this is bbc news, broadcasting to viewers in the uk and around the world. i'm david eades, the headlines... at least 68 people have died after a bridge collapsed in india's western state of gujarat. local reports say as many as 400 people were on the structure at the time. national mourning in south korea after 154 people are crushed to death at a halloween event in the capital seoul. and more people fell, and i lost my friend. and i turned around and i told the crowd, "you can't come this way. "people are dying." and brazil votes for a new leader. the current president, jair bolsonaro of the far right, faces left—wing former president luiz inacio lula da silva in the deciding round.

an immigration centre in southern england has been firebombed, with the suspect reported to have killed himself. officials in india say at least 68 people have died after a suspension bridge collapsed in western india. at least 150 people were thought to be on the bridge in morbi in gujarat state at the time, but it's feared that number could have been far higher. the bridge had onlyjust re—opened to the public following extensive renovations. in a tweet, the prime minister of india, narendra modi said he had spoken to local officials regarding the incident and that the rescue operation was ongoing. he pledged to give all possible help to those affected.

our south asia editor anbarasan ethirajan gave us the latest a short while ago. it isa it is a very tragic and unfortunate incident in the state of gujarat because hundreds of people were out on a holiday, today is a sunday and also a hindu religious festival, the post—diwali period, people still enjoying their holidays and the bridge, a pedestrian bridge, collapsed, trapping 100 also people down the river. the authorities have been giving different figures on how many were on the bridge, up to 500, but what we know is that dozens of people have died and the number of people have died and the number of people killed in this accident could increase further. the government has sent an emergency team. it is already night in india. and they are desperately trying to rescue more people and one of the eyewitnesses were saying that most of those who died in this incident were women, children and the elderly. the

ictures children and the elderly. the pictures themselves are dreadful enough. tao is more about this bridge. if it only reopened five days ago, i understand it was being renovated. it days ago, i understand it was being renovated. . , days ago, i understand it was being renovated. ., , , renovated. it was built during the colonial period, _ renovated. it was built during the colonial period, about _ renovated. it was built during the colonial period, about 100 - renovated. it was built during the colonial period, about 100 years | colonial period, about 100 years ago, and it was a popular destination for people living in this city, because people walk over the river, a panoramic view of the river and city. it was a well—known destination. people are having doubts about its security a few years ago because it was more than 100 years old. because of its age. and there were extensive renovations carried out. many of the indian channels were talking about how they allowed people back on the bridge without having any safety on it. —— safety audit. crowd management is always an issue in india because of the number of people coming in. it is not the first time a bridge has collapsed. this incident could happen in any country. at a number of bridges have collapsed in india

over the years and questions might be asked, if it is a new bridge, a bridge renovated extensively in the last few months, why people are allowed to go without a safety audit, if it is true, and why there was no security arrangements to control the number of people who can go on this bridge and the fact that the minister shows that there is no coordination about how many people there are on the bridge, how many people died and what kind of rescue workers carried out. a period of national mourning has been declared in south korea after more than 150 people were crushed to death while out for halloween festivities in the capital seoul. most of the victims were teenagers and young adults who had gone to the itaewon district, known for its nightlife and restaurants — and were caught up in the disaster while in a narrow alleyway that runs down

the side of a hotel. let's speak to keith still, professor of crowd science at suffolk university. he specialises in teaching the principles and applications of crowd safety and crowd risk analysis. and you very much for your time. this is an appalling event, obviously. it is understandable within the confines of something like a stadium, but out in the open, how does this sort of thing happen? it is not in the open, it is a narrow alleyway with two roads leading towards it, from what i see and understand from the various video footage, crowds flowing from two different directions, down a narrow alleyway. it is like any environment, there is a finite number of people you can contain in that space safely. 0nce number of people you can contain in that space safely. once you exceed those safe limits, these are the kind of consequences.— those safe limits, these are the kind of consequences. usually, we would meet _ kind of consequences. usually, we would expect some _ kind of consequences. usually, we would expect some sort _ kind of consequences. usually, we would expect some sort of - kind of consequences. usually, we would expect some sort of panic, l kind of consequences. usually, we| would expect some sort of panic, a bit of a rush on, a stampede even, and that is not appear to have been the case, so how would one explain it? , ., ., ., , ,

it? let me first of all address the falla , it? let me first of all address the fallacy. this _ it? let me first of all address the fallacy, this was _ it? let me first of all address the fallacy, this was not _ it? let me first of all address the fallacy, this was not a _ it? let me first of all address the fallacy, this was not a stampede. that would mean that people have space to run. clearly this is a crowd crush, a progressive crowd collapse. people don't die because they panic, they are panicking because they are dying. you need to get the contacts write about what happened, what caused it was just overcrowding. as i said, in any environment, there is a finite number of people that can be safely held in that space. you calculate the area, you know the size of a person, roughly what the density should be, and once that is exceeded, these type of risks manifest. i exceeded, these type of risks manifest. , , exceeded, these type of risks manifest-— exceeded, these type of risks manifest. , , ., �* , exceeded, these type of risks manifest. , , , ~ , manifest. i presume that'll be key to an investigation _ manifest. i presume that'll be key to an investigation to _ manifest. i presume that'll be key to an investigation to how - manifest. i presume that'll be key to an investigation to how this - to an investigation to how this could happen, which is how you manage the number in a space like this. it is easier obviously in a confined area, in a stadium, for example. confined area, in a stadium, for examle. , , confined area, in a stadium, for example-— confined area, in a stadium, for examle. , , , , example. yes, but the streets can also be managed. _ example. yes, but the streets can also be managed. look— example. yes, but the streets can also be managed. look at - example. yes, but the streets can also be managed. look at all- example. yes, but the streets can also be managed. look at all of i example. yes, but the streets can l also be managed. look at all of the christmas fairs we have in the uk. if the space ahead is full, you manage the crowd and regulate the

crowd flow into that area until such times as people have left. it is a question of understanding the capacity, the number of people that can be safely held in that area and then managing it accordingly. i think we saw video footage earlier of police managing just that. in a previous event, pre—pandemic. that previous event, pre-pandemic. that is also part — previous event, pre-pandemic. that is also part of— previous event, pre-pandemic. that is also part of the _ previous event, pre—pandemic. that is also part of the point, it is a tragedy in that so many people took the opportunity to get out and about again for this particular occasion, more than has ever been known before. �* . , ., more than has ever been known before. �* ., i. more than has ever been known before. ., ., before. again, you can anticipate that. before. again, you can anticipate that- people _ before. again, you can anticipate that. people want _ before. again, you can anticipate that. people want to _ before. again, you can anticipate that. people want to celebrate, l before. again, you can anticipate . that. people want to celebrate, they want to get back into the bustling nightlife, you plan accordingly. you know the amount of space you have, the amount of people, you need to regulate that crowd flow. this is the very essence of crowd safety and crowd risk analysis. understanding the limits. , ., , the limits. given that is well understood, _ the limits. given that is well understood, you _ the limits. given that is well understood, you have - the limits. given that is well - understood, you have explained it very clearly, it is frightening, how

often we are reporting on crushes, surges like this in which people have lost their lives. i think only in the congo yesterday, there was a concert crush, another 11 people died. a terrible incident at a football stadium in indonesia only a matter of weeks ago. it seems to be happening time and time again. it is happening time and time again. it is horri inc. happening time and time again. it 3 horrifying. we unfortunately collect data and case studies on this, it is part of our teaching and training programme, we are not getting this message out fast enough. there are relatively simple and low—cost techniques to keep crowds safe but they need to be implemented. they need to be understood and they need to have trained professionals was one of the products we are seeing is that during the pandemic, a lot of people left the entertainment industry and found gainful implement elsewhere. now of course, that skill set has gone. it needs to be

retrained. this is part of what we are doing in education, raising awareness. are doing in education, raising awareness-— are doing in education, raising awareness. ., , ., , awareness. that is an interesting oint as awareness. that is an interesting point as well- — awareness. that is an interesting point as well. thank _ awareness. that is an interesting point as well. thank you - awareness. that is an interesting point as well. thank you very - awareness. that is an interesting l point as well. thank you very much indeed. brazilians are voting to choose their next president in a closely—fought runoff election. the former left—wing leader luiz inacio lula da silva, who won the first round, has promised to restore peace and reinstate protection for the amazon rainforest. he's facing the far right incumbentjair bolsonaro, who said he will deepen his free market reforms. brazil's electoral authority has stepped up security in anticipation of a close result, amid concerns that mr bolsonaro may not accept the outcome if he loses. 0ur south america correspondent, katy watson who is in sao paulo and has more now on the two candidates and why this election has been so divisive. brazilians voting here today are voting with expectation and nerves. this is a tight race. in the first round, the opinion

polls vastly underestimated the support forjair bolsonaro, so many people feel that this could go either way. now, brazilians have a stark choice to make between far right incumbentjair bolsonaro, a man who is very popular with conservatives and religious voters, but also a man who has been accused of undermining democracy. and he's up against lula, who was a former president who, during his time, lifted millions of people out of poverty. but since then he has been involved in corruption scandals, he's spent some time in jail, charges that were annulled, but nevertheless, he has a mixed legacy. so they are two very different politicians at either end of the political spectrum, two populist politicians, and two really big personalities. and the main issues that brazilians here are worried about our poverty and the economy. one in four brazilians struggles to find enough food to eat every single day. it was hit hard by the covid pandemic. but on a global scale, i think these elections

are important because of the amazon. jair bolsonaro, under him he has seen deforestation soar, illegal activities such as mining also increase, and many people see this vote, these elections, as a vote on the future of the amazon. in iran, there've been more protests across the country including the capital tehran. it's the seventh week of protests following the death of 22—year—old mahsa amini after she was arrested for not covering her hair. students took to the streets, defying an order by the powerful revolutionary guards to stop the demonstrations. the security forces are reported to have fired live ammunition and gunshots at one of the protests, in the western city of sanandaj. let's go back to those presidential elections taking

place in brazil today — there's just under an hour left for people to cast their vote. i'm joined by bruno speck, professor of political science at the university of sao paulo. thank you very much forjoining us. we have been saying time and again how divisive and indeed how personally hostile this campaign has been. and i guess that is really no surprise to anyone. h0. been. and i guess that is really no surprise to anyone.— surprise to anyone. no, it is no surrise surprise to anyone. no, it is no surprise because _ surprise to anyone. no, it is no surprise because we _ surprise to anyone. no, it is no surprise because we have - surprise to anyone. no, it is no surprise because we have beenj surprise because we have been blaming this new culture of extreme political hostility and violence for three to four years now, so there is this candidate... they are both candidates that are widely popular but there is this new macho culture, not the man on horseback but the man on the motorcycle, which is represented by bolsonaro and he has

introduced new political style, which either ends today or will be there for a long time.— which either ends today or will be there for a long time. another term at least. there for a long time. another term at least- the _ there for a long time. another term at least. the polls _ there for a long time. another term at least. the polls have _ there for a long time. another term at least. the polls have pointed - at least. the polls have pointed very consistently to lula winning, may be scraping it, but winning nonetheless. there are plenty of people in brazil, i have averted time and again, saying wejust people in brazil, i have averted time and again, saying we just don't believe the polls any more. do you? no, i wouldn't risk to predict lula winning based on the polls because they got it so wrong last time and one of the reasons was that apparently bolsonaro followers didn't answer the polls, so the polls were actually biased. they weren't based on a representative sample and frankly, speaking, i don't know whether the polling officials have fixed that problem or

not. i can't predict anything based on the polls. it'll be a close race and we will know three hours from now. ~ ., �* ., ., ., ., now. we don't have long to wait until we get _ now. we don't have long to wait until we get the _ now. we don't have long to wait until we get the first _ now. we don't have long to wait until we get the first indication i until we get the first indication and the concrete result. there have been some concerns that security needs to be stepped up once the results come in. there have been concerns that may be bolsonaro not be happy with the result if he loses, or may even dispute it. do you think that is likely? i loses, or may even dispute it. do you think that is likely?— you think that is likely? i think that has been _ you think that is likely? i think that has been bolsonaro's - you think that is likely? i think| that has been bolsonaro's tone you think that is likely? i think - that has been bolsonaro's tone for actually before he became president. he threatened democracy, he manifested his despising democracy and glorified military dictatorship and glorified military dictatorship and torture. he attacked the supreme court and personally attacked the members of the supreme court. he

attacked the electoral system, the electoraljustice attacked the electoral system, the electoral justice system, attacked the electoral system, the electoraljustice system, he gathered the foreign missions to question the electoral system of brazil, so it is a very bizarre setting of a president criticising the institutions of his own country and again, i wouldn't... the institutions of his own country and again, iwouldn�*t... i the institutions of his own country and again, i wouldn't... i wouldn't believe his words. yesterday, he said he would accept the results, if he lost, he would accept the results, i think this has to be proven. results, i think this has to be roven. ~ ., ., , , proven. we will wait to see. every presidential _ proven. we will wait to see. every presidential election _ proven. we will wait to see. every presidential election is _ proven. we will wait to see. every presidential election is important. i think people recognise that. do you feel that there is a heightened significance here? maybe because it is a former president against a current president, because there is a strong left wing against a strong right—wing. does this feel like a bit of a sort of watershed moment? i

bit of a sort of watershed moment? i think it is the most important election in 30 to a0 years. just remembering the military dictatorship ended 85, with the election of a new president, first civilian president in 18 nine, so it is 30, 35 years now since the re—democrat isaiah and we have not seen such a violent and clear attack on the democratic institutions for these 35 years. no president. and not even a leading politician has questioned the political system, as bolsonaro does. if he gets re—elected for another four years, he will certainly change the institutional setting in a direction thatis institutional setting in a direction that is apart from the past a0 years. that is apart from the past 40 ears. ~ ., ., that is apart from the past 40 ears, ~ ., ., , that is apart from the past 40 ears. ~ ., ., , , ., years. we wait to see exactly what does emerge- _

years. we wait to see exactly what does emerge. in _ years. we wait to see exactly what does emerge. in the _ years. we wait to see exactly what does emerge. in the meantime, i years. we wait to see exactly what - does emerge. in the meantime, thank you very much indeed. police in the uk have confirmed that a number of incendiary devices were thrown into a borderforce centre in dover on the south coast of england. the police said the incident caused a small fire and one person was injured. the centre is used to process migrants who have crossed the english channel. reports say the suspect killed himself after the incident. earlier our correspondent matt graveling gave us this update from dover. it was around 1130 when police were aware of reports that a man had begun throwing petrol bombs. he then got in a white car and drove to this petrol station and it has been reported that he took his own life. we don't yet know what his motivation was for doing this but

just yesterday, it was reported as almost 1000 migrants came through to dover. we have asked the home office for a statement that they have said it would be inappropriate to comment further. the un says the secretary—general, antonio guterres, is involved in intense negotiations to try to rescue a deal that lets ukraine export grain from its ports in the black sea. russia said yesterday it was suspending the agreement because its fleet in crimea had been attacked. kyiv hasn't admitted being behind the drone strike. the un—brokered deal allowed ukraine to resume exports of crops like wheat — amid a food crisis in parts of asia, africa and the middle east. our correspondent, james waterhouse, sent us this update. there are urgent talks. we understand they are going to stretch into tomorrow. you have heard what the un makes of this pause, describing it as deeply concerning, turkey, who also brokered this deal, have also echoed those calls for the grain agreement to resume and interestingly, an official was quoted as saying that there were grounds

for optimism, but it is hard to see where that is because russia has been accused of using the grain dealers leveraged as its military frustrations continue and they don't get much more frustrating than this extraordinary drone strike that we saw yesterday on the black sea fleet. an attack which ukraine has denied... well, has not confirmed that it was behind but there are very few think it was any other country. the motives for this attack are clear. it is a fleet which russia has used to launch missile strikes across the whole of the country but also, if it was ukraine, it shows that it is willing to take the risk of the grain deal falling apart for the sake of its own population. the world health organisation says there's been an unprecedented rise in cases of cholera around the world. our middle east correspondent, anna foster, reports from lebanon,

mira has cholera. there had not been a case here for 30 years. but now, as lebanon collapses, it is back. there have been hundreds of suspected cases in just a few weeks. but because there are not simple diagnostic tests, the true figure could be thousands. translation: my whole body aches. i can't eat or drink. i have chills and a fever. if i try to drink anything, it would go straight through me. out of here and here. the ministry of health promises vaccines are coming. but the hospital's director fears they will be overwhelmed before they arrive. translation: we can't cater for all | cases because of limited capacity. l after all, it is a small hospitalfor a big area and cases are increasing,

so if the problem is not contained, we won't be able to cope. many of the cases we saw in hospital are from this town. this channel of dirty brown water cuts right through the heart of this community, really close to homes where people are eating and washing, where children are playing, and it also comes out to irrigate these crops as well and it really shows you how cholera is able to spread so easily. lebanon's lack of electricity makes it hard to freshwater, so often, dirty water is all families can get. when new shoots are planted here in a few days, they will be fed from the polluted stream. this woman tells me they have no choice. now, like the outbreak, fear is starting to spread. cholera is transmitted through unclean water and lebanon's sanitation systems are broken.

hussain�*s brother hassan died from cholera three days ago. translation: we don't know where we got infected from. l we are living in a state of panic. worried that we catch it from the air we breathe. we are afraid of everything now. cholera cases in lebanon are growing daily. and the problems causing it are so big, they are hard to fix. but until there are major improvements to the country's infrastructure, it is difficult to see how this outbreak can be brought under control. anna foster, bbc news.

suella braverman has said that she rapidly reported the breach as soon as she realised it. the government has repeatedly defended rishi sunak�*s decision to reinstate her as home secretary, saying she made an error ofjudgment and accepted the mistake. we now know the original message she sent containing sensitive information was sent just sent containing sensitive information was sentjust before 7:30pm on the 19th of october. at 830, they responded, pointing out her mistake. at 10am, she replied, saying please delete the message and ignore. the bbc understands two

hours passed before she told officials what had happened. a source close to suella braverman said this delay needs to be seen in the context of her packed schedule. and cabinet colleagues have said she deserves a second chance was to she apologised for the mistake she made andindeed apologised for the mistake she made and indeed resigned from government. but the primus has made it clear that she deserves a second chance and i'm glad she is in cabinet because she is a first—rate front rank politician. because she is a first-rate front rank politician.— because she is a first-rate front rank politician. this government will have integrity. _ rank politician. this government will have integrity. concerns - rank politician. this government i will have integrity. concerns about her are causing — will have integrity. concerns about her are causing a _ will have integrity. concerns about her are causing a critical _ will have integrity. concerns about her are causing a critical headache| her are causing a critical headache for the new prime minister. he promised to lead a government of integrity. he was forced to spend his first pmqs defending her. the home secretary made an error of judgment — home secretary made an error of judgment but she recognised that and raise the _ judgment but she recognised that and raise the matter and she accepted her mistake. and that is why i was delighted — her mistake. and that is why i was delighted to welcome back her into a united _ delighted to welcome back her into a united cabinet.— united cabinet. opposition parties disauree united cabinet. opposition parties disagree and _ united cabinet. opposition parties disagree and labour _ united cabinet. opposition parties disagree and labour want - united cabinet. opposition parties disagree and labour want to - united cabinet. opposition parties disagree and labour want to try i united cabinet. opposition parties i disagree and labour want to try and

force the government to share any information given to the prime minister before her reappointment. rishi sunak should be replacing her. it was an error ofjudgment to appoint her to this, immensely seriousjob, and do so appoint her to this, immensely serious job, and do so for the sake of the political deal, just in order to get his way into number ten, just shows a carelessness towards those national security issues.— national security issues. some conservative _ national security issues. some conservative politicians - national security issues. some conservative politicians have l national security issues. some i conservative politicians have also raised eyebrows about the message her reappointment sense. i understand why the prime minister wanted _ understand why the prime minister wanted to— understand why the prime minister wanted to bring her back. he does need _ wanted to bring her back. he does need to— wanted to bring her back. he does need to be — wanted to bring her back. he does need to be very careful about the signels— need to be very careful about the signals are — need to be very careful about the signals are descending about ministerial code. the signals are descending about ministerial code.— ministerial code. the home secretary's _ ministerial code. the home secretary's entry _ ministerial code. the home secretary's entry is - ministerial code. the home secretary's entry is growing j ministerial code. the home - secretary's entry is growing with issues around crime, policing and immigration to tackle. just today, emergency services were sent to a migrant processing centre in dover after a man drove up to the centre, throwing petrol bombs at it before reportedly killing himself. this is just one of many issues mps will expect to hear suella braverman respond to week. some of them will

continue to question whether she is the right person for the job. (pres)strikes planned by royal mail workers in the next two weeks a series of strikes have taken place in recent weeks and more action had been planned in a long running dispute over pay and conditions. the communication workers union says after a letter from the company's legal team, it had decided to withdraw industrial action notices. the union said strikes would resume from saturday the 12th of november. an historic garden has discovered a fungus so rare it has to be kept in a cage to protect it from collectors. it's claimed it can help treat dementia and cancer. (tx 00v) it's claimed it can help treat dementia and cancer. the unusual �*bearded tooth mushroom', which is the size of a football, is protected by law. it means it's illegal to pick, uproot or destroy. it was spotted by a volunteer at the �*lost gardens of heligan' in cornwall. now on bbc news the weather with stav.

i think all in all the weather was not too bad this weekend. saturday was the better day with many areas staying dry with sunshine and it was exceptionally mild. for this upcoming week, it looks as if it will stay very unsettled, very autumnal, with low pressure bringing in wet and windy weather at times. also turning less mild as we start to pick off a westerly of the atlantic. those south—westerly winds through this evening and overnight. this mild air being driven in as you can see from the orange and yellow colours. but there will be showers with it, mud —— not so many for the first part of the night. a few returning into southern and western areas during the early hours another largely mild night. into monday,

pressure chart showing this next feature starting to push into western areas through the davis love another area of low pressure developing to the south, right —— arriving during halloween evening. not a bad day for the last day of october. sam goods for the sunshine, bar the shower but it will be quite wet. western scotland, northern ireland in particular. ifew showers getting into the south goes up to 1890 degrees fit, very mild for the time of year. meetings for the north. that rain selling fishing from england and were during halloween evening and overnight spread across much of the country as another could be quite heavy at times, the winds picking up. i can settle night again. a0 mph around the channel in the south—west. tippett is in double figures again across the cell. maybe down to around eight or 9 degrees for scotland and northern ireland. in

this area of low pressure clears away north—eastwards. then was either sex featuring in two southern areas was a swathe of wet and weather area. thursday another area of low pressure. really it is a roller—coaster ride of weather in this upcoming week. tebbit is falling. some sunshine around was well.

this is bbc news. i'm david eades. the headlines... at least 81 people have died after a bridge collapsed in india's western state of gujarat. local reports say at least 150 people were on the structure at the time. national mourning in south korea after 15a people are crushed to death at a halloween event in the capital seoul. brazil votes for a new leader. the current president,

jair bolsonaro of the far right, faces left—wing former president luiz inacio lula da silva