confidence that the perpetrator will ever be caught. "someone�*s responsible, someone�*s to blame," he says, "but we'll probably never find out who." there's despair here at the damage done, but determination, too, to better protect these waterways and the precious life they contain. jenny hill, bbc news, szczecin. the remains of what could be the largest dinosaur ever discovered in europe are being excavated in a back garden in portugal. the fossilised skeleton of a sauro—pod was discovered in the central city of pombal in 2017, when a man began building work on his house. sauro—pods were the biggest of all dinosaurs and the largest

known land animals. palaeontologists say the reptile was about 12 metres tall — about 39 feet — and 25 metres or 82 feet long. well a little earlier my colleague joanna gosling spoke about the discovery to dr sally reynolds. she heads the institute for studies of landscape and human evolution at bournemouth university, and specialises in mammal palaeontology. it's such a wonderful discovery, it means that there may actually be more of this very large dinosaur waiting in this back garden in portugal to be discovered. why would it have taken so long to get to this stage of the excavation? because the initial remains were spotted in 2017? yes. i assume what the landowner days was the right thing, was to call in the help of a local university or museum team to come out and have a look. i suppose at that point they had to decide how to proceed, get experts together, then covid happened and i suspect they have onlyjust now had a chance

to do one or two mac years of excavation and they have exposed those beautiful ribs which you can see. depending on how hard the rock is it can be pretty heavy going. i'm assuming it's a pretty big garden that this person has got in portugal and when you raise the prospect of other bones being found there that is another matter again. in terms of what can be learned from this discovery, where does your mind go? well, i think every time we find a different individual of a well known species it gives us an opportunity to see how these animals grow, how long did it take them to mature, was it a male or a female, what can we learn about its ecology and its behaviour? to me, the bones are an incredible discovery but it's the secrets that they unlock about the behaviour and the maturation rates and how these animals behaved,

did they live in herds, how do they take care of a young, those questions that palaeontologists will be hoping to answer. how much is currently known about the sauropod? we know quite a lot, we don't know what species it is because we have only been able to uncover some vertebrates and some ribs at this point. in terms of skeletons, that doesn't give you very much information about the species. it is of a similar type of an individual as we have seen with other dinosaurs, we have a brontosaurus and certain of those other very large dinosaur so that people have seen in movies likejurassic park. hopefully, if we find the skull, especially if we find some teeth, the specialists will be able to determine exactly what species it is and it could even be anyone. now it's time for a look at the weather with elizabeth rizzini. hello there. if you've got outdoor plans

for the rest of the bank holiday weekend, you may be pleased to know it's still looking and mostly dry. the small chance of a few isolated showers, some sunny spells across much of the uk and it will turn rather breezy towards the southern half of england and wales, particularly as we head through into bank holiday monday. brisk northeasterly wind blowing now overnight tonight, it's looking a lot milder across scotland and northern ireland than it was last night. it will cloud over, this weather front, moving eastwards, not a bank holiday weekend in scotland, of course. temperatures dropping to 10 to 14 degrees celsius across england and wales, underneath largely clear skies. do watch out for a few early mist patches forming here. and then on sunday, well it's looking fairly similar to saturday should be mostly dry away from western facing coasts across scotland. we could just see a few breaks in the cloud towards the south west of scotland, though. glasgow 22 degrees, a few breaks possible across northern ireland, but the lion's share of the sunshine again across england and wales. small chance of a shower and a northeasterly breeze.

hello this is bbc news. the headlines: the government says middle—income earners will need more help to pay their energy bills, notjust the poorest. but ministers claim waiting until a new leader is in place is the best approach. police investigating the fatal shooting of nine—year—old olivia pratt—korbel at her home in liverpool, have arrested a second man on suspicion of murder. a national emergency has been declared in pakistan after millions of people were forced from their homes. it follows the heaviest monsoon rains in decades. scientists are trying to identify why thousands of fish have died in a river between poland and germany. the remains of what could be the largest dinosaur ever discovered in europe, have been found in a back garden in portugal. now on bbc news, the media show.

hello. today, ukrainians should be celebrating 31 years of independence from soviet rule. instead, there's a grimmer anniversary. it's exactly six months since the start of the war. i want to look back at thejournalism over those months. what hass the reporting taught us about the war? and what has the war taught us about the media? i'm joined byjournalists who've been in ukraine and are there now and some who were also in russia. deborah haynes is sky news defence and security editor. nic robertson is international diplomatic editor at cnn, we have a freelance journalist and so too is olga tokariuk. and francis scarr is here from bbc monitoring. welcome to you all and thank you so much for coming on the media show. olga, if we just start with you, where are you and what is the atmosphere like in ukraine today? you've been tweeting

about our prime minister, boris johnson's visit to kyiv. i know that. yeah, well, hi, everyone. and thank you for having me on this show. i'm currently in western ukraine in the town of chertsey. and i apologise for the background because i'm speaking to you from a basement because we've had already four raid alerts today. and since i'm working from home, ijust decided to stay in the basement for the show so that, you know, i don't get interrupted by another air raid alert. radio viewers won't see that, but our tv viewers will. so thank you for explaining that. it's a gray background, but at least you're safe. yeah. you know, everyone expected a lot of russian missile strikes today. and it's early evening here in ukraine now. and we've already heard the reports of several targets hit by russian missiles in western ukrainian region. it's about 200 kilometres from where i am now, and also in poltava, a region in central ukraine. and some of the missiles were intercepted in other parts of the country. yes. and then at the same time, borisjohnson is again in kyiv with a surprise visit.

and i think most ukrainians react to that very positively because they see it as a sign of solidarity from the uk and from borisjohnson on this very special day for our people. as i said, yourfree lance, what would you say in general about how the western media has reported this war? well, there was a huge amount of interest and so many reporters from all over the world in ukraine in the first weeks and months. and then over time, i think this interest has faded in a way. now, maybe some are returning because of ukraine's independence day and also because of this six month mark since the full scale invasion started. and that, i think, is something that kind of worries people in ukraine because they are really afraid of the world getting tired of this war and from ukraine disappearing from the tv screens and from the newspaper's pages. and in terms of the work you've

specifically been doing, what have editors wanted from you? what sorts of stories have you been doing? well in the first weeks and months, those were mostly breaking news stories. i was reporting, you know, mostly for broadcast media, giving a lot of interviews and also writing something for online media like time magazine and also for some other online media in the us. i have been collaborating on a regular basis with the uk magazine and radio monaco. and while, you know, as i said in the initial weeks and months, there was this focus on breaking news. what is happening now? i think this focus has been shifting in the recent weeks and months more towards describing the trends and the analysis, what is happening. and also me personally, i think i kind of reshaped what i wanted to talk about from breaking news on reporting more on human rights violations and russian war crimes in ukraine and pitching this kind of stories. 0k. i'm going to bring in deborah haynes here.

you were in ukraine as the war started for sky news. you're back there now. just tell us where you are and how you approach a mission like this one. yes. so i'm in odesa at the moment in the south of ukraine. i've literally just arrived, actually. we flew into moldova and then drove across the border. and, yes, it's very surreal being here six months on to the beginning of this all out invasion, because we were coming into ukraine from december when there was this sudden sort of belief, unfortunately, that russian forces that were massing around the border were actually going to launch some all out offensive. and while it was actually really hard to conceive that a war like that would again be launched on european soil, the reality, when we saw the build—up of russian forces, when we heard what the western officials were saying at the time, it felt as though it

was unfortunately inevitable. but even though you had that feeling that it was coming. and remember, back in, in the beginning ofjanuary, even into early february, the ukrainian officials up to the president were really sort of playing down the — in public — the thought that there could be that russia really would launch a full scale invasion of their country. this is a country that's been at war for eight years now. while, of course, social media, obviously, we could see the tanks building up and people were documenting exactly what was happening on social media. exactly. and then to be there on that day when it actually started was so surreal. like i remember being in kyiv on the on the 23rd, walking around the city. it's a beautiful european city with people out there having coffee in coffee shops and obviously very aware of what could be coming

and becoming ever more aware in those final days. but then that overnight when the, you know, in the early hours of the morning when the missile strikes started and the first time you heard that eerie sound of the air raid siren, it was, really, it felt seismic. and as though the world would never be the same, it was a real moment when suddenly you'd had all these warnings for so long about the threat posed by president putin and his intentions and the west's failure to respond back in 2014, when russia annexed crimea and back that invasion in the east of the country, suddenly it all came home to roost with this full scale invasion, with the west's warnings failing to deter. 0k. let me just bring in another guest. oz katerji. hello. because, you know, you two were there at the beginning, unlike deborah, unlike nic,

you went there as a freelancer without the backing of a big media operation. how did you do it? how did you afford it? affording it... sorry. affording it wasn't wasn't easy. i crowdfunded to help me gather some of the costs| because as a freelancer, in this day and age, - i the amount that i sell an article | for doesn't cover the amount that . i'd pay for my fixer and driver. and whatever i'd need for the day. so i used a crowdfunding model so people could support my- work if they wanted to. and i made enough to be able to pay ifixers and drivers and be able to goi out every day and kind of get coverage during the first few| weeks of the invasion. and how much did it cost, if you don't mind my asking? i well, let's say that it costs up. to like £1,000 a day for a decent day's worth of work that's just in outgoings. - so, you know, to try— and recoup some of that costs. obviously, doing radio hits and tv hits and selling articles help - cover some of the costs.

but the day to day, especially invoicing and waiting severall months for payments, - i needed cash quicker than that. were there others there like you funding it in similar ways? yeah, there were a few others out there that l were funding in similar ways. i think because of the model that i was doing for like writing - articles and so on, it is kind - of a bit of a new model, but i think people have been crowdfunding, film—makers have been - crowdfunding their documentaries for years using this model. - so ijust tried to combine that with my film work. and my tv and radio work. and i'm interested in how easy it was to report the story. i mean, what were you coming up against? what were the hardest things? access was a real, real problem. you know, being able to get - to where the stories were happening. obviously, the ukrainian military were trying their best _ to fight off an invasion, - and the last thing they wanted to deal with was civiliansl running around the place. so getting access to to things - as a freelancer was harder than it would be if you've got a company

with a full force behind you. - because you've got to get accreditation and that sort of thing to get places. getting accreditation wasn't hard, but i mean, just having _ the accreditation and also getting access, that's a lot harder, - particularly for front line work. you know, it's really, i really dangerous stuff. so getting close to that kind of area is not easy, - and it requires money, _ requires effort, requires the right knowing the right people. and that stuff takes i a while to get going. nic robinson from cnn, you know, you've been in and out of ukraine throughout the last six months and very recently were reporting from there. you know, you're reporting mainly for an american audience. has the war been covered differently in the us than the uk, do you think? i don't think so, particularly. i mean, i think we're all charged... journalists on the ground are charged with the same thing and share the same passion, which is to find a story that you think is going to be most interesting to the audience on that day.

i was very keen going in recently to get a sense of how the war was being fought at the front lines, because i think that gives an understanding as to how the war is going to be fought over the coming months and insight, perhaps, into how long this war is going to go on. and the likely, as the cases at the moment, the less less than likely sort of significant shifts in terrain territory. so i think that the driving force is still to find that story that really helps the audience understand what's happening. and i kind of think back a little bit here to covering bosnia back in the early �*90s. this was a conflict that went on for three years. and it was on the fringes of europe. and it seemed for so long that europejust didn't care, didn't notice. yet, yourjob as a reporter is to find what it is that helps make the audience care. so i think that's what drives us.

so i think, you know, for whether i'm working for a, you know, a us/international organisation or a purely british one, i think we're all driven by the same thing. yeah, i mean, president biden today announced $3 billion for ukraine to invest in air defence systems, otherweapons, equipment. do you see that as in part because the media has kept this story in the spotlight? look, there are huge political imperatives right now for leaders all around the world that are supporting ukraine, not least the rising cost of fuel, not least coming out of the covid pandemic. you know, rising costs of living. these are political realities. you have to bring your nations with you in support of something like the war in ukraine, supporting ukraine. so i do think that the coverage helps keep it alive in people's minds. what's actually happening, what's at stake, what's it cost the lives that are being laid down and the atrocities that are being committed. and i think that does help political

leaders to a degree. but again, that's i don't think that's our role. our role is to get out there and report what's happening. absolutely. olga, you know, it is an approach, you know, well tried and tested that, you know, the big news companies send their reporters in when there is a big story in whatever country it's in, it is disparagingly called parachute journalism. i wonder what you make of it as a journalist in the country where there is a war right now? well, on the one hand, it's, of course, good that there are journalists coming to ukraine. you know, they are continuing to to cover this war six months into it. but, of course, i think the journalists who have been covering ukraine before this full scale invasion, they can contribute more and present a broader picture of what is actually happening. and i think also ukrainian journalists who are here on the ground, who have been collaborating with international media, like me, and like other my colleagues, they are also doing a very important part of the job because they understand the local context.

they have contacts on the ground. they have a lot of so—called warm contacts when you might not have to send official letters to get an interview from the ministry. but maybe you have a colleague that you worked a couple of years ago together, and now that colleague's working at the ministry and can organise things easier. and also a lot like what matters a lot is that people in ukraine and journalists in ukraine, they are living this war. so they are notjust reporting it, they are living it. and they have been themselves affected by it. their families, their loved ones, their friends have been affected by it. i think on the one hand, of course, it's kind of maybe more difficult to stay emotionally detached from what is happening. and you have to kind of take a deep breath before reporting, before writing something down, before saying something on air, like to kind of to stay neutral, to stay objective as a journalist, but also the fact that you are inside, that you are living it. this war, it kind of gives you more in depth, ithink, understanding and the information also coming from your sources

can be like more... you can get this information quicker. it can be more first—hand than for foreign journalists. as president zelensky has been the face of the war in the west. the narrative centred around this brave former comedian standing up for his country. how do you think the ukrainian government shaped the west's understanding of the war? well, i think the ukrainian government and president zelensky is doing a very good job on the communication front. they have been able to really reach the hearts and minds of people across the world, also appealing to different audiences with different messages that what president zelensky did in his addresses to various parliaments, tailoring his message to a different audience, referencing some historical events in the history of this or that country, and comparing it to the present situation in russia's war in ukraine. so i think they are doing quite, quite a good job. and i think part of the success

is also that they are genuine. they are not... this communication is not fake, it's not staged. it's genuine. it comes from... i'm just going to interrupt you. sorry. just as i was looking at a book that, deborah, you write the afterword for, it is edited byjohn mair. it's called reporting the war in ukraine. it includes articles from various people, including my old colleague from channel 4 news, alex thomson, who's chief correspondent there. he says the ukrainians have some profoundly effective controls over the media in this war and their message remarkably well stitched up. deborah, what do you think of that? i mean, how tightly controlled has the freedom to report in ukraine been? i think the thing you have to remember is it's a war. this is a country at war. and so the rules of a peacetime nation can't apply. information is as much of a weapon as any bomb or bullet, especially given the internet and given the ability to influence. you're seeing both sides are obviously fully aware of that and have got

sophisticated information operations. they need, the ukrainians need that in order to push back at the vast swathes of disinformation that has been pumped out by the kremlin machine. i was going to say, nic, you know, you quoted president zelensky in an article you wrote on cnn's website in which he said, you know, this is what we're interested in — maximum access for journalists, complete truth and full accountability. nic, do you see that as the full picture? you know, i've covered a lot of wars over the years, - and in any war situation, _ governments tend to stop you putting out information that's i operationally sensitive. they don't want video that could be used as sort of bomb _ damage assessment video. so getting up close to damaged buildings, particularly- government buildings, _ they're not going to want that kind of video getting out. and there is that pressure - from the ukrainian government on their own citizens as well not to put out that kind of video. . also the ukrainian government doesn't want strikes reported i

until it has officially reported - them, again, for the same reasons. this is very similar, - i would say, to many other conflicts i've covered. but, you know, you can get to this point. - you know, we were there a few weeks ago. - it suffered the night - of the heaviest bombardment since the war began. we went out to some - buildings that had been hit. we said in our reporting there i are buildings here that we can't show because they're connected to the military. _ so i think there are ways... ways of being open about that. so i wasjust going to yeah, | i wasjust let me just finish, what the mayor had to say, | you know, the mayor spoke about collaborators going around, passing information about where i they'd seen troops staying, i where they'd seen, you know, military vehicles parked. so i think the mayor himself- admitted to the fact that this sort of information is being directly used against the government. | so, you know, therel are ways to report it.

oz, you were nodding earlier on or about, you know, whether we're being shown the full picture. yeah, i was agreeing with everything my colleagues were saying. no ukrainian force authority ever tried to stop me from doing myjournalism or stop me from reporting things that might be inconvenient to ukraine. the one thing that they didn't want me to do is film active positions or buildings that were being used for military. they didn't want to give away information to the enemy. and i think that there's a difference between that and some sort of like state censorship on, you know, there's no one tailing you around like you go to china and try to report on the concentration camps in xinjiang. there's no minder, ukrainian minder with you. they're just like, please don't film this. we've got soldiers here. we don't want it to be bombed. and i think that that's a very reasonable thing for a country that's at war to ask journalists to do. and i don't think that it's a violation of our ethical conduct to adhere to those principles, because, you know, this is an operational security matter, both for the journalists involved

on the ground and for the military and ukrainian authorities. 0k. i'm going to bring in francis scarr here from bbc monitoring because, you know, there's a sense, isn't that we don't really get access to russian controlled areas. we're less clear what's happening behind russian lines. at the start of the war, francis, you came on the media show you came on the media show and you told us how the russians were reporting this as a battle to de—nazify of our ukraine. like nic, early on, you were advised to leave russia, but you are still watching what's happening there. how is the narrative changed over these six months, do you think? well, there are two sides to this, really, katie, because there are no signs that russians are being prepared by state tv for some kind of scaling down of the kremlin's overall objectives in ukraine. the dominant message on state tv is that russia is certain to prevail, although the nature of this victory is never really spelled out. on the talk shows that i spend a lot of time watching, the hosts will often introduce war correspondents by saying,

"what successes do you have to report today on the front?" as if that is the only possible thing they could talk about, success, that it's kind of victory after victory being chalked up. on the other hand, the way the war is being framed has changed in that before it was described as this kind of limited, special military operation aimed at sort of clipping ukraine's wings. they always said that they were never hitting civilian targets, although, of course, we knew that not to be true. as it became clear that ukraine was putting up stiff resistance and was gaining significant support from the west, the messaging changed in that russian state tv then started to depict this as a kind of civilisational battle with the west. so the word "war" started being used that used. so is it still illegal to call it a war or not? well, they differentiate between what they're doing in ukraine, which they still call the special military operation. but they then talk about this kind of global standoff with the west, and they describe that as a war. some presenters have referred to the conflict as world war three.

and this morning, actually, a prominent russian opposition figure was arrested on charges of discrediting the armed forces. and as he was being arrested, he was asked by a journalist, what are they arresting you for? and he said for a single phrase, i called it an invasion of ukraine. 0k. i mean, i was interested in a report, actually, that i saw that russian state tv channels have seen their audiences drop by a quarter through this war. do you think president putin's grip on the narrative is as strong as it was when we first had you on? well, i think on the one hand, yes, because these people who, if this survey is reliable, these people, they're not turning to opposition media, they're not switching western media, and they're not putting vpns on their phone. they're simply becoming apolitical. they're not following the news. a lot of people in russia at their dachas, their summer houses, where they're doing a lot of gardening, tending to their vegetables, and they're simply not watching the news. and you have to remember that since the war started, it's been wall to wall coverage, and people probably can't simply stand it any more because there's

very little entertainment programming little sport, no cookery shows. no light entertainment at all, as far as i can tell. deborah from sky news, let me just bring you back in. do you think the russian perspective has actually been lacking in reporting of this conflict in the western media? i don't think it's been lacking. i think well, i can only talk. from what i've seen and how we report the story. it's obviously important to ensure that the arguments being put- forward by president putin are included in reports. i but then it's all it's also about truth. . and you have to as well call out the falsehoods and the lies that are coming from the russian side when they are talking _ about the reasons for this invasion. and i think failure to do that means that you're not giving _ the audience the correct story. it's really interesting to see, if you look back to 2014 - and the annexation of crimea and how the language that the media -

uses now, talking back- to what happened back then, is so much clearer. whereas back in 2014 it was a bit i of a sort of a grey area, you know, in some of the reporting of what was going on. . i think because maybe it was, i you know, governments couldn't believe what was happening right at the beginning and nato- was very slow to respond. so i think yeah, i think i do think that the west the russian - perspective is portrayed, but in context. _ 0k. and nic, i mean, we talk a lot about impartiality in journalism. i mean, what does impartiality even mean when it comes to this war? i thinkjournalism is about speaking truth to power. and if power is lying, then you're telling power that it's lying. and i think this happens in greater heaps with the russian government because they are more egregiously lying. but their message does get traction. their message gets traction in the middle east. their message gets traction in china. traction in parts of africa.

hello this is bbc news. the headlines: ministers claim that waiting until a new leader is in place as the best approach. i think it is right that when they become prime minister, whoever it is. they will want to look at all of the options, properly costed. police investigating the fatal shooting of nine—year—old at her home in liverpool. have arrested a second man on suspicion of murder. a national emergency has been declared in pakistan after millions of people were forced from their homes, it follows the heaviest monsoon rains in decades. it follows the heaviest monsoon rains in decades. , ., follows the heaviest monsoon rains in decades-— in decades. it is that more than ten da s of in decades. it is that more than ten days of heavy _ in decades. it is that more than ten days of heavy rains _ in decades. it is that more than ten days of heavy rains and _ in decades. it is that more than ten days of heavy rains and yet - in decades. it is that more than ten days of heavy rains and yet the - days of heavy rains and yet the streets are still flooded, this is one of the main roads this community to the outside world.