this is bbc news with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. gun shots are heard after a huge fire breaks out at a prison in iran's capital tehran. state media reports at least eight people had been injured. as the uk prime minister fights for herjob — the new chancellor signals he'll make major changes to her economic policy. we have difficult decisions ahead, on spending which is not going to rise as much as people would have hoped it and we will ask all departments defined efficiency savings.

in northern turkey, at least 41 coal miners have been killed in an underground explosion. president erdogan promises an investigation during a visit of the scene. translation: of course we will find out how this explosion happened, i and if there are any people responsible for it with the prosecutions, which have already started. the husband and wife team behind one of the most successful covid vaccines believe the same technology could help transform cancer treatment. there's been more unrest in iran, including at the evin prison in tehran, which houses hundreds of political prisoners and dozens of dual nationals. iranian state media says a fire broke out in the jail after clashes,

but that it's now under control and eight people were reportly injured. it follows another day of anti—government protests in several cities. demonstrations began last month in response to the death in custody of a young woman detained for allegedly not wearing her hijab correctly. duncan kennedy reports. this is ardabil, north—west of tehran, where protesters have started using rocks to take on the authorities. some are shouting, "death to the supreme leader." a slogan heard a lot in recent weeks. this is also believed to be ardabil, but this time the authorities appear to have the upper hand. the iranian government has brutal control of the media, but using a variety of techniques, the bbc has now named a total of 45 people, including children, who have died

since the protests began. many of the demonstrations are still being driven by young women and schoolchildren. it's nearly a month since these protests began following the death in police custody of a 22—year—old woman. speaking in california yesterday, president biden said the death of mahsa amini has aroused deep feelings in iran. it stunned me, what it awakened in iran. it's awakened something i don't think will be quieted in a long, long time. in another development tonight, shots have been heard in tehran�*s evin prison, after what state media say has been a riot. the jail has been set on fire. hundreds of political prisoners and journalists are held at the prison. duncan kennedy, bbc news. i'm joined now by our reporter azadeh moshiri.

lovely to have you here, would you start off with the firewood is the latest? ,, . . start off with the firewood is the latest? ,, ., ., , ., , latest? state media reporting is that the fire _ latest? state media reporting is that the fire is _ latest? state media reporting is that the fire is now _ latest? state media reporting is that the fire is now under- latest? state media reporting is. that the fire is now under control. insisting that no one died in that at this point there have been eight people injured. authorities are saying this resulted because of clashes between inmates, the fire department separately saying that they are still investigating the cost. so the picture is not clear. we do know is to see fighters and flames of the size and a compound like evin prison is concerning. specially when you are hearing things like gunshots, seeing riot police rushed to the scene and roads suddenly get clogged up with traffic. especially when we are now going on the fifth week of protests. it is going to worry a lot of iranians within the country in outside. that is also because evin prison is a notorious prison. and recent it is called that the it hosts hundreds of political prisoners activist as well as to

nationals. viewers in the uk will be familiar with some of the people held in evin prison. i have been getting messages from iranian americans concerned with a us iranian being held in evin prison. in the families in iran have been rushing to evin prison trying to get through because they want to know whether their loved ones are safe. so given the protests and the widespread unrest this is going to fuel further anger within the country. i fuel further anger within the count. , , fuel further anger within the count. , ., fuel further anger within the count. , ., country. i suppose the optics as far as the republicans _ country. i suppose the optics as far as the republicans concern - country. i suppose the optics as far as the republicans concern is - country. i suppose the optics as far as the republicans concern is they | as the republicans concern is they will be with wanting to quash and idea that we talked about support of the protests within the prison, what degrees you think the leaders of iran are unnerved by weeks and weeks now of these protests. the? iran are unnerved by weeks and weeks now of these protests.— now of these protests. they are auoin to now of these protests. they are going to be _ now of these protests. they are going to be grappling _ now of these protests. they are going to be grappling with - now of these protests. they are going to be grappling with howl now of these protests. they are i going to be grappling with how to get hold of this because as you say

it is more than a month now. they have been trying tried and true methods that have worked in the past. they worked in 2009 and 2019 the last few big protests. that is why combining a brutal crackdown with internet blackouts. usually that allows these protesters to quell but here you have people from all walks of life, led first by women in schoolgirls, but men and women in schoolgirls, but men and women of all ages are involved. so these videos, reports are still getting out there. i remember in 2019 when it was about the economy and fuel protests, there was a moment where there was this deathly silence and that is when we were getting reports of hundreds of people being killed and yet nothing was coming out of the country. that is not happening here. that is because it's notjust about the economy but the system as a whole. the headscarf, the hitjob why has

it become a symbol of defiance. that is because it is notjust about the hijab itself. the mandatory hijab is one of the most visible symbols of the islamic republic. the it is when the islamic republic. the it is when the country — the islamic republic. the it is when the country started _ the islamic republic. the it is when the country started to _ the islamic republic. the it is when the country started to look - the country started to look different. so it is a threat to the ideology behind the republic. 0nly different. so it is a threat to the ideology behind the republic. only a couple days ago the government had an affiliate with the revolutionary guards that showed many prominent women with the hijab on and it's at the women of my homelands iran. within a day many of these women, at least three before they turn it down saying they did not consent to their photo being on the billboard calling officials murderers and so they have to quickly pull it down. it is a

sign that they are struggling to win hearts and minds here.— hearts and minds here. thank you very much- _ the new uk chancellor, jeremy hunt, has indicated there'll be major changes to liz truss' entire economic strategy. mr hunt said mistakes had been made by the government and warned of what he called �*very difficult decisions' ahead. he suggested taxes could rise to help restore market confidence and also talked about spending cuts. mr hunt was appointed on friday after the prime minister sacked his predecessor, kwasi kwarteng. here's our political correspondent, ben wright. congratulations, mr chancellor. the fourth chancellor in as many months. jeremy hunt's job now is to try and urgently calm financial markets. he has just two weeks to write a budget that looks set to junk many of the prime minister's signature policies. on wednesday, liz truss said she was absolutely not planning public spending cuts. but listen to this. we have some very difficult decisions ahead, decisions on spending, which is not going to rise as much as people hope, and i'm going to be asking all government departments to find

additional efficiency savings. 0ne person's efficiency savings is another person's cuts. yes. during the tory leadership contest, liz truss said the country couldn't tax its way to economic growth, but now... we are also going to have pressure on the tax side. taxes are not going to come down by as much as people hoped, and some taxes will have to go up. then there was the prime minister's pledged to boost defence spending to 3% of national income by 2030. but the defence department too is going to have to help find efficiencies. the long—term ability to fund an increase in defence spending will depend on stability in the economic situation and a healthily growing economy. spending cuts and tax rises is not what liz truss planned when she entered number ten last month but the economic and political turmoil that followed her first

chancellor's mini budget has forced a fundamental rethink, plunging her premiership into chaos. yesterday, the smiles had gone and the prime minister's appearance in number ten did little to convince her tory party critics that she is up to the job. some believe herfuture now hinges on the chancellor's budget at the end of this month. if that package doesn't work and the markets are still reacting all over the place, then i think she is in considerable trouble. she has admitted mistakes and if she admits those mistakes and puts them right then i think she could conceivably get beyond this. but i emphasise could, because i think it all depends on that financial statement on the 31st of october. the opposition said the prime minister's government was now clinging on. they didn't just tank the british economy, they also clung on. clung on as they made the pound sink, clung on as they took our pensions to the brink of collapse, clung on as they pushed the mortgages and bills

of the british public through the roof. they did all of this. liz truss clearly wants to battle on, hoping this turmoil will subside, but behind her in parliament sits a fractious, even mutinous party. some think it would be mad to try and oust the prime minister already, others say keeping her in place would be worse. rebuilding her political credibility will not be easy. ben wright, bbc news. well the governor of the bank of england, andrew bailey, spoke to the new chancellor on friday — and he said there was a �*clear meeting of minds' on the importance of stability. at the imf in washington, mr bailey also warned of the possibility of higher interest rates ahead — more than previously expected. our business correspondent, marc ashdown, has this analysis. all smiles launching the mini budget

at the end of september. and with it a new political phrase — trussonomics, describing liz truss's vision for a high growth, high wage, low tax economy. butjust three weeks later, her new chancellor has buried it. have you been given a clean slate? can you change elements of the mini budget if you want to? yes. and the fundamental thing the prime minister wants me to do and i need to do is to be completely honest with the country. trussonomics reversed, then. tax cuts likely replaced with tax rises, huge investment replaced with a spending slowdown. this rethink has largely been driven by the turmoil in the financial markets since the mini budget was announced. the pound has had a torrid time. the effective cost of government borrowing has soared and the bank of england had to step in with an emergency programme — buying up government bonds to stabilise the pension sector. there is a pressing need, then, to restore some confidence and credibility. bank of england governor andrew bailey said he spoke

to the new chancellor yesterday and had an immediate meeting of minds. but in a speech in washington dc, he had this warning on interest rates. we will not hesitate to raise interest rates to meet the inflation target. and as things stand today, my best guess is that inflationary pressures will require a stronger response than we perhaps thought in august. the current base rate is 2.25%. investors are expecting a rise of up to one percentage point in november to 3.25%. most mortgage offers are currently already around 6%, but a bigger rise in the base rate will affect the economy elsewhere. and even with a change of approach, the government's problems remain the same — how to find tens of billions of pounds to help people with their energy bills and make the sums add up. we're certainly looking at a really tough couple of years. we've got a very tough economic environment. we've got very stretched public finances. i think we're going to see some even

further reversal of the tax cuts that we've had and, in addition, probably some very tight spending rounds. the first verdict will come when financial markets open next week. i don't expect a dramatic reversal, because the devil will be in the detail. and when we find out the detail of the budget on the 31st of october, that will be perhaps a more holisticjudgment being made by financial markets. that's a fortnight away — a long time in the life of a chancellor. marc ashdown, bbc news. to turkey now — and the latest on the explosion in a mine on friday. earlier, whilst on a visit of the scene of the disaster, president erdogan confirmed that 41 people had died. it's believed a build—up of methane gas caused the explosion at the coal mine in the northern city of amasra on the black sea coast. the bbc�*s anjana gadgil reports. a funeral for one of the miners killed in the blast in the black sea costal town of amasra.

other families waited outside the morgue where their relatives' bodies lay. it's one of turkey's deadliest industrial accidents in years, and left smoke billowing into the sky. over 100 people were working there at the time. more than 70 workers took part in rescue efforts, which went on throughout the night. crowds gathered around the head of the mineshaft. many were family members of the dead and injured. it's believed methane ignited at a depth of 300 metres, causing a fire in one of the tunnels. president erdogan made a visit to the scene and said he hoped no more lives would be lost. translation: of course we will find out how this explosion happened - and if there any people are responsible for it with the prosecutions which already started. turkey suffered its deadliest coal mining disaster in 2014, when 301 workers died in a blast in the western town of soma. the local prosecutor's office said it was treating this incident at the state—owned coal mine

as an accident and has begun an investigation. anjana gadgil, bbc news. now, during his visit, president erdogan also said fate may have played a role in the deadly incident. ayla jean yackley, a journalist based in istanbul, explained how those comments are being received. he acknowledged that they might be controversial before he uttered them. this is a part of the country that is very much part of his base all along the black sea. erdogan himself, his family, comes from the black sea and this is a province in turkey that has long supported his government that's been in power since 2002, so it's hard to say at this early stage whether it would have any impact on his support there. and he was referring to this as a matter of faith, that as people of faith,

there's belief that fate plays an important role. his critics, however, are pointing out that as there has been in previous disasters after investigations into those, that negligence could play a factor, and one report that is circulating now on social media comes from a 2019 inspection that revealed that there were risks of sudden gas discharges at the depths that these miners were working at, so it's, as i said, very early to say, but there are concerns that there may have been risks that were not taken as seriously as they should have been. russia's defence ministry says that 11 people were killed and 15 more wounded at a military training ground when two citizens of an ex—soviet state opened fire on trainees during an exercise. the authorities described the incident in the belgorod region as a terrorist act. those killed were described

as volunteers who wanted to fight for russia in ukraine. russia's defence minstry said the initial assailants were shot dead. the footballer mason greenwood has been charged with attempted rape, engaging in controlling and coercive behaviour, and assault occasioning actual bodily harm. the 21—year—old manchester united striker was first arrested on suspicion of rape and assault injanuary —— and was immediately suspended from playing or training by the club. he was re—arrested earlier today for allegedly breaching bail conditions. the leader of china, xijinping, is set to be given an historic third term in power, as the communist party congress gets under way in a few hours. and the effort to boost his image and popularity is in full swing across the country. state media has headlined stories about how poorer towns have been transformed after visits from the president. celia hatton looks at the rise to power of xi jinping. applause. when he strode onto the stage ten years ago, signalling he'd

become china's new leader, he was a relative unknown. he was supposed to rule alongside these six other officials. but now it's clear that he's reshaped the communist party, the military, and the government, so that he's at the top of it all. some call him the chairman of everything. so, how did he do it? how did he become so powerful? he started out with a bold vision — the china dream. it unleashed big projects to build things like high speed rail networks and new global trading routes that aimed to revitalise the whole country. and through viral incidents like this, a visit to a beijing steamed bun shop. he cultivated a different image for himself, making sure everyone in china knew his story and saw him as the top leader. he reorganised the military, too. by ousting hundreds of generals and replacing them with his allies, he's firmly in control.

and let's not forget the ongoing anti—corruption crackdown. this man, zhou yongkang, is the former top security chief now in prison for amassing $14 billion in ill—gotten gains. more than a million party officials have been punished under xi, silencing all rivals. the campaign's popular with the public, but it's also bred fear. xi is at the top of his game, but he faces serious challenges. china's economy is suffering under tight covid restrictions, and he's made quite a few enemies behind the scenes. china watchers will be looking to see if he begins to delegate any responsibilities, sharing the power and also the blame. celia hatton, bbc news. the husband and wife team behind one of the most successful covid vaccines say they believe the same technology could help transform cancer treatment. the founders of the german company biontech added they would fight claims by a rival company that they infringed patents in their covid jab.

0ur medical editor fergus walsh reports. if you have a covid booster this autumn, whether it is the pfizer and biotech or moderna jabs, they both rely on a new type of vaccine technology known as mrna. among the pioneers were husband and wife team professors ugur sahin and 0zlem tureci. who founded biontech. professor sahin. professor tureci. speaking to sunday with laura kunz burke the doctor said, mrna is showing promise in cancer studies. where patients receive a personalised vaccine to prompt their immune system to attack their disease. every step, every patient we treat in our cancer trials helps us to find out more about what we are against and how to address that. therefore as scientists, we are always hesitant to say we will have have a cure for cancer.

we have a number of breakthroughs and we will continue to work on them. but it may be several years before we know if trials in bowel cancer, melanoma and other tumour types really do live up to the hype. covid vaccines have been highly successful and made billions for biontech. but rivalfirm moderna has started legal action for patent infringement. in essence claiming key elements of their mrna technology were copied. biontech says it will vigorously defend against the allegations. 0ur innovations are original. we have spent 20 years of research in developing this type of treatment and of course we will fight for our intellectual property. these patent disputes won't stop the roll—out of covid vaccines. mrna technology came

of age in the pandemic. the question now is can it take on cancer? it's a mystery that has puzzled scientists for generations — but now one of nature's most incredible journeys is finally being mapped out. every year, eels leave european rivers to travel across the atlantic ocean to breed for a single time, and then die. their exact final destination has never been clear until now, as our environment correspondent, helen briggs reports. it's a tough life being an eel. arriving on the coast having drifted in the sea for months, tiny baby eels have to make their way upstream through fast—flowing water and passed numerous obstacles. they go up a vertical like this. scientists have been monitoring eels in this essex river for 20 years, recording steep declines. compared to the historic number, there's been a 95% decline in young eels coming into fresh water from the ocean. after maturing into adults,

growing up to one metre long, european eels swim all the way back across the ocean to reproduce and die. yeah, they've travelled thousands of kilometres to get here. it's taken up to two years. they will spend several years in the fresh water and then the adults have this huge journey, thousands of kilometres back. it's long been thought they end up in the sargasso sea but until now the facts have been hard to prove. there's still many more mysteries surrounding these eels? yeah, for hundreds of years, people have been trying to understand eels. they are very mysterious, they are incredible creatures. we are gradually learning more and more and part of the monitoring that we are doing is helping to build up a picture of what's going on in the eel populations. the researchers picked up the trail in the azores islands in the middle of the atlantic ocean, attaching satellite tags to eels on the final leg of their journey.

that's a big one. and they say they now have the first direct evidence of adult european eels reaching this spawning ground. we knew they could get as far as the azores but had final leg wasjust undiscovered. so, we thought if we could tag eels in the azores, then we might fill that gap. and we have managed this, we can confirm we have filled in that final leg of the journey to the sargasso sea. for young eels arriving from the sea, there's still time to mature and grow. you can reach me on twitter — i'm @lukwesaburak and you can keep up to date with all the latest news on our website or the bbc news app. thanks for watching bbc news.

hello. the weekend started with plenty of showers, some heavy and thundery in places, gusty winds. as one area of low pressure begins to pull away from the uk, there'll be fewer showers around for part two of the weekend. for much of the uk, for much of the day, it'll stay dry. this is that area of low pressure pulling away. however, this is another one moving in towards the southwest later in the day, so there will be some wetter weather pushing north again by sunday evening. let's look at how sunday begins. and still some showers around, especially in scotland, some heavy ones in the west. temperatures a little lower than this in rural parts. a cooler night across southern areas of the uk. the showers in scotland will tend to fade away and they'll still be around the northern isles in the afternoon. but as you can see, though, elsewhere in the afternoon, for most places, it'll be dry, there'll be some sunny spells.

cloud increasing in northern ireland and indeed southern england, south wales, so you could see a few showery bursts of rain heading in later in the afternoon. and by evening, it'll be turning much wetter in northern ireland as this moves north. temperatures pretty much where they're going to be over the next few days, around 12 degrees in glasgow, 18 in london. very wet on sunday evening in northern ireland. we'll see some wet and windy weather pushing north across the uk overnight and into monday morning. the winds picking up again through irish sea and adjacent coasts and into western scotland, with gales in places. a much milder night, especially across wales and england. closer to that area of low pressure on monday, it's northern ireland and northern england that could well see some showers, but it'll be scotland bearing the brunt of some heavy downpours once again. for much of england and wales in the afternoon, actually, it'll be dry, broken cloud and sunny spells and not as windy as it still will be across the northern half of the uk. temperatures on monday may well be a degree or so higher in places. as we go into tuesday, this latest area of low pressure pulls away.

then there's a ridge of high pressure settling things down. there is another area of low pressure, though, sitting to our southwest. and whilst on tuesday, most places are looking dry, just the odd shower here and there, cloud mayjust start to increase across eastern scotland, northeast england. the breeze will pick up later towards the southwest, closer to that next area of low pressure, which will gradually on wednesday start to feed some outbreaks of rain in from the southwest, whereas many places will actually have another dry day. but wetter weather becoming more widespread again towards the end of the week. that's your forecast. bye for now.

this is bbc news. the headlines: gunshots are heard after a huge fire breaks out at a prison in iran's capital tehran. state media reports at least eight people had been injured. as the uk prime minister fights for herjob, the new chancellor signals he'll make major changes to her economic policy. in northern turkey, at least 41 coal miners have been killed in an explosion. president erdogan promises an investigation during

a visit.