this is bbc news — welcome if you're watching here in the uk or around the globe. i'm lewis vaughanjones. our top stories... 10 million people have now fled their homes in ukraine since the start of the war — more than a quarter of the population. among them, children who escaped from besieged mariupol — but are left with life—changing injuries. all of these are victims of russian attacks. it isn'tjust the physical injuries though, many of these children have deep psychological trauma that they will perhaps never get over. in mariupol itself, the bombardment is said to be constant — many are believed to be trapped in shelters below destroyed buildings. russia has confirmed the death of one of its senior naval commanders.

and the information war — hackers says they have manged to interrupt russian tv networks to reveal the horrors of the conflict. welcome to the programme. ten million people in ukraine — or around a quarter of the entire population — have now been forced from their homes by russia's attacks. those figures, from the united nations, show the extent to which more than three weeks of invasion and bombardment have devastated people's lives. most of the displaced are still within ukraine's borders — but more than 3 million have escaped to other countries. in the latest reports from mariupol — which has been under intense attack — an art school where 400 people had been sheltering is said to have been destroyed. among those who have made it out of the city are children,

some of whom have been left with severe injuries. we'll have more on that shortly. these are the latest pictures we have from mariupol where local politicians say the bombardment is constant. they say russia is not letting in humanitarian convoys. many people are trapped in shelters below destroyed buildings — including a theatre that was bombed on wednesday. my colleaguejames reynolds is in lviv in western ukraine with all the latest on the ground. good evening from lviv in western ukraine where the curfew is approaching. this is a city of fractured families, you mention that figure of 10 million displaced. what it means in practical terms is that families are separated, some are across the border in poland, some are here in lviv and some have brothers, husbands, fathers, fighting on the front lines in the east. a lot of attention here in lviv is turning to the south of the country and the south—east of the country

where the shelling and the attacks have been heaviest, particularly mariupol that has been besieged for several weeks and also zaporizhzhia. that is where our correspondent wyre davies reports from. you may find some details in his report distressing. this is what vladimir putin's war has done to the children of ukraine. in his hospital bed, little artem stares into emptiness. the russian shell that blasted shrapnel into his belly also wounded his parents and grandparents as they fled from mariupol. a victim of the war and not yet three years old. next to artem, 15—year—old masha, also from near mariupol. her right leg amputated after being torn apart by the blast from a russian shell last tuesday. she and artem, in some senses, are lucky. they've been evacuated to the city of zaporizhzhia.

other victims, adults and children, died where they fell in the streets. these are just some of the hundreds of casualties of what's been happening in mariupol and the surrounding region. all of these are victims of russian attacks. it's notjust the physical injuries, though. many of these children have deep psychological trauma that they will perhaps never get over. these doctors and the children's surviving relatives asked us to tell their stories. the head of the children's hospital, can't hide his contempt for what russia has done. translation: i hate russia. the girl who lost her leg was so traumatized she wouldn't eat or drink for days. she couldn't mentally handle it. we had to feed her intravenously. another boy, a six—year—old with shrapnel in his skull, described without tears or emotion, watching his mother burn to death

in their car after it was hit. he then said, "dad, buy me a mum, i want someone to walk me to school". what is happening in mariupol is a humanitarian disaster, even perhaps a war crime. 90% of the city's buildings have been damaged or destroyed in blanket russian shelling. after last week's destruction of a theatre where more than a thousand people were said to be sheltering, reports that an art school with more than 400 people inside has also been attacked. at the hospital, vladimir wanted to tell me about his daughter, natasha, and his granddaughter dominika, whose picture he almost caressed on his phone. they were both killed by a russian shell inside mariupol. "i ran up to my granddaughter and i'm screaming, dominika, dominika, "but there she lies", says vladimir. "i then rushed to natasha, grabbing

whatever i can find, a scarf "to bandage her legs." vladimir, whose other daughter is still in a serious condition, knows he has to try and stay strong. "god, why would you bring this all upon me?" he says. "my lovely girls, i failed to protect you." wyre davies, bbc news, zaporizhzhia. the effects of this war in the south of the country and those effects are felt right across the country. here in lviv in the last few days, i've been struck by one thing, the rituals, the normal rhythms of life really matter, in particular during a war. they give people

a sense of structure. on friday in the hours after a black plume of smoke rose in the horizon after a series of explosions, i spoke to one man who said he had a couple of cups of coffee with his wife and then they took their dog for a walk. when you go into a grocery store here, you put your mask on, you remember there is a pandemic, you put your bag in a locker, the city was give people the sense of normality they might hope for. that is whatjeremy bowen has been finding in kyiv. the roar of ukrainian air defence missiles reverberates through kyiv�*s main cemetery. rest in peace. not here, not now. explosions have felled trees and broken headstones. alexander, an army volunteer, was killed fighting the russians five days ago, just before what would

have been his 27th birthday. almost no—one at the funeral knew alexander, not the guard of honour or the priest in army green. his commander was the only one from his unit, dressed to go back to the front line only a few miles away. he said they all had to honour him because alexander's family is not here. his father's in the besieged city of mariupol. they can't reach him to say his son is dead. before the war, alexander was a children's entertainer and illusionist. he went to the front with no real training and was killed less than two weeks after he signed up. close by, graves of people killed fighting russian—backed separatists since 2014. these days, the sirens feel routine. it's been quieter the last few

days here in the city. the analysis, fear, perhaps, is that the russians are gathering their strength, resupplying, trying to reorganise, getting ready to do something else to push again at kyiv. relative quiet does not mean peace or ceasefire. st volodymyr�*s ukrainian 0rthodox cathedral was heavy with incense and the pain of war. the orthodox church here broke with moscow in 2018. it was a blow for president putin, who insists that ukrainians and russians are one people in one country who should be in one russian church. jeremy bowen reporting from kyiv there.

we have heard the steady toll of church bells on the hour every hour which remind us that some rhythms do continue but there is one figure that people here can back to, ten million. 10 million new cleaners have been displaced, 6 million of them have sought shelter within the borders of their own country. i met a few of them at on a distribution centre, a 19—year—old had a couple of violins in his backpack, he is hoping to become a professional musician. another woman was travelling with her mother and her daughter, she says she can only cry when the door is shut. she had to stay strong for them. 3 million ukrainians have made it into neighbouring european countries. my colleague nick thorpe has been following the journeys of people who have fled to romania from ukraine. the river danube cuts ukraine in the north from romania to the south.

so many people are fleeing ukraine, it is easy to miss the few returning by river ferry. you still need a ticket if you are going the wrong way. it is a romanian ship flying the ukrainian flag as a courtesy. irina is one of the passengers, a lawyerfrom kyiv. she hasjust taken her twin children to safety in germany. now she is on her way back to fetch her mother. ukraine was a great country but now everything is ruined and i don't know will stay my house in safety. i don't know when i can come back to ukraine. the ferry docks and a dozen or so people disembark. barely an hour later, the ferry fills with refugees. irina and her mother

natalia are among them. many are from 0desa, but there are also some from mykolaiv, a city further east still blocking any russian advance along the coast. in romania, the ukrainians get a warm welcome. she was crying, that she thinks that we will never see each other again. i will feel happy when i return to ukraine. i will be happy. as the sun sets, another ferry embarks from the romanian shore to bring more ukrainians across. nick thorpe, bbc news, in izakcha in the danube delta. earlier i spoke to jan egeland, the secretary—general of the norwegian refugee council. we are beginning to grasp the extent of this catastrophe in europe. we have to go back to

the second world war to have anything comparable and i don't think even at that time you would see more than 3 million people were displaced per week. it is three and a half weeks since this started and now 10 million people have had to flee their homes, flee all that they hold dear. it is mind—boggling. still, of course, there are more than 30 million people left behind and many of them are in the crossfire, many people in mariupol in the east of the country that cannot leave the devastation. it is just beyond belief. what lessons have you drawn from the refugee experience in syria, which has experienced 11 years of civil war and what lessons might be useful for this crisis? there are many similar lessons, really.

unfortunately, from these two wars, the first one is it is madness to take the war into the cities. this war is now fighting street by street in urban areas which means it becomes a bloodbath, really. there are civilians filled to the brim in these places. you cannot, you must not take the war to the cities. the second lesson is that because it is so difficult to take a city fighting street by street and basement by basement, we may see many more besiegements like the one we have seen in mariupol. in syria besiegements took years and in the end people starved to death. this madness has to stop, there has to be progress on the negotiating table and the first thing they have

to agree on is a ceasefire so that our relief can get into the cities and the civilians can get out. you have worked for many, many decades on the subject refugees and you will know as well as anyone else that these people weren't always refugees, in no conflict do they begin as refugees. they were accountants, book—keepers, salespeople, sportspeople, singers, ordinary people who have had to take on that title of refugee. what do you say to someone who has just become a refugee from all the experience you have had? they must not lose faith and hope, that they can return and that they must keep their dignity. i have a poster in my office saying, the refugee is notjust bringing the bundle of belongings along with him or her.

einstein was a refugee. the refugees are incredibly resourceful, they are like you and me and they need to be integrated when they come, they need to be welcomed, they have a right of protection need to be help to help themselves so that one day they can return, which the ukrainians want to. they want to return to this ancient civilisation which is ukraine. the secretary general of the norwegian refugee council there. here in lviv, in a0 minutes�* time, an official curfew will start although just looking around, most people have started to obey it anyway. there will be curfews and other major towns and cities in ukraine, in the capital kyiv, in kharkiv and in mariupol. in zaporizhzhia, people will head to their shelters, they will

hunker down and they will hope to see daybreak. in warat night, time seems to go much more slowly. thank you very much, james. the deputy commander of russia's black sea fleet has been killed in mariupol. he's the first high—ranking russian naval officer to be confirmed dead. he is the first high—ranking russian naval officer to be confirmed as killed in ukraine. ukrainian forces have claimed they have killed several high—ranking russian military officers during the war, but this is only the second high—ranking death to be confirmed by official russian sources. demonstrators have been gathering in several ukrainian cities occupied by russian troops, including berdyansk and kherson. a large crowd of protesters, many waving ukrainian flags,

were heard chanting "go home" russian military vehicles marked with a "z" have been seen turning away and leaving when confronted by the protestors. a short while ago i spoke to a former us ambassador to nato, ivo daalder — who is the president of the chicago council on global affairs. i asked him what he thought president putin's next move in the war in ukraine would be. clearly we are in a different place clearly we are in a different place than president putin thou-ht. you than president putin thought. you thought this was going to be a cakewalk were the russian soldiers would be greeted as liberators and instead, they have been greeted by stingers and javelin missiles and extraordinary tenacity on the part of the ukrainian people. many have left, many are continuing to fight the fight, so putin has to question what he does next, does he try to salvage as much as he can from negotiations or does he double down, as the intelligence community thinks he will do, and inflict even further harm on the people of ukraine, perhaps notjust with conventional

munitions, but perhaps chemical or biological agents or even nuclear weapons, which is what he has been threatening these last few weeks. given that assessment, what should nato do with that information? i think we have to be pretty clear that there are certain lines we do not want to be crossed, and if we are talking about chemical agents being used, or an industrial facility being bombed then we need to reassess where we are in this conflict, at the worst of the escalation, i think we should give serious consideration to helping the ukrainians defeat the russians in ukraine. , ., , ., , ., ukraine. there is a history here of drawin: ukraine. there is a history here of drawing red _ ukraine. there is a history here of drawing red lines, _ ukraine. there is a history here of drawing red lines, think— ukraine. there is a history here of drawing red lines, think of - ukraine. there is a history here of drawing red lines, think of syria, | drawing red lines, think of syria, and then not being fully backed up and then not being fully backed up and that is a problem. it is and then not being fully backed up and that is a problem.— and that is a problem. it is a problem- — and that is a problem. it is a problem. that _ and that is a problem. it is a problem. that is _ and that is a problem. it is a problem. that is why - and that is a problem. it is a problem. that is why when l and that is a problem. it is a i problem. that is why when the and that is a problem. it is a - problem. that is why when the nato leaders gather in brussels on thursday, they should have a serious

conversation about how far they are willing to go, what are they willing to accept on the part of the russian regime, and where are they going to push back? is the red line that we have currently drawn between direct military confrontation between russian troops and us and or nato troops going to stay on the matter what even if chemical weapons are used, even if biologicalfacilities are being bombed, even if god forbid, nuclearweapons are being bombed, even if god forbid, nuclear weapons are used? that is the consideration we need to get too because my fare is that the better ukrainians are fighting, the more likely it is that putin finds a need to escalate and we need to make very clear to vladimir putin that escalation doesn't get him more, it will mean that he will lose even more than he is already losing. essen more than he is already losing. even if that means _ more than he is already losing. even if that means nato _ more than he is already losing. even if that means nato directly coming into conflict with russia and everything that brings with it. everything that brings with it, in order to defend ukraine. it is not about going to war with russia, it

is about defending ukraine, an independent state. it was peaceful, it was democratic and it was attacked without any provocation. under article 51 of the un charter it has a right for self defence and a right of collective self—defence. so, if there are certain escalations being contemplated by putin, he should be aware that there is the possibility for direct confrontation in ukraine with nato forces. i think thatis in ukraine with nato forces. i think that is where we are getting to. thank you, ivo daalder. the anonymous hacktivist collective has been bombarding russia with cyber—attacks since declaring "cyber war" on president vladimir putin in retaliation for the invasion of ukraine. several people operating under its banner spoke to the bbc about their motives, tactics and plans. 0ur cyber reporter joe tidy has more. anonymous have been around since about 2003

and they are a leaderless structureless organisation, they are more of a collective, anyone can join anonymous, you just have to hack and use their branding and be aligned with their motives and their targets. they go after, in their view, organisations or people or institutions are to power and they say vladimir putin is doing just that and they have waged a cyber war. we've seen low—level stuff, ddos attacks — this is a form of hacking where you flood a server with information with too many requests and it brings the website down. posters have put up on websites against russia and against putin on websites that are run by the military in russia. what we have also seen, the most eye—catching and significance of the hacks, is something called a broadcast signal intrusion where it is early on in the invasion and also last week, they attacked a tv provider in russia and they managed to create a system

whereby the overrode lots of the tunnels. people in russia would have seen their usual programmes interrupted by images of the war, the kind of video is russia don't want its civilians to see. they were broadcast for about 12 minutes. i was sceptical but i've managed to track down the original poster, the eyewitness, and that video has gone viral. that is something we are seeing that isn't new but is significant. that is clearly helping with the propaganda war or counter—putin propaganda war. what are the targets? are they attempting to generate genuine military intelligence and things like that? yes, they have done some hacking and leaking so breaking into the media regulator in russia and releasing troves of data. that kind of stuff

is very embarrassing and disruptive of those organisation but it doesn't change anything there has been an interesting shift with anonymous, there are lots of other groups around the world who have rallied to not only the anonymous banner but of the ukrainian cause, it is the biggest and most chaotic in terms of cyber conflict and many experts would agree. what we're seeing is a shift, they are not about disrupting their victims but trying to directly speak to the russian people and that is why we are seeing real heavy blows in terms of the information war from anonymous and other groups, they are trying to reach out to russian people not by defacing websites but we've seen another initiative to allow people to directly text message and whatsapp message run demolitions using a system they've built on the internet, all of these

things are if not illegal, they are immoral and intrusive but all the groups say their actions are justified because in their view people are being massacred in ukraine. here in the uk, borisjohnson has been criticised for comparing the struggle of ukrainians fighting russia's invasion — to people in britain voting for brexit. the prime minister said it was the "instinct of the people of this country, like the people of ukraine, to choose freedom". the conservative peer lord barwell said voting in a referendum was not "in any way comparable with risking your life" in a war. liberal democrat leader sir ed davey said it was an "insult" to ukrainians and labour has called for an apology. and just before we go, a reminder that you can keep across all the developments on the russia—ukraine war by going to our website. there we have a live page which is updated with latest reports from our correspondents on the ground. that's all on the bbc news website — or download the bbc news app. you can reach me on twitter —

i'm @lvaughanjones. i'm lewis vaughanjones and this is bbc news. hello, here is the good news. the weather is going to stay settled in sunny all week long, if you like settled and sunny weather! the high pressure centred around poland and lithuania has spread across the continent. around it you can see the clouds rotating, they have been clipping western fringes of the uk so these guys at times have been hazy. for most of us it has been a case of clear skies through the night. that means a cold night, a frosty start to monday, but it will be mostly sunny. temperatures in most towns and cities will be around freezing or below and in rural spots of northern england and scotland i would not be surprised if it falls

to minus six degrees but that'll be the exception. a chilly start across many areas. sunshine right from the word go. there will be a build—up of a little bit of cloud from the afternoon but pleasant temperatures across southern and central britain. temperatures around 15—16 celsius. a little bit cold on the north sea coast at around 10 degrees. in the days ahead it is going to turn warmer, we will see much warmer weather spreading in from the southern climes, all the way from spain, the mediterranean, cross france, with temperatures likely to hit 20 celsius. we have already had that in western parts of scotland but that was a very, very little effect. the high teens and 20 celsius will be more widespread across this portion of the uk and in fact, temperatures may spark off one or two showers across central and northern england come tuesday, so a really pleasant, warm, sunny day but these temperatures are above the average for the time of year.

wednesday, spot the difference. give or take 1 degrees here and there, really pleasant weather, the wins should be light and it should start warming up in north sea coasts, 17 degrees in hull for example. the high pressure is then centred around the uk on thursday. just like the wind around, the country will find itself in the centre of that high so hardly a breath of wind, sunny skies, keeping that fine weather into the whole of the week and then the weekend will be bright and sunny as well, turning on settled towards the end of the month. goodbye. —— unsettled.

this is bbc world news, the headlines... the united nations says ten million ukrainians have now been displaced by the invading russian forces since the war began. they have either fled abroad or moved to safer parts of the country. in the besieged southern port of mariupol, local politicians say the bombardment is constant. they say russia is not letting in humanitarian convoys. many people are trapped in shelters

below destroyed buildings. president zelensky has addressed the israeli parliament, comparing russia's actions in ukraine to those of hitler in the 1940s. he said the kremlin was talking about the final solution to the ukrainian issue. the deputy commander of russia's black sea fleet has been killed in mariupol. he's the first high—ranking russian naval officer to be confirmed dead. other sources have reported the deaths of five russian generals since the invasion. now on bbc news — ukraine: reporting from the front lines. a warning — this programme includes images you mind find distressing.

three weeks in and despite the continuing diplomacy,