this is bbc news. the headlines: ukraine and russia have signed a deal which will allow the resumption of ukrainian grain exports from ports on the black sea. they had been blocked by russia, following the military invasion. russian exports will also be guaranteed safe passage. the un says the agreement could help millions avoid hunger. donald trump's former strategist, steve bannon, has been found guilty of contempt of congress. he was charged after refusing to testify to the inquiry into the january the sixth riots at the us capitol, and could face two

years in prison. large swathes of fires across europe and southeast asia. thousands told to evacuate. now, time for click. we have a tasty programme for you when is chocolate not chocolate? when it is made of... kinky salt! don't knock it until you tried it. u until you tried it. l] is feeling out of this world as she explores the new way to tidy up high—speed space trade.

we will be bathed in light and sound. i have no idea what to expect. and, spencertakes i have no idea what to expect. and, spencer takes a trip to an inner world. and, spencer takes a trip to an innerworld. looking and, spencer takes a trip to an inner world. looking at the inside of my own brain. did you find it? how dare you! 0k, what is this one? that's nice, 70% dark. good, you know your stuff. find good, you know your stuff. and this one? _ this one? that is very bitter, 90%, you? you're doing very well, and now for the big one. 0h, for the big one. oh, gosh. 0h! that is 100% chocolate, isn't it? that is awful! you did volunteered to be the want either chocolate. it has an impact on the environment as well as the communities that harvested, so my question to you is, do you think it is possible to create something that tasted like that chocolate without the cocoa?

well, you could probably create something that is brown, sweet stuff but if it doesn't have cocoa it is not chocolate, right? i have been to see a man who lives in a boat who has been stirring the pot. material scientist doctor johnny likes to wonder what things could be made of, whether it is a smart phone screen, the michelin star restaurant dishes he has created or wanting to figure out how to replace cocoa. this is a lab on the boat whether chocolate story begins. wow! welcome aboard. thank you. what is this? these are some _ thank you. what is this? these are some of — thank you. what is this? these are some of the _ thank you. what is this? these are some of the ingredients - thank you. what is this? these are some of the ingredients we i are some of the ingredients we started developing the chocolate with. kinky salt? laughs. those are salts from various places around the world on my travels. dried shrimp, that isn't for the chocolate, as it? that was some raw cocoa we were trying to imitate the start.

but in trying to find replacements, cocoa may not be an obvious one.— an obvious one. most people don't realise _ an obvious one. most people don't realise that _ an obvious one. most people don't realise that the - don't realise that the difference between cocoa and chocolate... wow, both are produced between ghana and the ivory coast in a way that involves outside water consumption, so about 20,000 litres of water per kilo, and thatis litres of water per kilo, and that is way more than beef, soy, avocados.— that is way more than beef, soy, avocados. and there are issues with — soy, avocados. and there are issues with labour _ soy, avocados. and there are issues with labour in - soy, avocados. and there are issues with labour in those i issues with labour in those parts of the world? add a conservative estimate it is thought that 1.5 million children are on these cacao farms. as this taking away income from countries that needed? countries that needed ? they countries that needed? they do need that income and those farmers do need to be supported by the state of the current cacao and chocolate industry is such that those people are working on $1 or less a day and it isn't an equitable trade. so this isjohnny�*s story. in birmingham near the's chocolate factory so sometimes we could smell the resting beans and it was delicious so i have always

eaten a lot chocolate and i started thinking, why does chocolate taste like chocolate? and, you know, if you put your scientist hat on it is just a bunch of compounds, and it is quite complex but essentially just a bunch of compounds, and then thinking, well, can you make that flavour profile starting from something that isn't meant beans? could you start with potatoes or rice? and what is it made from? well, we can't tell you the secrets of exactly what we do about our key ingredients are byellee, which has this, you know, rich tradition of being able to make whiskey and beer and also carob, and we found using this combination of fermentation and roasting, which is what you do to turn cacao into chocolate, we have taken that principle, that philosophy and turn these ingredients into this.

but is a start? with the mixing. it but is a start? with the mixina. ~ , , with the mixing. it keeps carindin with the mixing. it keeps grinding for— with the mixing. it keeps grinding for 48 _ with the mixing. it keeps grinding for 48 hours, - with the mixing. it keeps l grinding for 48 hours, after that, yes, wejust proceed grinding for 48 hours, after that, yes, we just proceed to temper the chocolate and mould it. this machine has to keep going for 48 hours? yes, that's correct. it looks pretty well mixed after 20 seconds but that isn't mixed? number, it isn't because it is all about the particle size. you want to have the smaller size is possible, us a special feeling in your mouth, you don't get the different grains of the different ingredients. well, that is quite a process, did normal chocolate go through that process was among yes, usually around the time, a bit more, but less, depends on the chocolate you are having. something i never knew about chocolate!— chocolate! no, it is very scientific, _ chocolate! no, it is very scientific, actually. - scientific, actually. that signs resulting in a mixture containing 15% less sugar than its chocolate

equivalent, and it is full of antioxidants and flavonoids, but how does it taste? 0k, but how does it taste? ok, that is looking particularly appetising so i will go for this verse. dried, eating on camera is always very messy. absolutely delicious! but i genuinely wouldn't know that that wasn't cocoa. amazing. it tastes... i would say that is about 60%, 70% cocoa. that is what we are aiming for this one. �* ., , this one. and that is the chocolate _ this one. and that is the chocolate that _ this one. and that is the chocolate that i - this one. and that is the chocolate that i like, - this one. and that is the chocolate that i like, so| this one. and that is the i chocolate that i like, so my daughter who loves a cadbury in a galaxy or milk chocolate, i'm not sure how she would feel better but somebody for dark chocolate, i could genuinely can't tell the difference. what will your price point below? initially we will go in at that level of luxury, premium dark chocolate but within two years we aim to have price parity with mass produced milk chocolate prices. and are you going to produce something more like the milk

chocolate? we will do both, we might even do a white chocolate ultimately. there are another couple of companies in the spaces well but these bars will go on sale later this year, and they aren't only for humans to enjoy. with no theobromine in it, unlike regular chocolate, you can get a piece to your dog, if you could bear to part with it! mmm, lovely. right, be honest, how take steady need for that was? they only let me have one! we all believe _ they only let me have one! we all believe you, don't you? now, have you ever use a dating app? now, have you ever use a dating a . . ? ., ., , ., app? no, married before i even have a smartphone, _ app? no, married before i even have a smartphone, how - app? no, married before i even have a smartphone, how about| have a smartphone, how about you? don't ask, actually. well, tender is the one,. and would you believe it is ten years old? well, a decade of people

swiping left and right. and for the first time the company is being run by a woman, but the question is, how does having a female boss affects something like a dating app? 0ur reporter has gained exclusive access to find out. let's add a bit of texture. now, relax! laughs. my name is anita, i am the ceo of tinder and i have the honour of tinder and i have the honour of allowing people all over the world to experience the magic of human connection. i actually met my future husband of tinder. i husband of tinder. iwas _ husband of tinder. i was on two years ago until i found — i was on two years ago until i found my— i was on two years ago until i found my boyfriend in 2017. as the _ found my boyfriend in 2017. as the first female ceo of tinder, do you feel more of a response ability to woman on the app? i thought we could do more to focus specifically on the experiences women were having. we increased the number of women on the product teams, so the people designing the experiences, the technologies on the app by 30%.

does more need to be done to increase the awareness of the safety features on tinder? since i have become ceo we have made trust and safety the heart of some of our marketing campaigns. i think that safety features could _ i think that safety features could be better. i personally didn't have any negative _ i personally didn't have any negative safety _ i personally didn't have any. negative safety experiences. i negative safety experiences. i feel — negative safety experiences. i feel like _ negative safety experiences. i feel like i_ negative safety experiences. i feel like i have _ negative safety experiences. i feel like i have to— negative safety experiences. i feel like i have to be - negative safety experiences. i feel like i have to be extral ifeel like i have to be extra cautious about my safety. being a south african woman, south africa is not the safest country for woman already. 0n tender we encourage everybody to be verified. in the months that it has been like — the months that it has been like we _ the months that it has been like we have seen that almost half of — like we have seen that almost half of women will self select to verify— half of women will self select to verify themselves. ultimately, i don't think it is tinder's _ ultimately, i don't think it is tinder's hundred _ ultimately, i don't think it is tinder's hundred %- tinder's hundred % responsibility- tinder's hundred % i responsibility looked tinder's hundred %- responsibility looked after tinder's hundred %_ responsibility looked after us, we need — responsibility looked after us, we need to— responsibility looked after us, we need to put— responsibility looked after us, we need to put some - responsibility looked after us, | we need to put some personal measures— we need to put some personal measures in— we need to put some personal measures in place _ we need to put some personal measures in place to - we need to put some personal measures in place to give - we need to put some personal measures in place to give us l measures in place to give us also — also. i before i also. - before i go on also. — before i go on a date, there are measures i take already. i tell two brands, i have a code red, i have my live location on one side, it has a lot of admin. imake sure admin. i make sure that i face time with— i make sure that i face time with these guys before i meet

them — with these guys before i meet them i— with these guys before i meet them. i wouldn'tjust go out with— them. i wouldn'tjust go out with them, having not actually seen _ with them, having not actually seen that _ with them, having not actually seen that their photo match that— seen that their photo match that the _ seen that their photo match that the person they were. we have _ that the person they were. we have a feature called, does this bother you? it makes it really easy to report something you may not feel entirely comfortable with. we have seen an increase of 50% of people reporting things they may not like. there has been an increase of crimes like sexual violence, reported starting on dating apps, how does tinder plan to tackle this poor woman? we are partnering with the uk ngo more. call no more. literally from the first message may set the tone but the relationships that you have. what is your future vision for tinder? we believe that from the next decade onwards most new connections, most new relationships will start online, and so we see it as a

responsibility to really ensure that there are connections that start on tender, that started that first swipe, our positive relationships. i have had the most adventures, and romantic adventures with partners _ and romantic adventures with partners i _ and romantic adventures with partners i have met on tinder. it partners i have met on tinder. it is _ partners i have met on tinder. it is a — partners i have met on tinder. it is a good _ partners i have met on tinder. it is a good way to meet people but i _ it is a good way to meet people but i recommended _ it is a good way to meet people but i recommended with - it is a good way to meet people but i recommended with somel but i recommended with some safety— but i recommended with some safety caveats _ but i recommended with some safety caveats today _ but i recommended with some safety caveats today because i but i recommended with somel safety caveats today because of and obviously— safety caveats today because of and obviously using _ safety caveats today because of and obviously using the - and obviously using the features— and obviously using the features tinder- and obviously using the features tinder has - and obviously using the - features tinder has introduced. it features tinder has introduced. it used — features tinder has introduced. it used to— features tinder has introduced. it used to he _ features tinder has introduced. it used to be the _ features tinder has introduced. it used to be the sort— features tinder has introduced. it used to be the sort of- features tinder has introduced. it used to be the sort of hook l it used to be the sort of hook up app it used to be the sort of hook up app but i have heard of more success stories of couples staying together, and so if we can, you know, if yourapp can create those sorts of relationships by saying, hey, we're going to make it really safe for you guys, people may stay in touch a lot longer, people may be more comical going at a meeting people they would normally would. people tell me all sorts of stories. _ people tell me all sorts of stories, sometimes they found the best— stories, sometimes they found the best friend tinder, sometimes their business partner, _ sometimes their business partner, but often it is the romantic— partner, but often it is the romantic stories that they have to talk — to tell. time for look at to ten. — time for look at the tech news. first up — snapchat is coming

to computers. the new snapchat for web will let you take snaps make video calls from the pc, lodged in some english—speaking countries first, rolled out later. and in amsterdam twitchcon has taken place, celebrating all things twitch streaming. run by the company itself, but flight cancellations have left several fans annoyed, and trust me you do not want to annoy a stryi bar. they didn't even send a single member of staff to see if we are ok. absolutely disgraceful. myself and god knows how many other people were left stranded last night, and probably for the next few nights in amsterdam with no, like, you, we were literally left there after leaving the airport for like ten hours. it's first cultivated pork sausage — the company has been working on the products as

lodging in 2018 and hopes to start selling to consumers by 2025. and, microsoft has launched a flight simulator for drones, it is intended to train the artificial intelligence systems of autonomous aircraft. space, the filthy frontier, the first object put into space in 1957, the public satellite. after 75 years of spacecraft, it is a lot easier to go for launch now, but a lot messier once you are up there. governments now have to share space with private companies, and without much in the way of regulation it is starting to get so congested. we don't know what is up there anymore. some estimates say around 5000 satellites in orbit with fewer

than half actually working. and when a satellite stops functioning, it still keeps orbiting which is a problem for the useful ones. two satellites when they die on his orbital highways keep going at satellites, when they die on these orbital highways, theyjust keep on going at these very fast speeds. some of the relative speeds between satellites that are crisscrossing each other is like 15 times the speed of a bullet. so that's pretty gnarly to think about. and, yeah, every once in a while, two of these things find each other in space at these very high speeds, collide and break up into very smaller pieces and that sort of stuff. and most of the things that could damage a satellite that's providing a service or a capability that we care about, most of those things are not trackable because they're too small. moriba's co—founder of privateer, which tracks space debris. it aims to collect information from many different origins, like telescopes and radars, physical sensors, even news articles, and turn it into usable data for developers. imagine a massive machine—readable spreadsheet where all the data is lined up

so the column headings make sense. it's one of many companies and space agencies taking part in the summit for space sustainability at london's science museum. these are the people hoping to clean up up there. and it's harder than you think, because you can't exactly use a vacuum cleaner in a vacuum. one solution is on—orbit servicing, removing old satellites and refuelling others — yes, a robot mechanic and tow truck in space. another outfit, clearspace's, concept shows four arms to catch and hug a dead satellite before cruelly pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up! sounds complicated ? well, it is rocket science. it is hard, technically. so, going up to space i and removing a satellite with some claws, robotic armj or some nets, it's hard to do, right, because operating - a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough to do. but it's also tough - politically and economically, and with regulations, l because there's no real rules that govern how l

we work in outer space. like me and the attendees, you'll have worked out why we want to keep things clean in orbit. we use satellites to check the weather, find our way around, even for financial transactions. and a quick look at nasa's interactive website, eyes on the earth, shows there's so much more we can do from space to help with earthbound challenges like climate change. so what sort of things can be measured from space that we might not know about? so, space data and measurements give us notjust beautiful pictures of the earth but also information about weather changes, the climate data, population density and other things that all can be integrated into the solutions that we really need. and here i'm talking about giving farmers, for example, real—time data about when's the best time to plant their harvests and when is the best time to harvest their fields. so we depend on space every day. check.

and it needs to be tidied up. check. so how do we help humans think as one big tribe? i mean, we allshare this planet, right? it's not going to be any one thing. governments are going to have to have more regulation. companies are going to have to engage in shared best practices. companies are going to have to exchange information. academia is going to have to continue to study this and give us the data so we can make decisions. most interestingly, these solutions come from companies that compete and cooperate with each other at the same time, an incredibly effective business model, sharing data and ideas to accelerate progress for everyone, because speed is of the essence when it comes to cleaning up after ourselves, then we can keep those orbital highways open for the next generation and beyond. spencer: that was lj cleaning up her space. 0k, your turn to close your eyes now. 0k. all right. i'm going to do this. now, what can you see? erm, patterns?

yeah. so, when people look at flickering lights through closed eyelids, different people see different things. it's like when you're on a train and the light�*s shining behind the trees and it comes and goes. exactly. and this is a phenomenon that's been known... you can open your eyes now, by the way. this is a phenomena that's been known about for quite a while. but now there is an experience which is part science, part art, part music and part light that's trying to find out more about how your brain works. and it's pretty trippy. in this building... ..in this room... ..i'm about to have an experience. what kind of experience? possibly this kind of experience. what i saw was like a deep sea. so it's like a sea, and i'm walking down the stairs into the water, and the water is very blue. and i step in the water to feel the atmosphere. and ifelt calm.

we've all been given blankets. we've been told that we've got to sit back and close our eyes and then we're going to be bathed in lights and sounds. and apart from that, i have no idea what to expect. so...here goes nothing. with this project, we wanted to give people a kind of experience where they for themselves recognise the power of their brain in generating everything they experience. i'm in the dream machine, a 30—minute sound and light show which you experience with your eyes closed. sounds weird, i know, and i think it's going to be. and, apparently, even though we're all under the same lights, our brains will do different things. some people see shapes and colours. some people are, like, just dreaming or having images of, i don't know, the sunshine or nature

or the ocean or colours and rainbows and travelling through space and dimensions. the lights go down, the music comes up and the dream machine begins. now, the full experience uses strobe lighting, which we can't show you on tv and which means that those who are sensitive to flashing lights will need to do the more gentle version. but what i felt and what i saw, even though my eyes were closed, was really unexpected. even though the strobes are only white light, through my eyelids i saw a kaleidoscope of colours. this is my best attempt to show you the kind of things that i experienced. and along with intricate, swirling and sparkling patterns, there was even something that looked a bit like i was flying through clouds. my brain seemed to take its best guess at what was going on based on the light

signals that it was getting. your brain is always trying to figure out what's going on, and we project patterns into things. and in the dream machine this is happening, i think to a large extent because the brain is not actually getting any structured visual input. it'sjust white light, it's just flickering white light. the brain is trying to make sense of it somehow, and it's very hard for it to make sense of what's going on so it makes up a lot of stuff. it makes up stuff that is, i think, very closely related to the underlying wiring of the brain. after the experience, we're invited to try and record what we saw by drawing or using particle simulators. but it was talking about it with my producer romana where we could best record our different experiences. i think the thing that was most amazing immediately was all the colours that i saw. i had loads of colours, whereas you...

just the blues and reds. yeah. no, i really enjoyed it, because i usually don't switch off easily, and here i am very much switched off. do you think you have no choice because your senses are being overwhelmed ? so for people who can't do it in calm situations, if you do the opposite and overwhelm people's senses, they have no choice but to go into almost a defensive meditative state. i think, yeah, because it's really hard for me to enter that stage where i don't have mental chatter, where my mental chatter was gone. but then i was also not "sleeping" sleeping. so it was, i guess, what they say with different brain wavelengths. i'd love to see, actually — which one was i on? and it turns out that romana was spot—on. we use a number of different frequencies in the dream machine of the flashing light, but the frequencies that are most effective are ones that are around 10 hertz, ten cycles per second, because that's a similar frequency to what we call the alpha rhythm in the brain. one of the things that's happening in the dream machine

is that your brain is sinking to the frequency of the light. the dream machine was, for me, calming but fascinating. and through thousands of drawings from participants, plus an accompanying online perception census, anil is hoping to learn more about how and why each of us experiences the world differently. the patterns that people see, the colours that people see, the movement that people see, that's very, very tightly linked to the organisation, the wiring, if you like, of the visual cortex in the brain. and it seems that what's happening is that by the strobe light activating the visual cortex in a situation where it's not expecting to be activated because your eyes are closed, deep—seated aspects of the wiring of the brain itself kind of surface into our experience. we see reflections and shadows of the brain looking at itself. you felt like you were flying.

did you really feel weightless? not really. i think my brain was just trying to take its best guess at what was going on based on the signals that it was getting. and everyone has a different experience. they do. and that's why they're trying to get as many people involved as possible, so the dream machine is leaving london this weekend and then it's going on to belfast and to edinburgh. anyway, that's it from us. i'm going to make lara try and feel like she's flying now. 0k. and i'm going to feed spencer some more chocolate. who needs dating apps, eh? see you. bye— bye! hi. we are forecasting rain this weekend, but not an awful lot of it, and most of it will fall in western areas of the uk, particularly the northwest. there'll be some sunshine around, too, and many of us will actually escape the rain

all together, rain that altogether, rain that we really need because the gardens are very parched. so, here's the low pressure that will approach us. in fact, it's approaching us right now, the unsettled weather out towards the west. but ahead of this weather front in east anglia and the southeast, we'll see very warm weather as south—westerly winds develop and tap into some of that heat that's across france right now. but let's have a look at the here and now and the rain approaching northern ireland through early saturday morning. elsewhere, it's generally dry, quite a bright start to the day — a mild one, too, 17 celsius in london, 15 in hull and around 14 in the lowlands of scotland. so the forecast for saturday shows increasing amounts of cloud out towards the west. you can see that rain moves in, it's a fairly broken area of rain, so it'll wax and wane through the morning, into the afternoon, and in fact, if anything, the skies may clear in northern ireland middle of the day, and it'll be quite sunny and pleasant with temperatures up to 20 degrees. it'll stay dry generally

east of the pennines, across east anglia and the south coast. so a fine day for portsmouth, southampton, brighton, and temperatures will be in the low 20s. but towards evening, notice this lump of rain heads towards northern ireland and southwestern scotland, and that could really be quite heavy for a time saturday night into sunday. here's sunday's weather forecast. so the low pressure, slow—moving and just to the northwest of us, brisk south—westerly winds pushing in clouds and showers, but most of the showers escaping east anglia and the southeast, where warm south—westerly winds will draw in that heat from france. so temperatures temporarily reaching 30 celsius there in norwich, and by that, i mean it'sjust going to be the one day. in fact, by the time we get to monday, and this is monday's weather map, the low pressure moves out into the north sea. 0n the back side of it, the winds are coming in from the north. so fresher conditions sweep across the country and it'll cool off. so, here's the forecast for a few cities, then, northern areas staying a little unsettled into monday and fresher.

further south, also cooling off, but staying generally dry. bye— bye.

this is bbc news. i'm tim willcox. our top stories: ukraine and russia sign a deal allowing the resumption of ukrainian grain exports from ports on the black sea. the un says the deal must not fail. many people are at risk of famine, so there is a moral obligation on all those involved in this process to make it a success. we report from the farms on the frontline in the donbas region, which have now become a battleground. a deal to end russia's blockade could make a huge difference, but it won't end the war, and so here in the donbas, ukrainian farmers are racing to harvest and to store what they can, whatever the risks.

steve bannon, the former aide to president trump,