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agreed to restart grain exports now on bbc news... split at birth: twins divided in the 1960s, an adoption agency split up infant twins and placed them in different families as part of a controversial study, having a seismic impact on many of their lives. february of 2018, there was a 2020 episode about the louise wise agency separating identical twins back in the mid �*60s, and my older sister who was adopted, called me and said, can you imagine if either of us was a twin? and i remember getting a shiver all over my body thinking, wow, what if this was real? in the 1960s, an adoption agency in new york, the louise wise services, began a policy to deliberately split up identical and fraternal twins, and place the infants

in different families. the adoptive parents were never told that their children had siblings. any louise wise adoptee in the 605 has every right to think perhaps they have a twin. the separated twins were placed in a controversial study to explore what makes us who we are, and how much is defined by nature versus nurture. but at what cost? it's so emotional for me. what they did was so| unethical, so amoral. stories of twins have long captured human imagination. there is something beguiling about having an identical copy of yourself, and the resulting bond that would create. hi. hello. which one's which? i'm pam. i'm pauline.

identical twins share all their genes having split from a single fertilised egg in the first two weeks after conception. fraternal twins share half their genes on average. they result when a women releases to eggs at the same time and they are fertilised by two separate sperm, so they have 50% of their genes in common on average, like ordinary siblings. comparing resemblance in identical twins to fraternal twins, gives a handle on whether or not genetics has an effect. it would, if identical twins were more alike than fraternals, and they invariably are. for decades, they have been the focus of scientific research. the study in new york came to light when identical triplets who were separated at birth accidentally discovered each other. studying twins gives us enormous insight into how we come to be the way that we are. twin studies are a natural model. looking at genetic and environmental influence on behaviour and what we're finding is that many

more behaviours than we would have thought do have a genetic component to them. tea is served. thank you very much. to try to understand the unique relationship twins have, i went to visit pauline and pamela, identical twins who grew up together in east london. i can look at her and i know what she's thinking. and i know what she is feeling. and if it is something funny then, that's it. you can't do a thing with us, can you? and tell me a bit more about what your unique bond is like. it's so hard to describe, but our lives, because of the virtue that we are twins, i think it's more entwined. it is like you are the other half. we have always said that. i think that is right. we knew we started off. as one and then we split. and it feels like that. we look so alike i cannot tell us apart, could you? - no. me and my shadow, it is unique and we're lucky to have it. - what was it like growing up

with identical twin? we always knew when there was something wrong with the other one. so you're always there. she's going to cry now. i spent many years looking at identical and fraternal twins who have been separated at birth. it is very important to include the fraternals because they are the natural control group, and what got me into twin research initially is because i am a fraternal twin and i was fascinated with the similarities and differences, mostly differences, that my sister and i have. i used to wonder as a child how this could be if we had the same parents and same environment. though it is rare, twins are raised apart for a variety of reasons, from parents splitting up and taking one child each to mix ups in infant wards, but never before had twins been separated as part of policy. when i first got to the university of minnesota in 1982 i heard about this controversial study in new york city that took place in the 1960s and '70s in which an adoption agency,

the louise wise services, felt that it was beneficial to twins to be separated, to grow up to develop their own identity. at the time, there was a researcher, dr peter neubauer, at the child development centre at the jewish board of guardians, who had wanted to study twins raised apart, and here was his sample. neubauer had a colleague and friend, viola bernard, who was the adviser to the adoption agency, called louise wise services. so she placed a set of twins into different families back in the 19505. when she told neubauer about it he said, they must be studied. the scientists, you know, - they were the masterminds of this study, neubauer and benard. kathy and her sister, lori, were deliberately divided as infants as part of the research programme. they only met as

teenagers by chance. we were really deprived - of being sisters, let alone twins. i think it was just - horrible what they did. we met with dr viola bernard to find out why they split us up and she just kept saying, they were satisfying, you know, two families who could not have children. we thought it would be better when it comes to competition, for twins to have their own identity. and not grow up together. parents would dress them alike and treat them exactly the same and in her terminology, shared an ego. so she did not think that was very healthy. they said it was backed by the child development literature at the time but i can tell you, honestly, there is no such child development literature in existence. they never named studies. the louise wise services and thejewish board of guardians, both once well—respected entities, have long since shutdown, passing on the adoption and research records to spence—chapin and thejewish board respectively.

thejewish board strongly distance themselves from the research. there are fraternal twins separated but not studied. allison and her fraternal twin sister michelle were split up by the agency. they met by chance as adults, age 5a. i've been talking to a new york times reporter, and she said you really should take this, because this is maybe bigger than you. this is my first conversation with her. it feels like yesterday. i really think we owe a lot of people some help with this too, it was such a wrong that they did. as the adoption agency began to split up twins, social workers within the agency voiced objections. so, even though viola bernard was able to push this through, it was not unanimous by any stretch of the imagination and that was not something neubauer had let on. he said, this was the practice of the time.

they split us up to study us. we were part of this child study. nature versus nurture. lawrence perlman was briefly involved in the original study as a young postgraduate. he is one of the few researchers who have spoken publicly about their experiences. ijoined a study in 1968. i was 24. myjob was to organise the data and it was a wealth of data. so the idea was to try to tease out what differences there might be as a result of the different families that they were raised in. thus, to be able to understand the relative contribution of hereditary versus environment. part of what we did during the time i was on the study, which was maybe ten months, was to go and visit the twins and i would test the child and do some film samples of them. they would give me these exams, ithese tests and would be filming |

i them and i think i felt very anxiousl when they would come to the house. and there were many, many tests given to them. intelligence, personality, emotionality. they were filmed, they were photographed, they were observed. the reason it was done was because the researchers felt the previous twins raised apart studies looked retrospectively at development and really they could not capture development in real—time. here was an opportunity to track development in real time as it unfolded. the twins were placed with adopted families who were not told the real purpose of the study. they were told only that their child was in a child development study, was already enrolled, and it was obvious if they did not accept the study, they did not accept researchers coming

to the home periodically, they probably would not get this child. they all had an older sibling who had been adopted from louise wise and that was the hook they had in terms of getting parents to agree because they had an older sibling adopted there was a sense of how confident the parents were. these were parents desperate to have children. as one mother put it, i would learn to fly if i could have a child and so they could learn more about their child in psychology and adoption. my mother was a psych major, - and she knew the importance of child development studies. the fact that it was a twin study, they were not told the truth. - the study soon run into issues. as the children began to age, some of them were upset by the study and didn't want to do it any longer. apparently the researchers ran out of funding. it had always been a shoestring operation. it was really self—funded,

pretty much, by neubauer and benard. and so the study pretty much came to a close but there were other problems, too. in the late 1970s, there was a real interest in informed consent procedures in this country. arthur caplan is a professor at nyu and medical ethics expert. so the landscape of ethics in research during the �*60s was a mixed bag. we had terrible experiments conducted by german scientists in the nazi regime in the concentration camps, and as a result it issued codes of ethics to bind researchers internationally. the number one principle in those codes, the helsinki code of ethics was the informed consent of all subjects is absolutely essential. however, there were violations

of that code which, by the way, was written by western judges including americans. it was as if we said, well, the nazis had done bad things but american researchers, we don't have to worry about that, we would not do such bad things. but we were doing terrible things and this twin experiment took place during the 60s as part of a series of these violations. there were informed consent forms drafted but never properly signed. they try to make it ethical in the '70s by getting parents to sign it but some did not and some did not think the form adequately covered what their child had been through. children who were related to one another and adopted to different families, and the children and the families did not know they siblings and that is an incredible violation of their right to know. when they are dragooned or bamboozled into the study they absolutely have a right to know. —it was wrong, unethical

and damaging to individuals. after an offer to pursue a career, lawrence perlman resigned resigned from the programme afterjust 10 months. i wondered what had been the outcome of the study. years went by and i never heard of any reports. that was surprising, because this was such a unique study. i became an investigative reporter, essentially. and began to track down people who knew anything about the study. eventually, perlman would meet psychologist and twin specialist, segal, and together they would confront a 91—year—old neubauer at his office on madison avenue. nancy had asked, how they could justify separating these twins without informing the parents? and he defended the practice, saying that, again, it was viola bernard's idea. he was not going to acknowledge any responsibility for having done anything wrong so he just

dug his heels in. so he asked, what was the plan if they had met one another by chance, because they were all in the metropolitan area? kathy and lori did almost met by accident. when i was around six, _ i used to play with my neighbour two doors down, bruce and amy, and they said to me, - kathy we met a girl who looked just like you and acted - like you and talks like - you and i never forget barry, who is my fiance now, - and his brother when i was in fifth grade said, _ we met your twin sister and i said, i don't have a twin sister- and he said, oh yes, you do. the girls were pulled from the study after researchers became aware, because they felt it

would affect the data. the horrible thing about this was that viola bernard told both parents these twins cannot meet and do not tell them that they are twins, so the parents had to live with this difficult important knowledge and never tell their child. both girls were dancers and when they met, they were 17 and they met without their parents knowledge. i saw lori crossing the street, - and ijust saw the way she walked and the big smile on her face. yeah, then we hugged. it was quite an experience. it was surreal. i felt that i was staring at myself in the mirror. i was in such awe of the whole thing. there were so many similarities and we shared so many similarl feelings and perceptions and artistic inclinations. |

when i met with these kids i was struck by how similar they were. notjust the similar physical appearance but whole personalities. it was quite clear to me that the genetic influences were very strong. these were psychoanalytically orientated researchers who placed heavy weight on environmental influences on parenting and suddenly they are confronted with twins raised apart to end up being very, very similar. the beauty of identical twins raised apart is that they share only their genes and not their environment so any resemblance between them is tied to their common genes. genetics is not everything, but it does explain a great deal of why we differ, one person to another. we find that height and weight have substantial genetic components. we found that general intelligence

has a substantial genetic components a little less than some of the physical traits like height and weight and brainwaves. nevertheless, a substantial genetic component as does special mental abilities, and then we drop down a bit when we get to job satisfaction. probably the most surprising findings have been things like religiosity. how much you invest in religious activities and interests and political attitudes and social attitudes have a genetic component to them. these findings come from years of data collected from retrospective studies of twins raised apart, and not the neubauer—bernard project, which itself was fundamentally flawed as it did not include a control group of fraternal twins, who were also separated. this was the reality of allison and michelle, even though they were not studied. my son gets an e—mail on ancestry from a women in newjersey who basically blurts out and says, i am your mother's twin sister.

michelle and i got connected and were reunited and it was unbelievable. you know, physically there were a lot of things that were similar. you could tell we were sisters. there's a lot of pictures of us wearing clothing that is so similar and we grew up on opposite coasts so it is pretty incredible. the more we got to know each other, the more that we realised we were similar. emotionally. and how we looked at life and how we lived our life. we find some amazing similarities in identical twins raised apart, many more that we would have anticipated notjust in the more traditional areas but in some unusual habits such as a pair of twins who both used to scatter love letters around the house to their wives, and both bit their nails and had the same mixed headache

syndrome described in the same way, as if someone was beating on the head with a hammer. these are very challenging and you can ask yourself are these due to random chance? my answer to that is no, they're not. and the rarer they are the more i believe it is somehow tied to their genes and how that interacts with their environment to produce these kinds of unusual similarities. this is certainly the case for pauline and pamela who mirror each other in extraordinary ways. i always knew she was pregnant more or less _ i always knew she was pregnant more or less at _ i always knew she was pregnant more or less at the — i always knew she was pregnant more or less at the same _ i always knew she was pregnant more or less at the same time _ i always knew she was pregnant more or less at the same time she - i always knew she was pregnant more or less at the same time she did, - or less at the same time she did, because — or less at the same time she did, because i— or less at the same time she did, because i always _ or less at the same time she did, because i always used _ or less at the same time she did, because i always used to - or less at the same time she did, because i always used to get - or less at the same time she did, because i always used to get thei because i always used to get the pregnancy— because i always used to get the pregnancy arthritis _ because i always used to get the pregnancy arthritis in _ because i always used to get the pregnancy arthritis in my- because i always used to get thel pregnancy arthritis in my fingers. she used — pregnancy arthritis in my fingers. she used to — pregnancy arthritis in my fingers. she used to come _ pregnancy arthritis in my fingers. she used to come to— pregnancy arthritis in my fingers. she used to come to me - pregnancy arthritis in my fingers. she used to come to me and - pregnancy arthritis in my fingers. | she used to come to me and say, vou're _ she used to come to me and say, youte pregnant _ she used to come to me and say, you're pregnant are _ she used to come to me and say, you're pregnant are new. - she used to come to me and say, you're pregnant are new. we - she used to come to me and say, you're pregnant are new. we do. she used to come to me and say, i you're pregnant are new. we do sort of mirror— you're pregnant are new. we do sort of mirror each — you're pregnant are new. we do sort of mirror each other, _ you're pregnant are new. we do sort of mirror each other, and _ you're pregnant are new. we do sort of mirror each other, and it - you're pregnant are new. we do sort of mirror each other, and it is - of mirror each other, and it is bizarre — of mirror each other, and it is bizarre. ~ , ., , ., ., bizarre. when people hear about twin studies, bizarre. when people hear about twin studies. and — bizarre. when people hear about twin studies, and how— bizarre. when people hear about twin studies, and how much _ bizarre. when people hear about twin studies, and how much my _ bizarre. when people hear about twin studies, and how much my nature - studies, and how much my nature seems to be genetically determined, does that take away from our own sense of agency or our own control? it is very important to appreciate that genes do not work in determinative waves, they are predisposed, but they do not provide

the finat— predisposed, but they do not provide the final word. just because you have _ the final word. just because you have a _ the final word. just because you have a gene, doesn't mean it will always— have a gene, doesn't mean it will always be — have a gene, doesn't mean it will always be expressed. it takes a certain— always be expressed. it takes a certain environment to bring that out. certain environment to bring that out we — certain environment to bring that out we att— certain environment to bring that out. we all have genes that will be exposed _ out. we all have genes that will be exposed certain environment. sometimes gene expression can occur in one _ sometimes gene expression can occur in one twin, _ sometimes gene expression can occur in one twin, and not the other, and this can _ in one twin, and not the other, and this can create differences between thenr~ _ this can create differences between them. these environmental differences that triggered different .ene differences that triggered different gene expressions might even start in the wrong _ gene expressions might even start in the wrong. it doesn't mean were set in stone, _ the wrong. it doesn't mean were set in stone, that we can't change. described — in stone, that we can't change. described me how you compliment each other? {th described me how you compliment each other? , ., .., described me how you compliment each other? , ., ., described me how you compliment each other? , ., .. ., ., other? of your identical, and that bond is always — other? of your identical, and that bond is always there, _ other? of your identical, and that bond is always there, you - other? of your identical, and that bond is always there, you have i other? of your identical, and that l bond is always there, you have your own opinions — bond is always there, you have your own opinions on _ bond is always there, you have your own opinions on new— bond is always there, you have your own opinions on new personalities. | own opinions on new personalities. pauline _ own opinions on new personalities. pautine had — own opinions on new personalities. pautine had one _ own opinions on new personalities. pauline had one half— own opinions on new personalities. pauline had one half in— own opinions on new personalities. pauline had one half in the - own opinions on new personalities. i pauline had one half in the bedroom and i_ pauline had one half in the bedroom and i have _ pauline had one half in the bedroom and i have the — pauline had one half in the bedroom and i have the other, _ pauline had one half in the bedroom and i have the other, hers— pauline had one half in the bedroom and i have the other, hers was- pauline had one half in the bedroom and i have the other, hers was all. and i have the other, hers was all pristine _ and i have the other, hers was all pristine and — and i have the other, hers was all pristine and dusted, _ and i have the other, hers was all pristine and dusted, and - and i have the other, hers was all pristine and dusted, and mine - and i have the other, hers was alll pristine and dusted, and mine was and i have the other, hers was all. pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip. pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip i_ pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip iwas— pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip. iwasvery— pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip. iwasverygirty_ pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip. i was very girly and _ pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip. i was very girly and she - pristine and dusted, and mine was a tip. i was very girly and she was - tip. i was very girly and she was very— tip. i was very girly and she was very tonrboyish _ tip. i was very girly and she was very tomboyish._ very tomboyish. pam is more academic. — very tomboyish. pam is more academic, pam _ very tomboyish. pam is more academic, pam is _ very tomboyish. pam is more academic, pam is dyslexic, i very tomboyish. pam is more - academic, pam is dyslexic, she's a lot more creative, i'm not at all

creative. when i was a child, one thing i always wanted to do is join the police, from about the age of four. ~ , ,., the police, from about the age of four. ~ , . four. we ended up both police officers, four. we ended up both police officers. but — four. we ended up both police officers, but if _ four. we ended up both police officers, but if you _ four. we ended up both police officers, but if you had - four. we ended up both police officers, but if you had told i four. we ended up both police officers, but if you had told be four. we ended up both police i officers, but if you had told be in my 20 _ officers, but if you had told be in my 20 an — officers, but if you had told be in my 20 an 30s, _ officers, but if you had told be in my 20 an30s. i— officers, but if you had told be in my 20 an 30s, i would _ officers, but if you had told be in my 20 an 30s, i would have - officers, but if you had told be in my 20 an 30s, i would have told | officers, but if you had told be in- my 20 an 30s, i would have told you, never _ my 20 an 30s, i would have told you, never in _ my 20 an 30s, i would have told you, never in a _ my 20 an 30s, i would have told you, never in a million _ my 20 an 30s, i would have told you, never in a million years. _ my 20 an 30s, i would have told you, never in a million years. it's - never in a million years. it's weird. — never in a million years. it's weird, because _ never in a million years. it's weird, because a _ never in a million years. it's weird, because a lot - never in a million years. it's weird, because a lot of- never in a million years. it'sj weird, because a lot of time never in a million years. it's - weird, because a lot of time twins grow— weird, because a lot of time twins grow apart, — weird, because a lot of time twins growapart, but— weird, because a lot of time twins grow apart, but we've _ weird, because a lot of time twins grow apart, but we've grown - weird, because a lot of time twins grow apart, but we've grown intol grow apart, but we've grown into each _ grow apart, but we've grown into each other, — grow apart, but we've grown into each other, we _ grow apart, but we've grown into each other, we look— grow apart, but we've grown into each other, we look more - grow apart, but we've grown into each other, we look more like i grow apart, but we've grown into . each other, we look more like now. we witi— each other, we look more like now. we will took— each other, we look more like now. we will look after— each other, we look more like now. we will look after each _ each other, we look more like now. we will look after each other- each other, we look more like now. we will look after each other for- each other, we look more like now. we will look after each other for as| we will look after each other for as lon- we will look after each other for as tong as _ we will look after each other for as tong as we — we will look after each other for as tong as we can, _ we will look after each other for as long as we can, will— we will look after each other for as long as we can, will do— we will look after each other for as long as we can, will do that - we will look after each other for asj long as we can, will do that forever now, _ long as we can, will do that forever now. really — long as we can, will do that forever now. really i— long as we can, will do that forever now. really-— now, really. i think it would be the cruellest thing, _ now, really. i think it would be the cruellest thing, if _ now, really. i think it would be the cruellest thing, if you're _ now, really. i think it would be the cruellest thing, if you're a - now, really. i think it would be the cruellest thing, if you're a twin, i cruellest thing, if you're a twin, and you didn't know you're time, until you reach a certain age, you would have got on with your life. 0nce would have got on with your life. once you're actually told, when i look back at everything we've done together from the dot, i would feel so cross and so angry on that we've missed out on all these chances in the unique relationship that we've got. you would never have that, you would never have that for person next to you, so i think it's tragic.

you can really cause severe harm, marital— you can really cause severe harm, marital disruption, _ you can really cause severe harm, marital disruption, battles - you can really cause severe harm, marital disruption, battles down . you can really cause severe harm, i marital disruption, battles down the road between — marital disruption, battles down the road between children _ marital disruption, battles down the road between children and - marital disruption, battles down the road between children and parents, | road between children and parents, the potential— road between children and parents, the potential for— road between children and parents, the potential for harm _ road between children and parents, the potential for harm is _ road between children and parents, the potential for harm is real, - road between children and parents, the potential for harm is real, the l the potential for harm is real, the potential— the potential for harm is real, the potential for — the potential for harm is real, the potential for violation _ the potential for harm is real, the potential for violation of - the potential for harm is real, the potential for violation of basic i potential for violation of basic rights. — potential for violation of basic rights, absolutely— potential for violation of basic rights, absolutely present. i potential for violation of basic i rights, absolutely present. once reunited, allison _ rights, absolutely present. once reunited, allison and _ rights, absolutely present. reunited, allison and michelle rights, absolutely presentm reunited, allison and michelle had less than three years together. michelle passed away from pancreatic cancer in early 2022. allison feels her loss keenly. i cancer in early 2022. allison feels her loss keenly.— her loss keenly. i was in all how brirht her loss keenly. i was in all how bright and _ her loss keenly. i was in all how bright and funny _ her loss keenly. i was in all how bright and funny and _ her loss keenly. i was in all how bright and funny and smart i her loss keenly. i was in all how bright and funny and smart she | her loss keenly. i was in all how- bright and funny and smart she was. literally to the very end. i try to learn from that, and live from that, and try to have that be the way that i'm living my life, because i met her. ., ., ., ., , her. from lori and kathy, the impact of findin: her. from lori and kathy, the impact of finding out — her. from lori and kathy, the impact of finding out that _ her. from lori and kathy, the impact of finding out that they _ her. from lori and kathy, the impact of finding out that they were - of finding out that they were separated was profound. taste of finding out that they were separated was profound. we could never no separated was profound. we could never go back. _ separated was profound. we could never go back, because _ separated was profound. we could never go back, because we - separated was profound. we could never go back, because we were i never go back, because we were twins. _ never go back, because we were twins. but — never go back, because we were twins. but we _ never go back, because we were twins, but we weren't _ never go back, because we were twins, but we weren't sisters. i never go back, because we werel twins, but we weren't sisters. we didn't— twins, but we weren't sisters. we didn't grow— twins, but we weren't sisters. we didn't grow up _ twins, but we weren't sisters. we

didn't grow up together. - twins, but we weren't sisters. we didn't grow up together. even i twins, but we weren't sisters. we didn't grow up together. even toi didn't grow up together. even to this day. — didn't grow up together. even to this day. that _ didn't grow up together. even to this day, that has _ didn't grow up together. even to this day, that has been - didn't grow up together. even to this day, that has been a - didn't grow up together. even to this day, that has been a very. this day, that has been a very difficult — this day, that has been a very difficult part— this day, that has been a very difficult part of— this day, that has been a very difficult part of our— this day, that has been a very. difficult part of our relationship. maybe _ difficult part of our relationship. maybe you — difficult part of our relationship. maybe you meet— difficult part of our relationship. maybe you meet somebody, i. difficult part of our relationship. i maybe you meet somebody, i would difficult part of our relationship. - maybe you meet somebody, i would say i'm a maybe you meet somebody, i would say i'm a twin. _ maybe you meet somebody, i would say i'm a twin. that— maybe you meet somebody, i would say i'm a twin, that must've _ maybe you meet somebody, i would say i'm a twin, that must've been _ maybe you meet somebody, i would say i'm a twin, that must've been so - i'm a twin, that must've been so much _ i'm a twin, that must've been so much fun— i'm a twin, that must've been so much fun up— i'm a twin, that must've been so much fun up together, _ i'm a twin, that must've been so much fun up together, dressingl i'm a twin, that must've been so i much fun up together, dressing the same. _ much fun up together, dressing the same. looking— much fun up together, dressing the same, looking the _ much fun up together, dressing the same, looking the same. _ much fun up together, dressing the same, looking the same. instead i much fun up together, dressing the| same, looking the same. instead of saying _ same, looking the same. instead of saying no. _ same, looking the same. instead of saying no. that _ same, looking the same. instead of saying no, that didn't— same, looking the same. instead of saying no, that didn't happen, i same, looking the same. instead of saying no, that didn't happen, we i saying no, that didn't happen, we were _ saying no, that didn't happen, we were separated, _ saying no, that didn't happen, we were separated, i— saying no, that didn't happen, we were separated, i would - saying no, that didn't happen, we were separated, i would lie, i saying no, that didn't happen, we i were separated, i would lie, because i 'ust were separated, i would lie, because ijust didn't _ were separated, i would lie, because ijust didn't feel— were separated, i would lie, because ijust didn't feel like _ were separated, i would lie, because ijust didn't feel like going _ were separated, i would lie, because ijust didn't feel like going into- ijust didn't feel like going into the whole _ ijust didn't feel like going into the whole story. _ ijust didn't feel like going into the whole story. to _ ijust didn't feel like going into the whole story. to continue i ijust didn't feel like going into. the whole story. to continue the legacy— the whole story. to continue the legacy of— the whole story. to continue the legacy of this _ the whole story. to continue the legacy of this secret _ the whole story. to continue the legacy of this secret sister, i the whole story. to continue the legacy of this secret sister, it's i legacy of this secret sister, it's been _ legacy of this secret sister, it's been difficult, _ legacy of this secret sister, it's been difficult, so _ legacy of this secret sister, it's been difficult, so i'm _ legacy of this secret sister, it's been difficult, so i'm sort- legacy of this secret sister, it's been difficult, so i'm sort of. legacy of this secret sister, it's i been difficult, so i'm sort of glad that hopefutty _ been difficult, so i'm sort of glad that hopefully people _ been difficult, so i'm sort of glad that hopefully people will- been difficult, so i'm sort of glad that hopefully people will see i been difficult, so i'm sort of glad i that hopefully people will see this. maybe _ that hopefully people will see this. maybe it _ that hopefully people will see this. maybe it doesn't _ that hopefully people will see this. maybe it doesn't have _ that hopefully people will see this. maybe it doesn't have to _ that hopefully people will see this. maybe it doesn't have to be - that hopefully people will see this. maybe it doesn't have to be such i that hopefully people will see this. maybe it doesn't have to be such aj maybe it doesn't have to be such a bil maybe it doesn't have to be such a big secret — maybe it doesn't have to be such a big secret any _ maybe it doesn't have to be such a big secret any more. _ maybe it doesn't have to be such a big secret any more.— big secret any more. she's like my best friend — big secret any more. she's like my best friend now. _ big secret any more. she's like my best friend now. it _ big secret any more. she's like my best friend now. it is _ big secret any more. she's like my best friend now. it is a _ big secret any more. she's like my best friend now. it is a loving i best friend now. it is a loving relationship. _ best friend now. it is a loving relationship. so _ best friend now. it is a loving relationship. so whatever i best friend now. it is a loving i relationship. so whatever happened to all the data _ relationship. so whatever happened to all the data that _ relationship. so whatever happened to all the data that was _ relationship. so whatever happened to all the data that was collected? l to all the data that was collected? the data was a mess. it was just not

well organised. they didn't really seem to have an understanding of the proper way to handle it from a scientific viewpoint. they were threatened with lawsuits, and nothing was published. ilrtui’itli nothing was published. with permission. _ nothing was published. with permission, i— nothing was published. with permission, i did _ nothing was published. with permission, i did request the video footage from kathy and lori, but i was told that due to privacy concerns we can share the data with anyone else. concerns we can share the data with anyone else-— concerns we can share the data with an one else. .,, ., ., .., anyone else. people wonder, what can we do now? — anyone else. people wonder, what can we do now? the _ anyone else. people wonder, what can we do now? the first _ anyone else. people wonder, what can we do now? the first thing _ anyone else. people wonder, what can we do now? the first thing we - anyone else. people wonder, what can we do now? the first thing we can i anyone else. people wonder, what can we do now? the first thing we can do i we do now? the first thing we can do is make sure every twin that was involved in the study knows it. they are right find out what the findings were when they participated in the study, i say, were when they participated in the study, isay, you were when they participated in the study, i say, you should publish that, or i want that released. it that, or i want that released. it has been sequestered and placed under— has been sequestered and placed under seal in the university archives. _ under seal in the university archives, and not to be released untit— archives, and not to be released until 2065 _ archives, and not to be released until 2065. the researchers, who are now deceased, say this was to protect— now deceased, say this was to protect the twins, i do not believe that for—

protect the twins, i do not believe that for a — protect the twins, i do not believe that for a moment, protect the twins, i do not believe that fora moment, i protect the twins, i do not believe that for a moment, i believe it was to protect — that for a moment, i believe it was to protect why keep the records under— to protect why keep the records under seal? the only expedition i can come — under seal? the only expedition i can come up with is, embarrassment. the experimenters cast a long shadow. it the experimenters cast a long shadow. . ~ . the experimenters cast a long shadow. . ~ , ., ., ., shadow. it makes me emotional thinkin: shadow. it makes me emotional thinking about _ shadow. it makes me emotional thinking about it, _ shadow. it makes me emotional thinking about it, because i i thinking about it, because i believe, being fraternal twins, we felt we were collateral damage in this whole louise wise services scheme. i this whole louise wise services scheme. ., , scheme. i would say it is challenging _ scheme. i would say it is challenging enough i scheme. i would say it is| challenging enough being scheme. i would say it is i challenging enough being an scheme. i would say it is _ challenging enough being an adopted child, than challenging enough being an adopted child. than to — challenging enough being an adopted child, than to deprive _ challenging enough being an adopted child, than to deprive me _ challenging enough being an adopted child, than to deprive me of- challenging enough being an adopted child, than to deprive me of being . challenging enough being an adopted child, than to deprive me of being a i child, than to deprive me of being a twin, _ child, than to deprive me of being a twin. and _ child, than to deprive me of being a twin. and having _ child, than to deprive me of being a twin, and having a _ child, than to deprive me of being a twin, and having a sister, _ child, than to deprive me of being a twin, and having a sister, i- child, than to deprive me of being a twin, and having a sister, i was - twin, and having a sister, i was just— twin, and having a sister, i was just horrible~ _ twin, and having a sister, i was just horrible. in _ twin, and having a sister, i was just horrible.— just horrible. in the name of scientific— just horrible. in the name of scientific research, - just horrible. in the name of scientific research, they - just horrible. in the name of| scientific research, they have just horrible. in the name of - scientific research, they have just exploited these families, without any real use for the data. hf we any real use for the data. if we were to get — any real use for the data. if we were to get access _ any real use for the data. if we were to get access to - any real use for the data. if we were to get access to it - any real use for the data. if we were to get access to it and . any real use for the data. if we were to get access to it and publish it, perhaps. — were to get access to it and publish it, perhaps, what kind of message

that sent — it, perhaps, what kind of message that sent to future researchers? i think_ that sent to future researchers? i thinkiust — that sent to future researchers? i thinkjust because you can do a study. — thinkjust because you can do a study, doesn't mean you should. i still think— study, doesn't mean you should. i still think it — study, doesn't mean you should. i still think it stands is a great example _ still think it stands is a great example of how not to do research. this should — example of how not to do research. this should never ever, ever, be done _ hello there. we did see some pretty big contrast weather—wise across the uk on saturday. western areas kept the figures to the cloud, some outbreaks of rain, and other misty conditions here in the south—west. not like that everywhere, though. across the south—east of england it was a warm day with spells of sunshine, suffolk was the warmest voice of the country with temperatures soaring up to 20 celsius. it was dry again across parts of the south, where we have seen barely any rainfall so far this month. the same is true across

southern wales and parts of eastern england as well, barely any ring at all. as a bit of rain to come in the forecast over the next few days, but it'll be little if anything really reaching some of those driest areas of the south—east and east anglia. the heaviest of the rain will always be toward scotland, northern ireland, parts of north—west england and wales as well. here's the picture taker through the rest of the night, we got rain blowing in numbers brisk and south—westerly winds. it's quite a humid night, and some of the cloud is going to turn out to be quite low, some miss and fog patches developing around the south coast, and temperatures dropping no lower than 16 to 18 celsius, so we are already off to a warm start on sunday. one south—westerly winds, otherwise low pressure still with us, and that's going to continue to bring rather breezy or windy conditions. the wettest weather again will be in northern ireland and western areas of scotland, heavier rain works across orkney and shetland, rob liz

and rain going across wales, but south and east and it is still dry. instead of the high teens we are up to 24 instead of the high teens we are up to 2a in aberdeen, but east anglia is the hottest place, temperatures reaching 30 celsius in the afternoon. outbreaks of rain start the day in scotland, driving towards north—east england for a time. there will be a few showers across north—western areas, and some sunny spells in between, but those winds will mean a drop in temperatures, some were generally high teens in scotland and northern ireland, but still in the warm side for east anglia and the south—east. that high pressure stays in charge, bringing sunny and dry weather to england and wales, with rising temperatures, there will be some dry weather is for scotland and northern ireland, but also many times in the north—west.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. russia says it was targeting military facilities when a missile hit the port of odesa, a day after ukraine and russia agreed to restart grain exports by sea. the head of the world health organisation declares the monkeypox outbreak to be an international public health emergency. and officials in kent declare a major incident as long queues form for a second day in dover. hello and welcome if you're watching in the uk or around the world.