this is bbc news. the headlines: fifa's president gianni infantino has accused critics of qatar's human rights record of hypocrisy, saying europe should apologise for its historic actions. concerns were raised about qatar's policies on homosexuality and how it treats migrant workers from asia and africa. negotiators at the un climate conference in egypt are said to be close to signing a deal to provide aid for developing countries that have suffered loss and damage due to global warming. but there's been disagreement on whether to include stronger pledges on cutting the use of fossil fuels. the british prime minister, rishi sunak, has offered ukraine an additional $60 million worth of military aid. it was his first visit to kyiv since taking office. the money will be used to help

counter russian aerial attacks which have caused severe damage to the country's infrastructure. now on bbc news, the travel show. coming up this week... taking the sting out of mexico's creepy crawlies. so, he's about to milk the snake? yes. huge fangs! that's the venom? yes, that's the venom. rediscovering scotland's mysterious past. we don't have a name for the tribes of people that lived here, and that's perhaps part of the mystery. and we check out the latest wines erupting onto the scene in the volcanic azores. you can taste the sea. the texture of the wine — yes, you can taste the sea.

for generations, snakes, scorpions and spiders have been important mystical and religious figures here in mexico. and travelling around the country, you can't escape being reminded of that. but in reality some are very dangerous. around 4.5 million people are bitten by snakes alone around the world every year, and over half of those bites can lead to serious injuries or worse. and climate change, combined with accelerated urban development, means that more

and more people are coming into contact with things that can bite, with scientists predicting that the number of cases can rise even higher. to get an idea of what's out there here in mexico, i've come to a park near the capital to meet diego barrales, who's become a twitter sensation. he's the go—to guy when it comes to identifying potential danger. every day, hundreds of pictures are sent to him from worried travellers looking for reassurance after a close encounter or bite from a spider, scorpion or snake. hi, diego. hi, eva. hey. how are you? i'm great. what deadly creature are we looking for here? 0h, we are looking for spiders and scorpions. they are quite common in this part of mexico. and it doesn't take long to find a scorpion. even though it's dark, they show up with a uv light, which is far more effective than using a traditional torch.

and even though the scorpions you'll find here in mexico aren't as deadly as some that you might find across the middle east, they can still give you a very painful sting. wow! we put it in there. in he goes. diego, you've become quite a bit of a social media celebrity. how did that happen? it's because people want to know more about these animals. of course, people are afraid of this animal, so they're looking for help. these animals are, most of them, seen as horrible creatures. but i think that through the work i have been doing in the twitter account and the instagram account, people are starting to see these creatures in a different way. despite diego's best efforts, more people are bitten here in mexico than anywhere else in the world. which is part of the reason why the country has developed one of the most advanced antivenom

programmes anywhere. so i'm off to meet dr alagon, one of the world's leading authorities on antivenom, who has promised me a date with a potentially deadly rattlesnake. so, so scary looking! antivenom is made up from antibodies that can neutralize a potentially harmful or lethal sting or bite. and the only way to create it is to start by collecting the venom in the first place. so he's about to milk the snake? yes, yeah, yeah. look. huge fangs! you see the yellow venom. that's the venom? yeah, that's the venom. that snake does not look happy. dr alagon�*s team regularly extract venom from some of the world's most dangerous snakes and scorpions in a process called milking.

the venom will then be used to create antibodies which will counter the poison, but more on that in a moment. so that's not very much, is it? well, actually, for us it's quite a bit, you know? and it's very concentrated and potent. ten years ago, dr alagon bought this ranch on the outskirts of mexico city, where he keeps the animals that have the key to the success of the antivenom process. and they are these horses. what's the link between horses and antivenom? because as you can see, horses, they behave well. you know, they are large animals. so they can produce lots of blood. and then you can purify the antibodies that make the antivenom from the horse blood. the process is a slow

but very controlled one. over a period of six months, a horse is injected with a small but increasing amount of snake, scorpion or spider venom that allows the horse to build venom neutralizing antibodies in its blood, which means they become immune to that particular venom. these antibodies are then extracted by dr alagon�*s cowboys—turned—scientists, which they then use to create life—saving serum. the blood will be collected in a bag, and then it will be hung so that the cells, the blood cells, deposit in the bottom. and the plasma that contains the antibodies from which antivenoms are made remains on the top. how much antivenom do these

horses actually produce? well, it will produce an average of 2,000 vials of antivenom, one donation, that's as far as scorpions. for snakes, you only get 200 vials. those are still pretty powerful numbers. yes. so what would you say to people who, you know, think that this might not be the right thing to do to horses, to these beautiful animals? well, i will say that these horses have been used for antivenom production for more than 130 years. and as you can see, they are well treated, well fed. and i will say that that is more suffering — saving lives. and so far, there is not an alternative for that. if you think about it, each of these horses could potentially save thousands of lives. thousands of lives, literally. yes.

if you do get bitten, the best advice is to not attempt to remove the venom yourself by sucking the site of the wound, but seek medical help immediately. don't drink caffeine or alcohol, both of which could speed up the rate at which your body absorbs the poison. and try to remember the colour and shape of the creature that's bitten you, as that will help medical staff to treat you quickly and effectively. so, since the use of antivenom has become more widespread in mexico, how have the numbers changed? yeah. mortality in the case of scorpions has decreased by 86%, and in the case of a snake by 63%. that's a huge difference. huge difference. well, if you're thinking of coming here, don't let the idea of a few creepy crawlies put you off. there are loads of outdoor adventures to consider. here are just a few. history buffs will find exploring the remains of mexico's ancient civilizations irresistible. the mayan ruins of palenque

are thought to be well over 1,000 years old, with hundreds of buildings spread over six square miles. or for those with a really adventurous side, how about cave diving in the yucatan peninsula? descend into one of the thousands of naturally formed flooded sinkholes called cenotes. and there is a world to discover underwater. cenotes often begin with one large chamber which branches off into vast cave systems. there is thought to be a cenote here for every skill level of diver. and how about mountain climbing in central mexico? at around 20,000 feet altitude, there are spectacular mountains here for expert climbers — but even novices can scale them with an experienced guide. treks to the volcano can also be combined with visits to the stunning pyramids of teotihuacan.

still to come on the travel show, we enter the world of ancient scottish architecture. the current academic thinking is that they were houses. houses with five metres thick walls and 13 metres high. cheers. and try a volcanic tipple in the azores. wow, that's intense. so don't go away. while i was around mexico city, there was one place ijust had to check out. within the waterways of sochimilco lies a local legend. step onto an island here and you will find among a few small huts a place which some say is cursed. welcome to the island of dolls.

this strange little place has become a massive tourist attraction, but its origins are actually pretty dark. so, around 70 years ago, a young girl drowned nearby, and so the island's owner started placing dolls around here for her spirit to play with. but the story gets much weirder than that. after filling the entire island with dolls, the owner himself died in the exact same spot as the young girl. it is said he spent 50 years adding to the collection of dolls here before his own mysterious death in 2001. definitely not the kind of place i'd want to spend the night alone. so it's probably for the best

then that you can't actually sleep here, but you can visit the island as part of a day tour of xochimilco�*s waterways. it's not one for the faint hearted. i've never been to a place like this before. with good reason. it's absolutely terrifying. it's a great natural setting for a horror movie. standing in the midst of the stunning scottish wilderness for the past 2,000 years, these mysterious stone structures are a symbol of scotland's unique archaeological past. known as a broch, the exact purpose of these iconic iron age ruins is still unknown.

however, a group of experimental archaeologists believe that an ambitious project to build a broch from scratch could finally help us to better understand their past. a broch is a huge iron age structure made completely of dry stone with walls five metres thick. we don't have a name for the tribes of people that lived here, and that's perhaps part of the mystery of what a broch was used for. the current academic thinking is that they were houses, houses with five metres thick walls and 13 metres high. still, after hundreds of years of archaeology, we're not entirely sure we have a modern perception of what buildings are the most complete. of what buildings are. the most complete broch still standing is mousa. mousa broch is the most intact broch that we have. it does, of course, have a secondary structure from a later occupation phase built inside it. but we do have a good sense

of what a broch may have been in its completed form. dry stone towers of that size, and you especially see it with mousa, it's a difficult endeavour to begin with to build one. the fact that they have lasted as long as they have, the fact that they go through several phases of occupation spanning somewhere around 1,000 years is attractive to a heritage tourist. the caithness broch project is an experimental archaeological initiative aiming to build a full—scale broch from scratch using traditional methods. it's a hugely ambitious undertaking as so little is known about these mysterious buildings. i think it's a very adventurous idea to build a broch. it will teach us an incredible amount about how to go about building and dry stone to build a structure so large. and the design of our broch, we've tried to base it as much as we can on archaeological evidence _ i think what we really hope

to achieve is a more thorough understanding of brochs, and how they were built might kind of play into ideas of why they were built as well. so as we go through the process of constructing a broch then maybe we'll get a better insight into the minds of broch builders in the past as well, because there are so many unanswered questions about the iron age, how iron age societies work, how did they kind of revolve around the brochs or how two brochs revolved around iron age societies? the building of the broch will be as much of an attraction as it as a complete structure. the most broch store found right here in caithness. so we like to think that caithness is the home of the broch. the caithness broch project is currently searching for the ideal site to begin the construction of their broch and they estimate it could be between three and five years before they finally achieve their goal of bringing this enigmatic building back to the scottish countryside. next up, we're off to the azores where new wine routes are being developed across six of the nine major islands following a renaissance in the unique practice of growing grapes across lava fields. we sent cat moh

to find out more. there it is. on a map, pico island is pretty much a dot in the middle of the atlantic ocean. formed 300,000 years ago, it's the youngest volcanic island in the azores archipelago. pico last erupted 300 years ago, and it explains why the land is so rugged. tourists come to hike its unique landscape alongside whale watching and dolphin spotting. but i'm here for its volcanic wines. in fact, unesco has granted pico world heritage status for its vineyard culture. and i'm starting to see why. let's see.

wejust pick a grape. fortunato is always last to harvest on the island because he needs to wait till his grapes reach a higher sugar level. almost like raisins. what does that tell you? it tells me the probably alcohol that i'm going to have. so now it's around 13, so i need to be at least 18. so it needs a bit more sunshine? yes. now we're going to go all the way up to the windmills. so you grew up in and around these beautiful vineyards? well, beautiful. at that time, it didn't look that beautiful because we were working around here and it's crazy. and yeah, sometimes i would do what are we doing right now. hide? hide. he makes a very old type of wine, which almost disappeared entirely after a plague decimated the vineyards across the island in the late 19th century. if it wasn't for my dad to continue this, we would not have pasada wine today. the pasada wine, like in

the old days and starting 1460, it's definitely the most iconic wine of pico. that's the wine that used to go to popes and the emperors and kings — and the czars. and just run me through the mechanics of of how these grapes even thrive to begin with. each corral, which is these four stone walls that we have around us, this creates a micro perfect microclimate. and if you touch this rock, you can see that it's warm. this is really warm! you're going to have during the day the sun hitting the grapes, and then during the night you're going to have heat coming from the rocks up. and that's why it's possible to us to produce pasada wine. most winemakers have an adega like a winery, but more homely that acts as a spot for social gatherings. so something i hadn't mentioned yet. this has been dubbed the impossible wine because of its very, very high alcohol content, all naturally achieved.

wow, that's intense. walking around the island, it's easy to see its rich winemaking history. but there is the role of people. so, the wine barrels, they came along in the carts, along the rocks. then they rolled it all the way down into it. then they pick it and put it on the ships. and if you venture inland, you'll find miles of abandoned vineyards and crumbling lava walls. so we recovered 120 hectares. it took us three years with 30 guys every day. because you wanted to grow the almost extinct grapes in the environment that they were originally grown in? exactly, 15 years ago, pico's vineyards were a museum, an open air museum. and today, it's an industry.

there's wine tourism coming to the island. so i think there's there's a whole new era for for pico wines. ten years ago, this was all forest. nearly all the restored vineyards are now successfully bearing fruit. and lucky for me, they're harvesting. a little bit of adding to the... so this is a unique grape varietal in the world. 0nly exists here. perfect. good. they look lovely. that's it. unlike fortunato's, the azores wine company's adega is modern, built to blend in with the landscape. you can taste the sea. signature of the of the wine. yes, you can taste the sea. the essence of the sea. and that's a very particular, uh... and that's why these

wines are unique. with so many people now growing grapes locally on the island, a new generation of winemakers are rising up and doing things a little differently. katja rents space at awc to make wine until she can build her own adega. so what do you do differently that perhaps the others don't do? ok, so maybe for me it's work with small quantities, not big quantities. so i try to do a little bit work with barrels, with steel tanks, a little bit of maceration, carbonic maceration. you're doing it your way. yes. now there's just one last thing to do before i call it a night. best experience that you can have in our time. you sit at the table with your friends. you have the barrel right behind you. well, it's very nice that you have a bed if you want to drink it.

right. that's it for now. coming up next week... ade is in rome, hunting down italy's stolen art. wow. this is... it's beautiful. and checks out a new museum showcasing the latest recoveries. until then, you can catch up with some of our more recent adventures on the bbc iplayer. we're on social media, too. just search bbc travel show on facebook and instagram and you'll find us there. in the meantime, from me and my little friend here in mexico, safe travels and i'll see you back on the road soon. bye.

hello. november has so far been dominated by very mild weather. we took a bit of a break from that on saturday morning. 0ver that on saturday morning. over the past few days, we have also seen a fair bit of rain, and even though the rain eased on saturday you can see the state of the rivers here, cooper and five, on saturday afternoon. —— cuparin five, on saturday afternoon. —— cupar in fife. with the ground saturated we will keep an eye on the rental this week. as you can see from this saturation, is that rain falls onto saturated ground, river levels will continue to rise once again in many areas. we will have seen rain through saturday

night into sunday, this whether frontier is pushing its way north and east, it will linger across 0rkney, maybe edging its way into shipment later in the day, strong wind continuing to have a transport in the area. elsewhere, eastern scotland and eastern england, the rain will gradually clear. things will brighten up. sunshine for much of the day. showers into the evening. a mixture of sunshine and showers across western areas, not particularly fast moving, so where they are stuck with you they could be on the heavy side, with hail and thunder. winds lighter on saturday, temperatures down a little bit, cool day, temperatures eight down to 11 or 12 the most comical in shipment and 0rkney given the strength of the wind which will gradually ease a little bit through sunday night into monday. not a huge amount. the rain fizzling out here. clear skies ahead of this next bank of rain which pushes on a monday morning, lifting temperatures after an initial depth. but to start a new working weeks, scotland, and eastern england, they could be a widespread frost on the ground but a bright start for many. this is what will happen,

an area of low pressure to the north—west stop we will see another area of low pressure develops around this feature here, winds could come blustery around the english channel. that is one thing to watch. another thing to watch is just how far this rain gets. sweeping across england, wales and northern ireland. our sweeping across england, wales and northern ireland. 0urfinal that gets into scotland could be crucial. the cold air in place, while many will be dry, is that rain pushes in, certainly over the hills that could be sleet and snow around. very cold out over scandinavia on monday and tuesday pushing into the far north of scotland, anything else that drifts into that could a wintry mix. 0rkney, shetland, into low levels, be prepared for a few wintry showers to take you through the day, some of those on the heavy side. also, dry and brighter compared with monday, a few showers dotted around especially to the west and the south, a little on the cool side even with the sunshine, 7— 10 degrees. then through tuesday night into wednesday we do it all again, with another chilly start of the night and into wednesday, rain quickly sweeping away north and east, ourfans rain quickly sweeping away north and east, our fans this time, that band of rain sweeping away north and east

quickly, that is not going to linger across anyone side for too long, the exception could be north—east scotland. 0ne too long, the exception could be north—east scotland. one to watch. we could see snow to go with the rain and the higher ground. sunshine and showers than anyone is that early persistent rain clears through. then through into thursday, a brief ridge of high pressure out of the next system. things quieting down. they will still be showers dotted around, very difficult to pinpoint where they will be at this stage. but be prepared. showers later on towards the west. temperatures may be lifting up a bit across southern counties of england and wales. then beyond that, temperatures might lift a bit further. low pressure dominating to the west and north—west of the uk. high pressure across scandinavia, keeping things fairly changeable with further rain at times, the computer models pushing that high further west and if that happens, it could mean a drier outlook.

this is bbc news. i'm arunoday mukharji. our top stories: fifa's president hits back at western critics of qatar's human rights record, accusing them of hypocrisy. negotiators at the un climate talks in egypt are reportedly close to signing an agreement to help the poorest countries worst affected by climate change. hello and welcome to bbc news. the president of football's world governing body, fifa, has called western countries hypocrites for criticising qatar's record on human rights.