this is bbc news, the headlines: sir the headlines: salman rushdie has reportedly sir salman rushdie has reportedly been taken off a ventilator and is reportedly able to talk. the man suspected of attacking author sir salman rushdie has been charged with attempted murder and assault. hadi matar, of newjersey, pleaded not guilty. french firefighters have been tackling wildfires raging across the country, including a very large blaze near the south—western city of bordeaux. fire crews are exhausted from the unrelenting heat that has driven the worst wildfires for decades. experts say the extreme conditions are being driven by climate change. droughts have been declared in eight areas of england. the environment agency in the uk says that after the driest summer

in nearly 50 years, it would take "weeks�* worth of rain" to replenish water sources, while experts warn england's drought could last into the next year. now on bbc news: three engineers at the forefront of reimagining the carjoin kevin fong at the science museum in london. applause hello and welcome to the science museum. i am kevin fong and this is the engineers, the future of cars. i am in the information age gallery set in front of an object called the rugby tuning coil and 100 years ago this big

wheel of copper wrap in wood was the most powerful transmitter in the world. so it is an appropriate place for us to have this broadcast which brings in an audience from five different continents through the magic of our video link as well as a large audience here in the gallery for a programme that will be broadcast on bbc world service, on radio and television. the climate catastrophe and the sheer weight of traffic on our roads and the horrific rate of accidents that they cause has forced a revolution in the way we think about cars. with me today are three engineers who are at the forefront of that revolution. we have ao from the netherlands. he has developed the world's first family sized solar powered car. jamie shotton, an expert in aland in tournaments vehicles. the chief

scientist at a company called wave and he is here to tell us about autonomous driving vehicles and, last but not least we have linda showing from the united states who is the chief engineer for the f1 50 lightning and has managed somehow to electrify one of the american most iconic and brilliant cars. pleasejoin me in welcoming them today. linda, let's start with you. people outside the united states probably will not know of what an icon the f150 is. yes, it is. the f series is an iconic brand and it is responsible for $42 billion brand and it is responsible for $112 billion of revenue so that is 17 million units on the road pretty much at any given time since 2020. and it is a gas guzzler, a kilometre is a leader per out of it and your role in electrifying this vehicle has major woman of the

year according to usa today and put you on the cover of time magazine. —— eight coulomb —— 80 kilometres an hour. for myself i was not expecting any fuss. i was not expecting any of that because it is surreal. for the vehicle itself we expected a lot of fast because of the fact that it is an f series and because of it basically being an iconic vehicle that is, in a way, a tipping point for the industry. because of what it represents. in a way, if you think about what this product is and how people use it it is notjust electrifying the vehicle and also changing the way that people may perceive what an ev may be. trucks are generally known for being masculine and work oriented and being able to get things done. so people use it almost as a tool whereas an ev, people think of it as an eco— vehicle. those two things

do not always go together perfectly. many people told me that it perfectly. many people told me thatitis perfectly. many people told me that it is an oxymoron, you cannot have an ev truck. so much of it has been trying to convince people that it can be tough and that this technology of electrification with the batteries as well as the motors actually can be more more tough and in many ways a better tool for the customer.— and in many ways a better tool for the customer. let's move on now to i0- _ for the customer. let's move on now to lo. |/o, _ for the customer. let's move on now to lo. i/o, you _ for the customer. let's move on now to lo. i/o, you work - now to lo. i/0, you work in engineering solar cars are no less groundbreaking. i want to talk about how you got drawn into that is the thing that you wanted to do. i understand there is something called the solar vehicle race across australia. tell me about that and how you got into this field. a, . ~ and how you got into this field. 1, . ~ ii' field. back in 2012 we were stud in: field. back in 2012 we were studying at _ field. back in 2012 we were studying at the _ field. back in 2012 we were studying at the technical. studying at the technical university in idaho than and we founded this solar card team to participate in the world solar challenge but for the first time in 2013 when we competed for the first time it was the first time they introduced a

new class four vehicles that not just new class four vehicles that notjust have new class four vehicles that not just have to new class four vehicles that notjust have to arrive from darwin to adelaide as fast as they can but there were also scored on how many people you take, how practical the car is and how much energy you still need from the grid. so we took a year to design and build stella, the world's first solar powered family car and raced 3000 commoners through the desert of australia and that set us up for the next adventure so a few years later after we finished our studies and we took the car all over the world and we had hoped to inspire the industry, to show that it inspire the industry, to show thatitis inspire the industry, to show that it is possible to build a car that drives only on the power of the sun and is efficient and lightweight did not really happen so at some point we figured if we want to get to market we will have to do it ourselves and that is when we founded light year, six years ago. when we founded light year, six years age-— years ago. and in this race that you — years ago. and in this race that you took _ years ago. and in this race that you took part - years ago. and in this race that you took part in - years ago. and in this race that you took part in at - years ago. and in this race| that you took part in at the start of all of this, you race across the australian desert in across the australian desert in a solar powered car. this is

not vehicles just creeping along the desert for weeks on end is it? how fast do they go? 3000 kilometres in about 5.5 days, average speed of 70 kilometres an hour, top speed around, it depends a bit but between 80 and 90. that around, it depends a bit but between 80 and 90.- between 80 and 90. that is impressive- _ between 80 and 90. that is impressive. jamie, - between 80 and 90. that is impressive. jamie, we - between 80 and 90. that is| impressive. jamie, we heard about electrification and we heard about solar panels. you are in the field of ai and autonomous vehicles. there is a lot of interest around a lot of hope. why has this become your thing? i hope. why has this become your thin ? ., , hope. why has this become your thin ? . , , thing? i have been interested in machines _ thing? i have been interested in machines from _ thing? i have been interested in machines from an - thing? i have been interested| in machines from an incredibly young — in machines from an incredibly young age my interest started to seriously grow in artificial intelligence when i started studying my phd in computer vision — studying my phd in computer vision. that is where you take images — vision. that is where you take images from a camera and you try and — images from a camera and you try and understand what is in that— try and understand what is in that image. that then led to working _ that image. that then led to working at microsoft in their research _ working at microsoft in their research labs and started working on products using ai, the original connect fur xbox

360, _ the original connect fur xbox 360. for— the original connect fur xbox 360, for example, where we had a little _ 360, for example, where we had a little camera that will track your— a little camera that will track your motion so you could stand up your motion so you could stand up in _ your motion so you could stand up in front— your motion so you could stand up in front of the camera and move — up in front of the camera and move around and the algorithms, the al _ move around and the algorithms, the ai systems that we built started _ the ai systems that we built started to understand what you were _ started to understand what you were doing with your body and then— were doing with your body and then translate that into a representation that the xbox and the _ representation that the xbox and the game could understand and the game could understand and use — and the game could understand and use to control. and that interest— and use to control. and that interest has evolved ever since and the — interest has evolved ever since and the field of ai in general has really advanced over the last 20 — has really advanced over the last 20 years. everyone with a phone — last 20 years. everyone with a phone in— last 20 years. everyone with a phone in their pocket will have all sorts — phone in their pocket will have all sorts of ai algorithms improving the quality of your photos — improving the quality of your photos and recognising text, at photos and recognising text, et cetera — photos and recognising text, et cetera. ., photos and recognising text, et cetera. . �* , _, photos and recognising text, et cetera. . �*, _, . ,, cetera. linda, let's come back to the iconic _ cetera. linda, let's come back to the iconic f1 _ cetera. linda, let's come back to the iconic f1 50 _ cetera. linda, let's come back to the iconic f1 50 pickup - to the iconic f150 pickup truck. the vehicle is very much about power, a huge pickup truck with a huge footprint in the diesel engine underneath that you put electric into. but it still retains the power.

tell me how that works and how much power you can deliver out of electric motors and why that was a problem for you. absolutely. the power on the vehicle is actually great. 775 foot—pounds of torque which is the highest out of any f150 and it is 580 horsepower. it is also the quickest f1 50 we have ever built. but many people have a hard time getting to that point because they view it as electric and that is partly why we had to really work through changing some of those concepts. your initial power is, actually, really magnificent. it is near instant talk of 775 whereas with a traditional gas vehicle you have the engine combustion, you have the engine combustion, you have the engine combustion, you have the gears and the transmission and that torque actually has to grow. so you have a very different torque curve in a way. the difficulty with the ev is maintaining

towing, in this case, on a trial, overtime. towing, in this case, on a trial, over time. that longevity, that fatigue is something that we had to work through with the cooling system and really making sure that the cooling was designed adequately to be able to toe and haul and do all the same things that current truck customers can do. moving on from that point, what i want to know, arjo, the netherlands is lovely when the sun is shining. when it is cloudy out there, what sort of range on average can i expect from your vehicle in northern europe? it from your vehicle in northern euro e? , from your vehicle in northern euroe? , ., from your vehicle in northern euroe? , . . . from your vehicle in northern euroe? ,. . . europe? it is an electric car. you can _ europe? it is an electric car. you can still— europe? it is an electric car. you can still charge - europe? it is an electric car. you can still charge it - europe? it is an electric car. you can still charge it so - europe? it is an electric car. | you can still charge it so you can— you can still charge it so you can drive _ you can still charge it so you can drive at night with a battery— can drive at night with a battery and you can drive yourself _ battery and you can drive yourself 625 kilometres just on the battery in the solar panel continues to charge the battery and on — continues to charge the battery and on a — continues to charge the battery and on a single day if you are in full— and on a single day if you are in full sun— and on a single day if you are in full sun and in a good place you may— in full sun and in a good place you may add up to 70 kilometres of range — you may add up to 70 kilometres of range from the sun that does not sound — of range from the sun that does not sound like a lot compared to the —

not sound like a lot compared to the 625 but in practice we do not — to the 625 but in practice we do not use our car every day we do not use our car every day we do not — do not use our car every day we do not use _ do not use our car every day we do not use it every day for very— do not use it every day for very trips _ do not use it every day for very trips. the solar system is always— very trips. the solar system is always on— very trips. the solar system is always on so the way to look at it is how— always on so the way to look at it is how much do you get in a year — it is how much do you get in a year in — it is how much do you get in a year. in one _ it is how much do you get in a year. in one year, even in another— year. in one year, even in another lens which is like 5% was — another lens which is like 5% was country in the world in terms _ was country in the world in terms of— was country in the world in terms of solar radiance, you -et terms of solar radiance, you get up — terms of solar radiance, you get up to— terms of solar radiance, you get up to 7000 kilometres per year. — get up to 7000 kilometres per year. so — get up to 7000 kilometres per year, so more than half of the energy— year, so more than half of the energy that the car needs for an average driver, actually cornes— an average driver, actually comes from the sun. thank you, ar'o. comes from the sun. thank you, add so. — comes from the sun. thank you, add so. jamie. _ comes from the sun. thank you, arjo. so, jamie, autonomous- arjo. so, jamie, autonomous cars. i can imagine they are greater north american cities with a grid like struck the set “p with a grid like struck the set up like a chess board.- with a grid like struck the set up like a chess board. here in london. _ up like a chess board. here in london, less _ up like a chess board. here in london, less so. _ up like a chess board. here in london, less so. you - up like a chess board. here in london, less so. you are - london, less so. you are absolutely _ london, less so. you are absolutely right. - london, less so. you are absolutely right. there . london, less so. you arej absolutely right. there is london, less so. you are l absolutely right. there is a huge — absolutely right. there is a huge challenge _ absolutely right. there is a huge challenge to - absolutely right. there is a huge challenge to solving i huge challenge to solving autonomous _ huge challenge to solving autonomous driving - huge challenge to solving autonomous driving in - huge challenge to solving | autonomous driving in the huge challenge to solving - autonomous driving in the kinds of unstructured _ autonomous driving in the kinds of unstructured compact - autonomous driving in the kinds of unstructured compact busy. of unstructured compact busy environments— of unstructured compact busy environments that _ of unstructured compact busy environments that we - of unstructured compact busy environments that we have i of unstructured compact busy. environments that we have here in london — environments that we have here in london and _ environments that we have here in london and in _ environments that we have here in london and in many- environments that we have here in london and in many cities - in london and in many cities across— in london and in many cities across the _ in london and in many cities across the world, _ in london and in many cities across the world, indeed. i in london and in many cities. across the world, indeed. the traditional— across the world, indeed. the traditional technology - across the world, indeed. the traditional technology stack . traditional technology stack uses — traditional technology stack uses three _ traditional technology stack uses three main _ traditional technology stack uses three main pillars. - traditional technology stackl uses three main pillars. 0ne traditional technology stack . uses three main pillars. one is mapping _

uses three main pillars. one is mapping so _ uses three main pillars. one is mapping. so for— uses three main pillars. one is mapping. so for the _ uses three main pillars. one is mapping. so for the system i uses three main pillars. one is mapping. so for the system to| mapping. so for the system to work— mapping. so for the system to work you — mapping. so for the system to work you send _ mapping. so for the system to work you send vehicles, - mapping. so for the system to work you send vehicles, much| work you send vehicles, much like google _ work you send vehicles, much like google sends _ work you send vehicles, much like google sends vehicles - like google sends vehicles around _ like google sends vehicles around the _ like google sends vehicles around the streets - like google sends vehicles around the streets to - like google sends vehicles around the streets to mapj like google sends vehicles - around the streets to map out street — around the streets to map out street view _ around the streets to map out street view images _ around the streets to map out street view images so - around the streets to map out street view images so we - around the streets to map out street view images so we can| street view images so we can never— street view images so we can never gate _ street view images so we can never gate ourselves, - street view images so we can never gate ourselves, but- street view images so we can never gate ourselves, but for| street view images so we can. never gate ourselves, but for a vehicle. — never gate ourselves, but for a vehicle. and _ never gate ourselves, but for a vehicle, and autonomous - never gate ourselves, but for a i vehicle, and autonomous vehicle that needs — vehicle, and autonomous vehicle that needs to _ vehicle, and autonomous vehicle that needs to be _ vehicle, and autonomous vehicle that needs to be done _ vehicle, and autonomous vehicle that needs to be done at- vehicle, and autonomous vehicle that needs to be done at a - vehicle, and autonomous vehicle that needs to be done at a much| that needs to be done at a much higher— that needs to be done at a much higher precision. _ that needs to be done at a much higher precision. we _ that needs to be done at a much higher precision. we need - higher precision. we need sentimental— higher precision. we need sentimental level- higher precision. we needj sentimental level detailed higher precision. we need - sentimental level detailed maps of entire — sentimental level detailed maps of entire cities _ sentimental level detailed maps of entire cities that _ sentimental level detailed maps of entire cities that make - of entire cities that make centimetre _ of entire cities that make centimetre level. - of entire cities that make centimetre level. it- of entire cities that make centimetre level. it is- of entire cities that make centimetre level. it is a l centimetre level. it is a remarkably— centimetre level. it is a remarkably solvable . centimetre level. it is a - remarkably solvable problem but expensive — remarkably solvable problem but expensive to _ remarkably solvable problem but expensive to do _ remarkably solvable problem but expensive to do an _ remarkably solvable problem but expensive to do an even - remarkably solvable problem but expensive to do an even worse . expensive to do an even worse to maintain _ expensive to do an even worse to maintain. there _ expensive to do an even worse to maintain. there is— expensive to do an even worse to maintain. there is another. to maintain. there is another limitation— to maintain. there is another limitation with _ to maintain. there is another limitation with current - limitation with current approaches _ limitation with current approaches in - limitation with current approaches in terms l limitation with currenti approaches in terms of limitation with current - approaches in terms of the senses _ approaches in terms of the senses they— approaches in terms of the senses they get _ approaches in terms of the senses they get used - approaches in terms of the senses they get used a - approaches in terms of the l senses they get used a very expensive _ senses they get used a very expensive senses, - senses they get used a very i expensive senses, something called — expensive senses, something called lidar— expensive senses, something called lidar which _ expensive senses, something called lidar which is _ expensive senses, something called lidar which is a - expensive senses, something called lidar which is a way - expensive senses, something called lidar which is a way of. called lidar which is a way of sending _ called lidar which is a way of sending out— called lidar which is a way of sending out beams - called lidar which is a way of sending out beams of- called lidar which is a way of sending out beams of laserl sending out beams of laser light— sending out beams of laser light and _ sending out beams of laser light and measuring - sending out beams of laser light and measuring the - sending out beams of laser. light and measuring the time for that— light and measuring the time for that light _ light and measuring the time for that light to _ light and measuring the time for that light to reflect - light and measuring the time for that light to reflect back. for that light to reflect back and that _ for that light to reflect back and that gives _ for that light to reflect back and that gives you - for that light to reflect back and that gives you a - for that light to reflect back and that gives you a sense i for that light to reflect back. and that gives you a sense of how — and that gives you a sense of how far— and that gives you a sense of how far things— and that gives you a sense of how far things are _ and that gives you a sense of how far things are away. - and that gives you a sense of how far things are away. it i and that gives you a sense of how far things are away. it is| how far things are away. it is a wonderful— how far things are away. it is a wonderful sensor- how far things are away. it is a wonderful sensor and - how far things are away. it is a wonderful sensor and i- how far things are away. it is| a wonderful sensor and i love depth — a wonderful sensor and i love depth information, _ a wonderful sensor and i love depth information, i- a wonderful sensor and i love depth information, i say- a wonderful sensor and i love depth information, i say to l a wonderful sensor and i lovel depth information, i say to my previous— depth information, i say to my previous work— depth information, i say to my previous work that _ depth information, i say to my previous work that it _ depth information, i say to my previous work that it is - previous work that it is expensive _ previous work that it is expensive and - previous work that it is expensive and difficult| previous work that it is . expensive and difficult to integrate _ expensive and difficult to integrate in _

expensive and difficult to integrate in a _ expensive and difficult to integrate in a vehicle. . expensive and difficult tol integrate in a vehicle. the third — integrate in a vehicle. the third one _ integrate in a vehicle. the third one is _ integrate in a vehicle. the third one is how— integrate in a vehicle. the third one is how the - third one is how the intelligence - third one is how the intelligence for- third one is how the. intelligence for these third one is how the - intelligence for these is set up. today. _ intelligence for these is set up. today, most _ intelligence for these is setl up. today, most approaches intelligence for these is set - up. today, most approaches to autonomous— up. today, most approaches to autonomous driving _ up. today, most approaches to autonomous driving are - up. today, most approaches to autonomous driving are based i up. today, most approaches to . autonomous driving are based on autonomous driving are based on a very— autonomous driving are based on a very modular _ autonomous driving are based on a very modular system _ autonomous driving are based on a very modular system where - autonomous driving are based on| a very modular system where you thought— a very modular system where you thought of— a very modular system where you thought of first _ a very modular system where you thought of first try— a very modular system where you thought of first try and _ a very modular system where you thought of first try and detect - thought of first try and detect all the — thought of first try and detect all the cars— thought of first try and detect all the cars and _ thought of first try and detect all the cars and the _ all the cars and the pedestrians - all the cars and the pedestrians and . all the cars and thel pedestrians and the all the cars and the - pedestrians and the traffic lights _ pedestrians and the traffic lights and _ pedestrians and the traffic lights and whatever- pedestrians and the traffic lights and whatever else l pedestrians and the traffic. lights and whatever else you think— lights and whatever else you think you _ lights and whatever else you think you need _ lights and whatever else you think you need and - lights and whatever else you think you need and then- lights and whatever else you think you need and then you j think you need and then you have — think you need and then you have some _ think you need and then you have some handcrafted - think you need and then you i have some handcrafted rules think you need and then you . have some handcrafted rules so you would — have some handcrafted rules so you would say— have some handcrafted rules so you would say if— have some handcrafted rules so you would say if this _ have some handcrafted rules so you would say if this happens i you would say if this happens then— you would say if this happens then i— you would say if this happens then i would _ you would say if this happens then i would do— you would say if this happens then i would do this, - you would say if this happens then i would do this, if- you would say if this happens then i would do this, if this. then i would do this, if this happens _ then i would do this, if this happens i _ then i would do this, if this happens i do _ then i would do this, if this happens i do this. - then i would do this, if this happens i do this. if- then i would do this, if this happens i do this. if you i then i would do this, if this. happens i do this. if you think about— happens i do this. if you think about the _ happens i do this. if you think about the complexities - happens i do this. if you think about the complexities of - happens i do this. if you think. about the complexities of urban driving — about the complexities of urban driving in — about the complexities of urban driving in the _ about the complexities of urban driving in the number— about the complexities of urban driving in the number of- about the complexities of urban driving in the number of thingsl driving in the number of things that are — driving in the number of things that are going _ driving in the number of things that are going on, _ driving in the number of things that are going on, that - driving in the number of things that are going on, thatjust- that are going on, thatjust hecomes— that are going on, thatjust becomes incredibly- that are going on, thatjust. becomes incredibly unwieldy very. — becomes incredibly unwieldy very. very— becomes incredibly unwieldy very, very quickly. _ becomes incredibly unwieldy very, very quickly. so - becomes incredibly unwieldy very, very quickly. so thesel very, very quickly. so these three — very, very quickly. so these three areas— very, very quickly. so these three areas of, _ very, very quickly. so these three areas of, i— very, very quickly. so these three areas of, i think, - very, very quickly. so thesej three areas of, i think, they have — three areas of, i think, they have really— three areas of, i think, they have really held _ three areas of, i think, they have really held back- three areas of, i think, they have really held back the i have really held back the industry _ have really held back the industry and _ have really held back the industry and they - have really held back the industry and they are - industry and they are rethinking _ industry and they are rethinking this - industry and they are rethinking this with l industry and they are i rethinking this with an alternative _ rethinking this with an alternative approach. i rethinking this with an i alternative approach. we rethinking this with an - alternative approach. we have decided — alternative approach. we have decided that— alternative approach. we have decided that we _ alternative approach. we have decided that we want - alternative approach. we have decided that we want to - alternative approach. we have decided that we want to go . decided that we want to go after. _ decided that we want to go after, although— decided that we want to go after, although it - decided that we want to go after, although it is - decided that we want to go after, although it is a - decided that we want to go. after, although it is a harder prohlem _ after, although it is a harder problem in _ after, although it is a harder problem in the _ after, although it is a harder problem in the short - after, although it is a harder problem in the short term . after, although it is a harderl problem in the short term we believe — problem in the short term we believe it— problem in the short term we believe it is— problem in the short term we believe it is much— problem in the short term we believe it is much more - believe it is much more scalable, _ believe it is much more scalable, so— believe it is much more scalable, so to - believe it is much more scalable, so to avoid i believe it is much morel scalable, so to avoid the believe it is much more - scalable, so to avoid the need for maps _

scalable, so to avoid the need for maps will _ scalable, so to avoid the need for maps will avoid _ scalable, so to avoid the need for maps will avoid the - scalable, so to avoid the need for maps will avoid the use . scalable, so to avoid the need for maps will avoid the use of| for maps will avoid the use of very— for maps will avoid the use of very expensive _ for maps will avoid the use of very expensive senses - for maps will avoid the use of very expensive senses and i for maps will avoid the use of. very expensive senses and rely on cameras _ very expensive senses and rely on cameras which _ very expensive senses and rely on cameras which are - very expensive senses and rely on cameras which are easy, . on cameras which are easy, relatively— on cameras which are easy, relatively inexpensive - on cameras which are easy, relatively inexpensive and l on cameras which are easy, . relatively inexpensive and easy to integrate _ relatively inexpensive and easy to integrate and, _ relatively inexpensive and easy to integrate and, you _ relatively inexpensive and easy to integrate and, you know, . relatively inexpensive and easy| to integrate and, you know, we drive _ to integrate and, you know, we drive with— to integrate and, you know, we drive with these _ to integrate and, you know, we drive with these two _ to integrate and, you know, we drive with these two eyes - to integrate and, you know, we drive with these two eyes every day _ drive with these two eyes every day. finally, _ drive with these two eyes every day. finally. we _ drive with these two eyes every day. finally, we are _ drive with these two eyes every day. finally, we are going - drive with these two eyes every day. finally, we are going to. day. finally, we are going to use — day. finally, we are going to use a — day. finally, we are going to use a more _ day. finally, we are going to use a more holistic, - day. finally, we are going to use a more holistic, what . day. finally, we are going to| use a more holistic, what we call— use a more holistic, what we call end—to—end _ use a more holistic, what we call end—to—end machine - call end—to—end machine learning _ call end—to—end machine learning approach - call end—to—end machine learning approach where| call end—to—end machine i learning approach where we really — learning approach where we really teach _ learning approach where we really teach the _ learning approach where we really teach the machine . learning approach where we really teach the machine to| really teach the machine to drive — really teach the machine to drive by— really teach the machine to drive by example _ really teach the machine to drive by example rather- really teach the machine to i drive by example rather than trying — drive by example rather than trying to— drive by example rather than trying to code _ drive by example rather than trying to code those - drive by example rather than trying to code those rules . drive by example rather than trying to code those rules inl trying to code those rules in by hand _ trying to code those rules in b hand. . ~ trying to code those rules in b hand. ., ,, i. trying to code those rules in by hand-— trying to code those rules in b hand. . ~' ., by hand. thank you, jamie. now, ar'o, we by hand. thank you, jamie. now, ario. we will— by hand. thank you, jamie. now, arjo, we will come _ by hand. thank you, jamie. now, arjo, we will come to _ by hand. thank you, jamie. now, arjo, we will come to you - by hand. thank you, jamie. now, arjo, we will come to you and . arjo, we will come to you and you have made such great strides with your prototype model of the light you solar car. it is expensive but what i really want to know is when i will be able to afford one? when will we get to a commercially viable affordable family size solar car? it's a fair question. we were founded with the mission to provide clean mobility for everyone. it's clearly not for

everyone. it's clearly not for everyone at that price. the way to view this, this first car is really technology, we are building it in a limited series and this is the main reason why this first car is so expensive. that's what we planned on the roadmap for 2035. we plan to look launch the lightyear two with similar specs. that one is going to have a starting price of 30,000 euros. looking at the purchase price and the ownership of a car like this. if you start with electrifying the vehicle, the fuel costs of having to charge the car. what we've done on top of that is make the car, electric car, about twice as efficient, then we create half of the energy the car needs for the average

person from the solar panels. then we are getting into the range of a medium family in europe and what they could afford. widejamie, the challenge for you is different. in many ways, it is over promising. a lot said about is what is on these vehicles. timer;r what is on these vehicles. they are not even — what is on these vehicles. they are not even legal— what is on these vehicles. they are not even legal in _ what is on these vehicles. they are not even legal in most - are not even legal in most countries of the moment. your chief scientist, said some realistic expectations, what can i see in the medium term future before we get to the bit where the robots take over the world? ., ., ., , , world? you are absolutely riuht. world? you are absolutely right. there _ world? you are absolutely right. there have - world? you are absolutely right. there have been . world? you are absolutely i right. there have been many unrealistic expectations set by names that you will all have heard of, saying it'sjust around the corner. that is not how it is going to be, it will be a gradual transition and take time, i would liken it to the transition between the horse and cart and the automobile 100 years ago. it

happened pretty quickly in the grand scale of things but incrementally, day on day, it was a gradual process but exhilarated as the economics and the safety and all the other things that came with such a transition came to bear. it will certainly be a multi—year journey it will certainly be a multi—yearjourney but i would very much hope and expect a strongly that by the end of this decade, we will be seeing this decade, we will be seeing this in very mainstream use. wide end of this decade, i will come find you and find out. what is your perspective of this? i what is your perspective of this? ., ., , , this? i will go to the missing statement — this? i will go to the missing statement of _ this? i will go to the missing statement of lightyear, - this? i will go to the missing | statement of lightyear, clean for everyone. the car that you buy and — for everyone. the car that you buy and the biggest factor, which — buy and the biggest factor, which is _ buy and the biggest factor, which is the purchase price and ithink— which is the purchase price and i think that is where autonomous driving will help. the key— autonomous driving will help. the key is _ autonomous driving will help. the key is sharing, making sure we use — the key is sharing, making sure we use the _ the key is sharing, making sure we use the car with a lot more people — we use the car with a lot more people because it standing still— people because it standing still 90% of the time and the

key to— still 90% of the time and the key to making sharing convenient, that is where autonomous writing comes in, making — autonomous writing comes in, making sure the car acts like an urban— making sure the car acts like an urban without a driver, i do io an urban without a driver, i do go and — an urban without a driver, i do go and within two minutes, it's from _ go and within two minutes, it's from the — go and within two minutes, it's from the door and you go there. if you _ from the door and you go there. if you want _ from the door and you go there. if you want to bring your panels. _ if you want to bring your panels, and f150 pulls up and if you — panels, and f150 pulls up and if you want to take the entire family— if you want to take the entire family and all your kids, a minivan— family and all your kids, a minivan pulls up. if you're just— minivan pulls up. if you're just by— minivan pulls up. if you're just by yourself. that way, we can drastically reduce the cost per kilometre of driving. that is where _ per kilometre of driving. that is where autonomous driving comes— is where autonomous driving comes in _ is where autonomous driving comes in. it has to progress to the point — comes in. it has to progress to the point where we price autonomous driving based on its cost and — autonomous driving based on its cost and its potential value because _ cost and its potential value because the first companies were — because the first companies were going to be able to offer this service of autonomous driving. _ this service of autonomous driving, they are going to say, we are — driving, they are going to say, we are replacing trucks taxi drivers. _ we are replacing trucks taxi drivers, they cost x per cent

per— drivers, they cost x per cent per kilometres and we take 10% off and — per kilometres and we take 10% off and we can make a hell of a lot of— off and we can make a hell of a lot of money because we need to earn _ lot of money because we need to earn the — lot of money because we need to earn the $100 billion we invested someone we can get the cost down — invested someone we can get the cost down on the costa operates, will start to see this— operates, will start to see this autonomous mobility really being _ this autonomous mobility really being a — this autonomous mobility really being a lot cheaper than owning a can _ being a lot cheaper than owning a can and — being a lot cheaper than owning a car. and that should enable our mission again.— a car. and that should enable our mission again. thank you. linda, electrical— our mission again. thank you. linda, electrical vehicles - our mission again. thank you. linda, electrical vehicles in . linda, electrical vehicles in general help with emissions and help even more when they power with electricity from renewable resources. all this is great but the batteries are a problem. they contain a lot of rare earth metals that need to be mined at scale. for example, lithium is a key component. you can get that out in places like the atacama desert. is there a plan in place to mitigate those sort of unrhymed mental threats that come from electric vehicle

technology?— that come from electric vehicle technology? and it's one of the thins technology? and it's one of the thin . s we technology? and it's one of the things we are — technology? and it's one of the things we are we _ technology? and it's one of the things we are we have - technology? and it's one of the things we are we have joined i things we are we have joined some of the coalition to ensure we are mining responsibly. you're absolutely right, electric vehicles in general are better and more for the environment. a recent study out of the university of michigan actually just went through some of the data and for north america, evs, from a life—cycle perspective, cradle to grave, including all the manufacturing, lithium batteries, still result in a 64% less harm to the planet than a traditional gas vehicle would. there is definitely improvements there and we, as companies, and as individuals,

need to make sure that we do it responsibly. as we get into cleaner energy down the road, that 64% of an improvement will obviously increase in the needs to increase very quickly.- to increase very quickly. thank ou so to increase very quickly. thank you so much- _ to increase very quickly. thank you so much. who _ to increase very quickly. thank you so much. who in _ to increase very quickly. thank you so much. who in the - you so much. who in the audience would like to ask us a question of any of our amazing panellists today? mr; question of any of our amazing panellists today?— panellists today? my name is suki, another— panellists today? my name is suki, another question, - panellists today? my name is suki, another question, i- panellists today? my name is| suki, another question, i have more than one, but linda first of all, you said about the fuel cells. i have question because i know with ford f1 50 cells. i have question because i know with ford f150 much of a big vehicle it is, how are you able to really adopt the use of electric in places like rural pennsylvania, upstate new york where we are very much a hunting environment, where we put ears and deer into the back of the vehicle. how are you able to get that uptake? well, so i think the _ able to get that uptake? well, so i think the lot _ able to get that uptake? well, so i think the lot of _ able to get that uptake? well,

so i think the lot of it - able to get that uptake? well, so i think the lot of it is - so i think the lot of it is about— so i think the lot of it is about making sure the truck does — about making sure the truck does exactly what a truck needs to do _ does exactly what a truck needs to do it — does exactly what a truck needs to do. it can haul, akin to all the — to do. it can haul, akin to all the same _ to do. it can haul, akin to all the same things that a gas f1 50 can — the same things that a gas f1 50 can. but in addition, we actually— 50 can. but in addition, we actually offer a lot more, for one — actually offer a lot more, for one we _ actually offer a lot more, for one. we are leveraging the battery— one. we are leveraging the battery to provide electricity for customers. particularly in electrical— for customers. particularly in electrical outage situations. we can— electrical outage situations. we can actually use it for home. _ we can actually use it for home, for multiple days at a time — home, for multiple days at a time. also without the engine, we are — time. also without the engine, we are able to take advantage of that— we are able to take advantage of that space up front and basically turn it in the vehicle _ basically turn it in the vehicle isjust outstanding. vehicle is just outstanding. with— vehicle is just outstanding. with an _ vehicle isjust outstanding. with an ed, you get the near instant — with an ed, you get the near instant torque we talked about earlier— instant torque we talked about earlier which gets you up to 60 miles— earlier which gets you up to 60 miles per— earlier which gets you up to 60 miles per hour in four seconds. we have — miles per hour in four seconds. we have a _ miles per hour in four seconds. we have a question from gilbert in lebanon on the video link.

if you can unlink your microphone.- if you can unlink your microphone. if you can unlink your microhone. y , ., , , microphone. my question is, why was the lightyear _ microphone. my question is, why was the lightyear zero _ microphone. my question is, why was the lightyear zero released l was the lightyear zero released so late when it was expected much earlier.— much earlier. why was the lightyear _ much earlier. why was the lightyear so _ much earlier. why was the lightyear so late? - much earlier. why was the lightyear so late? we - much earlier. why was the lightyear so late? we set| much earlier. why was the . lightyear so late? we set out to build this _ lightyear so late? we set out to build this production - lightyear so late? we set out to build this production yourl to build this production your six years— to build this production your six years ago when we founded the company but we were five guys — the company but we were five guys straight out of college. we didn't have any money and we didn't have any— money and we didn't have any experience so besides having to engineer the car— besides having to engineer the car we also had to— the car we also had to build the company and _ to build the company and we've been trying to do— and we've been trying to do the engineering of the _ to do the engineering of the vehicle and - of the vehicle and building the company at the _ and building the company at the same time in— at the same time ina— at the same time in a way that we are set _ in a way that we are set up— in a way that we are set up for success for— set up for success for the future so we weren'tjust engineering the car and— engineering the car and we were also engineering all the processes and all— engineering all the processes and all the systems behind it on how to keep track— behind it on how to keep track of— behind it on how to keep track of this and how do _ track of this and how do you _

track of this and how do you actually make a car— do you actually make a car such that the _ a car such that the next time we do it we _ the next time we do it we we _ the next time we do it we we have a clear process flow and we know how — process flow and we know how to _ process flow and we know how to how to get _ how to how to get there and along the _ get there and along the way we met a lot of challenges, it's been. _ of challenges, it's been, uh, well we— been, uh, well we talked about one on _ we talked about one on the _ we talked about one on the on the solar panel. _ on the on the solar panel, we've developed motors— panel, we've developed motors that are directly in the wheels and _ directly in the wheels and we haven't seen those _ and we haven't seen those on production vehicles yet so - vehicles yet so a - vehicles yet so a lot of testing and _ so a lot of testing and effort went into _ and effort went into getting those reliable and — into getting those reliable and and working so _ and and working so overall i think the fair question is when we first started _ question is when we first started the company when _ started the company when we were five inexperienced guys, we usually— inexperienced guys, we usually underestimated the _ usually underestimated the challenge of getting a car into- getting a car into production. maybe that's— into production. maybe that's a _ into production. maybe that's a good thing because if we hadn't i don't _ because if we hadn't i don't know if— i don't know if we would have started it, if we would have started it. it's _ if we would have started it, it's really hard - it, it's really hard to start a car company. i think that's— company. i think that's that's the best one _ that's that's the best one last question in the room here do you think is the capability of ai increases, we might actually get bored of driving?

well, i think that's a fascinating question, philosophical one perhaps. the way that— philosophical one perhaps. the way that al systems today work and will — way that al systems today work and will work for the foreseeable future is they are essentially, what a neural network— essentially, what a neural network use, essentially a bunch _ network use, essentially a bunch of _ network use, essentially a bunch of multiplication 's and additions. that is all that is. the — additions. that is all that is. the gpu. _ additions. that is all that is. the gpu, the graphic processing units _ the gpu, the graphic processing units used — the gpu, the graphic processing units used to evaluate these official— units used to evaluate these official neural networks, they 'ust official neural networks, they just sit — official neural networks, they just sit there, churn all day doing — just sit there, churn all day doing very basic mathematical calculations and outcomes the answer~ — calculations and outcomes the answer. unless there are fundamental changes to how these — fundamental changes to how these systems operate, which is entirely— these systems operate, which is entirely possible in terms of research _

entirely possible in terms of research breakthroughs, there is no _ research breakthroughs, there is no chance in my mind these things— is no chance in my mind these things will— is no chance in my mind these things will get bored in that sense — things will get bored in that sense because they are just doing — sense because they are just doing the job, they are just executing again and again through these modifications. thanks— through these modifications. thanks multiplication is. love that question. it brings us perfectly to the end of this programme. we've heard about everything from the future of solar and electric vehicles and ai and even touching on the first ai strike. 0n ai and even touching on the first ai strike. on behalf of the bbc world service, whether you are joining the bbc world service, whether you arejoining us via the bbc world service, whether you are joining us via the internet, around the world are here with us in this fabulous information age gallery, please join me in giving a raum round of applause to our brilliant pioneering engineers.

the heat does begin to ease in the week ahead. there will be more showers in the forecast as well but in the short—term we still have the met office amber warning for extreme heat in places, valid until the end of the day on sunday. still likely to see some impacts from the heat on both health and transport as well. a good deal of sunshine around through sunday morning, particularly across england and wales. showers developing though

across northern ireland, some mist and low cloud clinging to the north—eastern coasts. temperatures will be the talking point once again. 35 or 36 celsius, the top temperature, across parts of south—east england. widely in the high 20s or low 30s celsius. the showers start to become more active as we go through sunday evening and overnight. they're starting to develop across north—west england, wales and south—west england. again, still heavy and thundery but falling onto dry ground. there may be problems with flash flooding in some places. and still a very muggy night. parts of southern england could have a tropical night again. temperatures not falling below 20 degrees celsius. as we head through monday, the low pressure starts to become more dominant, and we will start to see more frequent showers developing. now on monday once again, the main focus of the showers will be across scotland and northern ireland. again, they will be heavy and thundery, merging to give a longer spell of rain. but a greater chance we will see a few of those showers pushing their way across england and wales. not everyone will see them but there is a chance we could see some rain from those showers as we head through monday. a cooler feel across scotland and northern ireland on monday. still very muggy and very warm across much of england and wales, but the temperatures will be starting to fall down.

as we head into tuesday, you can see we see more frequent showers across the north of england and into scotland, but also some showers, more frequent showers, developing across the southern half of england as well, so a greater chance that we will see some spells of rain on tuesday. and you will notice the temperatures are starting to come down, still warm but close to where they should be for the time of year. so through tuesday and wednesday, this area of low pressure is still close by — still the chance we will see some showers, some thunderstorms, but given how dry the ground is, it may well be that we'll see problems with flash flooding. but certainly in the days ahead, things will be turning cooler with a chance of some rain. bye— bye.

good morning, welcome to breakfast with nina warhurst and rogerjohnson. 0ur headlines today: sir salman rushdie is said to be "talking and joking" again in hospital after being stabbed. a man's appeared in court charged with attempted murder. more disruption for rail passengers as major train operator, ava nti west coast, slashes its timetable because of staff shortages. warnings over the use of disposable barbecues after a weekend of wildfires across england, as the heatwave continues. good morning, today will be the last of the _ good morning, today will be the last of the very— good morning, today will be the last of the very hot days in this current

heatwave — of the very hot days in this current heatwave. we have some