hello and welcome to the programme. in iran, a fire has broken out at the notorious evin prison in the capital tehran, where political prisoners including dozens of foreign nationals are being held. in videos posted on social media, gunshots and an alarm can also be heard. iranian state media has said the fire has been brought under control. it reported that at least eight people had been injured and there were no fatalities. it comes as iran enters its fifth week of nationwide protests, sparked by the death in custody of a young woman detained for not correctly wearing the mandatory headscarf. the internet was shut down accross much of the country on saturday, but videos have emerged showing protests in a dozen cities, including tehran.

in the northwestern city of ardabitl, there have been reports of the security forces opening fire on demonstrators and protesters throwing rocks and chanting �*death to the dictator'. i spoke to rana rahimpour of the bbc�*s persian service, about the fire at the prison and the wider protests. a few hours ago we started receiving videos from a notorious prison and over the last four weeks more and more people have been taken to the prison. in the videos we can hear gunshots, many of them and at some of the videos we can hear explosions come out. we know that special forces the hype and forces have been deployed to the prison. many foreign prisoners are being kept there and

for nationals. we still don't know what is happening state media says that there has been a right in that it has been cleared but that is not the sense that we are getting. we are in touch with some family members, they say that they can't get a hold of their loved ones and prisons. the phone lines are not working and the internet, the wi—fi around the prison has been shut down so it is difficult to get any information. so there is heavy traffic, some people say most of the roads near the prison are blocked and the videos that they receive shows huge traffic and many people in the neighbourhood are on rooftop shouting, death to the dictator. extraordinary details adding to what we know about what is going on. how does this fit into why the protests that we have been seeing across the country today and of course the last few weeks? we country today and of course the last few weeks?— few weeks? we don't know exactly what happened _ few weeks? we don't know exactly what happened inside _ few weeks? we don't know exactly what happened inside the - few weeks? we don't know exactly what happened inside the prison i what happened inside the prison whether it is a riot or an antigovernment protest, so at this stage it is too early to link this

to the protests. but it could easily be linked to that because many of the protesters have been taken to that prison and the other prisoners are now aware of how intense the situation is outside the prison. but as you read or said we are now in the fifth week and this is not the longest and most widespread anti—regime protest in the history of the islamic republic since 1979 with the islamic revolution happened. it has been violently cracked down in it has not succeeded to stop the protests even today we have had several cities including here where a school student who had been arrested died of internal bleeding. so the anger is very serious and it is now all cross—country. one man has died and two others are missing in greece after torrential rain caused flash flooding on the island of crete. emergency workers say the victim had become trapped in his car. local media are repoting extensive damage in seaside villages,

where streets have been inundated with water. residents have been urged to limit their movements. just pause there to say goodbye to our viewers watching around the world. here in the uk, there's the expectation of big changes to come to the country's entire economic plan. the country's new finance minister, jeremy hunt, says taxes could rise to help reassure financial markets. on friday the prime minister, liz truss, sacked the previous chancellor — and announced more u—turns on her big economic ideas — but is still facing criticism from her own mps. here's our political correspondent, ione wells. congratulations, mr chancellor. hours into his newjob, the chancellor was tasked with setting out his stall, it was a very

different one from the one the prime minister set out. on wednesday, she said she is absolutely not planning public spending cuts but listen to this. we have some very difficult decisions ahead, difficult decisions on spending, which is not going to rise as much as people hope and i am going to be asking all government departments to find additional efficiency savings. one person's efficiency savings is another person's cut. - yes. and remember when liz truss said the country cannot tax its way to economic growth? we are also going to have pressure on the tax—side, taxes are not going to come down by as much as people hoped and some taxes will have to go up. then there was her pledge to boost spending on defence to 3% of national income by 2030. but the defence department, too, is going to have to help find efficiencies. the long—term ability to fund an increasing defence spending will depend on stability in the economic situation and a healthily growing economy.

the prime minister moved in here just weeks ago, promising to cut taxes, to not cut public spending, and boost defence spending. the new chancellor, who will base himself here, just next door, has now said that all of those things are back on the table. this leaves massive questions for liz truss about what she stands for, and who is really in charge, after the economic plan that she won the tory leadership election on now all hangs on the balance. the opposition were quick to say it was not enough for the prime minister to just replace her chancellor. they did notjust tank the british economy, they also clung on, clung on as they made the pound sink, clung on as they took our pensions to the brink of collapse, clung on as they pushed the mortgages and bills of the british public through the roof. they did all of this. all the pain our country faces now is down to them.

and there is still one person clinging on, the prime minister. um... the prime minister's press conference yesterday did little to ease conservative mps' fears about her leadership. supporters of her policies are annoyed she has done a u—turn on some of her tax cuts. i have therefore decided to keep the increase in corporation tax that was planned by the previous government. mps who did not like them think she is not the right person for thejob. some think it would be mad to oust her already. others argue that would be better than the alternative. aren't you going to say sorry? and she faces more clashes with them ahead, on possible spending cuts, on her plans to bring back fracking, on changes to house—building and planning rules. she is still in the top job but feels far from being completely in control of her increasingly divided party. ione wells, bbc news.

well the governor of the bank of england, andrew bailey, spoke to the new chancellor yesterday — and he said there was a �*clear meeting of minds' on the importance of stability. this afternoon mr bailey also warned of the possibility of higher interest rates ahead — more than previously expected. our business correspondent, marc ashdown, has this analysis. all smiles launching the mini budget at the end of september. and with it a new political phrase — trussonomics, describing liz truss's vision for a high growth, high wage, low tax economy. butjust three weeks later, her new chancellor has buried it. have you been given a clean slate? can you change elements of the mini budget if you want to? yes. and the fundamental thing the prime minister wants me to do and i need to do is to be completely honest with the country. trussonomics reversed, then. tax cuts likely replaced with tax rises, huge investment replaced

with a spending slowdown. this rethink has largely been driven by the turmoil in the financial markets since the mini budget was announced. the pound has had a torrid time. the effective cost of government borrowing has soared and the bank of england had to step in with an emergency programme — buying up government bonds to stabilise the pension sector. there is a pressing need, then, to restore some confidence and credibility. bank of england governor andrew bailey said he spoke to the new chancellor yesterday and had an immediate meeting of minds. but in a speech in washington dc, he had this warning on interest rates. we will not hesitate to raise interest rates to meet the inflation target. and as things stand today, my best guess is that inflationary pressures will require a stronger response than we perhaps thought in august. the current base rate is 2.25%. investors are expecting a rise of up to one percentage point in november to 3.25%.

most mortgage offers are currently already around 6%, but a bigger rise in the base rate will affect the economy elsewhere. and even with a change of approach, the government's problems remain the same — how to find tens of billions of pounds to help people with their energy bills and make the sums add up. we're certainly looking at a really tough couple of years. we've got a very tough economic environment. we've got very stretched public finances. i think we're going to see some even further reversal of the tax cuts that we've had and, in addition, probably some very tight spending rounds. the first verdict will come when financial markets open next week. i don't expect a dramatic reversal, because the devil will be in the detail. and when we find out the detail of the budget on the 31st of october, that will be perhaps a more holisticjudgment being made by financial markets. that's a fortnight away — a long time in the life of a chancellor. marc ashdown, bbc news.

to turkey now — and the latest on the explosion in a mine on friday. earlier, whilst on a visit of the scene of the disaster, president erdogan confirmed that 41 people had died. it's believed a build—up of methane gas caused the explosion at the coal mine in the northern city of amasra on the black sea coast. the bbc�*s, anjana gadgil, reports. a funeral for one of the miners killed in the blast in the black sea costal town of amasra. other families waited outside the morgue where their relatives' bodies lay. it's one of turkey's deadliest industrial accidents in years, and left smoke billowing into the sky. over 100 people were working there at the time. more than 70 workers took part in rescue efforts, which went on throughout the night. crowds gathered around the head of the mineshaft. many were family members of the dead and injured. it's believed methane ignited

at a depth of 300 metres, causing a fire in one of the tunnels. president erdogan made a visit to the scene and said he hoped no more lives would be lost. translation: of course we will find out how this explosion happened - and if there any people are responsible for it with the prosecutions which already started. turkey suffered its deadliest coal mining disaster in 2014, when 301 workers died in a blast in the western town of soma. the local prosecutor's office said it was treating this incident at the state—owned coal mine as an accident and has begun an investigation. anjana gadgil, bbc news. ayla jean yackley, a journalist based in istanbul, told me some of president erdogan�*s comments received mixed reviews. the rescue efforts have come to an end after 58 people were rescued from the mine

and erdogan announced that the death toll had reached a1. it's still quite early to talk about the investigation, but the president did promise that one would take place. he said that this mine did comply with very high safety standards, and he also acknowledged that it's unacceptable that a significant number of turks still do die in mining accidents in turkey, but he also mentioned his belief in fate, that that may have also played a role in this and that it might not be down to just safety standards. but again, it's too early to say what caused this disaster. well, let's focus a little more on what you were just saying there on erdogan, the president's visit there. how will those comments be received, do you think? he acknowledged that they might be controversial before he uttered them.

this is a part of the country that is very much part of his base all along the black sea. erdogan himself, his family, comes from the black sea and this is a province in turkey that has long supported his government that's been in power since 2002, so it's hard to say at this early stage whether it would have any impact on his support there. and he was referring to this as a matter of faith, that as people of faith, there's belief that fate plays an important role. his critics, however, are pointing out that as there has been in previous disasters after investigations into those, that negligence could play a factor, and one report that is circulating now on social media comes from a 2019 inspection that revealed that there were risks of sudden gas discharges at the depths that these miners were working at, so it's, as i said, very early to say,

but there are concerns that there may have been risks that were not taken as seriously as they should have been. the footballer mason greenwood has been charged with attempted rape, engaging in controlling and coercive behaviour, and assault occasioning actual bodily harm. the 21—year—old manchester united striker was first arrested on suspicion of rape and assault injanuary, and was immediately suspended from playing or training by the club. he was re—arrested earlier today for allegedly breaching bail conditions. the leader of china, xijinping, is set to be given an historic third term in power, as the communist party congress gets under way in a few hours. and the effort to boost his image and popularity is in full swing across the country. state media has headlined stories about how poorer towns have been

transformed after visits from the president. our correspondent, celia hatton, looks at the rise to power of xijinping. applause. when he strode onto the stage ten years ago, signalling he'd become china's new leader, he was a relative unknown. he was supposed to rule alongside these six other officials. but now it's clear that he's reshaped the communist party, the military, and the government, so that he's at the top of it all. some call him the chairman of everything. so, how did he do it? how did he become so powerful? he started out with a bold vision — the china dream. it unleashed big projects to build things like high speed rail networks and new global trading routes that aimed to revitalise the whole country. and through viral incidents like this, a visit to a beijing steamed bun shop. he cultivated a different image for himself, making sure everyone in china knew his story and saw him as the top leader.

he reorganised the military, too. by ousting hundreds of generals and replacing them with his allies, he's firmly in control. and let's not forget the ongoing anti—corruption crackdown. this man, zhou yongkang, is the former top security chief now in prison for amassing $14 billion in ill—gotten gains. more than a million party officials have been punished under xi, silencing all rivals. the campaign's popular with the public, but it's also bred fear. xi is at the top of his game, but he faces serious challenges. china's economy is suffering under tight covid restrictions, and he's made quite a few enemies behind the scenes. china watchers will be looking to see if he begins to delegate any responsibilities, sharing the power and also the blame. celia hatton, bbc news. i'm joined now by xiaobu lu, professor of political science

at barnard college in new york, who specialises in chinese politics. thanks so much for coming on the programme. so a hugely significant moment if we work on the assumption that this third term will go ahead, how significant do you think it is? it is still very much in an important event in chinese political life. it is significant in different ways, usually party congress which is held every five years will decides major policy directions sometimes new policy directions can sometimes new policy directions can sometimes reiterate existing policies. also every ten years, which is this 20th party conference this year. usually the new department leaders will be decided including the very top leader. however this time of course, xi

jinping is going to have secured his third term. this higher echelon of party officials will be selected, elected. that is 400 some top and mid—level officials, party officials. and they are the key executive team of the chinese communist party. they are the ministers, governors...- communist party. they are the ministers, governors... how much ower ministers, governors... how much powerwill— ministers, governors... how much power will those _ ministers, governors... how much power will those people _ ministers, governors... how much power will those people have - ministers, governors... how much power will those people have if. ministers, governors... how much| power will those people have if the power will those people have if the power is continually centralised on the man himself?— power is continually centralised on the man himself? they certainly are us -la in: the man himself? they certainly are us playing a — the man himself? they certainly are us playing a key _ the man himself? they certainly are us playing a key role _ the man himself? they certainly are us playing a key role in _ the man himself? they certainly are us playing a key role in executing i us playing a key role in executing the central policies. sometimes china is a very big country and sometimes when you centre, beijing has a policy say zero covid policy

but mid—level officials have their own way of implementing it. and many different officials in those policies and the chances of it deviating from policy are great. and so there is always that principal agent problems, moderating the lower because the nature of the chinese system that only has vertical without horizontal and that is sometimes policy can be distorted. thank you very much for coming on and talking to us. the husband and wife team behind one of the most successful covid vaccines say they believe the same technology could help transform cancer treatment.

the pair ho founded the german company biontech, also said they would fight claims by a rival company that they infringed patents in their covid jab. if you have a covid booster this autumn, whether it is the pfizer and biotech or moderna jabs, they both rely on a new type of vaccine technology known as mrna. among the pioneers were husband and wife team professors ugur sahin and ozlem tureci. who founded biontech. speaking to sunday with laura kunz burke the doctor said, mrna is showing promise in cancer studies. where patients receive a personalised vaccine to prompt their immune system to attack their disease. every step, every patient we treat in our cancer trials helps us to find out more about what we are against and how to address that.

therefore as scientists, we are always hesitant to say we will have have a cure for cancer. we have a number of breakthroughs and we will continue to work on them. but it may be several years before we know if trials in bowel cancer, melanoma and other tumour types really do live up to the hype. covid vaccines have been highly successful and made billions for biontech. but rivalfirm moderna has started legal action for patent infringement. in essence claiming key elements of their mrna technology were copied. biontech says it will vigorously defend against the allegations. our innovations are original. we have spent 20 years of research in developing this type of treatment and of course we will fight for our intellectual property. these patent disputes won't stop the roll—out of covid vaccines. mrna technology came of age in the pandemic. the question now is can

it take on cancer? fergus walsh, bbc news. it's a mystery that has puzzled scientists for generations — but now one of nature's most incredible journeys is finally being mapped out. every year, eels leave european rivers to travel across the atlantic ocean to breed for a single time, and then die. their exact final destination has never been clear until now, as our environment correspondent, helen briggs reports. it's a tough life being an eel. arriving on the coast having drifted in the sea for months, tiny baby eels have to make their way upstream through fast—flowing water and passed numerous obstacles. they go up a vertical like this.

scientists have been monitoring eels in this essex river for 20 years, recording steep declines. compared to the historic number, there's been a 95% decline in young eels coming into fresh water from the ocean. after maturing into adults, growing up to one metre long, european eels swim all the way back across the ocean to reproduce and die. yeah, they've travelled thousands of kilometres to get here. it's taken up to two years. they will spend several years in the fresh water and then the adults have this huge journey, thousands of kilometres back. it's long been thought they end up in the sargasso sea but until now the facts have been hard to prove. there's still many more mysteries surrounding these eels? yeah, for hundreds of years, people have been trying to understand eels. they are very mysterious, they are incredible creatures. we are gradually learning more

and more and part of the monitoring that we are doing is helping to build up a picture of what's going on in the eel populations. the researchers picked up the trail in the azores islands in the middle of the atlantic ocean, attaching satellite tags to eels on the final leg of their journey. that's a big one. and they say they now have the first direct evidence of adult european eels reaching this spawning ground. we knew they could get as far as the azores but had final leg wasjust undiscovered. so, we thought if we could tag eels in the azores, then we might fill that gap. and we have managed this, we can confirm we have filled in that final leg of the journey to the sargasso sea. ros wright, researcher at environment agency ending that report from our environment correspondent, helen briggs. now its time for the weather.

for those of you who had a wet and blustery saturday sunday looks better. only slowly putting away north and eastwards through the evening and overnight. behind her a quieter spell of winter weather for most of sunday. back to tonight plenty of showers around especially for northern ireland scotland in northern england. further south some shoppers around adverse tending to fade as the night wears on with some clear spells developing. temperatures 6—9 c some rural parts of scotland could fall a few degrees lower. much of sunday looking mainly try it with some sunshine i say for much of sunday because there will be some rain arriving from the south west through the afternoon and also some showers in the morning across northern ireland scotland in northern england. so out of the way with dry and plenty of sunshine for the uk before the crowd starts to build from the south and south—west eventually pushing rain into the

southern and south western counties of england's wales and. when strengths irish coast but not nearly as strong as they were on saturday. tempers on par with saturday afternoon 11—13 c and 14—18 further south. that being different continues on its journey gradually north and overnight most of us will see a spell of sometimes heavy rain all tied in with this area of low pressure which is still with us on monday, slow to clear from scotland so we are likely to keep some rain here potentially birthing on monday as well some cloud and rain slowed to clear from the south east of england and is a glyph stop mainly dry plenty of sunshine but still those showers lingering. some gusty winds as well. temperatures on monday still in the mid to high teens for the much if england and wales 11—13 for scotland and

northern ireland. then from tuesday and into wednesday today looks to be and into wednesday today looks to be a quieter day but i'm sure you can see this next system arriving in from the atlantic as we head into wednesday. so a dry start to the week a good deal of sunshine for many on monday to see before some rain arrives midweek and with it stronger winds. bye—bye. this is bbc news, the headlines: there's been a huge fire at a prison in iran's capital tehran where hundreds of political prisoners and dozens of dual nationals are held. as the uk prime minister fights for herjob, the new chancellor signals he'll make major changes to her economic policy. in northern turkey, at least 41 coal miners have been killed in an underground explosion.

president erdogan promises an investigation during a visit of the scene. hello and welcome to our look ahead to what the papers will be bringing us tomorrow. with me are the writer and broadcaster kate bevan, and annabel denham, the director of communications for the institute of eeconomic affairs, which is a free market think tank. tomorrow's front pages, starting with... ..the sunday express goes for thejugular with the headline "revealed — secret plot to oust pm". 100 tory mps back bid for a unity candidate to take the helm at number 10. the sunday mirror poses the question "what next for britain?"