a dire warning for the future of the planet — as the un's annual climate change summit gets under way in egypt, research suggests the last eight years could be the hottest on record. we must answer the planet's distress signal through action and credible climate action. at least 19 people have died after a passenger plane crashes into lake victoria in tanzania during stormy weather. devastation in the ukrainian city of mariupol — where an estimated 25 thousand people were killed during a russian bombardment — we have a special report. and — with the us midterm elections just days away,

president biden and donald trump continue on the campaign trail, in the push to win crucial votes. more than 100 world leaders are gathering for the annual un climate change summit — cop27 — in egypt. and it's begun with dire warnings about the state of the planet. extreme temperatures, wildfires, drought and flooding have all been made worse by the last eight years being the hottest on record, according to the world meterological organization. our climate editor, justin rowlatt, has the latest from the conference in sharm el—sheikh. cyclones ripped through madagascar earlier this year. floods displaced more thani million people

in nigeria last month, while another year of low rainfall pushed parts of somalia and elsewhere in east africa even closer to famine. our planet is sending a distress signal, the un conference in egypt was warned. the last eight years have been the warmest on record, making every heatwave more intense and life—threatening, especially for vulnerable populations. sea levels are rising at twice the speed of the �*90s, posing an existential threat to low—level islands states and threatening billions of people in coastal regions. representatives of more than 200 nations are attending the talks. it is essential progress is made, they were told. whilst i do understand that leaders around the world have faced competing priorities this year, we must be clear. as challenging as our current moment is, in action is myopic and can only

defer climate catastrophe. but expect heated negotiations. egypt says the rich world needs to come good on its promises of cash to help developing countries cut carbon, and adapt to our changing climate. and there will be demands for money to help vulnerable nations with the climate—related impacts they are already experiencing. the fear is the talks could be deadlocked. the ukraine war has driven up food and energy prices worldwide. developed nations are expected to say they don't have cash to spare. many times we have been given commitments and promises, but we haven't been given action. and, of course, a promise that is broken, it kind of destroys the trust

that we have in our leaders. you don't have to go far from the coast here in egypt to find vivid evidence of what's at stake. the red sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world. but coral is incredibly vulnerable to climate change. scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner. justin rowlatt bbc news, egypt. brian kahn is climate editor at protocol and lecturer at columbia university's climate school. he joins us now from new york. what do you see as the main challenges at cop 27? the big challenges. — challenges at cop 27? the big challenges, this _ challenges at cop 27? the big challenges, this is _ challenges at cop 27? the big

challenges, this is going - challenges at cop 27? the big challenges, this is going to i challenges at cop 27? the big | challenges, this is going to be a cop that is going to be about loss and damage, developing countries as in developed countries as in developed countries to pay for the climate damages like those you just talked about. the developed world has spent the past few centuries using atmosphere as a free waste for carbon dioxide and other damage being caused by that in developing countries are serving the bill and that is why are the biggest fight is going to be. but maggie cecil b hone the agenda but this is nothing new. there was an agreement made at the cobain hagan summit in 2009. why is it taken long? is this year going to see any actual breakthrough? it seems every year we make incremental progress. we are at the point where countries are going to talk about co—operation, not italy compensation. that is the nature of these climate talks was of a bunch of countries moving an incremental basis i don't imagine we're going a huge flow of cash that is going to back—up damage. i will say

that this is the way these talks work. little steps here and there. is that enough, it is absolutely not enough. at this point the world is that crisis stage. it is a guess and thing rather than waiting and talking about it.— thing rather than waiting and talking about it. there are the countries _ talking about it. there are the countries which _ talking about it. there are the countries which are _ talking about it. there are the countries which are suffering i countries which are suffering the loss and damage and then there are countries that can help out financially. you are the kind of key players in this and who should we be keeping an eye on. and who should we be keeping an e e on. ,, , ., ., eye on. the us is one of the key players. _ eye on. the us is one of the key players. the _ eye on. the us is one of the key players, the uk, - eye on. the us is one of the key players, the uk, the - key players, the uk, the countries with the money and have historically put most of the missions in the atmosphere the missions in the atmosphere the ones with the most money to spend than the ones that people come to. in terms of the countries i cling on the other side, each ship is the host is going to make a strong push for this. was he strong states as well given that the reefs protecting them at dying off and they are seeing damage from cyclones and other things as well so i imagine they have a strong moral standing and they have typically been the moral

centre of these meetings in the past and i centre of these meetings in the pastand i imagine centre of these meetings in the past and i imagine we'll see a similar role this time as well. climate change is a globally important topic that you are talking about asking countries to give up money than we are in the middle of a cost of living crisis. there is a war in europe's borders. are we expecting world leaders open up their proverbial wallets? has? their proverbial wallets? now is certainly — their proverbial wallets? now is certainly the _ their proverbial wallets? now is certainly the time - their proverbial wallets? time" is certainly the time when people are making arguments that money is better spent at home rather than being sent abroad so i don't imagine we're going to see money and while it's been opened up but i will say that last year, the meeting in glasgow, scotland made a landmark commitment of £2 million which is sort of a moral statement, million which is sort of a moralstatement, not moral statement, not necessarily a moralstatement, not necessarily a big statement of money, to loss and damage but open up the cover is a little bit and we've or take committed to loss and damage. how they apply, who gets it, that is to be determined but there are these little steps and there is an opening there. with what is going on with the energy crisis

it's going to be very hard for developing countries to get developed countries to take this seriously given all the problems at home right now. thank you very much for your insights. i appreciate it. nineteen people have been confirmed killed after a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania while attempting to land in stormy weather. authorities say more than 20 people managed to survive the crash and have been taken to hospital. tom brada reports. huddled on the wings of the sinking plane. these are the survivors of a crash that plunged more than a0 people into the waters of africa's largest lake. disbelieving crowds gathered around the shoreline offering help and local fishermen ferried survivors back and forth to dry land. despite their efforts, many of the passengers were unable to be saved. translation: people managed to open the emergency door. i as you would try and rescue people, the water would search in and in the end, i was able

to rescue seven people. the passenger plane took off from tanzania's capital in the east. it was heading for a city on the shores of lake victoria plummeted out of the skyjust a short distance from its destination. one of the survivors told the that there was heavy turbulence, we later found ourselves in the lake. water then entered the plane and those sitting near the front were covered by it. tanzania's prime minister went to visit the crash site and said those who have been rescued are in the hospital and not seriously injured. now, efforts are focused on developing a full picture of what happen. precision air, is one of tanzania's largest private airline, the company made for some uncomfortable questions as the full investigation comes under way.

ukraine's president zelensky says russia is readying its forces for a large scale attack on his country's infrastructure. in his latest video address, mr zelensky said he believed moscow's forces would focus on ukraine's energy sector first. it comes as the mayor of the ukrainian capital, kyiv, has asked residents to make preparations to leave in case there's a total collapse of power supplies. vitaly klitschko accused russia of doing everything possible to deprive the city of heat, electricity and water. translation: putin doesn't need us ukrainians. - he needs territory. he needs ukraine without us and that is why everything that is happening now is genocide. his task is for us to die, to freeze or to make us flee our land so that he can have it. i also want to urge to give residents to the southern ukrainian city

of mariupol has been left in ruins after being subjected to fierce russian bombardment early in the invasion. the city was besieged by russian forces — and ukrainian officials now estimate at least 25 thousand people were killed there. our correspondent hilary andersson has been speaking to survivors from the city for bbc panorama. they give vivid and distressing testimony. and a warning that hilary's report contains references to suicide, and you may find some of it distressing. artem has seen what no child should. he was in mariupol�*s theatre when it was bombed. his two—year—old sister nastia had to be dug out of the rubble. how do you grasp horror when you're six? mariupol, once a golden city, was left devastated after a massive bombardment.

all spring, the city was besieged, cut off from the world. we have spent six months speaking to people who lived through it. entire blocks of flats were turned into infernos. around 90% of the buildings destroyed in mariupol were homes. ukrainian officials estimate 5,000 to 7,000 people were crushed beneath the rubble. olga was an accountant before the war, married to valeriy. she loved to dance. one night in march, she was sleeping in her cellar, valeriy and her parents were upstairs, when their house was hit.

as it got light, olga was still trapped and alone. finally, after eight hours under the rubble of her house, she was pulled out by a cable attached to her leg.

olga was the only survivor of that night. from more than two months, each day brought terror — forwomen, children, even pregnant mothers. this was mariupol�*s maternity hospital. and this photo one of the most disturbing images of the war. her name was irena. she was a local clothes shop manager, due to give birth in three days' time. oxana at a nearby hospital tried to save her life.

more people were killed here than in any other european city since world war two. these are their graves. artem lost his granny.

hilary andersson, bbc news. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: leading democrats and republicans step up their campaigning — with less than 48 hours until the us mid—term elections. the bombastic establishment outsid donald trump has erdefied the pollsters to take the keys to the oval office. i voted for him because i generally feel he cares about the country stop with keeping the candidate's name always in the public eye that counts. success or failure depends not only on public display but on the local campaign headquarters, and the heavy routine work of their women volunteers. berliners in both east- and west and danced around liberated territory. and with no way to.

stop them, it wasn't long before the first attempts were made to destroy the - structure itself. yasser arafat, who dominated the palestinian causes died, the palestinian authority has declared a state of mourning. after 17 years of discussion, with the result was greeted with an outburst ofjoy — women ministers who foot for only grudgingly accepted among the ranks of clergy suddenly felt welcomed. this is bbc world news, the latest headlines. dire warnings for the future of the planet — as the un's annual climate change summit, gets under way in egypt. research suggests the last eight years could have been the hottest on record. at least 19 people have died — after a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania, while attempting to land in stormy weather. us political leaders have been

hitting the campaign trail in the final hours before crucial midterm elections. the polls will determine who controls congress for the next two years , and they'll almost certainly set the agenda for the next presidential contest in 202a. donald trump and joe biden have both been lending their weight to their chosen candidates' rallies over the weekend, with separate rallies in the key battleground state of pennsylvania. former president donald trump has been in miami, supporting republican senator marco rubio. he called on electoral reform suggesting this would stop elections being �*rigged'. and everywhere, the republican party has the chance, we must pass critical election integrity reforms, including universal voter id, citizenship confirmation. they don't want that because they are my people to know that they don't happen to live in our country. no more fake drop boxes, no private money pouring into local election offices. and ultimately, we need very simply same—day voting with only paper ballots. that is all we need.

we are just two days away from those important midterm elections in american history and we need a landslide so big that the radical left cannot rig it or steal it. lawrence douglas is a professor of law at amherst college, massachusetts, and author of �*will he go? trump and the looming election meltdown in 2020' — he joins us now from sunderland, massachusetts. thank you very much for being with us. what is your prediction for tuesday? at the democrats going to see control slipping through their fingers? we should bear in mind it was very often the case that the party of the president takes something of a beating at the midterm election and that has kind of been a pretty standard feature of recent elections.

and, you know, if we trust the polls, which we can necessarily always do, it does look like the democrats are pretty certain to lose the house of representatives and then with regard to the senate things are really too close to call. it seems possible they would lose the senate also but certainly their control of the house seems in jeopardy.- their control of the house seems in jeopardy. you said traditionally _ seems in jeopardy. you said traditionally the _ seems in jeopardy. you said traditionally the party - seems in jeopardy. you said traditionally the party of - seems in jeopardy. you said traditionally the party of the president loses in the midterms. there are a couple of issues at stake. the issues themselves than the personalities and when it comes to personality the fact is that president biden and his vice president biden and his vice president are not really that popular, are they?— president are not really that popular, are they? they are not that penular- — popular, are they? they are not that popular. in _ popular, are they? they are not that popular. in some _ popular, are they? they are not that popular. in some sense, i that popular. in some sense, unfairly so. obviously, the issue right now on the minds of voters is inflation and it is very hard to get in front of a crowd and say, well, we have done a lot to basically make

sure that our economy did not collapse in the wake of the pandemic. our employment numbers are actually very, very good and, if it were not for some of the policies we have embarked upon our economy would probably be a lot worse shape thanit probably be a lot worse shape than it is, it is a hard message to sell. and so i think biden is unfortunately, he is the victim of an inflation that usually not responsible for and it would be worse if it were not for some of the policies that he has pursued. this not for some of the policies that he has pursued. as well as the economy — that he has pursued. as well as the economy there _ that he has pursued. as well as the economy there are - that he has pursued. as well as the economy there are various | the economy there are various other factors at play, the domestic issues like the overturning of roe v wade. what is likely to get people out to the voting booth on tuesday. the biggest thing is probably the economy and inflation. one of the things we have seen recently, was seen by the remarkable and dispiriting poll that which indicated that over 70% of americans believe that american democracy is

threatened and yet only about 7% said that they really considered that at the forefront of their mind when it comes to casting a ballot and even found a very substantial number of republicans and even a certain number of democrats who said that they would be willing to vote for someone who has engaged in election denial which, of course, sets up a very dangerous precedent especially if we just look at two years into the future, to 2024. ., ., , . ., 2024. on that topic, former president — 2024. on that topic, former president trump _ 2024. on that topic, former president trump is - 2024. on that topic, former president trump is dangled | 2024. on that topic, former - president trump is dangled that character running again. what is that doing for the momentum on the republican campaign trail? it on the republican campaign trail? . . , , on the republican campaign trail? . ., i, trail? it certainly is the case that it seems _ trail? it certainly is the case that it seems rather - that it seems rather unbelievable but it is certainly the case that the republican party remains strong's party. that we might have thought that afterjanuary six that would have been fatal to his control of the party. he's been able to both rebound

and consolidate his control and so, you know, you find something on the border, this is notjust congress but smaller offices, something on the line of 370 republican candidates are basically election deniers. some of them fiercely so and some of them just kind of cast doubt on the result of 2020 but it is kind of remarkable the degree to which this can have semi—authoritarian populism remains absolutely dominant within the republican party. will have to leave it there. thank you very much. the italian government has been accused of breaching international maritime law by preventing migrants from leaving two rescue ships docked in sicily. only children and people in need of emergency assistance have been allowed to come ashore. almost a thousand people aboard several vessels have been at sea off italy for more than a week. stephanie prentice

joins me now. the situation can probably be best described as a stand—off at this stage. as you said, we've got large vessels the coast of italy with migrants stranded on board. there are said to be around 1000 people just waiting on these ships and the charities running around trying to get them to dark and disembarked but as you said, only one vessel so far as be allowed to dock. we know people were allowed to get off. only children people needing emergency medical assistance. they thought 35 may have got nowhere to go at the minute. these are said to be made up of people found out at sea by the charities and these are vulnerable people and i know said to be slipping on the decks, slipping in the open

air, having to share food and medical resources which the charities say are just running out. they say some of them have been on—board for around two weeks and they are not in a good way and there is tension between them. now, the route from north africa to italy is a common gateway to europe. we also know italy's new prime minister kept the issue of migration at the centre of her rhetoric when campaigning. this really has been seen as the first major test for her party and what she is going to do here is what she said, she said she does not intend to question the rights of those fleeing wars and persecution. that is pertinent here because some of the people here are said to be fleeing persecution in libya but she is also said recently responsibility for migrants lies with the country where the ship is registered. otherwise, in her words, these are pirate ships. in her words, these are pirate shis. ., , . ~ ships. you very much. we will keep our— ships. you very much. we will keep our eyes _ ships. you very much. we will keep our eyes on _ ships. you very much. we will keep our eyes on that. - we will keep our eyes on that. (pres)the us powerballjackpot has risen to $1.9 billion after no winner emerged

after saturday's world—record draw. the premier lottery game has had no winner in more than three months after 39 consecutive drawings. powerball says the odds of winning the jackpot in monday's draw are one—in—292.2 million. you can reach me on twitter — i'm @richpreston hello. river flows across the uk have been responding to the much—needed rainfall we have had this week. for some, though, it has been a bit too much all at once. in kent and sussex in particular where only six days into the month, we have already had double the normal november rainfall in a few spots. that will help to top the reservoirs up, it will take a little bit longer, but more rain to come, some heavy showers across the south—east through the night and into the morning, and then the rest of the week with low pressure dominating to the west. for monday, though, it is throwing weather fronts and plenty of moisture our our way in terms of cloud. cloud and outbreaks of rain across most parts of the uk through monday will come and go. most persistent through

the cumbrian fails, dumfries and galloway, and across snowdonia. there will be some brighter spells towards southern england and northern parts of scotland, especially. but even though we have got excessive amounts of cloud, the winds coming from the south—west, temperatures above where we should be at this stage in november, 12 to 15 degrees. those wind strengthened through the evening, a spell of squally rain will keep some of you awake monday night into tuesday, wind gusts through monday night could be around 40, 50, maybe 60 miles an hour at times before that band of heavy rain gradually clears towards the east. and then it puts us into a straightforward mixture of sunshine and showers, and the temperature stays on that mild side. this is how we start tuesday, ten to 13 degrees. just to give you a bit of context, this is where we should be by day at this time of the year. this is the chart for tuesday, low—pressure to the north—west, around it we will see plenty of bands of showers pushing their way in but compared with monday, that will be more sunshine, so sunshine, showers, sunshine, showers, it will be one of those ever—changing days. staying dry for longest if not completely dry in parts of northern scotland and some in eastern england, again, temperatures above where we should be for this stage in the year. wednesday, the winds shift a little bit to more of a westerly direction.

so, early showers around the english channel will fade and some south—eastern areas will get through the day largely dry, if not completely dry, showers more frequent in parts of scotland, northern ireland and north—west england. a touch fresher on wednesday but through wednesday night into thursday, the next deep load for the north atlantic starts to drag up ahead of these weather fronts some very mild air all the way from the mid—atla ntic. that will bring warmer conditions any time of year but this time of the year it will bring lots of cloud around. of rain and drizzle in the west but that cloud will start to break up later in the week with a bit more sunshine and temperatures still continuing to climb.

this is bbc news, the headlines. the head of the un has told the cop27 climate summit global warming is changing the world at a catastrophic pace. the annual meeting will discuss giving money to poorer countries to deal with climate—related losses and damage they've already suffered. the prime minister of tanzania has confirmed at least 19 people were killed when a passenger plane crashed into lake victoria in tanzania while attempting to land in stormy weather. authorities say more than 20 people survived the crash, and were taken to hospital. leading republicans and democrats in the united states are stepping up their campaign efforts ahead of tuesday's mid—term elections. president biden and donald trump have both addressed rallies in support of their chosen candidates.

about 40 million americans have already cast their ballots.