this is bbc news, the headlines: delegates at the un climate summit in egypt have approved a major deal on climate change. as part of the agreement, a fund will be set up to help poorer countries pay for some of the loss and damage caused by global warming. fifa's president, gianni infantino, has accused critics of qatar's human rights record of hypocrisy, saying europe should apologise for its historic actions. concerns were raised about qatar's policies on homosexuality and how it treats migrant workers from asia and africa. donald trump's twitter account has been reinstated after the firm's new boss, elon musk, let users decide whether he should be allowed to return to the platform.

15 million twitter users voted and nearly 52% backed the former us president's return. mr trump was banned from twitter after the january 6th riots. from the top, from governments and companies. but science and innovation

will play an important part. once again, the leaders of the world have been coming together to fight climate change. as cop26 and comes to a close, campaigners and climate scientists have warned that the planet is at risk. in the year since cop26 happened in glasgow, there has been much criticism that the event was all talk and not much action. change will not come from inside _ change will not come from inside there. that is not leadership!— inside there. that is not leadershi -l , . ., leadership! these un climate summit delegates _ leadership! these un climate summit delegates bring - summit delegates bring thousands of people from around the world. the aim is to provide the support for all countries to be able to reduce their carbon emissions and deal with any issues that climate change will inevitably cause.

the world is warming because of emissions produced by burning fossilfuel emissions produced by burning fossil fuel like emissions produced by burning fossilfuel like oil, gas emissions produced by burning fossil fuel like oil, gas and coal and global term — at temperatures are warming and if they go higher, scientists warn that half the population can be exposed to life—threatening heat and humidity. climate scientists have warned that change needs to come from the top, from governments and companies but science and innovation will play an important part. take deep breath. if you live in the green, it is hard to remember what it is like in the grey, the air can literally smell sweeter and it is definitely clean up. the world health organization says air pollution poses a major threat to health

and climate and kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide every year. we are not all going to move back to nature but what if we could bring nature into the cities? just outside berlin, this company is trying to freshen up the urban area. this is a biofilter sucking in from the bottom and pumping it out and illustrated, we have a smoke machine from the local disk attacked —— disco and it will show you what will happen as it comes out through the mask. this is where the magic happens. moss eats pollution. sticks to the tiny leaves, it is absorbed, digested then turned into more moss. so as fans draw dirty air in, the bad

stuff is left on the leaves of the moss leaving the clean air to filter out. the idea of using the properties came to the founder after he went for a jog- the founder after he went for a jog. i the founder after he went for a 'o. _ ., , the founder after he went for a jog. i was in shanghai and i did a lot — jog. i was in shanghai and i did a lot of _ jog. i was in shanghai and i did a lot of exercise - jog. i was in shanghai and i | did a lot of exercise outside and after a few months i started to have difficulties breathing. that is when i thought maybe you caught the flu or a cold and it kept on lasting until the point i really left china in shanghai and went back to germany. only after i came back i realise, hey, there is definitely a connection to the air quality in china and my personal health. that is when it clicked and i thought i have to do something about the air quality in the city. something about the air quality in the ci . something about the air quality in the city-— in the city. the past eight cities, greens _ in the city. the past eight| cities, greens dissolutions have been growing moss up to 15 times faster than in nature. it

takes 12 weeks to grow each mat and there is something very receiving about being in the greenhouse! — something soothing about being in the greenhouse. do you just come in here and stroke the moss? it here and stroke the moss? it doesn't have roots, see can imagine like normal plants, it takes nutrients from the earth but with moss, it can capture everything. the second thing is like other plans, moss can absorb co2 but the benefit is the density is high so we can capture as much as possible. now we're going to take a sample. i now we're going to take a samle. .., now we're going to take a samle. .. ., now we're going to take a i sample._ perfect! sample. i can do it? perfect! now we can _ sample. i can do it? perfect! now we can have _ sample. i can do it? perfect! now we can have a _ sample. i can do it? perfect! now we can have a look- sample. i can do it? perfect! | now we can have a look under the microscope. and it is in

the microscope. and it is in the lab where we get to see the superpower of moss. the plant acts a lot like a human lung, whose surface area can absorb a lot of the error in one go and just like the lungs of a smoker which kept blackened by car, moss could act like the lungs of a city, eventually covered in stuff that we do not want to breathe. . , .,. breathe. that is the active product _ breathe. that is the active product. the _ breathe. that is the active product. the black - breathe. that is the active product. the black bits? l product. the black bits? exactly, that is a dust particles from polluted air. it means that it is still healthy if it is green. pretty powerful! i am a moss fan! figs powerful! i am a moss fan! as well as pulling pollutants out of the air, there is another advantage to these biofilter

is, here is a piece of moss and this is a thermal imaging camera and consider temperatures room temperature but when i pointed it at the air coming out of the mouth when he turn the ventilation on, look at how much cooler it is not only does it clean the air, it also calls it. and of course, pulling pollutants out of the atmosphere could help call more than your local surroundings. fist call more than your local surroundings. call more than your local surroundinas. ., ., surroundings. at pollution and climate change _ surroundings. at pollution and climate change are _ surroundings. at pollution and climate change are directly - climate change are directly related. we have pollutants in air pollution, for instance, black carbon, which speed up the heating of the planet and by binding the pollutants we help decelerate climate change. you will already see these biofilter is in several cities around the world. although you may not have realised that you are sitting in front of a load of moss. and to make sure it is as effective and long—lived as possible, the health can be

monitored from each queue and an algorithm can control the algorithm, can control conditions. in algorithm, can control conditions.— algorithm, can control conditions. . . conditions. in the future i can envision many _ conditions. in the future i can envision many buildings - conditions. in the future i can envision many buildings on i conditions. in the future i can l envision many buildings on the facade of buildings will be covered in our solutions and of course you can have motorways, large stretches and use the moss filters to cleaning call the air and protect. moss on its own will not _ its own will not solve the climate crisis but amongst the talk of inventing greener technologies, may be worth taking a lead from something that has been under our feet all the time. after all nature has been regulating the environment much longer than we have been disrupting it. who would've thought it could so useful! . �* , would've thought it could so useful! . �*, ., ., useful! nature's natural filter. as _ useful! nature's natural filter. as companies - useful! nature's natural filter. as companies try| useful! nature's natural. filter. as companies try to reduce carbon footprint and carbon footprint, there are many things i can try.

manufacturing, transportation of goods or move factories but all of these things are big things to do so you really need to know what is going to work best. have you do it? get yourself a digital tween! make a virtual copy of your entire business and try stuff out in that first. we have been to see the makers of dettol, who are trying to assess if they can make things more environmental. we use these everyday and these brands are made by one company in the industry gets them from factories to their homes is fast moving and comes with a big impact on the planet. hat big impact on the planet. not hue but big impact on the planet. iirrt huge but important that we look at the carbon footprint and think how will we reproduce the decarbonisation. it involves everything from raw materials

all the way through to people using the products, have to come down by 50% by 2030. that is why we have to think of the factories and ingredients and packaging we use. to factories and ingredients and packaging we use.— factories and ingredients and packaging we use. to work out how we can — packaging we use. to work out how we can meet _ packaging we use. to work out how we can meet targets, - packaging we use. to work out how we can meet targets, it i packaging we use. to work out how we can meet targets, it is| how we can meet targets, it is turning to a digital replica through everything they do through everything they do through a programme called resilience. this is it, the digital tween called resilience?- digital tween called resilience? , , resilience? this is the version of our different _ resilience? this is the version of our different companies - resilience? this is the version | of our different companies and we map them as a digital tween. we're looking at the data from a pretend company but the programme is bringing lots of individual, such as the miles ingredients are shipped or how much energy each factory uses and then runs lots of scenarios over the company to see how sustainable it is now and in the future.— sustainable it is now and in the future. we have a large team of analysts _ the future. we have a large team of analysts that - the future. we have a large i team of analysts that compile data and forecasts that and see how policies are likely to change in the future and how taxes will change. the digital

tween is also _ taxes will change. the digital tween is also helping - taxes will change. the digital tween is also helping firms i taxes will change. the digital i tween is also helping firms map the impact of climate change is already having on their operations.— already having on their oerations. , , . ., , operations. this is an example of factories — operations. this is an example of factories in _ operations. this is an example of factories in the _ operations. this is an example of factories in the united - of factories in the united states and how they may be subjected to hurricane risk and how often it may disrupt the cost to the business. stand how often it may disrupt the cost to the business. and then a company _ cost to the business. and then a company can _ cost to the business. and then a company can start _ cost to the business. and then a company can start to - cost to the business. and then a company can start to make l a company can start to make changes in the laboratories here and work on new products imported into the programme and find out if it will make a difference?— find out if it will make a difference? , , ., difference? exactly. yes. that is where we — difference? exactly. yes. that is where we are _ difference? exactly. yes. that is where we are heading - difference? exactly. yes. that is where we are heading next. safety goggles on because i have been given rare access to the rim of the next big thing in cleaning. and they are also adjusting existing product lines. ~ ., , adjusting existing product lines. ., , lines. we now use lactic acid and it has — lines. we now use lactic acid and it has a _ lines. we now use lactic acid and it has a plum _ lines. we now use lactic acid and it has a plum base - lines. we now use lactic acid and it has a plum base and l and it has a plum base and lower carbon footprint and we looked at how resilience is telling us about carbon footprint and factors and we thought what ingredients we

could change, and by moving to lower carbon ingredients, things like lactic acid, developed from fermenting lap maze, we could reduce the carbon footprint and that could set up a low carbon products — just maize. set up a low carbon products - just maize-— just maize. estimates the market for _ just maize. estimates the market for digital - just maize. estimates the market for digital twins i just maize. estimates the - market for digital twins could be worth billions of dollars over the next decade. having all the data on sustainability is one thing, companies need to act on it. when many hear about big companies on sustainability, they probably roll their eyes because big companies are out to make money. what is the balance there between being more sustainable and still bringing the pounds in? the sustainable and still bringing the pounds in?— sustainable and still bringing the pounds in? the key is how we can decarbonise _ the pounds in? the key is how we can decarbonise and - the pounds in? the key is how we can decarbonise and still. we can decarbonise and still grow so if you can achieve our ambition to be net—zero x 2040, we can as well. that d couples those two topics. it we can as well. that d couples those two topics.— those two topics. it could be ears those two topics. it could be years before _ those two topics. it could be years before we _ those two topics. it could be

years before we know- those two topics. it could be years before we know if- those two topics. it could be years before we know if the | years before we know if the decisions companies are making now could really help the planet. this technology is making that less of a gamble. that was alistair, and now it is time for a look at this week's tech news. google has agreed to pay nearly $400 million to settle a privacy case. it had been accused by a0 american states of misleading users into believing location tracking was switched off. the search engine says the claim was based on policies that changed years ago. ride—hailing app uber says it expects people to keep using it even as their budgets get squeezed. the firm is branching out to let users book trains and buses in the app. it also told the bbc more drivers have joined them. for uber, potentially we can serve those needs of those customers who decide no longer to have their own car but to use uber instead. and actually, in tough economic times, to me that makes

total sense. meanwhile food delivery app deliveroo says it is quitting australia because of tough economic conditions. the country's government has been putting pressure on companies to improve gig workers' conditions. and... animal crossing's very first e—cycling centre! and in a bid to help people reduce e—waste, intel has created a land in the game animal crossing to help educate us on how to recycle old tech. the firm says electronic waste is rising three times faster than the world's population. the steam train — first built in 180a, it made real travel cheap, and suddenly everything seemed much closer to home. industry rolled on, and by the 1960s electric and diesel trains had replaced steam. and today around the world most high—speed trains are powered by electricity. at the historic bo'ness and kinneil railway,

engineers have also moved on from the past and into technologies of the future, where they are working towards cleaner rail travel. and this — this is the little train that could be powered by hydrogen. the train itself is not new. instead, this is where old technology meets new, and a test of where hydrogen power might be a viable option on our railways. the technology beneath my feet is relatively new for the railway, but one of the interesting things about this project is that this train is actually quite old, built in 1979, and it has been retrofitted to run on hydrogen. so, what was a class 314 headed for the scrapheap is now a class 614 hydrogen—powered train. the hydrogen is stored in tanks underneath the carriages along with the hydrogen fuel cell, which converts the hydrogen

back to electricity which powers the train. all that is emitted is steam and water. the hydrogen needed to power the train is made on site. electricity from renewable sources is used to split water, creating hydrogen. that is then compressed, compressed again, and then stored, ready for refuelling the train. but if most of the uk rail network is electrified, what part will hydrogen play? some commentators say that hydrogen is actually a bit of a distraction — what we should be focusing on is fully electrifying our railway lines. so, if you have a route where you can't do overheard electrification, and the route is too long or too demanding, or there isn't a time to charge, or the infrastructure to charge to run a battery train, then the hydrogen train fills that gap. you can get a range approach

in diesel, you can refuel very quickly, and you can transport hydrogen in multiple ways. so, the hydrogen train fulfils some operational requirements you can't meet with other approaches. it is not the only area of transport looking to use this element. aberdeen is a city built on oil and gas, but it's now home to the first hydrogen—powered double—decker buses in the world. how does this work? what we have... watch your head. in total, holding 25kg of hygiene. they will pump the hydrogen down to the fuel cell, down here, it mixes with fresh air, and in the process, what we end up with is getting electricity that comes out. this electricity gets sent to a battery, and then goes to a battery controller, just the same as an electric vehicle. to get these clean and green buses from a to b, hydrogen refuelling stations were set up around aberdeen. it is just like filling the bus with diesel. instead, the pumps are stocked with hydrogen. when do you think diesel is consigned to the carriages of history, and the majority of your fleet are running on renewable products?

five, ten years. definitely, i think it's... i mean, certainly, for us as a group, we will not be buying any more diesel buses in the future. it will be electric or gas or hydrogen buses. thank you, driver. but it is notjust buses looking to hydrogen as a fuel of the future. this is the first of its kind, zero—emission hydrogen—electric hgv, which runs off renewable electricity, and like the hydrogen buses, water is its only waste. in the hgv sector, we are seeing that hydrogen is the only technology that is able to give the long—range, the heavy payloads and the quick refuelling time. if you think about what we currently do, which is drive around with flammable liquid in our cars, with small explosions going on around our knees and a tank of flammable liquid behind us, hydrogen is safer because these tanks a very solid.

they have got triple—layer carbon—fibre reinforced, so there is a place for hydrogen in transport. if we continue at our current rate, scientists estimate our fossil fuels will be burnt out by 2060. we know the way we travel must change, and we can no longer rely on non—renewable energy sources to fuel our way of life. with hydrogen and electric—hybrid set to be the future, clean solutions are here to stay. that was laura... in my coat! i noticed that actually. have we got a uniform now? did i miss a memo? yep, that's right. anyway, talking of coats, or more generally clothing, we talked in the past about the problems with fast fashion. these are clothes that are so cheap they kind of feel disposable. we have seen in new ways of people being able to recycle fabrics, but this week we are taking a look at a problem that i for one

did not even know existed, but luckily, shiona mccallum has found the solution. we know that fashion hurts the earth. more than 92 million tons of textile waste is created every year. recycling is possible, but chemical dyes and prints often prevent this. if you are anything like me and buy merch every time you go to a gig, then you may have loads of band t—shirts, but sometimes your musical tastes do change, and you are stuck with these logos forever. well, one team here in gothenburg are trying to change that. the idea is that they print the t—shirts, strip them back and reprint them so they can be used again, again and again. the start—up, called vividye, is not changing traditional fabric inks... i will get you a lab coat. ...instead it has developed a layer that goes onto the fabric first, made from entirely earth—friendly ingredients. this can be dissolved away later, allowing the top design

to be removed. what is the cool tech that goes into creating this perfect recipe? it is all about a balance, and trying to find a sweet spot for both the functionality and as well the stability, and then we look into the viscosity of it, we look at the chart of our components, we study the films that we create through microscope, as well as the textiles that we are applying the print to. is there any waste products at all here? when we want to try something, we create the volume necessary for what we're trying. the mix is applied as an industrial partner, where it is easily brought into screenprinting process. hi! welcome! welcome to sweden and gothenburg. thank you so much. i think you have a surprise in store for me? yes, i do. today we're actually going to print a click band t—shirt. exciting.

i am really looking forward to seeing how it all works. let's get started. the final result is here. i love it. how could i ever want this to be removed? use it as long as possible and then remove it. just for you guys, i am going to take this t—shirt back to the lab and see if the technology can completely remove the logo. right now, this means putting the t—shirt in a bowl with a removable chemical, which is then treated at high temperatures and left for about an hour. afterwards, there is a secret technique in getting the print to physically come off, and this should get better as the recipe and the process is fine tuned. you can see we have some traces left. so, the click band logo has gone, and i can only see a few speckles are pink.

pretty good job. i mean, i reckon you could print on top of that and you would not notice. no. and this would be good for recycling, would it? this is definitely good for recycling. which is the main point — so it will not end up in landfill along with traditionally inked—up garments. and another test, processed more precisely without the delays of us messing about filming, has come up even cleaner. you can get it more or less completely off. we are sure 100% sure about that, yeah. but wearers are not expected to strip the tees at home. the printing companies use our technology, people get to use the print and the textile, and then we take it back. with several large european partners already developing their own garments, there is clearly an appetite for closing this circle. with more than 100 billion items made each year, it has never been more important to make all textiles recycla ble. and i did keep one of these

just for my next gig though. shiona there, and that's it for this look at some of the latest innovations that are hoping to tackle climate change. yeah, it's going to take much more than those to make a dent on temperatures, but whenever we see something that we think is promising, we will make sure that you see it too. thanks for watching. we will see you soon. bye— bye. hello there. weather headlines in recent days have been dominated by the relentless heavy rainfall that we've seen across eastern scotland. in aboyne in aberdeenshire, we had 1.5 months' worth of rain since last wednesday, and there's more wet weather to come. but it looks likely

over the next five days that the heaviest of the rain will be further south and west. the darker the blues, the heavier the rain. and you can see, across the far north—east, hopefully not quite as much. there's still some wet weather to come, though, on sunday from this frontal system. around an inch of rain before it clears through. it will clear quite quickly, though, on sunday morning, easing away from eastern scotland and south—east england, allowing for some sunshine to come through. but a brisk westerly wind will quickly drive in some sharp, squally showers, some of these heavy, with some hail and some thunder. but most of the showers will be out to the west, so with the sunshine, we're likely to see temperatures about where they should be for this time of year — 7—12 degrees. now, the showers will start to fade away through the evening, and we keep some clear skies potentially in the far north—east of scotland. but at the same time, the next system moves in. yet more wet and windy weather on its way, accompanied by gale—force gusts of winds in the strongest and heaviest of the rain. but ahead of it, under

the clear skies, perhaps temperatures here low enough for a touch of light frost. now, some of that wet weather will gradually push its way steadily north and east on monday. a level of uncertainty as to just where that rain is likely to gather, but keep abreast of the forecast. rain is likely through northern ireland, parts of wales, south—west england, and eventually into northern england. scattered showers following on behind. drier but cooler conditions in the far north of scotland. and that colder air potentially sitting in scotland for a couple of days, tapping into the cold air that's sitting across scandinavia. that means that these weather fronts potentially could enhance the risk of some wintry showers to higher ground as they drift out of aberdeenshire into the northern isles. but on the whole on tuesday, there'll be some sunny spells coming through, and again a similar kind of feel to the weather — 7—11 degrees. the remainder of the week stays unsettled, a real autumnal flavour. there'll be showers or longer spells of rain. it'll be windy with it.

the best of the drier weather, however, into the far north—east.

planet. this technology is making that less of a gamble.

this is bbc news. i'm arunoday mukharji. our top stories: thumping. applause. delegates at the un climate conferenc in egypt agree a major deal on climate change and call for a rapid cut in emissions. fifa's president hits back at western critics of qatar's human rights record, accusing them of hypocrisy. for what we europeans have been doing in the last 3000 years around the world, we should be apologising for the next 3000 years before starting to give moral lessons. malaysia's general election results are in but for the first time ever there's no outright winner.