welcome to bbc news — i'm nancy kacungira. our top stories... emmanuel macron becomes the first french president to be re—elected in 20 years. translation: from now on, | i'm not a candidate any more. i'm now the president of everyone. defiant in defeat — marine le pen says she'll use her best results ever as a springboard for the future. translation: tonight's . historic score puts our camp in an excellent position to obtain a large number of deputies next june. the nigerian president calls a deadly explosion

at an illegal oil refinery a national disaster. the scientific study in mexico to determine what makes the earth move and volcanoes erupt. emmanuel macron is the first french president to be elected to a second term in 20 years. as challenger marine le pen conceded with exit polls suggesting she had gained just under a1% —— suggesting she had gained just under41% —— 41.5% suggesting she had gained just under a1% —— 41.5% of the vote. that is in contrast to emmanuel macron with a vote share of

58.5%. with the latest from paris, here's our europe editor, katya adler. emmanuel macron, one of europe's most powerful leaders, clearly reconfirmed tonight. the first french president to be re—elected in two decades. his supporters, ecstatic and relieved. we feel safer for the next five years. because marine le pen is the worst we can have. so we're really happy to have macron again. i feel really relieved, - because it was a dangerous moment for france and for europe _ macron critics label him aloof, elitist. that is not how he came across tonight. translation: my friends, we will need to be kind - and respectful because our country harbours many doubts and divisions. so we will need to be strong, but nobody will left by the wayside.

for his rival and her crowd, a crushing blow. translation: right now, | we're obviously disappointed that she wasn't elected. we have five more years with macron. what state will france end up in? i fear the worst. translation: the next five years will see - lots of anti—macron protests, because france is suffering and being ripped apart. but for many in france, marine le pen remains unelectable, a far—right threat with a nationalist french vision — in stark contrast to the internationalist macron. but marine le pen insists she is not giving up. parliamentary elections are just around the corner here. translation: it is all left to play for at this stage. . we must make sure we retain hope. an unapologetic speech by marine le pen here.

she may have lost tonight but, with her best result ever, she's tried now for the third time to become france's president, and millions upon millions of french men and women went out to vote for her. "watch out, emmanuel macron," she says. "we will remain in our position and a force to be reckoned with." it is a problem for france's president. it's a bittersweet victory. he inherits a fragmented, divided country. "macron with you" was the main campaign slogan. tomorrow, he will try to reunite his country behind him. his plan is for stronger french finances and leadership abroad. tonight, celebration spread far beyond paris. brussels is beaming, as well. katya adler, bbc news, paris. jonah levy is an associate professor of politics at the university of california, berkeley. he joins us

from california now. thank you very much for talking to us. you have written three books on france with a fourth on the way. i wonder if you would put what we have seen in this election after this point into a book, what would your key observations be? my into a book, what would your key observations be?- key observations be? my key observation _ key observations be? my key observation would _ key observations be? my key observation would be - key observations be? my key observation would be that. key observations be? my key| observation would be that the challenges difference democracy have not been resolved by the selection. but there is some good news. the negative side, there are several dimensions of this election that are disturbing from a democratic standpoint. the first is that an entire system protest parties gathered 60% of the vote on the first round. if the french and i system parties had behaved like their italian counterparts, they would be celebrating victory today so there is a very strong anti—system vote that is continuing to grow, and

secondly, the ceiling for the national front has risen from election to election, marine le pen's 41% of the vote was disappointing for her, and the polls had to close at 345% of the vote but still her father got i7% in the vote but still her father got i7% in 2002, the vote but still her father got i7% in 2002, she got about one third of the vote in the last election and now she is in the 40s, which suggests that the 40s, which suggests that the far right is not far from being a potential governing party. the third disturbing development from a democratic standpoint is the collapse of the established governing parties, the socialists on the left and the republicans from the right. together they got less than 7% of the vote on the first round of balloting and they are on the verge of extinction. the fourth disturbing democratic development is that there is no democratic alternative to emmanuel macron. in 2022, just

like in 2017, voters have a choice between emmanuel macron and le pen and whereas in 2017 emmanuel macron projected a more centrist and open image that appealed to many left—wing voters, five years of quite conservative and disappointing governance has made centre—left and leftist voters unhappy about emmanuel macron. having said that, he _ about emmanuel macron. having said that, he has _ about emmanuel macron. having said that, he has achieved - said that, he has achieved something many other presidents have not been able to do. he is the first president to win the election in 20 years. is that not a commentary at all on any of the things that he has done right in his time in office? you anticipated my next point which is that there are some positive developments. macron has been re—elected with quite a strong score by french presidential standards and even

more importantly, we see with the rise of populist movements in many countries including the united states that the decline of the mainstream government parties and eventually the supplanting of moderate, suppla nting of moderate, centre—left supplanting of moderate, centre—left and democratic party is, by far right and at times far left parties dubious democratic principles and respect for civil liberties. in the french case the populist parties have spawned the collapse of the mainstream parties but the replacement for those mainstream parties is not a xenophobic, populist right but rather a very intelligent, moderate, pro—european, pro—nato internationalist democratic figure and in that sense france unlike many other countries has managed to have mainstream elites that reinvented a new political

agenda, and one that has managed to sweep two consecutive elections and hold the populists at bay. that is the populists at bay. that is the significance of this election. it the significance of this election.— election. it is all very interesting, - election. it is all very interesting, thank i election. it is all very| interesting, thank you election. it is all very - interesting, thank you for your insights, and there's much more on this on the bbc news website — it's constantly being updated, and you can also find analysis of events — just log on to bbc.com/news or download the bbc app. let's turn now to the conflict in ukraine. president zelensky�*s aides say he's been holding a meeting in the capital, kyiv, with america's top diplomat antony blinken and the us defense secretary lloyd austin. this weekend, the orthodox church has been celebrating easter, and president zelensky took the opportunity to deliver a defiant address, saying he's convinced his country will emerge victorious in the war with russia. from kyiv, mark lowen reports.

a desecrated country is seeking its protector. orthodox easter, this nation's most cherished moment — now less a celebration, more a search for solace. ukrainians and their defenders engaged in what they see as their sacred fight to safeguard their homeland. translation: with the war in ukraine, christ's - resurrection symbolises life over death, victory over the enemy who came to try to conquer us and enslave our people. we see how our neighbour is morally bankrupt and how ukrainians are united like never before. ukraine's church has long fought for autonomy from russia. the religious battle now hardened by the military one, to throw off the shackles of moscow. their faith and their fighting are bringing together ukrainians, renewing

their spirit of national identity, standing together amidst this country's intense trauma. easter is a moment of rebirth — and for ukraine this year, it's one of strengthening their pride and independence. in russia, too, church and war are intertwined. the president, backed by the patriarch, has called it a "holy battle against an immoral west". from the other side, the iconography seems clear — president zelensky as ukraine's saviour. translation: our souls are full of fierce hatred l for the invaders and all that they have done. our hearts are full of fierce fury. don't let fury destroy us from within. for ukraine's soldiers their mission and their meal is blessed — a time to reflect before many head off to the front line in the east. traditions savoured

among families divided. is it sad to be separated from your family at easter? maybe a little bit, yes, but it is our duty to defend our country like every man in our nation. in ukrainian: glory to ukraine. the national chant, "glory to ukraine," a ritual, and now a war cry. do you and your men feel ready for this fight in the east? of course. translation: this war| is for ukraine's freedom, for european values. it is about whether we return to slavery or stay part of the civilised world. easter gives us hope as we go to fight. two months in, there is unity for the battle ahead, but still no hope for a resurrection of peace. mark lowen, bbc news, kyiv.

i'll be speaking to a former us ambassador to nato and special representative for ukraine later in this bulletin, so do stay with us for that. nigeria's president, muhammadu buhari, has described the deadly explosion at an illegal oil refinery as a national disaster. officials say at least 110 people died in the blast in imo state late on friday. mr buhari has ordered the security forces to step up operations to close down illegal refineries in the south—east of the country. with me is our news reporter azadeh moshiri, who's been following the developments. emergency workers work through the scene or bodies have been found and that is why president buhari are saying that this is now a country in shock and trauma at the event and when

you see the pictures you can see how devastating the fire was, why so many perished. some bodies were _ was, why so many perished. some bodies were found _ was, why so many perished. some bodies were found in _ was, why so many perished. some bodies were found in bushes - was, why so many perished. some bodies were found in bushes and l bodies were found in bushes and forests nearby, they are believed to have tried to escape the fire, dozens are believed to have been working on the oil refinery when the fire broke out, bodies are burnt beyond the point of recognition. there is a local official who was there. we can hear from a local official who was there. we can hearfrom him now, when he describes the next steps after the tragedy. i agree with it, generally, the government, they can do more, and obviously they need to idenitfy the bodies. they are badly charred, you know? bodies, the next thing will be, so, we get the area, to stop, authorities are trying to get a handle on this but people will be asking questions about how this could be allowed to happen and where the blame should lie, because there was a similar incident in october last year.

absolutely. dozens died then and there is a bigger picture here. when it comes to this exact incident it is unclear exactly what happened, but this process of refining oil illegally is an extremely dangerous one. it involves camping pipelines from major oil companies and refining in makeshift tanks so deadly accidents happen regularly but there is a bigger picture in terms of the poverty and unemployment in nigeria. the issueis unemployment in nigeria. the issue is that, while the oil industry has been growing over the past few decades, and damaging industries like fishing and farming, the wealth that it has been creating has not been shared across the country, and so illegal oil refinery start to look very attractive. even some of the oil production in the country is suffering. 200,000 barrels a day are believed to be lost because of it. that is 10% of the actual production in nigeria, so there are shortages

that mean some of those cars that mean some of those cars that were burnt with cars belonging to people queueing up to buy illegal oil. it is belonging to people queueing up to buy illegal oil.— to buy illegal oil. it is a sad sto . to buy illegal oil. it is a sad story. thank _ to buy illegal oil. it is a sad story. thank you _ to buy illegal oil. it is a sad story. thank you very - to buy illegal oil. it is a sad | story. thank you very much. in terms of assigning blame and looking at who ultimately holds responsibility, we'll follow that story. stay with us on bbc news, still to come... we will talk to a man who has lost his daughter, his wife and mother—in—law in the bombing of 0desa. nothing, it seemed, was too big to withstand the force of the tornado. the extent of the devastation will lead to renewed calls for government help to build better housing. internationally, there have already been protests. sweden says it received no

warning of the accident. indeed, the russians at first denied anything had gone wrong. only when radioactivity levels began to increase outside russia were they forced to admit the accident. for the mujahideen, the mood here is of great celebration. this is the end of a 12—year war for them. they've taken the capital, which they've been fighting for for so long. it was 7am in the morning - on the day when power began to pass from the minority- to the majority, when africa, after 300 years, reclaimed its last white colony. - this is bbc news — the latest headlines... victory for emanual macron who has become the first french president to be re—elected for 20 years.

marine le pen scooped her biggest ever share of the vote and vows to carry on fighting macron. let's go to the conflict in ukraine. a man who lost both his wife and three—month—old daughter in a missile strike says he wants the world to know how they died. at least six other people were killed when their residential tower block was hit three—month—old kiera was just learning to laugh. in her short life, most was lived under the cloud of war. in theirflat in 0desa, her family thought they were safe. they were wrong. yesterday their building was hit by a russian missile. kiera, her mother, valeria, and her grandmother ludmila were all killed. herfather yuri only survived because he left to go to the shops. today, among residents rescuing

what they could, we found him. translation: i came to collect things that l were important to my wife. she had a collection of sugar sachets from everywhere. everything in the flat becomes garbage and will be thrown away. i want to keep them for my memories. valeria and yuri had been togetherfor nine years. his phone is filled with videos and photographs of them. translation: she was a great mother, friend, | with all of the best qualities. it will be impossible for me to find somebody like valeria. she was perfect. such a person could be given to you only once in a lifetime, and it's a gift from god. it's been barely 2a hours since the attack, but yuri says he wants to talk. he hopes that it can make some difference. translation: my world died, killed by a russian missile. - and unfortunately, not only my family is in this situation. it's the grief of ukraine

and of our whole civilisation. one of the few possessions yuri has recovered from his flat is a pack of nappies. he hands them to us as we leave. "please take them to charity," he says. "i have no need for them now." caroline davies, bbc news, 0desa. kurt volker is a former us ambassador to nato and special representative for ukraine. thank you forjoining us from washington. we saw terrible scenes from 0desa. the russian bombardment continues. and we have seen the us secretary of state antony blinken in kyiv. how significant is that the visit at a time like this? it visit at a time like this? it is visit at a time like this? it is important that antony blinken and the defence secretary will visit ukraine together, a demonstration of us commitment to ukraine's success

in this war. for the first six weeks or so the us was holding back a little bit, seeing what we could provide that would be helpful but drawing red lines as to what we would not provide. i think that has changed now. ithink provide. i think that has changed now. i think the us is now trying to figure out what does ukraine need, how do we help them and get it to them as quickly as possible, so this is a very good sign, a good show of support for the ukrainian people. of support for the ukrainian --eole. ., of support for the ukrainian neale, ., , of support for the ukrainian --eole. ., , ., people. you say things have changed- — people. you say things have changed- why _ people. you say things have changed. why have - people. you say things have changed. why have they - people. you say things have - changed. why have they changed? ukraine's appeal to western countries has been fairly consistent from the start. how do you gauge the response of western leaders so far if, as you say, it has changed, why is that? i you say, it has changed, why is that? 4' .,, that? i think the most important _ that? i think the most important thing - that? i think the most important thing is - that? |thinkthe most| important thing is that that? |thinkthe most - important thing is that ukraine has forced the russians to withdraw from their attacks on kyiv, chernihiv, to give up the occupation of chernobyl, to be pushed back around 0desa and

mykolaiv, and around kharkiv, so the west is seeing that ukraine is actually winning here, so assistance to ukraine will not be for nothing, it will not be for nothing, it will help them to better at winning the war, that is the first thing, the second is the atrocities in bucha, incredible war crimes by russia, just killing civilians in the streets, riding bicycles, walking down the street, people who have nothing to do with the fighting and the russians just execute them. so i think that there's another motivation that has caused the west to step in. and then finally it is the phase of the war that we are in, that russia has withdrawn from central and western ukraine, and it has served no strategic purpose and the purpose of russia is to consolidate control of eastern ukraine, mariupol, and if ukraine, mariupol, and if ukraine can stop that then it

will be a turning point in the war, so the assistance and support for ukraine right now is of the essence.— support for ukraine right now is of the essence. kurt volker, we appreciate _ is of the essence. kurt volker, we appreciate you _ is of the essence. kurt volker, we appreciate you joining - is of the essence. kurt volker, we appreciate you joining us, i we appreciate you joining us, former us ambassador to nato. a team of international scientists have been exploring a remote chain of islands off the coast of mexico — aiming to discover more about why volcanoes erupt. they also want to research the movement of tectonic plates and the cause of tsunamis. they hope the information could help provide an early warning system. the bbc�*s tim allman reports. they are amongst the most awe— inspiring, the most powerful and the most dangerous natural phenomena on earth. understanding why and when volcanoes erupt could save lives. so scientists have come here to one of the most remote

places on earth for possible answers. translation: the question that volcanologists always have is when will the next eruption take place? for that, we need monitoring. this and the reality is that volcanoes are not really monitored because there are very few resources for it. injanuary this year, a huge underwater volcano exploded near the pacific island of tonga. the eruption, believed to be the most powerful this century, created huge plumes of smoke and ash and also caused a tsunami. it's hoped by examining the rocks and minerals of these islands, scientists will gain a greater understanding of the tectonic plates. and what lies beneath. is the mantle pushing the plates? is the mantle doing nothing?

knowing that relative motion determines how big stresses are and forces are in the crust, and is those stresses and forces that we need to know in order to see how big earthquakes can be. a number of samples have been sent to europe for further analysis and it's hoped the research will bear fruit later this year. when it comes to volcanology, being forewarned is forearmed. tim allman, bbc news. for the first time in two years — rio's famous carnival has been taking place in brazil. the event was cancelled last year — and delayed this year — due to the coronavirus pandemic. thousands of locals and tourists were there for a display of dance, music and colour a reminder of our top story.... emmanuel macron has said he will work to reunite france after being re—elected president. he acknowledged many

had abstained or only voted for him to block his far right rival marine le pen. hello. the weekend brought us lots more dry and settled weather. now, april 2022 is turning out to be a notably dry april, particularly towards the south. this was the picture as the sun set in north yorkshire sunday evening, and we've got a bit more of the same. so, no great changes in the weather forecast over the next few days. it stays mainly dry and settled. you'll notice it'll be a little bit cooler and cloudier compared to the weekend, but also less of a breeze around, too. high pressure in charge of our weather at the moment, sitting to the north of the uk, but over the next few days, it drifts further south, sitting across the uk by the time we get to wednesday. monday morning, then, temperatures 4—8 degrees in our towns and cities. a bit colder than that in the countryside first thing, so a fresh start to the day. most places largely dry with some sunshine.

a bit more cloud drifting in from the east compared to recent days, bringing a few showers to parts of eastern england through the morning. and later in the afternoon, as the cloud bubbles up, could be one or two morejust drifting their way west across central england and wales, too. but many places staying dry, avoiding those showers. temperatures 16 degrees or so towards the south west, but only ten under that cloud across the north east of scotland. through monday evening and overnight into tuesday, we'll see a bit more of that cloud in the north starting to try and push its way a bit further south, but clearer skies towards parts of england and wales mean we could just see a touch of grass frost heading into the early hours of tuesday morning. so, again, a bit of a fresh start to the day, but another predominantly dry, settled day. probably a little bit more cloud, particularly across eastern parts of scotland and england, too. just one or two rogue showers, i think, developing during the afternoon. so, a little bit more cloud than recent days, still some sunshine, still mild towards the south, 16—17 degrees. but temperatures are going to struggle to get out of single figures for north east england and eastern scotland with that cloud around. the breeze coming off a cool north sea over the next few days.

a similar picture into wednesday, north—easterly breeze, but light winds for most. predominately dry once again, but a bit more cloud around, particularly towards the east, and temperatures between about 9—11t degrees by this stage in the week. high pressure then moves its way further south. not many isobars on the map here as we look through thursday and, in fact, into friday, too. so, the weather looking predominantly dry, variable amounts of cloud, some sunny spells and temperatures getting into the mid—teens for most of us. but it will be a largely dry end to a dry month. bye— bye.

this is bbc news. the headlines... emmanuel macron has won the french election and vowed to be a president for everyone. it's the first time in 20 years a french president has been returned to office. mr macron said he was aware that many people either abstained or voted for him to keep the far right out. marine le pen was defiant in defeat after scooping a record number of votes in the second round of the presidential election. she said the result shows the nationalist camp is the official opposition party and she'll use that leverage to fight the parliamentary elections injune. nigeria's president has described friday's deadly explosion at an illegal oil refinery as a national disaster and ordered the closure of all illegal refineries in the south—east of the country. at least 110 people died in the blast.