safe escape routes. people queue for hours to escape — but the proposed humanitarian corridors will take people to russia and its ally belarus. in the last several days more strikes have killed and wounded civilians as they try to leave the cities that are being surrounded. residents in the town of irpin, just north of kyiv, are trying to survive the intense bombardment. the ukrainian president is furious. this is a difficultjourney every step of the way. especially for older people trying to pick their way out across rubble and concrete,

having to balance on bits of wood. oil prices hit their highest in almost 14 years — after the us flags a potential ban on russian supplies with other countries — but european leaders are reluctant to turn off the taps — just yet. and what does assembl mean? and why is it appearing on russian tanks and at protest. we will find out. welcome to the programme. a ceasefire was due to come into force today in parts of ukraine, to allow civilians to leave areas beseiged by russian military forces. but the two sides cannot agree on what a safe route is. moscow said it would open humanitarian corridors to allow the evacuation of civilians from several ukrainian cities — but only to russia or belarus. that prospect has been branded �*immoral�* by ukraine. this is one of the country's

deputy prime ministers. translation: we demand that the | russian federation stop manipulating and abusing the trust of world leaders and open the routes we have indicated. we demand that they accept our routes and establish a cease—fire. i appeal to president macron, prime ministerjohnson, president biden to help open real, effective humanitarian corridors that will save the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. let's take a closer look at what exactly is being proposed here. the corridor from kyiv will lead to belarus — which is an ally of russia. civilians from kharkiv will only have a corridor leading to russia. corridors from the cities of mariupol and sumy will lead both to other ukrainian cities and to russia. it's been met with condemnation by french president emmanuel macron. he says...

this is what the russian defence ministry said earlier today. translation: today the 7th of march | starting at 10am moscow time russia | has declared a cease—fire to open six humanitarian corridors. the first is from kyiv, there are two more from mariupol one is from kharkiv and there are two two belgrade and others. detailed information about these humanitarian corridors was given to the ukrainian side in advance as well as a dedicated entity of the united nation, the osce and international committees of the red cross. com pletely completely different com pletely different ta kes completely different takes on the humanitarian corridors. completely different takes on the humanitarian corridors. let's take a closer look at the areas under russian control. you can see them labelled here in red. the port of mariupol — where tens of thousands of civilians are trapped —

is especially important as it ensures ukraine's access to the black sea. but the main concentration of russian forces is still around kyiv and there are fresh warnings from ukraine authorities of an all—out assault on the capital. here's our chief international correspondent lyse doucet in kyiv. there is a fear that this is a conflict that will never end. because so many believed in the run—up to this invasion that simply wouldn't happen and it did. many people believed that russia would not try to attack historic cities full of meaning, sacred meaning for both russians and ukrainians would not come under attack. but tonight we're hearing that the beautiful city of odesa on

the black sea coast which is described as a place of operators and beaches and skin and a long and storied history is now coming under attack. people are asking would president putin order his forces to establish a city like kyiv, so full of risk because ukrainians will put up a defence both soldiers and civilians? so full of history, precious history to both russians and ukrainians. every day which goes by this war becomes more and more terrifying. this is one expert's assessment on russia's military strategy. what we see is 12 days of initial war russia doesn't seem to have accomplished their initial gains or at least the assumptions they have that they could push through very easy into ukraine territory

capture or seize land very quickly and then create fete complete. this is not happened. recent days have seen intense shelling in areas to the north—west of kyiv. this is from one of the affected cities — irpin. 2,000 civilians have reportedly been evacuated from there. some residents there were forced to cross a river using planks — after a bridge was destroyed. we also know that at least four people, from the same family, were killed as they tried to reach safety. this was the ukrainian president's reaction to that. translation: we will not forgive |the shooting of unarmed people, | destruction of our infrastructure, we will not forgive. hundreds and hundreds of victims, thousands and thousands suffering and god will not forgive, not today, not tomorrow, never. instead of forgiveness there will be a day ofjudgment. russia has been targeting the city of kharkiv with air strikes that president zelensky has called war crimes. these pictures show the aftermath of a missile bombing there today. let's hearfrom nataliya zubar who is in kharkiv with more

on the impact of the constant shelling. it's horrible, i experienced it myself, the bomb hit about last, big air bomb was hit historical building where a beautiful near the _ city council. one km away from me. i can tell you, everything is shattered all around. the historic area, although blast is almost all the windows broke in, the doors are broken. the people who experience such an intense shelling for so many days, they are all victims of a war crime. we know that there have been many civilian casualties — this is the un's estimate. since the russian invasion began, 406 civilians have been killed. that includes 27 children. an additional 801 people have been injured. the us secretary of state, antony blinken, had this to say.

in the last several days more strikes have killed and wounded civilians as they tried to leave the cities that are being surrounded by russian forces. women and children, the elderly, wounded civilians, people with disabilities are trying to escape cities where there is no heat, no electricity, relentless bombardment and where they are running out of food and medicine. and there continue to be reports of attacks by russian forces on agreed—upon humanitarian corridors. we've heard this is the fastest growing refugee crisis since world war ii. , . , growing refugee crisis since world war ii. , ., , ., growing refugee crisis since world war". , ., , ., ., ., war ii. the estimate is that one of ou have war ii. the estimate is that one of you have million _ war ii. the estimate is that one of you have million people _ war ii. the estimate is that one of you have million people have - war ii. the estimate is that one of you have million people have leftl you have million people have left since the war began. this shows countries who have received refugees from ukraine, more than a million alphas of hungary and slovakia have each received 100,000 people, moldova, romania and also russia is

eating 50,000 people across the respective borders. western ukrainian cities has reached the limit of its capacity to help people displace with a peer is one volunteer speaking to the volunteer from there. in volunteer speaking to the volunteer from there. , , from there. in the first days we were so shocked _ from there. in the first days we were so shocked and _ from there. in the first days we l were so shocked and devastated from there. in the first days we - were so shocked and devastated we just really had no clue what we were going to do at all. but some of my colleagues here at the centre for urban history which is a historical research institution, we thought we have a conference room, a cafe and those can be turned into a temporary shelter. the next few days we have such a flood of refugees that leave has not seen the whole of its history. has not seen the whole of its histo . . ~ has not seen the whole of its histo . ., ~ i. ., has not seen the whole of its histo . ., ~ ., ., ., history. thank you to that volunteer s-ueakin history. thank you to that volunteer speaking to the _ history. thank you to that volunteer speaking to the bbc. _ history. thank you to that volunteer speaking to the bbc. in _ history. thank you to that volunteer speaking to the bbc. in budapest i speaking to the bbc. in budapest nick has been watching refugees arriving at one of the main train stations there. the arriving at one of the main train stations there.— arriving at one of the main train stations there. , ., , ., stations there. the shared number of children. just behind _ stations there. the shared number of children. just behind me _ stations there. the shared number of children. just behind me the - stations there. the shared number of children. just behind me the other i children. just behind me the other side and the platform ten where all those trains coming in every hour or so as the trains come in, once all

the faces in the window, all the young women carrying babies, helping them down onto the platform. the children have been completely bemused, brought out here, handed a bowl of soup sometimes as their mothers or older sisters or brothers try to sort out accommodation or travel on then the children are left alone for a while then hopefully one of the volunteers, many volunteers here, hopefully many of them speaking the language are coming over, checking that the small children can open their bowls of hot soup and so on. yes, the women and children, this is a sea of women and children, this is a sea of women and children really at the station. and all these places up and down this 2130 long border of ukraine to the west. , . . ~ ., west. they cute neck. the uk at minister of _ west. they cute neck. the uk at minister of defence _ west. they cute neck. the uk at minister of defence is _ west. they cute neck. the uk at minister of defence is a - west. they cute neck. the uk at minister of defence is a 40 - west. they cute neck. the uk at minister of defence is a 40 mile |

minister of defence is a lto mile longer convoy of russian military vehicles close to the capital of care. little progress has been made in recent days fighting does continue in places like irpinjust 16 miles from the cities boundary. valerian has a three report. the only way out and he stumbles, hands shaking. he summonses courage and carries on. the desperate exodus from irpin today across the wreckage of a bridge blown a bite ukraine to slow the russian advance. how scared do you have to be to take your child and flee like this? and here a woman lies conscious but immobile. she fell and there is no structure to move her. well, this is a difficult

journey, every step of the way. especially for older people trying to pick their way out across rubble and concrete, having to balance on bits of wood for the ukrainian troops are trying to help them make their way forward. some are coming with the children, most are coming with the children, most are coming with a few small things they can carry. they've been under bombardment and irpin for days. they are not safe now even as they try and leave the shelling has been continuing. explosion. for many civilians in the town the shelling hit home. like anastasia whose baby son is just five hit home. like anastasia whose baby son isjust five months hit home. like anastasia whose baby son is just five months old. hit home. like anastasia whose baby son isjust five months old. the hit home. like anastasia whose baby son is just five months old. the day before yesterday a shell hit our house, she tells me. we spent two

days at my grandmothers. now we are leaving because it's too dangerous to be in any corner of irpin with a child. suddenly this... some ukrainian forces running for cover. others getting civilians out of the line of fire. kyiv is just half an hour away, line of fire. kyiv is just half an houraway, if line of fire. kyiv is just half an hour away, if ukraine loses this town, and it's artie lost some of it, the russians will be on the road to the capital. like many here he is begging for a no—fly zone. tell begging for a no-fly zone. tell everybody _ begging for a no-fly zone. tell everybody to _ begging for a no—fly zone. tell everybody to close the sky, urgently. all people needed in ukraine, really. many people say it european for now, they can't go outside —— irpin. old people, young people they tried to do their best

there but we see the russian soldiers, they don't fight with army coming there fighting with anyone. so tell please to close the sky. for now all many _ so tell please to close the sky. for now all many can do is cram into many buses bound for the train station in kyiv. generations of ukrainians at the mercy of an increasingly brutal russian advance. a third round of talks between ukrainian and russian delegations has got underway in belarus. here you can both sides meeting at the table. ukraine called for an immediate ceasefire and the withdrawal of russian forces. elsewhere, the turkish foreign minister has announced that russia and ukraine's foreign ministers sergei lavrov and dmytro kuleba will meet in the turkish city of antalya on thursday. here's more of what he had to say.

translation: both ministers asked me to particularly take part in this _ meeting is a three—way meeting. therefore, on thursday we will hold this meeting, we hope it will be a milestone and an important step towards peace and stability. talks between russia and ukraine have come to nothing, with russia insisting it will only stop the invasion if ukraine meets all its demands. today, russia set out its most detailed statement yet about what it wants to end the fighting. the demands were outlined by kremlin spokesman dimitri peskov and include the following. a ceasing of military action against the russia invasion. a change to ukraine's constitution to enshrine what russia calls �*neutrality�*, acknowledging crimea as russian territory and recognising the separatist republics of donetsk and lugansk. the us secretary of state, antony blinken, is on a visit to the baltic region, holding talks in lithuania, latvia and estonia.

the three baltic nations of lithuania, are the only former soviet republics to have joined both nato and the european union. mr blinken said nato was continuously looking at extending troop deployments in the region and increasing the number of permanent deployments. here's mr blinken speaking in vilnius. it's not ok for one country to try to dictate to another its choices, its future, its policy with whom they can associate, principles like, it's not ok for one country to say it has a sphere of influence over another, to try to subjugate the country to its will. all of that is at stake here by russia's aggression. china has meanwhile offered to mediate between the european union and russia. speaking in beijing china's foreign minister, wang yi said that, the eu's foreign policy chiefjosep borrell said he had spoken with chinese ministers today and asked them to influence russia,

and persuade russia to accept a diplomatic resolve to the conflict. but the us has a different view on chinese diplomacy. here's the former us national security adviser, and former us ambassador to the united nationsjohn bolton. bringing china in two mediate this or to try and resolve it is like figuring out how to enhance china's power in europe. i don't see the logic to that at all. here in london, britain's prime minister borisjohnson has met his canadian counterpart justin trudeau and the dutch premier mark rutte. at a downing street press conference, mrjohnson said the three countries "stand shoulder to shoulder against russia's barbaric invasion of ukraine". let's hear more of what they had to say in the 12 days since russia launched this illegal and brutal assault the world has come together in solidarity with the indomitable people of ukraine. the focus is on the people

of ukraine and our solidarity with ukraine, our pushing back against illegal russian invasion of ukraine and standing up first democracies around the world. we are all prepared . to consider all possible sanctions that can helpl put pressure on russia. and there's a lot of debate going on about energy- i sanctions and here we should notl make a mistake, we have to ensure that they don't generate - unmanageable risks to energy supplies in europe, european. countries and beyond including ukraine. some news coming in the past couple of minutes at ukrainian president vladimir us zelensky is gonna make a historic address to the house of commons. that has been announced by the house speaker. that has been announced by the house speaker. the latest british military assessment of the fighting says russian forces are deliberately targeting ukraine's communications systems, to prevent people getting

access to reliable information. american military sources have said the russians are still meeting strong resistance, and that they haven't secured full control of ukrainian airspace. our diplomatic correspondent caroline hawley has this update on the advance of russian forces. let's have a look now at the latest map of how things are in the ground. the red areas in the east, south and north are controlled by russia and the strike areas are where russian forces are still advancing, so meeting strong resistance. you can see some of the key cities, the capital kyiv where as you've heard there's been an intense fighting north of the city. here in the south russia now control significant areas as its push east and north out of crimea which it occupied in 2014. president zelensky has now warned that russian forces are close to the historic black seaport of odesa and that they are preparing to vomit. the ukrainian government and aid agencies the urgent priorities now to get civilians to safety as a

humanitarian situation worsened by hour. the port of mariupol has been under siege for several days now under siege for several days now under what's been described as relentless bombardment. hundreds of thousands of people are trapped in the city with no water, no electricity, very little food, it's too dangerous for people even to bury their dead or get the wounded out for treatment. over the weekend to cease fires failed. this is one of the proposed evacuation routes for civilians to leave mariupol but most of the humanitarian corridors that the kremlin is offering lead to either russia or its ally belarus. into enemy hands. in the ukrainian government has described that as immoral. him the uk's acceptance as spin on the criticism that the british system is far less generous than those of the european union. as of yesterday that ukraine had granted

around 50 visas for people to play in a conflict although more than 14,000 have completed visa applications. refugees waiting at calle sssaaa in france there is confusion over the process, our home editor has been speaking to some of them. the faces at this calais hospital bear the trauma of a nightmare flight from war, germany still without a destination. irate nightmare flight from war, germany still without a destination.— still without a destination. we are afraid. afraid. _ still without a destination. we are afraid. afraid. there _ still without a destination. we are afraid. afraid. there are - still without a destination. we are afraid. afraid. there are more - still without a destination. we are| afraid. afraid. there are more than 500 ukrainian _ afraid. afraid. there are more than 500 ukrainian refugees _ afraid. afraid. there are more than 500 ukrainian refugees in - afraid. afraid. there are more than 500 ukrainian refugees in the - afraid. afraid. there are more than 500 ukrainian refugees in the city| 500 ukrainian refugees in the city turned to sort visas to the uk. a british citizen with his ukrainian wife and children was turned back at the border five days ago. wife and children was turned back at the borderfive days ago. i wife and children was turned back at the border five days ago. heel the border five days ago. i feel like i've been _ the border five days ago. i feel like i've been guarded - the border five days ago. i feel like i've been guarded who's i the border five days ago. l f--i like i've been guarded who's going to help me if not my own government? and paying taxes, never asked for any kind of help from government before. and never been on benefits, one thing i asked and i had been left out. ihis one thing i asked and i had been left out. , ' , ., ., one thing i asked and i had been left out. j , ., ., ., left out. his 17-year-old daughter gabrielle could _ left out. his 17-year-old daughter gabrielle could barely _ left out. his 17-year-old daughter gabrielle could barely speak - left out. his 17-year-old daughter| gabrielle could barely speak about her experience. l gabrielle could barely speak about her experience.— gabrielle could barely speak about her experience._ it | her experience. i don't want to. it so hard for _

her experience. i don't want to. it so hard for everybody. _ her experience. i don't want to. it so hard for everybody. we - her experience. i don't want to. it | so hard for everybody. we followed him as he tried _ so hard for everybody. we followed him as he tried to _ so hard for everybody. we followed him as he tried to navigate - so hard for everybody. we followed him as he tried to navigate the - him as he tried to navigate the bureaucracy. first he came near an administrative building where were told they might get advice without speaking at the weekend the home secretary said she had surgery team of almost officials to calais and it was inaccurate to say there was no proper support on the ground. but this is the place, no sign of a surge. just a telephone number. misha the i'm trying to find where i can see someone. bud misha the i'm trying to find where i can see someone.— misha the i'm trying to find where i can see someone. and was eventually told that there — can see someone. and was eventually told that there was _ can see someone. and was eventually told that there was refugees - can see someone. and was eventually told that there was refugees support i told that there was refugees support personnel in calais and an empty port building. was this from his home office? they didn't want us to film what's going on but this it appears is the british surge about three officials, a box of ready salted crisps and some kick cats. only a handful of refugees have managed to find and reach their status. . , managed to find and reach their status. ., , , . , , managed to find and reach their

status. ._ ,. ,,, status. clearly this crisis is evolving — status. clearly this crisis is evolving the _ status. clearly this crisis is evolving the whole - status. clearly this crisis is evolving the whole time. l status. clearly this crisis is evolving the whole time. i | status. clearly this crisis is - evolving the whole time. i said before that the uk will be as generous as we can possibly be. you can find out how to get a visa? that can find out how to get a visa? at the moment, i don't know. this afternoon there is no visa centre in calais. after one and his family must stay in france at least another week and get their visit not here but in paris. l week and get their visit not here but in paria— week and get their visit not here but in paris. i don't know, i don't how to describe _ but in paris. i don't know, i don't how to describe it, _ but in paris. i don't know, i don't how to describe it, a _ but in paris. i don't know, i don't how to describe it, a bit - but in paris. i don't know, i don't how to describe it, a bit of- but in paris. i don't know, i don't how to describe it, a bit of anger| how to describe it, a bit of anger inside me and i'm trying to keep it down. to inside me and i'm trying to keep it down. ., ,, ., ., inside me and i'm trying to keep it down. ., ~ ., ., , down. to the ukrainian refugees in northern france _ down. to the ukrainian refugees in northern france there _ down. to the ukrainian refugees in northern france there appears - down. to the ukrainian refugees in northern france there appears to l down. to the ukrainian refugees in| northern france there appears to be a gap as wide as the english channel between the supportive rhetoric of ministers in london and the reality on the ground. let's stay with the issue of refugees. the united nations says, more than one—and—a—half million people have now left ukraine, since the russian invasion began. let's hear about the people still inside ukraine but who've had to flee their homes. yada hakim is in the western city of lviv where many people have escaped to.

i'm here at this art centre and just 12 days ago the space was used for cultural events. now it's 12 days ago the space was used for cultural events. now its home to the thousands of people who are coming to western ukraine looking for relative safety, relative peace, away from the fighting in the northeast and south of the country. you can see just behind northeast and south of the country. you can seejust behind me northeast and south of the country. you can see just behind me some of the elderly people who have fled their homes, fled the bombings, the showings, the fightings that took place. many of them tell me that they were staying in underground bunkers without any food, water, heating. it is freezing conditions here in the ukraine and these people were suffering. they tried to get away and frankly, they are the lucky ones. there's so many others who are trapped, waiting for some kind humanitarian corridor to be created. and the other rooms there are newborns babies, small children who their parents they are completely traumatised by what they heard, what they witnessed. for them they are now trying to get to other countries

along the borders. they are trying to get away with that they don't know when they'll be able to come back, if they'll be able to come back, if they'll be able to come back and what sort of country they will come back to. a reminder of the top lines on the war in ukraine right now. a cease—fire which was due to come into force today and part of the country to allow civilians to leave the area is besieged by russian military forces, the two sides cannot agree on what a safe route is. the mayor of irpin, a beleaguered town on the northwestern outskirts of the capital kyiv says a thousand people have been taken to safety. did say it ukrainian forces have repelled russian attacks and they have pulled back. the bbc has witnessed a stream of terrified people crossing the local river along the debris of a blown up bridge. meanwhile it is also emerged at around 2000 people managed to escape the besieged southern port of mary ball on sunday. that's before russians shelling —— mariupol. do

stay with us on outside source if you can we will keep you abreast of all the latest developments right here on the bbc. good evening. high pressure at this time of year can quiet the weather story down, but clear skies by day lead to cold and frosty nights. yes, it was minus seven celsius first thing this morning in glasgow with some sunshine, but there was also a hard frost. a little bit further south, we had early morning cloud in southeast england and that drifted its way steadily northwards across the midlands into northern england and it will continue to push its way north over the next few hours. this was the story over the course of the day it in actual fact, that cloud along with the freshening breeze across the southwest up to the irish sea and west facing coast will prevent those temperatures from falling too far through the night tonight. but we have the clearest of the skies perhaps through central and eastern areas north of the lowest temperatures

are likely to be with the touch of frost here first thing in the morning. but at least there will be some sunshine around, as well. as we go through the day, the winds will continue to strengthen and cloud will thicken because as we go to the morning and into the afternoon every summer and pushing into northern ireland and gradually into western fringes of scotland and parts of wales. the winds strengthening to gusts in excess of 45—50 miles an hour. so, the best of the sunshine further east, we may well see temperatures peaking at 11 degrees, but underneath the cloud, the wind and the rain feeling cool and disappointing. seven or eight celsius at the very best. that weather front will ease away as we close out tuesday and wednesday. but it is going to allow more fronts to push in off the atlantic. a spell of wet and windy weather set to continue through the middle parts of the week. so, the good news is a south—westerly flow will bring some milder air with it as those fronts start to push through. i suspect as we go through wednesday, yes, there's a spell of wetter and increasingly windy weather with gale force

gusts of winds at times. the best of the brighter weather perhaps on wednesday will be to the east of the penines. here, we could see some sunshine clouding over across the midlands with that rain out in the northwest. with highs of 13 celsius. once we leave wednesday and we go into thursday, that front will bump into the high pressure over into the near continent and weaken off a touch. so, a little bit of light patchy rain before a ridge of high pressure builds and behind. so, overall on thursday, not a bad day. dry, settled and sunny before wet and windy weather returns by friday.

hello, i'm nuala mcgovern, this is outside source. russian attacks on cities are continuing despite the offer from russia to create safe routes out. trying to escape with the proposed humanitarian corridors or take people to russia and its ally belarus. residents in the town just north of kyiv are trying to survive or flee the intense north of kyiv are trying to survive orflee the intense bombardment. this is a difficultjourney of a step of the way. especially for older people trying to pick their way out across rubble in concrete, having to balance on bits of wood. they tell the pbc of their fears of

fighting around the nuclear power plant in ukraine. 14 years of potential ban on russia's supplies and european leaders are reluctant. and what is the symbol mean advise it appearing on russian tanks and a progression protest? we will find out. —— pro russian. a number of corridors in key cities and ukraine. suggested routes to safety go to russia and the easter to belarus. its ally to the north. taking those fling further into ukraine. president zelensky has condemned the proposals as "completely our correspondent, sarah rainsford, sent this report from dnipro.

a russian speaking city bombed by russian planes, vladimir putin says it is to protect russian speakers. but is destroying their homes and their lives. the woman who filmed this ukraine is being punished for its freedom. escorting herfamily to safety. she told me she wants one thing now, for nato to stop russian planes flying over ukraine. she sees them and it's terrible. families here today trying to flee even further. but it feels like half the city is not leaving too. lining up for evacuation trains as soon as the curfew lifts. for evacuation trains as soon as the curfew lifte—

curfew lifts. schelling, bombing, really loud _ curfew lifts. schelling, bombing, really loud and _ curfew lifts. schelling, bombing, really loud and it _ curfew lifts. schelling, bombing, really loud and it is _ curfew lifts. schelling, bombing, really loud and it is a _ curfew lifts. schelling, bombing, really loud and it is a terrible - really loud and it is a terrible situation because when everything started, our house was, i don't know how to tell you. it was shaking every time. how to tell you. it was shaking every time-— how to tell you. it was shaking every time. how to tell you. it was shaking eve time. ., , ._ ,., every time. her mother staying point but it's breaking _ every time. her mother staying point but it's breaking her. _ every time. her mother staying point but it's breaking her. ukrainians - but it's breaking her. ukrainians are still fiercely loyal to their cause, but realistic about the danger now. b have been speaking to people who have been static for six hours in the cord and snow and hoping to get a train out of your to the west and into relative safety, but it's only the women and children were being allowed through and being pulled out of the crowd until they have to stay. she had to hug her dad could buy at the border. we first spoke to the little girl but she has now made to poland and can get the cancer medicine that she needs. today then, her mum was able to

smile again. and for the first time in two weeks, she is playing again. a russian gymnast is being investigated for displaying a symbol which has come to represent support for russia's invasion of ukraine. ivan kuliak taped a letter �*z�* to his chest on the podium at an event in doha, after winning bronze. he was standing next to the gold medal winner — who was ukrainian. the international gymnastics federation called it "shocking behaviour" and opened disciplinary proceedings against the russian athlete. the letter z has become become symbolic of russia's invasion of ukraine. you can see it painted on the side of these russian military vehicles in crimea. it's also being used by pro—russian protesters showing their support for the invasion. this is the serbian capital belgrade. professor sergey radchenko is a historian and russia specialist at thejohns hopkins school of advanced international studies. he joins us from cardiff.

thank you forjoining us. and talk us through what the z means in this particular scenario. us through what the z means in this particularscenario. ihla us through what the 2 means in this particular scenario.— particular scenario. no one knows for sure. particular scenario. no one knows for sure- at— particular scenario. no one knows for sure. at first _ particular scenario. no one knows for sure. at first appeared - particular scenario. no one knows for sure. at first appeared on - particular scenario. no one knows for sure. at first appeared on the | for sure. at first appeared on the military equipment for the invasion and ukraine. various theories have been proposed from a technical explanation that said state stands for western russian and v, another symbol for the east but other explanations of service, including it actually is the first victory. and even some explanation that could potentially mean zielinski, and a target of the civil war. and what is

clear is that, it is something that came out probably during the presidential administration in moscow and its marketing. a tribalist idea that calls on the people to display their loyalty to the cause and in this sense, it is similar to the black and orange stripe that russians have been encouraged to wear for victory day for some years. and i was a kid growing up in the soviet union, we never had the stripes but in recent years, as an effort to show your loyalty to the regime, people have been asked or will be wearing those stripes and just recent days, we have seen a combination of the c done and the black and orange stripe which symbolises the struggle against nazi —ism, etc. my which symbolises the struggle against nazi -ism, etc. my started

lookin: against nazi -ism, etc. my started looking forward _ against nazi -ism, etc. my started looking forward to, _ against nazi -ism, etc. my started looking forward to, among - against nazi -ism, etc. my started looking forward to, among young | looking forward to, among young russians for example, perhaps also in twitter handles, for example or he might see the ukrainian flag for this or supporting ukraine and on the russian side you can see the z. it makes it easier to identify with the cost. lts it makes it easier to identify with the cost. , , ., the cost. its tribalism. you identify the _ the cost. its tribalism. you identify the symbol - the cost. its tribalism. you identify the symbol you - the cost. its tribalism. you| identify the symbol you say the cost. its tribalism. you i identify the symbol you say i the cost. its tribalism. you - identify the symbol you say i am for this and therefore i display this. and it's very nice. some people have compared this to swastika, i think it's a valid comparison and the third reich, third reich also had outward displays of loyalty, including swastika on uniforms, the salutes and vladimir putin also values that. rallies in support of the war where people are actually attaching that z to the close. which is really disturbing. one particular rally that is making rounds on

social media really looks like almost a neo—nazi rally and get it purports to be anti—nazi and the symbols he is supposed to signify the struggle against nazi —ism which is what they're claiming they're doing and ukraine stop but what about the young gymnast wearing it was yellow this is tragic, young people are also susceptible to state propaganda. people are also susceptible to state --roa~anda. ., people are also susceptible to state propaganda-— people are also susceptible to state --roa~anda. ., , ., propaganda. young people coming to this rallies. supporting _ propaganda. young people coming to this rallies. supporting the _ propaganda. young people coming to this rallies. supporting the war - propaganda. young people coming to this rallies. supporting the war in - this rallies. supporting the war in ukraine. this rallies. supporting the war in ukraine- large — this rallies. supporting the war in ukraine. large sections _ this rallies. supporting the war in ukraine. large sections of- this rallies. supporting the war in ukraine. large sections of the - ukraine. large sections of the russian public are terribly misinformed about what is happening in ukraine. they are being felt misinformation and told that this is a war two do not suffice ukraine, which is an audit claim and completely false but some people buy these things and young people buy into this rhetoric and symbol and what we saw with the young gymnast

and the outcome of this brainwashing.— and the outcome of this brainwashing. and the outcome of this brainwashinu. . ~' , ., ., ., brainwashing. thank you for “oining us on outside fl brainwashing. thank you for “oining us on outside source. * one impact of this war is that the price of oil has risen to its highest level in almost 14 years. this is linked to the us and europe discuss banning imports of russian oil. up to now, the west has focussed on sanctioning banks and individuals and avoided russian oil and gas, because of fears that it would inflate prices. but on sunday the us secretary of state, anthony blinken said this. we are now in active discussions with their european partners about banning the importing of russian oil. and maintaining a steady global supply of oil. it's those comments that have shaken the energy markets. russian exports account for around 8% of the total global oil supply. in the us, russian oil accounts for about 3% of the its total oil imports so although it would drive higher

prices the effect would be relatively small. but for europe — it's much bigger — 30% of oil supplies come from russia. and 39% of the continent's gas supplies also come from russia. here's more from our business correspondent theo leggett. this is what has been happening. if you look a couple weeks ago before the conflict began, the price of oil was around $90 a barrel. today it went above the hundred 30. that is a huge increase in the very short time. we are seeing the same thing on the gas markets. a couple of weeks ago, the present wholesale gas was around 200 pence a third. today, it went up to nearly 800 pence a third. that is a massive increase. however sanctions on russian oil may not happen that quickly — as earlier on monday — germany's chancellor olaf schultz poured cold water on the idea, saying in statement that europe has deliberately exempted energy supplies from russia from sanctions and that the continent's energy supply couldn't be secured in any other way at the moment.

we still need companies to continue their work against russia and it is important and what we need to do over time is make sure that we reduce dramatically our energy dependency of russia. and it's notjust energy. with no realistic prospect of a quick resolution to the conflict in ukraine, other commodities have also soared in value, including gold and other metals, as well as wheat and maize. the boss of one of the world's biggest fertiliser companies says the war is a threat to global food supplies. he's been speaking to the bbc. look at europe around the 25% of the

key nutrients. nitrogen, phosphate coming from russia. and having a significant impact and also sourcing these raw materials and to have an impact on our ability to maintain production at the level we've done in the same time reviewing whatever we can to find additional sources but with such short timelines, it is limiting what we can do. amrita sen is the co—founder and head of research at energy aspects — an energy market research consultancy in uk. do you think the us and the eu could possibly ban russian oil and gas? l

possibly ban russian oil and gas? i wouldn't say never, but it is a possibility but one thing is even without oil or direct oil sanctions right now, very little oil is actually moving because of the risk to the banking sanctions and that has meant that european buyers are just not purchasing russian oil. china is starting to purchase russian oil again. india china is starting to purchase russian oilagain. india is china is starting to purchase russian oil again. india is not opposed to buying russian crude but it is still serving the same purpose. it it is still serving the same purpose-— it is still serving the same purpose. it is still serving the same --urose. , ., , , purpose. it becomes more sluggish even if there _ purpose. it becomes more sluggish even if there has _ purpose. it becomes more sluggish even if there has been _ purpose. it becomes more sluggish even if there has been something l even if there has been something specifically put in place but also borisjohnson during the press conference talked about weaning themselves off russian oil and their constituents. how long would something like that realistically take? , ., _ ., ., ., take? obviously, a lot of governments _ take? obviously, a lot of governments are - take? obviously, a lot of governments are going l take? obviously, a lot of| governments are going to take? obviously, a lot of - governments are going to take up measures to focus on domestic energy

supplies that include renewables but i also think this is going to be wake—up call for western governments that would be oblivious and they have been curtailing fossil fuel supplies in order to maintain some unrealistic targets but in the uk government, they talked about potentially allowing some production in the north sea and weaning ourselves off in exports almost 5 million barrels per day of oil, it's one of the biggest exports of the world and it's going to take at least five, if not a decade. if europe wins itself of russian oil, and asia will not. it suspended be a distribution of basically where the soil goes. lode distribution of basically where the soil toes. ~ ~ , ., ~ distribution of basically where the soil toes. ~ ~ , ., ,, ., soil goes. we keep talking about it in one way. — soil goes. we keep talking about it in one way. the — soil goes. we keep talking about it in one way, the us _ soil goes. we keep talking about it in one way, the us or— soil goes. we keep talking about it in one way, the us or europe - soil goes. we keep talking about it in one way, the us or europe not l in one way, the us or europe not taking oil. could russia decide to not supply? taking oil. could russia decide to not snooty?— taking oil. could russia decide to notsu--l? , , ., ., , not supply? yes, but i would really be a very extreme _

not supply? yes, but i would really be a very extreme measure - not supply? yes, but i would really be a very extreme measure but. not supply? yes, but i would really. be a very extreme measure but if the west continues provocation in the sense of that's all vladimir putin feels it, i would say that if he feels it, i would say that if he feels that he is unable to sell much of his oil anyway because of the banking sanctions, could be a possibility these as well, this becomes an economic warfare and through that process, he decides not to sell oil. i really don't think that's a likely situation, be can never say never, given the circumstances we are seeing. the reuular circumstances we are seeing. the regular person. — circumstances we are seeing. the regular person, whether in europe or the united states, another hit in different capacities, will everyone see a difference?— see a difference? well, i think ou're see a difference? well, i think you're going — see a difference? well, i think you're going to _ see a difference? well, i think you're going to see _ see a difference? well, i think you're going to see very, - see a difference? well, i think you're going to see very, very| see a difference? well, i think - you're going to see very, very high oil prices because we are not buying, we think about 70% of russian oil does not have a home right now which will feed through the petrol prices at the pumps do you see in the press is rising

substantially and we have seen and talked about how tight the fundamentals are. there's not enough capacity and demand destroying back. unfortunately, we are going to be in for a period of very high prices. thank you very much forjoining us on outside source. russian forces have taken over several nuclear sites in ukraine including the largest plant in europe — zap—o—rit—zia, and the site of the 1986 chernobyl nuclear disaster. a relative of someone working at chernobyl spoke to the bbc about the conditions there. we have called her valerie to protect her and her relative's identity. the conditions are kind of concerning right now. and it is very simple and powerful. they can sleep normally because first of all, they have to work and basically 20 47

because they have to keep maintaining the plant working properly. almost all the moves are controlled and they cannot move freely, they have to be searched by the russian army. laura rockwood, is director at open nuclear network, an advisory group which seeks to reduce the risk that nuclear weapons are used in error particularly in an escalating conflict. she explained her concerns. you can have something happening, perhaps projectile damages and the operator needs to take measures that are necessary to control the damage. if they delay that kind of action, they could in effect be preventing from taking measures that will prevent and meltdown.

next — here's the head of the united nations nuclear watchdog. we are in consultation with ukraine. i have been in contact with a number of world leaders who are taking this up of world leaders who are taking this up with russia and ukraine and we are trying to establish some sort of direct communication and like others who may be leaving, we are hearing that they want and and we want to be there and help. at the lithuanian capital for special edition of global questions. i've been very struck by the fact that people in that one of the baltic republics or shrink a great deal of solidarity for the people of

ukraine and you see the shop windows with the colours of ukrainian flags and symbols of the heart and ukraine written on the bus to see her and also the ukrainian flag flying alongside the lithuanian flag government buildings. secretary of state as part of his reassurance tour and european countries has been in lithuania holding talks with the government here and i'm joined now. wforeign ministers, you are a part of the stalks of antony blinken. not sure were his comments about how much protection nato is giving baltic republics such as yours which feels quite vulnerable? lode baltic republics such as yours which feels quite vulnerable?— feels quite vulnerable? we are discussing _ feels quite vulnerable? we are discussing very _ feels quite vulnerable? we are discussing very hard _ feels quite vulnerable? we are discussing very hard matters i feels quite vulnerable? we are| discussing very hard matters of defence and how to entrust the standing defence by nato, not the staff this but capability to defend

every inch of nato territory to have this concrete capability and resources, actions, manpower in terms of weapons. we are also discussing the need to move on sanctions to help ukraine and we need to do it rapidly and talk about gas embargo and talk about the whole banking sector to make it really hurt and that's the only way we can hope to make russia realise the economic pain they're going to undergo in the third thing we are discussing is the military assistance to ukraine. i cannot reveal, it is extremely sensitive but i think we will see a reverse in the aggression against ukraine and russia and they're going to suffer enormous losses.—

russia and they're going to suffer enormous losses. talking about what antony blinken _ enormous losses. talking about what antony blinken told _ enormous losses. talking about what antony blinken told you, _ enormous losses. talking about what antony blinken told you, but - enormous losses. talking about what antony blinken told you, but he - enormous losses. talking about what antony blinken told you, but he told| antony blinken told you, but he told you there's going to be more support for ukraine in terms of its air defence system, more fighterjets so they can take on russia more effectively than they can at the moment. and no question about a no—fly zone, that was not on the agenda. no-fly zone, that was not on the a . enda. ,, no-fly zone, that was not on the arenda. ,, ., ., , agenda. queer document how to help ukrainians defend _ agenda. queer document how to help ukrainians defend themselves - agenda. queer document how to help ukrainians defend themselves but. agenda. queer document how to help| ukrainians defend themselves but not draw nato into the war directly. but it is our concern to make sure that ukraine can defend itself. that is from lithuania, _ ukraine can defend itself. that is from lithuania, i _ ukraine can defend itself. that is from lithuania, i want _ ukraine can defend itself. that is from lithuania, i want to - ukraine can defend itself. that is from lithuania, i want to turn - ukraine can defend itself. that is from lithuania, i want to turn to | from lithuania, i want to turn to another country. 80,000 refugees of christ from ukraine to moldova. our correspondent is at the border crossing. these are women who stayed in ukraine for more than ten days of war. they have now decided to leave.

it is a long walk from ukraine's bus stop to this quarter. by the time they are here, the conflict is dark in their cities and their faces. many had powerfor in their cities and their faces. many had power for reasons for staying as long as they could. wheelchair bound after a number of strokes. and looking less share, she faced a dilemma. being there was terrifying. we live on the eighth floor. and how else can they feel but fear. i cannot leave for their and all she has. for some, this is not a one—wayjourney. their dropping of their children here before turning around and going straight back to ukraine. she before turning around and going straight back to ukraine.- straight back to ukraine. she is workin: straight back to ukraine. she is working in _ straight back to ukraine. she is

working in the _ straight back to ukraine. she is working in the orphanage - straight back to ukraine. she is working in the orphanage and l straight back to ukraine. she is i working in the orphanage and she cannot leave them there or a woman who has an electric station and they said people, there will be nobody to maintain the basic needs of the people staying there.— people staying there. they're nettina people staying there. they're getting organised _ people staying there. they're getting organised to - people staying there. they're getting organised to handle l people staying there. they're i getting organised to handle the influx. there've received a far greater number of refugees but more diverse much smaller country with a pole and's resources or infrastructure. the number of refugees is equivalent to 10% of moldova bosporus population. the fewer than half end up staying. refugees showed up and suvs and now it is causing the poor and disabled to leave. those for whom the risks and uncertainty of conflict have only now eclipsed the risks and

uncertainty of becoming a refugee. returning to ukraine. it's a russian showing is prevented people from being evacuated from several cities across the country. our chief international correspondent lyse doucet is in the capital, kyiv. a humanitarian corridor that has turned into inhumane tunnels for thousands of people in cities and towns across this country, including the edge of kyiv were desperate to flee. they tried on saturday but were turned back by russian shilling. they trade on sunday and turned back by russians shelling. and there were roads which remind. a little bit better. six routes to safety, two of them went through russia and belarus, but despite the shelling, 2000 people wanted to lead

the west of kyiv and another 2000 were able to leave mariupol which is been encircled for days and be here that people are desperate for food and water and our drinking water from the puddles, the bodies are everywhere and this is just a fraction of the people desperate to escape and if we judge by what we are hearing in kyiv tonight, the city has been rocked by explosions when after the other and much louder than we have heard before, no closer but they are using more ordinance in the city, a reminder again the 12 days on, russia's invasion is only just starting. days on, russia's invasion is only just starting-— days on, russia's invasion is only 'ust startina. ~ ., , , ,, just starting. the white house press secreta is just starting. the white house press secretary is currently _ just starting. the white house press secretary is currently speaking - just starting. the white house press secretary is currently speaking and l secretary is currently speaking and president biden has not made a decision on the band of russian imports earlier, she says those discussions are continuing internally. thank you very much for

watching outside source in stay with us here on the bbc. good evening. high pressure at this time of year can quiet the weather story down, but clear skies by day lead to cold and frosty nights. yes, it was minus seven celsius first thing this morning in glasgow with some sunshine, but there was also a hard frost. a little bit further south, we had early morning cloud in southeast england and that drifted its way steadily northwards across the midlands into northern england and it will continue to push its way north over the next few hours. this was the story over the course of the day it in actual fact, that cloud along with the freshening breeze across the southwest up to the irish sea and west facing coast will prevent those temperatures from falling too far through the night tonight. but we have the clearest of the skies perhaps through central and eastern areas north of the lowest temperatures are likely to be with the touch of frost here first thing in the morning. but at least there will be some sunshine around, as well. as we go through the day,

the winds will continue to strengthen and cloud will thicken because as we go to the morning and into the afternoon every summer and pushing into northern ireland and gradually into western fringes of scotland and parts of wales. the winds strengthening to gusts in excess of 45—50 miles an hour. so, the best of the sunshine further east, we may well see temperatures peaking at 11 degrees, but underneath the cloud, the wind and the rain feeling cool and disappointing. seven or eight celsius at the very best. that weather front will ease away as we close out tuesday and wednesday. but it is going to allow more fronts to push in off the atlantic. a spell of wet and windy weather set to continue through the middle parts of the week. so, the good news is a south—westerly flow will bring some milder air with it as those fronts start to push through. i suspect as we go through wednesday, yes, there's a spell of wetter and increasingly windy weather with gale force gusts of winds at times. the best of the brighter weather perhaps on wednesday will be to the east of the penines.

here, we could see some sunshine clouding over across the midlands with that rain out in the northwest. with highs of 13 celsius. once we leave wednesday and we go into thursday, that front will bump into the high pressure over into the near continent and weaken off a touch. so, a little bit of light patchy rain before a ridge of high pressure builds and behind. so, overall on thursday, not a bad day. dry, settled and sunny before wet and windy weather returns by friday.

hello, i'm nuala mcgovern, this is outside source. russian attacks on cities are continuing, despite the author from russia to create safer routes out. people queue for hours to escape. but the proposed humanitarian colours will take people to russia and its ally belarus people are trying to flee the intense bombardment. this is a difficult journey, _ intense bombardment. this is a difficult journey, every - intense bombardment. this is a difficult journey, every step - intense bombardment. this is a difficult journey, every step of. intense bombardment. this is a i difficult journey, every step of the way, especially for older people trying to pick their way out across rubble and concrete.

having to balance on bits of wood.