tonight at ten — the deepening hunger crisis in somalia, which is enduring its worst drought in a0 years. the united nations is warning 500,000 children under five are at risk of death by the middle of next year. we meet one family dealing with the direct impact of climate change. before this last drought, dahir and his family were doing 0k. they had fields and crops, they had six cows and some goats. they were middle—class farmers. suddenly, left destitute, bankrupted, by drought and by climate change. an international charity says the drought has led to the biggest movement of refugees into kenya in more than a decade.

also on the programme... the government signs a deal with france to try to stop migrants crossing the channel but there are doubts about whether it will work. ukrainian national anthem plays the ukrainian anthem plays in kherson as president zelensky visits the recaptured city for the first time. the population of the world is projected to reach the landmark figure of eight billion people. in london... hospitality workers call for more support for their restaurants, hotels, pubs and cafe is, amid soaring costs and staff shortages. we start tonight on the continuing hunger crisis in somalia,

which is enduring its worst drought in a0 years. the united nations is now warning that half a million children there under five are at risk of death by the middle of next year. the country urgently needs another billion dollars — nearly £850 million — in humanitarian aid. the president of somalia has just told the cop27 climate change conference that his country is facing a humanitarian crisis because of extreme weather. as the crisis deepens, our correspondent andrew harding has been reporting somalia's story for this programme. he has returned to the town of baidoa, at the heart of the crisis, and the story of one family devastated by the drought. a warning, there are some distressing images of the effects of malnutrition in his report. we're tearing through baidoa. 0ur guard is driving faster than on our last visit. the threat of ambushes by islamist

militants is growing here. suddenly, we stumble across a funeral, for a six—year—old boy who starved to death yesterday. 11 more children were buried here this week. but it is one particular family that has drawn us back to a desolate camp on the edge of town. fatouma is heating breakfast for her children. a cup of tea. they will eat late in the day. nice to see you again. we have returned to see how the family is coping. hi, dahir. this was dahir here six weeks ago, mourning his younger brother salat who died of hunger on the journey into baidoa. today, he's in good spirits. she's feeling hot? but his two sisters

are now struggling. they have suspected measles. perhaps pneumonia, too. the illnesses that seem to feast on hunger. and which lead so often to this. in a nearby hospital, this two—year—old looks like a burn victim. in fact, her body is reacting, painfully, to prolonged starvation. as on our visit last month, the ward here is still full of such cases. does it feel to you like the world is paying attention now to somalia? now we can say that the attention of the international community is on somalia, especially the droughts here. so you are getting more aid because of that? we are not getting enough, but we hope it will come soon. it's a desperate situation. back at the camp, 11—year—old dahir

is heading to school. he's bright, alert. 0ur presence may be part of that but around him — listless children and a chorus of coughing. the teacher tells us that most of his class struggle to attend or to focus. many here will be stunted for life. across the road a sudden crowd. a mood of near panic as frustrated mothers try to register for new food hand—outs, but there is not enough. it's overwhelming. we're not getting the resources on time with adequate amounts. you are only getting half what you need, is that right? that is exactly the picture, we are getting half of what we want. later in the day, fatouma hauls water home for her children. dahir is quick to help out.

"i'm getting by," she says, "but my children are not well. "i must work to make sure they survive." coughing somalia is struggling right now, but it is worth remembering that before this last drought, dahir and his family were doing 0k. they had fields and crops, six cows and some goats. they were middle class farmers. suddenly, left destitute, bankrupted, by drought, by climate change. inside their hut, the girls slump. do you worry about yoursisters, dahir? he says yes, he does. what do you worry about? we are straying here towards painful memories of dahir�*s brother. "i just want my sisters to get better."

he says it three times. coughing an exhausted fatouma joins her daughters on their blanket. 0ne family in a nation still overwhelmed by hunger. i think it is important to acknowledge the huge effort that is being made right now by international humanitarian organisations and the somali government and by the vast somali diaspora but the trouble is the help they are offering is simply not enough, we are in the theatre rainy season in succession that seems to be failing —— we are in the fifth rainy season. we are hearing about women being forced to trek for hundreds of kilometres across the wilderness to sleeve somalia altogether to search for food in neighbouring kenya —— to leave somalia altogether. we talk about the drought and climate change but there is also conflict and the war which has been raging for years which has been raging for years which is night now escalating and there is no hope of tackling hunger

here of that war does not come to an end. �* . ., ., end. andrew harding, thanks for “oininu end. andrew harding, thanks for joining us- _ the uk and france have reached a deal to try to reduce the number of migrants crossing the channel in small boats. it means uk borderforce officials will be able to observe their french counterparts in control rooms and on beaches. and the number of officers patrolling the french coast will rise by a0%, from 250 to 350, costing the uk government an additional £8 million a year, on top of the current deal costing 55 million. the number of migrants who have crossed the channel in small boats this year topped 40,000 at the weekend. that's a steep increase on the 28,000 who crossed last year. back in 2018, only 300 people made a similar crossing, when far more came in lorries. today's deal has been criticised by refugee agencies and by the conservative mp for dover.

the home secretary is describing it as "a step forward", rather than something that will fix the problem. our home editor, mark easton, reports from dover. around 2,000 migrants have arrived on the kent coast in the last few days, each individual brought ashore adding to the pressure on an already under fire home secretary to get a grip on what she describes as a migration crisis. as dover greeted migrant rescue boats, suella braverman was in paris for an early morning signing ceremony with her french counterpart. in her pocket, more money to pay more gendarmes to patrol the calais beaches and an agreement on closer cooperation. but hold on, sandhurst? that sign rings a bell. the sandhurst treaty was the uk—french security deal signed by prime minister theresa may and president emmanuel macron back in 2018. in fact, there have been quite a few deals, each promising to stop small boats leaving the channel coastline.

in 2018, the uk handed over £115 million for improved security in france. then the following year, 2019, they handed over 3 million. in 2020, it was 27 million. in 2021, 55 million, and now, another £63 million. so, will it make any difference? in order to solve the problem of illegal migration on the channel, we take a multi—dimensional approach. there's no single answer. there's no quick fix, there's no silver bullet. the hope is that embedding uk border force observers in the french control centre will make it easier to disrupt attempts to cross the channel, like this one filmed yesterday by a french fisherman. dover's mp, though, doesn't think the deal is good enough. well, i think this new french agreement unfortunately falls short of the type of action that we need to tackle the small boats crisis. it is an absolutely urgent situation. we do need to see those boats

stopped before they leave france. this morning's arrivals were loaded onto coaches for the 20—mile journey to the processing centre at manston. recently criticised by inspectors for wretched conditions, including overcrowding and disease, the home office wouldn't say whether the numbers at manston today remain within legal limits. this has been going on a very, very long time, and the home secretary has said that the asylum system is broken. she's right about that — they broke it. so, yes, this is a step in the right direction, but there's so much more that needs to be done. as things stand, the most effective tool to stop asylum seekers risking their lives to reach the uk is not gendarmes, night vision equipment, or embedded borderforce officers, it is the weather. if the seas remain calm enough for the smugglers to operate, thousands more will make the perilous journey. mark easton, bbc news, dover. let's go live to our correspondent lucy williamson who's in calais for us. is this deal as significant

for france as it is for the uk? i think more resources are always going to be welcome, more patrols and equipment, but everyone here is agreed that it won't be the whole solution because of the kind of geography that we are dealing with. the last time i was out on patrol here the commander said, thanks to the uk we have the drones to spot the uk we have the drones to spot the smugglers and we can get to them quickly over the sand dunes with vehicles but smugglers often hide their boats in inaccessible places, in tickets of really high thorny shrubs that tear their uniforms and tear through skin. and that does not make for a quick or stealthy approach. so there are lots of people here on the ground who are quite glad that the plan to have british officers here observing alongside them because they think it might make it easier to explain some of the challenges they face, and it is seen as a positive sign

politically, a sign of warming ties between paris and london. after a tense couple of years. but that is not to say there are not more cynical views as well and there was one official in calais who privately suggested to me today that having british officers here, evenjust suggested to me today that having british officers here, even just as observers, would make it much harder, he said, for the uk to point the finger of blame at france. lucy williamson, many thanks. the ukrainian president has been visiting the city of kherson, days after it was recaptured following the withdrawal of russian forces. addressing troops in the city's main square, volodomyr zelensky said step by step they are reclaming the country's invaded territories. by step they are reclaming the recapture of the city is a strategic setback for moscow because it was the only regional capital to fall into russian hands after it invaded ukraine in february. after it invaded 30,000 russian troops have retreated east of the city across the dnipro river where they are preparing postions they can more easily defend.

in kherson today, president zelensky praised the ukrainian army, saying it had done a greatjob and the country was moving forwards. 0ur correspondentjames waterhouse was there. after everything kherson�*s main square has seen, today was more than just a change in the wind. untiljust weeks ago, the sight of ukraine's leader here would have been difficult to imagine. this regional capital is back in its control. he was asked whether it was the beginning of the end of this war. we are going forward, we are ready for peace, but our peace for our country is all our country, all our territory.

we respect the law and respect sovereignty of all the countries, but now we are speaking about our country. an undeniable moment in this war — president zelenskyy appearing in the heart of kherson that was thought to be in firm russian control. he has described this as the beginning of the end of the war, and few people here will disagree with that. ukraine's leader knows there's a lot of fighting and negotiating before that point. for now, kherson feels like a city emerging from its own lockdown. 0ne place which didn't shut was this grocery shop, run by valentina and valentina. "we're not sure if it's better because we're just simple people," she says. "the most important thing is that we're still alive." so this is a russian

brand of wafer biscuit, and it's kind of a strange legacy of occupation, where valentina's shop is full of stock from russia. at one point, they were forced to accept the russian rouble, but no more. translation: they usually paid, i but they still carried weapons, l which was very scary. my knees were shaking from fear, but i had to keep working. it was so hard. even now, i want to cry. some russian traces are more obvious than others. this used to be the headquarters used by moscow—installed politicians. it's claimed to some people were tortured here if they didn't follow the rules. ukraine is desperate to achieve peace on its own terms. it is still the underdog, but what's got it this far is knowing what it's fighting for. james waterhouse, bbc news, kherson.

the director of the us foreign intelligence service, the cia, has been holding talks with his russian counterpart in turkey, in the first known high level face—to—face talks since russia invaded ukraine in february. i'm joined now by our security correspondent gordon corera. how should we interpret today's meeting, how significant is it? fart meeting, how significant is it? part ofthe meeting, how significant is it? part of the “ob meeting, how significant is it? part of the job of _ meeting, how significant is it? pat of the job of spite chiefs is to carry out clandestinely contacts. when i spoke to someone from the cia this evening they said they don't comment on directors travels but the russians first confirmed this meeting took place and said the americans called for it. the cia director is an important messenger, a former ambassador to russia, he was the person president biden sent to moscow to one russia of the consequences and risks so it is significant they met, particularly at this moment in the wake of the

fall of kherson to ukrainian forces because the question is how might russia respond? 0fficials because the question is how might russia respond? officials in washington are saying the cia director is not there to carry out any secret negotiations but it does look like he is there to signal a message to moscow about the risks of it responding by escalating further, by using a tactical nuclear weapon for example and signalling that would have serious consequences. part of his role at this moment is to act as a messenger and also to look for an insight into what must go's intentions might be. the us and chinese presidents have sought to downplay tensions between their countries after meeting face—to—face for the first time since joe biden took office. the leaders held talks on the indonesian island of bali ahead of the annual g20 summit and agreed common ground on a number of issues including opposition to the use of nuclear weapons. but they also clashed over the status of taiwan which china regards as part of its territory

with president xi warning president biden not to cross what he called a "red line". here's our north america editor, sarah smith. president biden looks eager to meet again with a man he always says he knows well. this is his first face—to—face with president xi as leaders of their nations, but they spent many hours together when they were both vice presidents. hence the relaxed body language and maybe even a cooperative mood, despite relations between their countries being at their worst for decades. there is much to discuss, from economy, trade and climate change, to human rights, the war in ukraine and of course taiwan. no wonder the meeting lasted for over three hours. as leaders of our two nations, we share responsibility in my view to show that china and the united states can manage our differences, prevent competition from becoming anything near conflict. they agreed, nuclear weapons must

not be used or even threatened by russia in ukraine. the biggest problem is taiwan. president xi called it the first redline america must not cross. the recent visit by the senior us politician nancy pelosi to the democratic self—governing island enraged beijing. china responded with military exercises around the island. president biden today warned his chinese counterpart against trying to change the island's status, but also told him the us has not changed its policy which acknowledges taiwan is part of china. after today's meeting, he says he does not think there will be an imminent attempt to invade taiwan. we are going to compete vigorously but i'm not looking for conflict, i'm looking to manage this competition responsibly. and i want to make sure, make sure every country abides by the international rules of the road. i absolutely believe there need not be a new cold war. there was never an expectation

of any binding deal is coming out of today's meeting. instead it was an attempt to lower the temperature, with each country setting out what it will not tolerate from the other in the hope of preventing disagreement turning into conflict and to try to avoid a new cold war. sarah smith, bbc news. on thursday the chancellor jeremy hunt will announce his autumn statement. he's warned that we will all be paying more tax and that some of the cuts required are eye—watering. tens of billions of pounds are set to be clawed back but exactly how to do that while trying to grow the economy at the same time isn't easy. 0ur economics editor, faisal islam is here. so what are some of the major issues facing the government? this is a very unusual chancellor's statement — a type of rescue budget after a massive energy shock. this is how big — in 2019, the uk as a whole — that's households, companies and government — spent about £40 billion on its energy bill.

this year it's up fourfold, so £190 billion. that increase is basically like having to fund another nhs. that cost can't be shouldered by households and it's the government'sjob is to share the pain around — pain the prime minister acknowledges has also been made worse by his predecessor. 0n the steps of downing street i said that mistakes had been made. a part of the reason that i became prime minister was to address them and what we've seen now is that stability has returned to the united kingdom, but that's because the expectation is that the government will make those difficult but necessary decisions. and those difficult decisions are likely to include significant spending cuts. take infrastructure investment — some, things like buildings, roads and railways — is set to be pushed back — a potentially easy way for the treasury to find savings and if cut back to closer to £50bn

a year rather than £70bn a year — that's many billions in savings while still leaving spending well above the average of the previous labour government for example. but the governments own infrastructure tsar told me that priorities such as levelling up were at risk from "flip flopping" over investment like this. it is very important for levelling up it is very important for levelling up and particularly in the midlands and north, and therefore i would hope that we will not see things like the integrated rail plan are being shelved or indeed hs2 because i think they can play a vital part in levelling up. then there's tax rises — of a sort. a significant widening of the net is expected. 0ver most of the past decade and a half the number of uk taxpayers has remained remarkably constant — around 31 million. within that the number paying the higher rate has been around 4 million. this has been by design — the result since 2010 of conservative policy to up

thresholds — the point at which each of these bands of tax start — significantly. but now that's in total reverse, with the new policy to freeze those bands for years, as a result the total number of taxpayers is heading for 35 million by 2026, and 36 million if extended again on thursday. meanwhile, the number of higher rate taxpayers could double to well over 8 million by 2028. the end result on thursday — lots more tax revenue from a much wider tax net of taxpayers. so tough decisions on spending and tax — some pushed into the future past 2025 — an acknowledgement of the balancing act between credibly making the numbers add up, and not worsening an immediate recession. ahead of thursday's autumn statement the prime minister is in bali at the g20 summit of world leaders. 0ur political editor chris mason is there.

this is a defining week for the prime minister. good morning from bali. a new day beginning here, the summit getting under way in a couple of hours and yes, it is a defining week for the prime minister because for all of his self—inflicted human resources grief of his early weeks in office, the whole business of hiring suella braverman as home secretary, gavin williamson, on the economic front, things have been relatively calm. the argument from the prime minister on the plane here was to say the reason it has been calm is because he has been talking about all of this bad news, this bad news budget, coming up on thursday. in other words to be seen as credible internationally on those internationally on those international financial markets there have to be those tough decisions on spending and tax but the reality of that, politically for him and millions of households, is

that things are going to be really, really tough. we have a further hint on the journey here that the government will protect the state pension, that it will continue to rise in line with inflation, with prices but beyond that, huge scope for grim headlines injust a couple of days. the government is aware of that, they are trying to prepare us for it. in many ways by the end of this week we will feel that it is the proper stop of rishi sunak as prime minister.— over the course of the week there will be lots more information on the autumn statement on the bbc website, including "tackling it together" which brings programmes, brands and experts together to offer help navigating the cost of living crisis. you can find out more at bbc.co.uk/news and by using the bbc news app. now a look at some other stories making the news today. the mother of a newborn baby allegedly murdered by a nurse,

has told a court she heard her son's cry and it was like nothing she'd heard before. the prosecution claims the mother walked into the hospital room in chester as the attack on her infant son was in progress. lucy letby denies murdering seven newborns and attempting to murder ten others. jules has announced it is calling in administrators after failing to secure emergency investment putting around 1600 jobs at risk. the company has around 130 high st shops, the founder says he hopes restructuring the business could enable the brand to survive on a smaller scale. the king celebrated his 74th birthday, his first as monarch. there were no public engagements planned but an official portrait has been released showing his majesty standing beside an ancient oak tree in windsor. the global population

is projected to hit a new all—time high tomorrow — reaching the landmark figure of 8 billion people, according to the united nations. the world's population has doubled in less than 50 years and is set to keep rising. 0ur medical editor fergus walsh has been examining the figures and what it means for us all. 0ur planet has never held so many people, as the era of huge population growth continues. back in 1800, there were around 1 billion people on earth and it took over a century for that to double. then it really took off in the 20th century, reaching 3 billion in 1960 and putting on nearly a billion each decade after that. it reached seven billion in 2011. we're now set to hit 8 billion people on the planet. so what about the future? the un projects they'll be 9 billion people by around 2037, and 10 billion by 2058. global population could peak

at around 10.4 billion in the 2080s and then plateau before declining in the next century. the united nations says more than half the projected population increase to 2050 will be in just eight countries, half of them are in sub saharan africa. indeed, the total population of this entire region is set to almost double to 2 billion by 2050. remember, it includes some of the world's least developed countries — many already experiencing food insecurity. india and china are the world's most populous countries. both are home to more than 1.4 billion people, but india will overtake china next year. china's population, along with scores of other countries, is set to fall sharply later this century. now that's because global fertility is declining dramatically. back in 1950, women gave birth, on average, to five children.

that has since more than halved to 2.3 births and it's set to fall even further. but there are so many people of child—bearing age now, that explains why the global population will keep rising for much of this century. another reason is we're living longer. average global life expectancy reached almost 73 years in 2019, up almost nine years since 1990. covid actually pushed it down by nearly two years but it's projected to keep rising. the world's population is also ageing. about one in ten people on the planet is now 65 or older. by 2050, it will be almost one in six. so that will put a greater burden on the young. 0ur growing population also puts increasing pressure on resources — food, water, energy, as well as infrastructure. huge issues for society, with lasting implications for our planet.