this is bbc news with the headlines. the united nations�* annual climate change summit has begun in egypt, with a warning that a year of extreme weather must be a wake—up call for the planet. we must answer the planet's distress signal with action, ambitious, credible climate action. at least 19 people have died after a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania while attempting to land in stormy weather. and with the us midterm elections just days away, president biden and donald trump continue on the campaign trail in the push to win crucial votes.

hello and welcome to bbc world news. welcome to viewers in the uk and around the world. the cop27 climate summit has begun in egypt with an agreement to discuss the possibility of wealthy countries handing money to poorer nations to help them cope with the impact of global warming. until now, developed countries have resisted pressure to put what's referred to as "loss and damage" on the agenda. the conference heard a warning that the past eight years have been the warmest on record. our climate editor justin rowlatt reports. cyclones ripped through madagascar earlier this year. floods displaced more

than a million people in nigeria. while another year of rainfall pushed parts of somalia and elsewhere in east africa even closer to famine. our planet is sending a distress signal. the last 80 years have been warmest on record, making each wave were life especially for vulnerable populations. sea levels are rising at twice the level of the 90s, posing an existential threat for low—lying island states and threatening millions of people in coastal regions. representatives of more than 200 nations are attending the talks. it is essential progress is made, they were told. whilst i do understand that leaders around _ whilst i do understand that leaders around the world have faced competing priorities this year, we must _ competing priorities this year, we must be _ competing priorities this year, we must be clear that as challenging as our current— must be clear that as challenging as our current moment is, in action is myopic— our current moment is, in action is myopic and — our current moment is, in action is myopic and can only defer climate catastrophe. —— inaction. but — catastrophe. —— inaction. but expect heated negotiations. egypt says the rich world needs to

come good on its promises of cash to help developing countries cut carbon and adapt to our changing climate. and there will be demands for money to help vulnerable nations with the climate —related impacts they are already experiencing. the fear is that the talks could be deadlocked. the ukraine war has driven up food and energy prices worldwide. developed nations are expected to say they don't have the cash to spare. many times, we have been given commitments and promises, but we haven't_ commitments and promises, but we haven't been given action, and of course, _ haven't been given action, and of course, a — haven't been given action, and of course, a promise that is broken, it kind of— course, a promise that is broken, it kind of destroys the trust that we have _ kind of destroys the trust that we have in_ kind of destroys the trust that we have in our— kind of destroys the trust that we have in our leaders. you _ have in our leaders. you don't have to go far from the coast here in egypt to find vivid evidence of what's at stake. the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiversity coral reefs in the world, but coral is incredibly vulnerable to climate

change. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. now, think what that means. an ecosystem that has taken hundreds of millions of years to evolve, gone forever. just in roulette reporting there. nineteen people have been killed after a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania while attempting to land in stormy weather. the aircraft had taken off from the capital dar es—salaam. the authorities say they did manage to rescue 26 people, who have been taken to hospital. emergency workers had to use small boats to reach the passengers. the crucial us midterm elections, which will decide who controls congress, arejust a couple of days away. president biden and former president 0bama have taken to the stage together at a campaign rally in pennsylvania. let's hear from the united states. joining me is alistair dawber, washington correspondent for

the sunday times. thanks very much forjoining us. we know that president trump is doing a rally, i think, know that president trump is doing a rally, ithink, in miami, sometimes around now and he is already getting around now and he is already getting a lot of attention even though his name isn't on any of the ballots. his name isn't on the balance, but he's got a lot of interest in this election. he's got a lot of people who we are supporting in various different races, for the senate, house of representatives and government races. so while his name isn't on the ballot, he has a very keen interest. it's something that possibly, if his candidates do well, could propel him towards a potential run again in 202a. and predicting these votes is a full�*s errand in a way, but do you want to give us a sense of where you think it is at the moment? if you had asked six weeks ago, i would have confidently predicted the republicans would win the house of representatives on tuesday and the democrats would probably hold on to

the senate. the polls have tightened a lot and i think the republicans now believe that they can win both houses, and therefore congos overall. i think it will be very, very close. if i had to put money on it, i would say the republicans will probably end up with control of both. and that also has a direct impact if thatis and that also has a direct impact if that is the case on president trump and those hearings into what happened last january? and those hearings into what happened lastjanuary? it and those hearings into what happened last january? it does. there is not _ happened last january? it does. there is not a _ happened last january? it does. there is not a great _ happened last january? it does. there is not a great deal- happened last january? it does. there is not a great deal of- there is not a great deal of appetite among republicans for the january the 6th committee hearings. if they do get control of the house, which at the moment, polls suggest they will, there is a good chance committee hearings will be scrapped altogether or watered down. he has been putting off giving evidence to the committee in the hope that there is a different regime comes round in january, and he will never have to answer to january the 6th. and president biden and 0bama, of course, have been out campaigning. there is obviously, you know, some

concern from many parties, across all the parties, about the aid of all the parties, about the aid of all those at the top of these parties. again, obviously, president biden�*s name not on the ticket, but he is out trying to garner support. yes, he has been out, he is going to maral and tomorrow, he has been to california, he was in pennsylvania last night. —— he is going to maryland tomorrow. if the democrats lose control of congress on tuesday, joe biden will find it very, very difficult to get his legislative agenda through congress in the final two years of his first term, and of course, that will set him back when it comes to planning for 202a. as we know, at the moment, biden seems to be full steam ahead and wants to run again in 2024, possibly against trump for a second time. but he's not really going to have much of a legislative platform to stand on, at least in the last two years of his presidency, if the republicans when both houses on tuesday.

what is driving the way people in marginal areas are now voting, the marginal areas are now voting, the marginal voters? {iii marginal areas are now voting, the marginal voters?— marginal areas are now voting, the marginal voters? of the economy is the big issue- _ marginal voters? of the economy is the big issue. there _ marginal voters? of the economy is the big issue. there are _ marginal voters? of the economy is the big issue. there are other - the big issue. there are other issues as well. the democrats have made a great play about abortion, the supreme court overturning r0e v wade, the supreme court overturning r0e v wade, the case that allowed for abortion protections. and they have also talked about democracy. president 0bama was with the president 0bama was with the president and he talked about the need to protect your vote. that is great, and americans do care about that, but they also care about the economy. inflation is at a 40 year high. when americans fill a car with gas it costs more than two years ago, that is what is really worrying americans. a recent poll for the new york times said 50% of people's number one priority in these elections was the economy, and that's what people are concerned about, not perhaps so much abortion

and democracy. and it looks as though, if the polls are to be believed, that the democrats might get punished for the troubles in the economy come tuesday. 0k, alistair dawber in the us, thanks for speaking to us today. we will now say goodbye to our viewers around the world on bbc world and be of course here for all our viewers in the uk. downing street has said the british prime minister believes expletive—laden text messages sent by the cabinet minister, sir gavin williamson are "unacceptable". a source from number ten has told the bbc that the first time rishi sunak saw the exchange between sir gavin and the former chief whip wendy morton was in this morning's newspapers. wendy morton's complaint is being investigated. 0ur political correspondent david wallace—lockhart reports. sir gavin williamson was sacked from the cabinet by boris johnson last year. rishi sunak made him

a minister again this month, the very same day the prime minister promised... integrity, professionalism, and accountability. but we now know that rishi sunak was aware that sir gavin was the subject of an official complaint made by the former chief whip wendy morton. shortly after the death of the queen, gavin williamson texted miss morton to accuse her of rigging the process for allocating spaces at her majesty's funeral to punish certain mps. he called this "absolutely disgusting". she replied, saying that was not the case. in one of a number of texts, sir gavin sent featuring in one of a number of texts sir gavin sent featuring expletives, he warned her, "there is a price for everything". many more messages were exchanged. this morning, gavin williamson's departmental boss said sir gavin regretted the messages he'd sent. that's not acceptable. he shouldn't have said it.

he has said he regrets doing so. what is the consequence for him? he has given some context that this was at the time of heightened frustration. it was, remember, him as a backbencher to the chief whip. so if you're in a bad mood it's ok to talk like that to a colleague? this is not acceptable. however, there is this complaints process ongoing and it was not the case that the prime minister had seen this exchange. but a former cabinet colleague of gavin williamson suggested the prime minister doesn't have time for these kind of scandals. the texts he sent to the chief whip were unacceptable and i think rishi sunak doesn't have the bandwidth for this kind of negative publicity. labour are questioning the prime minister's judgment. what it says is that rishi sunak was making decisions simply in his own narrow short—term interest as far as the conservative party leadership was concerned, not the national interest. rishi sunak had already faced criticism for reappointing suella braverman as home secretary shortly after she sent official documents from her personal e—mail.

today's revelation prompt more questions about the team the prime minister has assembled. the emergency services and members of the public were attacked with fireworks and petrol bombs during bonfire night. in edinburgh, two police officers were taken to hospital after bricks were thrown at their vehicle. katie hunter reports. bonfire night in the niddrie area of edinburgh. members of the public and the emergency services attacked by people with fireworks. many locals could not believe what was happening. could not believe what was happening-— could not believe what was haueninu. , ., ., could not believe what was hauaenin. , ., ., ., happening. they may of a blockade of bins that were — happening. they may of a blockade of bins that were being _ happening. they may of a blockade of bins that were being lit _ happening. they may of a blockade of bins that were being lit up, _ happening. they may of a blockade of bins that were being lit up, and - bins that were being lit up, and then there were fireworks in the street. i've been here since during the war. i've been here since during the war. iwas _ i've been here since during the war. iwas horn— i've been here since during the war. i was born here during the war, and i've i was born here during the war, and i've never— i was born here during the war, and i've never seen anything like this in my— i've never seen anything like this in my life — in my life. it's - in my life. it's a shame for the

an my the — it's a shame for the minority that has got _ it's a shame for the minority that has got to— it's a shame for the minority that has got to ruin _ it's a shame for the minority that has got to ruin it— it's a shame for the minority that has got to ruin it for— it's a shame for the minority that has got to ruin it for the - it's a shame for the minority that has got to ruin it for the vast - has got to ruin it for the vast majority— has got to ruin it for the vast majority of— has got to ruin it for the vast majority of us _ majority of us. this— majority of us. this morning, | majority of us. - this morning, work majority of us. _ this morning, work started majority of — this morning, work started to repair the damage at a local shop. 0ne police officer was injured in the trouble in niddrie, two others were hurt in another part of edinburgh. being attacked with bricks, being attacked with fireworks, being attacked with fireworks, being attacked with fireworks, being attacked with a petrol bomb, in fact, it is not acceptable. and it's clear that it's not acceptable to communities either, we hear that loud and clear, and today, we have offices commencing investigations into one of those assaults, and i would ask anybody who has any information that would assist those inquiries to contact police scotland on 101. police have arrested 12 people. they expect that number to rise. in the last hour, police in halifax have confirmed they are investigating the death of a 17—year—old boy following reports of fireworks being set off in a residential street.

west yorkshire police say they were called to a garden party at around 8.15pm yesterday evening by an ambulance crew. the boy, who has not been named, was taken to hospital where he later died of his injuries. nurses are likely to take their first ever national strike action according to their union. the royal college of nursing is still counting ballot papers returned by its 300,000 members, but says those counted so far suggest support for strike action, possibly before christmas. the rcn wants a 5% pay increase, above the rate of inflation. nurses working in accident & emergency and critical care would be exempted from striking to maintain services. the government said nurses should "carefully consider" the impact on patients. and as our health editor hugh pym reports, other health workers could also soon be staging industrial action. possible strike action is already looming in parts of the nhs in scotland.

members of two unions, including ambulance staff, have voted for walk—outs. gmb members have voted to reject that pay offer, so we are making plans for over 4,000 gmb members across the nhs and the ambulance service to take action, possibly this side of christmas. so we are urging the cabinet minister to come back to table with a vastly improved offer. pay rises lower than inflation over several years are reasons given by the royal college of nursing for the strength of feeling which led to the ballot of their members. detailed results of the voting will be announced within days. there have been a series of ballots among rcn members at individual workplaces. the general secretary says the signs are that across the uk, members have spoken clearly in favour of strike action.

the rcn said any strikes would affect planned nhs treatment and appointments, but not emergency care. in england and wales there have been pay awards of £1,400 the year. the scottish government has offered 2200. there has been no formal offer in northern ireland. the department of health for england said recommendations of pay review body have been followed, and unions should think hard before taking action that might affect patients. as the cop27 climate conference begins, let's take a look at how the uk is performing in its efforts reduce greenhouse—gas emissions to net zero by 2050. 0n power generation, the uk's been relatively successful. emissions have fallen by almost three—quarters since 1990. but the uk climate change committee say a "clearer strategy" is needed if all of the uk's electricity is to come from clean sources by 2035. the use of coal has also fallen

sharply, and the uk remains a world leader in the offshore wind sector. but the country needs better energy storage for times when the wind doesn't blow. housing still accounts for about 14% of the uk's greenhouse gas emissions, mostly because of gas boiler heating systems and poor insulation. in fact, the uk has some of the least energy—efficient homes in europe, and installations of insulation "are too slow", according to the climate change committee. they also say that emissions from agriculture need to be cut by 30% by 2035, which would require eating 20% less meat and dairy and massively cutting down on food waste. finally, hydrogen, which is a low—carbon fuel that could be used for transport, heating and power generation. the government wants to have a capacity of 5 gigawatt of hydrogen production by 2030, but admits that a "rapid and significant" scale—up is needed. earlier we spoke to ani dasgupta, the president and ceo of world resources institute, and professor michaeljacobs, a former climate adviser to former uk prime minister gordon brown who has been attending cop as a participant and observer

for the past 15 years. i think today was the first day. as far as we could see, it was a great start on the topics of loss and damage. it has been a topic actually for 30 years ago at poorer countries asking richer countries for funds to cover loss and damage, things that cannot be adapted to, like sea level rise or land that you can't grow crops on any more, or houses that have been flooded away. so today was the first step of the process. the idea was that it would be included in the formal agenda, and was, which is a big positive step. that is not the end of it. there are two other steps that need to be taken stop the details on that, which would be first what mechanism will be chosen to get funds fastest to the people who need it, and the deadline. by when will this be decided? so for a first day, good and positive, but

lots more to come in the next few weeks. professor michaeljacobs and we take and how it is starting and how hopeful are you? well, it is a very difficult conference. last year, i cop26 in glasgow. — conference. last year, i cop26 in glasgow, countries acknowledge they were not— glasgow, countries acknowledge they were not doing enough to cut emissions globally. many countries have brought forward new commitments of their— have brought forward new commitments of their own. _ have brought forward new commitments of their own, but when they were added _ of their own, but when they were added up — of their own, but when they were added up collectively, they didn't added up collectively, they didn't add up _ added up collectively, they didn't add up to— added up collectively, they didn't add up to anything like what scientists tell us as necessary to halt global warming at around 1.5 celsids— halt global warming at around 1.5 celsius above preindustrial levels. that huge — celsius above preindustrial levels. that huge global failure to do what is needed — that huge global failure to do what is needed to stop the worst ravages of climate _ is needed to stop the worst ravages of climate change was dealt with last year— of climate change was dealt with last year by country saying, we will come _ last year by country saying, we will come back— last year by country saying, we will come back next year with stronger commitments. and they haven't done so. commitments. and they haven't done so onty— commitments. and they haven't done so 0niy one — commitments. and they haven't done so. only one country, australia, has come _ so. only one country, australia, has come back— so. only one country, australia, has come back this year with a stronger commitment. we know why. this has

been _ commitment. we know why. this has been a _ commitment. we know why. this has been a terrible year for countries to focus— been a terrible year for countries to focus on— been a terrible year for countries to focus on climate change when there _ to focus on climate change when there has— to focus on climate change when there has been the war in and energy prices _ there has been the war in and energy prices and _ there has been the war in and energy prices and food prices have risen, inflation — prices and food prices have risen, inflation and the cost of living crisis — inflation and the cost of living crisis so — inflation and the cost of living crisis so on. nevertheless, the climate — crisis so on. nevertheless, the climate doesn't wait in any of that, we are _ climate doesn't wait in any of that, we are still— climate doesn't wait in any of that, we are still no further forward from last year _ we are still no further forward from last year. we still have a big omission— last year. we still have a big omission gap, that the major problem that needs _ omission gap, that the major problem that needs to be addressed this week, _ that needs to be addressed this week, they probably won't be, i'm afraid _ afraid. you were in afraid. — you were in government under afraid. _ you were in government under gordon brown. doesn't ukraine and the pandemic show that when governments around the world need to act in a crisis short term, they really can? we have seen massive policy changes, sacrifice. the uk is basically paying for its support of ukraine, which is a choice by government, and yet we are not seeing that urgency at all with climate change, are we? that is just a fact. that is just a fact. that is just a fact. that is a fact, and climate change has been — that is a fact, and climate change has been declared an emergency by the british— has been declared an emergency by the british parliament, but we haven't— the british parliament, but we haven't reacted as if it were an emergency. you are quite right.

governments are seeing at cop, we don't _ governments are seeing at cop, we don't have _ governments are seeing at cop, we don't have enough money to help developing countries, which we promise — developing countries, which we promise to do a long time ago. we have _ promise to do a long time ago. we have not— promise to do a long time ago. we have not raised enough money for that _ have not raised enough money for that and — have not raised enough money for that. and yet when the ukraine crisis _ that. and yet when the ukraine crisis hit. — that. and yet when the ukraine crisis hit, defence spending was unlimited — crisis hit, defence spending was unlimited. the western countries are supporting _ unlimited. the western countries are supporting ukraine, rightly, with unlimited — supporting ukraine, rightly, with unlimited sources of money, and treasuries — unlimited sources of money, and treasuries are not saying, we don't have _ treasuries are not saying, we don't have the _ treasuries are not saying, we don't have the money. but we do not do that climate change, and it's partly because _ that climate change, and it's partly because climate change is kind of a continuous — because climate change is kind of a continuous issue, not a crisis which emerges— continuous issue, not a crisis which emerges on— continuous issue, not a crisis which emerges on a particular day or month — emerges on a particular day or month. but it does indicate that politicians do not take this as seriously _ politicians do not take this as seriously. we are people who i've seen _ seriously. we are people who i've seen at _ seriously. we are people who i've seen atjust— seriously. we are people who i've seen at just how bad seriously. we are people who i've seen atjust how bad this is going to be, _ seen atjust how bad this is going to be, and — seen atjust how bad this is going to be, and we want politicians to see that — see that. the whole question of how that. — the whole question of how it is being framed, rich countries giving to poor countries, is extremely simplistic. obviously developed countries have developed and there is a cost to the climate as a

result, and the poorer nations are saying, we are not prepared to hold back our growth in the same way, and of course, poorer populations are already suffering more acutely. do you have any faith that the money will be delivered where it is most urgently needed after this conference? i think money has to be delivered. the 3.3 billion people impacted by climate change right now as we speak, and it is the poorer countries, the most vulnerable people, getting impacted by it. so there is discussion of finance, and it's imperative this is to be solved. michael is absolutely right. when we have the pandemic, it is not precedented, the richest countries put together $15 trillion to protect populations from the ravages of pandemic. sojust

populations from the ravages of pandemic. so just a year before, unprecedented, governments and businesses work together to put together the vaccine. a similar kind of passion and crisis mode needs to happen. the money needs to come, because in fact, this was a bumper year, so to speak, of climate —related disasters across the world. the ipcc says by the end of this decade, that costjust of climate change physical impact, not emotional, will be half $1 trillion, which today is more than all the transfers that take place in development on mdbs. so the scale of the crisis will soon be beyond manageable. so, yes, ithink the money has to come. i agree with michael. it doesn't seem to me that finances will be sorted out at this cop. i do at least feel encouraged that the first step, loss and damage, has been taken. ahmi that the first step, loss and damage, has been taken. ani dasgupta and professor — damage, has been taken. ani dasgupta and professor michael _ damage, has been taken. ani dasgupta and professor michaeljacobs _ and professor michaeljacobs speaking to me earlier.

the liberal democrat leader sir ed davey has called for a general election, saying the conservatives have unleashed chaos on the economy. and he proposed a plan for cash grants to help homeowners badly affected by rising interest rates. sir ed was making the keynote speech following the cancellation of the lib dem party conference in the wake of the queen's death. 0ur political correspondent jonathan blake has more. sir ed davey leads a party with only a small showing at westminster, trying to punch above its political weight. boosted by recent by—election wins, he came to rally liberal democrats in london today, and attacked the conservative government for the damage he said they had done. never again can the conservatives claim to be the party of homeowners. never again can they claim to be the party of business. never again can the conservatives claim to be the party that balances the books. the conservatives are the party of chaos! applause

homeowners were paying a penalty after the mini—budget, he said, and called for those struggling with their mortgage to get financial support. i'm proposing a new mortgage protection fund, to cover the extra cost for those families seeing their payments rise most sharply. to protect them from falling into serious arrears, or even facing repossession. sir ed turned his fire on the new prime minister and again called for voters to have their say. rishi sunak, your government does not have a shred of credibility left. it does not have a shred of legitimacy left. and if you had a shred of integrity left, you would call a general election now. applause for a party sensing opportunity, that can't come soon enough. frankly, the people out there are demanding a general election. they deserve a general election. morale is riding high, _ especially after our three fantastic by—election wins recently. sir ed davey stepped up his attacks on the conservatives in this speech, arguing the lib dems are best placed to beat them in certain areas.

but the early general election he is calling for looks unlikely, so he and his party still face a fight to make themselves heard. seven years after their coalition with the conservatives ended, the lib dems hope they return to prominence, if not the lib dems hope a return to prominence, if not power, isn't far away. jonathan blake, bbc news, westminster. now on bbc news, the weather with stav. hello there. low pressure which has been with us over the weekend will been with us over the weekend will be hanging around into the start of this new week, so monday and tuesday look and saddled with rain and gales at times followed by a bus and spells. mid—weight, high pressure building on over the continent settle things down. it turns dry and all areas very mild, with air from the south. low pressure still with us. through tonight, it stays unsettled. windy, with winds picking up unsettled. windy, with winds picking up across western and southern areas, pushing showers or longer spells of rain northwards, some quite heavy across the northern

isles in southern scotland, wales and north west england. with the cloud and also the wind, temperatures no lower than 7—11. for monday, i think a windy day in store especially for cat microchannel and irish sea coast, where we might see gales. fairly cloudy, with showers and longer spells of rain pushing upwards. limited brightness. best of the brightness in northern scotland and eastern england at times. wednesbury blustery, very windy around the southern coast, but mild for the time of year, mid—teens for many, even up to 14 or so through the central belt of scotland. and then through monday night a band of rain and gales spreads across the country. i think by tuesday morning i should be out of the way in the north sea, and then it is a blustery day once again for tuesday. scattered showers and lungs there were spells of rain, some of them heavy, some of the best sunny spells towards eastern areas. temperatures may be 15—16, well above the

seasonal norm in the south, low teens across scotland. this area of low pressure begins to migrate northwards, sitting to the north of scotland on wednesday. isobars will open out, so a breezy day for wednesday, not as windy. spells of sunshine through central areas, fewer showers further south, most affecting scotland, closer to the area of low pressure. here, 12 degrees, the rest, 13—15. big changes into thursday. high pressure building over the near continent, forcing those low pressure system away in the atlantic, and we will also draw airfrom a long away in the atlantic, and we will also draw air from a long way south from the azores. so very mild thursday and friday. it remains quite windy and there will be quite a lot of cloud around. brightness will be limited, but very mild for the time of year.

this is bbc world news. the headlines: the united nations�* annual climate change summit has begun in egypt, with a warning that a year of extreme weather must be a wake—up call for the planet. downing street says the prime minister believes "abusive" text messages sent by the cabinet minister gavin williamson were "unacceptable". at least 19 people have died after a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania while attempting to land in stormy weather. and with the us midterm elections just days away, president biden and donald trump continue on the campaign trail

in the push to win crucial votes.