this is bbc news broadcasting to viewers in the uk and around the world. i'm samantha simmonds. the headlines. un climate talks are extended by another day, with leaders at deadlock over compensation for poorer countries being ravaged by climate change. qatar bans the sale of alcohol from its eight world cup stadiums, in a last—minute u—turn two days from kickoff. twitter reportedly asks engineers who write software to report to its offices by 2pm local, the company has been gutted by layoffs since elon musk took over. and the uk has entered a "new era" of higher taxes according to a leading economic think tank — which also claims middle earners are "set for a shock"

welcome to the programme. talks at the un climate summit in egypt hang in the balance after delegates were given an extra day to negotiate on funds for poorer countries being ravaged by the climate crisis. maldives — among those most affected by global warming — said the meeting was very close to a deal. however, a european union plan for a special fund for the most vulnerable nations hasn't got the backing of china and the us, who would be expected to contribute. here's our climate editorjustin rowlatt. tropical storms in the caribbean, trout in kenya. floods in pakistan. the science says these weather events are being made more severe by

climate change. so, who should pay for the loss and damage they cause? that is the question here in egypt. vulnerability should not become a death sentence and that is what is slowly becoming for countries that are in the front line of climate impacts that we did very little to create. we did not create global warming. create. we did not create global warminu. , ., create. we did not create global warminu. , . .,, warming. these talks developing countries have _ warming. these talks developing countries have insisted _ warming. these talks developing countries have insisted on - warming. these talks developing countries have insisted on a - countries have insisted on a dedicated fund for this loss and damage. developed countries said no, and late last night, the eu said it would agree but there were conditions. we need to reduce the amount of damage by reducing the emissions. we need a broader base of funding. we need _ need a broader base of funding. we need other— need a broader base of funding. we need other countries. ipe says it shouldn't— need other countries. ipe says it shouldn't be only wealthy countries that pay— shouldn't be only wealthy countries that pay and it does have a point. take _ that pay and it does have a point. take a _ that pay and it does have a point. take a look— that pay and it does have a point. take a look at how the emissions of the world biggest polluters have changed over the last four decades.

china has overtaken the us to become the worlds top polluter and look at this, india is now in third position. by china and india have said they are developing countries with huge populations and should not have to contribute. so, now there is a whole new set of issues under discussion. a whole new set of issues under discussion-— discussion. there is a lot to be fi . ured discussion. there is a lot to be figured out. — discussion. there is a lot to be figured out, we _ discussion. there is a lot to be figured out, we have _ discussion. there is a lot to be figured out, we have over - discussion. there is a lot to be figured out, we have over 200 i figured out, we have over 200 country— figured out, we have over 200 country stranded _ figured out, we have over 200 country stranded address - figured out, we have over 200 - country stranded address multiple items_ country stranded address multiple items of— country stranded address multiple items of the — country stranded address multiple items of the same _ country stranded address multiple items of the same time _ country stranded address multiple items of the same time and - country stranded address multiple items of the same time and it's i country stranded address multiple items of the same time and it's a i items of the same time and it's a difficult _ items of the same time and it's a difficult job, _ items of the same time and it's a difficult job, it — items of the same time and it's a difficultjob, it is _ items of the same time and it's a difficultjob, it is not _ items of the same time and it's a difficultjob, it is not easy. - items of the same time and it's a difficult job, it is not easy.- difficult “ob, it is not easy. these talks difficult job, it is not easy. these talks are disposed _ difficult job, it is not easy. these talks are disposed of _ difficult job, it is not easy. these talks are disposed of the - difficult job, it is not easy. these talks are disposed of the end - difficult job, it is not easy. these talks are disposed of the end of. talks are disposed of the end of this afternoon and now looks like they'll continue long into the night. i am nowjoined by deeana 00rgay vorsat a hungarian climate scientist and the director of the center for climate change and sustainable energy policy. thank you very much for being with us. i promise to fit more of the climate bill, has a raised fresh hopes of a bill, and of the spring

extended? the hopes of a bill, and of the spring extended?— hopes of a bill, and of the spring extended? . ., . , ., , , extended? the chances are the best in 30 ears extended? the chances are the best in 30 years of _ extended? the chances are the best in 30 years of climate _ extended? the chances are the best in 30 years of climate negotiations. | in 30 years of climate negotiations. since there have been similar developments in the last couple of years, the follows the we have heard in the impacts have become very severe and 1.2 degrees in global warming and extreme weather events have become extreme of extremes. in the citywide scale, droughts, and floods and strong storms. the second point is that today, the science has developed a lot and we are much more able to determine whether there certain events in just the able to determine whether there certain events injust the regular extremes because was in extreme weather events but it's much more likely by man—made climate change. and that helps in determining how

much is the responsibility of certain events of those countries which develop first.— certain events of those countries which develop first. also, what is really good _ which develop first. also, what is really good for — which develop first. also, what is really good for development - which develop first. also, what is| really good for development from this perspective is because the high prices which are very difficult most populations, many energy companies have made very large profits in which they would need to pay. and so, it would be considered, from then to use this, for example. nevertheless, these countries are going through an economic crisis and economic problems and based inflations and they're also having energy related problems. it is understandable _ energy related problems. it 3 understandable that they are hesitant that they need also have their own citizens and permit major sums to other countries. their own citizens and permit ma'or sums to other countriesi sums to other countries. given the existin: sums to other countries. given the existing infrastructure _ sums to other countries. given the existing infrastructure issues, - sums to other countries. given the existing infrastructure issues, it'sl existing infrastructure issues, it's a queenly difficult for certain parts of the country to excavate the

transition with current economic pressure that the whole world is facing? pressure that the whole world is facin: ? . , pressure that the whole world is facina? . , ., . pressure that the whole world is facin? ., , ., ., , facing? certainly, economic problems could jeopardise _ facing? certainly, economic problems could jeopardise the _ facing? certainly, economic problems could jeopardise the transition. - could jeopardise the transition. nevertheless, i also think that it's very important opportunity since first of all, as they have shown, for example, solar power, which is one of the energy forms has become the cheapest was energy all around the cheapest was energy all around the world and easily compete with traditional energy sources. also, when energy prices are high in the extremely high now, it is also much more affordable and much more logical to go into those energy efficiency investments in we have seen these in the past couple of decades. so, this definitely much more attractiveness of the energy transition and the investments. at the same time. we

transition and the investments. at the same time.— transition and the investments. at the same time. we are out of time. thank ou the same time. we are out of time. thank you very _ the same time. we are out of time. thank you very much _ the same time. we are out of time. thank you very much for _ the same time. we are out of time. thank you very much for your - thank you very much for your analysis on the situation in egypt there. alcohol will not be sold to fans attending eight stadiums at the world cup in qatar after fifa changed its policy just two days before the tournament is due to start. from qatar here's our sports editor dan roan. the qatar world cup had already been shifted to winter. today at the 11th hour, another unprecedented shift of the goalposts. having told fans that he would be available at a stadium in a country where alcohol sales are tightly controlled, local pressure led to an late u—turn put statement, fifa said... budweiser, which paid £63 million to sponsor the world cup, try to make light of the situation

in a now deleted tweet, but they could take legal action and this evening fans already here were unimpressed. i don't think it necessarily bodes well given they've had 12 years to think about these things and they are changing it so last—minute. in people will be more upset at the u—turn that not been i think people will be more upset at the u—turn that not been able to actually drink. 2a hours ago at a legacy event in doha the man responsible for delivering the world cup told me that all was on track. everything is ready, i the operational team is ready, everything - is going on and are talking about football beyond the stadiums, the players are here, _ the excitement for the world cup is coming along, we are always. talking about the world cup - being a platform to bring people together, a platform to push forward progress for change and so on. - this is what it is all about. but the u—turn today is the latest controversy to hit an event that was meant to be the perfect advert that is immensely rich gulf state with suspicion marring the build—up ever since it was rated

the build—up ever since it was voted for 12 years ago by fifa despite extreme summer heat and no footballing history with the house denying allegations of corruption. no matter how implausible it may seem to so many, the first world cup in the middle east has arrived. just as there has arisen from the desert over the last 30 years, no less dramatic has been the way that a host of new stadia and huge amounts of infrastructure have been built for this ground—breaking world cup, when that their hosts hope will elevate the status of their country. but it is the human cost of such colossal investment that has brought with it unprecedented levels of scrutiny. thousands of migrant workers have died in qatar since 2010 and, while organisers insist very few were due to working with stadium construction, campaigners say official data is not reliable and recent reforms don't go far enough today a vocal critic of the tournament told me how he felt about being here. there is this kind of queasy feeling about it at the moment. there are significant issues around this world cup, obviously, with human rights issues

with the building of the stadiums and workers' rights, and homophobia. so, i think it is tainted. and because of that and other human rights issues. currently players have had their say, also, with england and wales among a number of teams wearing armbands as part of a non—discrimination campaign in a country where being gay is illegal. i think any gay fans coming here would be safe but sadly, some of our fan groups, most of the members have decided not to come. that is their personal decision but we have repeatedly asked for assurances that gay fans would be safe here, and we understand they will be. you have had the assurances you need? right from the top of the country, yes. qatar wanted this world cup to cement its financial links with the west and has been stung by the criticism,

but others feel that football's show piece is about to be used. joining me now is alexandra. she is the founder of the anti—bribery nonprofit trace international, and a former member of fifa's independent governance committee, which was a temporary body with the goal of overseeing the creation of governance controls at fifa. what you make of the u—turn about selling of alcohol in the stadium? it is a violation of the terms of their agreement and the question whether they would've even won the bid back in 2010 if there was their position but an enormous sponsor and on the other hand, the country has shown contempt for lgbt rights, free speech, labour rights and now for contractual terms and perhaps it is not as surprising as all of that. what you think fief i have power to

which? i what you think fief i have power to which? ., �* ~' , what you think fief i have power to which? ., �* ~ , ., ., which? i don't think they have a choice. this _ which? i don't think they have a choice. this is _ which? i don't think they have a choice. this is a _ which? i don't think they have a choice. this is a sovereign - which? i don't think they have aj choice. this is a sovereign state and the one set is easier to host a world cup in a non—democracy and i think fifa may be finding that it's not the case. a democracy would honour contractual terms and rule of law. ., , honour contractual terms and rule of law. ., ., honour contractual terms and rule of law. that say about fifa going forward than? _ law. that say about fifa going forward than? going - law. that say about fifa going forward than? going forward l law. that say about fifa going i forward than? going forward and be ond? forward than? going forward and beyond? does — forward than? going forward and beyond? does this _ forward than? going forward and beyond? does this mean. - forward than? going forward and - beyond? does this mean. contractual agreements have been breached, if they have, what does that say for any contract going forward for the country. i think this will help them to turn away from the recent affection for autocracies hosting these massive events but we will see. there was a lot of self interest in the lead up to this election in russia and qatar were chosen at the same time and the whole thing is been shrouded in controversy and i'm not sure we have

seen the end of it.— controversy and i'm not sure we have seen the end of it. itweird we controversy and i'm not sure we have seen the end of it. itlusteird we are controversy and i'm not sure we have seen the end of it. weird we are two da s out seen the end of it. weird we are two days out and — seen the end of it. weird we are two days out and it's really _ days out and it's really unimaginable to those organise these events. ~ ., �* , ., ., events. what will budweiser have to bear now? they _ events. what will budweiser have to bear now? they have _ events. what will budweiser have to bear now? they have a _ events. what will budweiser have to bear now? they have a legal- events. what will budweiser have to bear now? they have a legal claim l bear now? they have a legal claim and they had _ bear now? they have a legal claim and they had an _ bear now? they have a legal claim and they had an agreement - bear now? they have a legal claim and they had an agreement and i bear now? they have a legal claim and they had an agreement and al and they had an agreement and a sponsorship has been violated and maybe this will do great things for them because this is going to get more coverage and it's unlikely and i cannot imagine this right now. there is still fear being sold in the stands. he can be sure that the executives will not be drinking blood zero —— beer. executives will not be drinking blood zero -- beer.— executives will not be drinking blood zero -- beer. ., ., , , blood zero -- beer. how embarrassing is this for fifa. _ blood zero -- beer. how embarrassing is this for fifa, do _ blood zero -- beer. how embarrassing is this for fifa, do you _ blood zero -- beer. how embarrassing is this for fifa, do you think? - blood zero -- beer. how embarrassing is this for fifa, do you think? this - is this for fifa, do you think? this shows that _ is this for fifa, do you think? this shows that they _ is this for fifa, do you think? this shows that they have _ is this for fifa, do you think? ti 3 shows that they have lost control of the situation, i think. they were

determined, that this was going to open up new markets in spite of the fact that it is a steaming tiny island state with no indigenous fan base. but this was going to open up brand new avenues for football fans and i do not think that is what we're seeing. i heara and i do not think that is what we're seeing. i hear a of people are staying away and the shift to winter is been really problematic and it is not that fans necessarily need a beer to watch a football game, although many enjoy that. it is the idea that qatar is calling the shots of the very latest points.— idea that qatar is calling the shots of the very latest points. thank you ve much of the very latest points. thank you very much for— of the very latest points. thank you very much for being _ of the very latest points. thank you very much for being with _ of the very latest points. thank you very much for being with us. - of the very latest points. thank you very much for being with us. still i very much for being with us. still to come. a special report on the journey to the site of the nordstrom explosions.

president kennedy was shot down and died almost immediately. the murder ofjohn kennedy is a shock to the world. the first of a new generation of leaders. ~ . . world. the first of a new generation of leaders. n, ., ., . world. the first of a new generation of leaders. a, ., ., . , of leaders. margaret thatcher is resi . nin . of leaders. margaret thatcher is resigning as _ of leaders. margaret thatcher is resigning as leader _ of leaders. margaret thatcher is resigning as leader of _ of leaders. margaret thatcher is resigning as leader of the - resigning as leader of the conservative party and prime minister before leaving number ten to see the queen, to see the cabinet it is a funny old world.— it is a funny old world. angela merkel is _ it is a funny old world. angela merkel is germany's - it is a funny old world. angela merkel is germany's first - it is a funny old world. angela i merkel is germany's first woman chancellor and easily securing the security— chancellor and easily securing the security she needed.— security she needed. attempts to flout hot air _ security she needed. attempts to flout hot air balloon _ security she needed. attempts to flout hot air balloon had - security she needed. attempts to flout hot air balloon had to - security she needed. attempts to flout hot air balloon had to be - flout hot air balloon had to be abandoned _ flout hot air balloon had to be abandoned but— flout hot air balloon had to be abandoned but nobody- flout hot air balloon had to be. abandoned but nobody seemed flout hot air balloon had to be - abandoned but nobody seemed to mind very much _ abandoned but nobody seemed to mind very much as — abandoned but nobody seemed to mind very much as one _ abandoned but nobody seemed to mind very much. as one local— abandoned but nobody seemed to mind very much. as one local comic- abandoned but nobody seemed to mind very much. as one local comic it, - abandoned but nobody seemed to mind very much. as one local comic it, it - very much. as one local comic it, it is not _ very much. as one local comic it, it is not hot _ very much. as one local comic it, it is not hot air— very much. as one local comic it, it is not hot air we _ very much. as one local comic it, it is not hot air we need, _ very much. as one local comic it, it is not hot air we need, but- very much. as one local comic it, it is not hot air we need, but hard - is not hot air we need, but hard cash _ is not hot air we need, but hard cash. ., , is not hot air we need, but hard cash. .,, .., is not hot air we need, but hard cash. cuba has declared nine days of mornin: cash. cuba has declared nine days of morning following _ cash. cuba has declared nine days of morning following the _ cash. cuba has declared nine days of morning following the death - cash. cuba has declared nine days of morning following the death of- cash. cuba has declared nine days of morning following the death of fidel| morning following the death of fidel castro at the age of 90, developing close ties of the soviet union in the 1960s and an alliance that is brought the world to the brink of

nuclear war with the cuban missile crisis. twitter reportedly asks engineers who write software to report to its offices by 2pm local, the company has been gutted by lay—offs since elon musk took over. the move comes after twitter told employees that the company's office buildings would be temporarily closed, effective immediately. there've been reports that large numbers of staff were quitting after new owner elon musk called on them to sign up for "long hours at high intensity" or leave. let's talk more about this with the tech journalist chris stokel—walker what you think is happening in the latest instalments of this twitter saga? i latest instalments of this twitter sa . a? ~ ., latest instalments of this twitter sara? ~ ., ~ latest instalments of this twitter sara? ~ ., , ., saga? i think elon musk is trying to net out saga? i think elon musk is trying to get out the — saga? i think elon musk is trying to get out the final— saga? i think elon musk is trying to get out the final opposition - saga? i think elon musk is trying to get out the final opposition and - get out the final opposition and it's been a long three and half weeks and it's only been three nf weeks, much as it may seem like it's been years. but he is facing an awful lot of opposition within twitter and he is trying, i think to reshape the platform in his own

image and to do that, he is to root out these people who do not like him is to be get in the most brutal and blunt way asking staff not just is to be get in the most brutal and blunt way asking staff notjust in the united states but worldwide to try to fly into the offices. i looked at flight times and that is just about possible in the next couple of hours but this is no real way to treat your employees, particularly when you're trying to get so much out of them and so little time. is get so much out of them and so little time-— little time. is a 'ust trying to call those _ little time. is a 'ust trying to call those who — little time. is a just trying to call those who are _ little time. is a just trying to call those who are not - little time. is a just trying to - call those who are not productive or effective though? twitter loses all whole lot of money and he's taken it over and surely, he has a responsibility to try and cut his losses and try to get to the company to make some money. he losses and try to get to the company to make some money.— losses and try to get to the company to make some money. he has tried to cut down on — to make some money. he has tried to cut down on many _ to make some money. he has tried to cut down on many bills _ to make some money. he has tried to cut down on many bills under - to make some money. he has tried to cut down on many bills under the - cut down on many bills under the staffing bills and this idea of infrastructure, $3 million a day in the cost and this idea of infrastructure, $3 million a day in the costume was to release but you are right, he is trying to make

money in other ways if doing that by scrapping the old business model that was advertised and trying to put it towards more subscription —based model but the risk with that is why would you pay for a platform thatis is why would you pay for a platform that is not hugely reliable. it dollars a month may not seem like a lot to a was one of the worlds which is, but for many of us, it's too much for a platform that we cannot guarantee will stay on mine tomorrow. guarantee will stay on mine tomorrow— guarantee will stay on mine tomorrow. �* , , ., ., tomorrow. he's never been one to ianore a tomorrow. he's never been one to ignore a trend — tomorrow. he's never been one to ignore a trend and _ tomorrow. he's never been one to ignore a trend and he _ tomorrow. he's never been one to ignore a trend and he has - tomorrow. he's never been one to l ignore a trend and he has retreated this. you know, he likes it sweet and he has got a sense of humour and he also asked to be the centre of attention, density? fine he also asked to be the centre of attention, density?— attention, density? one of the thins attention, density? one of the things that _ attention, density? one of the things that is _ attention, density? one of the things that is been _ attention, density? one of the things that is been most - attention, density? one of the - things that is been most astounding over the last couple weeks has been the way that while essentially, rome is burning, elon musk is fiddling, tweeting about our user numbers of never been higher and that's because people are so interested in what is

happening. i think the charitable point of view is that people like watching a car crash and this is one thatis watching a car crash and this is one that is happening big and fast and as we think that it's over, more things seem to come around the corner. �* ., ~ n' things seem to come around the corner. . ., ~ , things seem to come around the corner.~ ., ~ �*, corner. and elon musk says he's auoin to corner. and elon musk says he's going to reinstate _ corner. and elon musk says he's going to reinstate certain - corner. and elon musk says he's going to reinstate certain band l going to reinstate certain band twitter accounts but there's no decision on donald trump yet. thank you for your analysis. the uk has entered a "new era" of higher taxes according to the institute for fiscal studies. it said that middle earners were "set for a shock" with taxes going up and prices soaring. the chancellor has admitted that families will face real challenges but said the measures he announced yesterday would help to tame inflation. our economics editor faisal islam reports the day after an extraordinary day. this meeting of women entrepreneurs, the historic middle income it is apparent to all in this squeezed swindon. it’s

apparent to all in this squeezed swindon. v ,.., , apparent to all in this squeezed swindon. �*, ., , ~ apparent to all in this squeezed swindon. �*, h, ., , ~ ., swindon. it's scary, really. me and my husband _ swindon. it's scary, really. me and my husband both _ swindon. it's scary, really. me and my husband both work _ swindon. it's scary, really. me and my husband both work full - swindon. it's scary, really. me and my husband both work full time i swindon. it's scary, really. me and. my husband both work full time and our disposable income is shrinking month by month, marches of gone up and food bills, energy bills. in terms of the pounds in their pockets, this shows how the impact by 2028 of tax and benefit policy changes since a year ago differs and policies before yesterday, and the autumn statement in yellow, middle to high earners were the hardest hit by changes to tax and benefits. the poorest households and 30,000 a year and a few hundred pounds better off by 2028. the richest households with an average income of hundred £35,000 will be more than £20,000 worse off than those in the middle and in between 35000 and £42,000 will be between 35000 and £42,000 will be between 35000 and £42,000 will be between 350 and £600 worse off is a significant proportion of their incomes. ., , ._ , significant proportion of their incomes. , .,

incomes. people may be earning 25, 30 even £40,000 _ incomes. people may be earning 25, 30 even £40,000 a _ incomes. people may be earning 25, 30 even £40,000 a year, _ incomes. people may be earning 25, 30 even £40,000 a year, they - incomes. people may be earning 25, 30 even £40,000 a year, they are l 30 even £40,000 a year, they are going — 30 even £40,000 a year, they are going to — 30 even £40,000 a year, they are going to be _ 30 even £40,000 a year, they are going to be feeling a lot worse off over the _ going to be feeling a lot worse off over the next couple of years and prices _ over the next couple of years and prices are — over the next couple of years and prices are going up, their earnings won't _ prices are going up, their earnings won't be _ prices are going up, their earnings won't be going up in general as for prices _ won't be going up in general as for rices. �* . , won't be going up in general as for rices. . ., , ., won't be going up in general as for rices. ., ., , prices. after a set of forecasts, they depict _ prices. after a set of forecasts, they depict a — prices. after a set of forecasts, they depict a historic _ prices. after a set of forecasts, they depict a historic economic| they depict a historic economic challenge and constraints that can last years in the opposition top team making a rather big claim. the labour team making a rather big claim. iie: labour party team making a rather big claim. "iie: labour party is team making a rather big claim. i““ie: labour party is the team making a rather big claim. iie: labour party is the party of sound money. we will make wise choices. i do not hear anybody in our movement, trade union or otherwise repress the country that could not accept for a moment that it is fair to go again after working people.— moment that it is fair to go again after working people. there is a key iuestion in after working people. there is a key question in the _ after working people. there is a key question in the back _ after working people. there is a key question in the back and _ after working people. there is a key question in the back and forth - question in the back and forth between the main political parties, can the opposition currently riding high in the polls favoured far from the plans outlined yesterday by the actual chancellor his plans were backed by the imf. the actual chancellor his plans were backed by the imf. actual chancellor his plans were backed b the imf. . , , ., backed by the imf. the measures that we had will make _ backed by the imf. the measures that we had will make the _ backed by the imf. the measures that we had will make the recession - backed by the imf. the measures that we had will make the recession later.

we had will make the recession later and he _ we had will make the recession later and he will— we had will make the recession later and he will mean _ we had will make the recession later and he will mean that _ we had will make the recession later and he will mean that around - we had will make the recession later. and he will mean that around 70,000 'obs and he will mean that around 70,000 jobs are _ and he will mean that around 70,000 jobs are saved — and he will mean that around 70,000 jobs are saved and _ and he will mean that around 70,000 jobs are saved and i— and he will mean that around 70,000 jobs are saved and i think— and he will mean that around 70,000 jobs are saved and i think that - jobs are saved and i think that will -ive jobs are saved and i think that will give people — jobs are saved and i think that will give people carve _ jobs are saved and i think that will give people carve taking _ jobs are saved and i think that will give people carve taking my- give people carve taking my confidence _ give people carve taking my confidence that _ give people carve taking my confidence that yes, - give people carve taking my confidence that yes, this . give people carve taking my confidence that yes, this is| confidence that yes, this is difficult _ confidence that yes, this is difficult but _ confidence that yes, this is difficult but this _ confidence that yes, this is difficult but this is - confidence that yes, this is difficult but this is the - confidence that yes, this is difficult but this is the plan confidence that yes, this is - difficult but this is the plan ever going _ difficult but this is the plan ever going to — difficult but this is the plan ever going to get _ difficult but this is the plan ever going to get through. _ difficult but this is the plan ever going to get through.— difficult but this is the plan ever going to get through. while their methods may — going to get through. while their methods may differ, _ going to get through. while their methods may differ, they - going to get through. while their methods may differ, they accept | going to get through. while their. methods may differ, they accept the same starting points that there are £55 billion of tax raises are spending cuts required to repair the public finances and share tough choices for a tricky future. they're built to bring gas from russia to western europe — now investigators say a series of blasts on two underwater gas pipelines earlier this year were the result of �*serious sabotage'. it comes at a time of tension between europe and russia over the war in ukraine and during an energy crisis. russia denies any involvement. our europe editor, katya adler has been given exclusive access to the underwater site of the blast and sent this report. this is a new front line in russia's conflict against ukraine and the west. vladimir putin has warned energy infrastructure how oil and gas travel from source to our homes is at risk. this is why the west believes him. three explosions were detonated

on major gas lines between russia and europe earlier this autumn. moscow denies responsibility. hello, good morning. we set off in search of answers, with exclusive access and the help of underwater drone experts. look how the concrete casing around the pipe was ripped apart. that, say intelligence sources, would need the force of a huge car bomb. an explosion or something really just bending this metal, and you can really... it's been shot up out the sea bed? yeah. we learned the damage was far more extensive than widely believed. but we may never know for sure what happened here. as we filmed, a danish surveillance plane circled nearby, and also... we can see a swedish warship, danish warship and also russian offshore boat. is that usual, this kind of activity?

no, it's not usual at all. not usual at all. the backdrop to this sabotage is russia's war. the countries investigating here are keeping intelligence close to their chest. so that was ripped off the pipeline itself? yes, at some point. but one thing has become clear from the pipeline debris. this explosion here in the baltic sea has heightened all of our awareness of the importance of undersea infrastructure, but also the huge difficulty in protecting them. our energy supplies rely on a spider web of subsea pipelines. also underwater are thousands of miles of internet cables, keeping us connected, and enabling trillions of pounds worth of financial transactions a day. you can see how vulnerable the system is. nato member norway is the main gas supplier now for the uk and eu. fears of sabotage and espionage means it has stepped up surveillance dramatically in the north sea. any further disruption of energy

is obviously directly fears of sabotage and espionage means it has stepped up surveillance dramatically in the north sea. any further disruption of energy is obviously directly affecting european security. we see it as vital to protect it, and to provide a prolonged and steady presence. it is the first time the navy here has taken media on this patrol. we joined officers investigating a growing number of drone sightings near the rigs. there's been a spate of arrests in norway of people suspected of spying for russia. political pressure is mounting. millions of families across europe fear the coming winter, and governments from france to the uk to germany want to know they really can rely on norway's energy supply. nato allies, including the uk, are scrambling to improve marine capabilities. if oil and gas infrastructure is attacked, and as you say,

it is so crucial. could it be considered an act of war? an attack on allied critical infrastructure could trigger our collective defence clause. an attack on one ally can or will trigger the response from the whole alliance. strong words nato would rather not act on, preferring to avoid military conflict with russia. but closer to our homes, moscow is waging non—conventional warfare, threatening our gas supply, hoping to destabilise europe and reduce support for kyiv. katya adler, bbc news, norway. hello. friday has brought us some major disruption across eastern of scotland on account of severe flooding problems. this was one of our weather watchers. photos coming in from angus, which will be one of

the worst hit areas. along with aberdeenshire perth and kinross as well. we have seen a 140 millimitres of rain in places over the last 48 hours. and that rain has been causing big problems with flooding. we have seen around seven severe flood warnings. being issued by the scottish environmental protection agency. that's where flooding is expected and brings with it a significant threat to life. now the rain continues to fall. the met office and weather warnings stay in force until 9pm. after that it would lapse, the rain will turn lighter and patchier. with that said all of this rain still has to come down the river so flooding is likely to get worse for some communities before things start to improve. scot rail are reporting major disruptions on services in the east. we see several roads completely closed due to flooding as well. check before you travel if you have plans.

probably a better idea to postpone journeys across eastern scotland. if you can. now, overnight the rain turns lighter and patchier across scotland. there would be a bit of light rain and drizzle coming into eastern counties of england. in the west, clear skies. it turns cold and you would see patches of frost develop across western areas. so temperatures taking a dive here. now, on the weekend we do have more rain in the forecast. what i would say is the heaviest rain will be falling across western areas. so it's unlikely to cause significant problems. with that said across these eastern areas the rain still working down the river so flooding would be a concern here through saturday. even as the weather improves. western scotland, wales and western parts of england and central and southern england will be dry with some sunshine. a fine start in northern ireland, and eventually late in the afternoon we will start to see rain arriving here. our next band of rain will sweep its way east towards the whole of the uk. clearing on sunday to a mixture of sunshine and showers. the showers will be widespread with hail and thunder mixed in. it will turn quite windy once again. temperatures dropping, actually a bit below average across northern areas of the uk. it will be cold enough to see a little bit of snow across the tops

of the scottish mountains. you might notice that looking out of your windows if you live near the mountains. stays unsettled next week. more rain around at times, perhaps with a risk of clouds flooding across, perhaps across southern parts. that is the latest.

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go talks was poorer countries suffering the effects from global warming. and