hello this is bbc news. the headlines... delegates at the un climate conference in egypt agree a major deal on climate change. however, there's been criticism that the overall plan lacks ambition. the president of last year's cop summit, alok sharma spoke of his disappointment. i said in glasgow that the pulse of 1.5 degrees was weak. unfortunately, it remains on life support. the first ever world cup to be held in the middle east kicks off later today. the hosts qatar will play ecuador this afternoon. malaysia's general election results are in, but for the first time ever there's no outright winner.

donald trump's twitter account is reinstated after a public poll sees 52% of voters back the former us president's return. the housing secretary, michael gove, has written to every council and social housing provider in england, to warn that deaths like that of two—year—old awaab ishak must "never be allowed to happen again". now on bbc news, click. as cop27 winds up in egypt, this week, we will look at some of the latest tech that is trying to clean up our planet. we will muster up a mass of moss that is mopping up the mess in the air. that's easy for you to say. we will find out if hydrogen can

do the heavy lifting. and check out our latest merch. and if you don't like the band, don't worry, the logo comes back off. once again the leaders of the world have been coming together in an effort to fight climate change. as cop27 comes to a close in egypt, campaigners and climate scientists are warning some key commitments aimed at securing the future of the planet are at risk. in the years since cop26 happened here in glasgow, there has been a lot of criticism that the event was all talk and no action. change is not going to come from inside there, that is not leadership. this is leadership. these un climate summits bring together thousands of delegates from government, science and pressure groups from around the world. the aim is to provide the support for all countries to be able to reduce their carbon emissions, and deal with any issues

that climate change will inevitably cause. the world is warming because of emissions produced by burning fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal. yep, global temperatures are heading towards 1.5 celsius above preindustrial levels, and if they go to 1.8 celsius, scientists warn that half the world's population could be exposed to life—threatening heat and humidity. climate scientists have warned that change needs to come from the top, from governments and companies. but science and innovation will play an important part. yeah, so this week, we're going to look at some of the latest green ideas. and first off... take a deep breath. breathes. if you live in the green, it is easy to forget what life is like in the grey. the air literally can smell sweeter, and it is definitely cleaner. the world health organization says air pollution poses a major threat

to health and climate, and it kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide every year. now, we are not all going to move back to nature, but what if we could bring nature into the cities? just outside berlin, this company is trying to freshen up our urban air. this is a biofilter, which is sucking air in through the bottom and pumping it back out through this wall of moss. to illustrate that, we have got a smoke machine from the local discotheque and if i just show you, there you go, it going in through the bottom and out through the moss. and what happens to the air as it comes back out through the moss is where the magic happens. moss eats pollution. it sticks to its tiny leaves, it is absorbed, digested and then is turned into more moss. so, as fans draw dirty air in,

the bad stuff is left on the moss�* leaves, leaving cleaner air to flow back out. the idea of using moss�* natural filtering properties came to the founder after he went for a jog. i was in shanghai and i did a lot of exercise outdoors to get in shape, i would go for a run and after i think two or three months i started to have difficulty breathing. and that is when i thought maybe i caught the flu, maybe i caught a cold, and it kept on lasting until the point i really left china, left shanghai and went back to germany. and only after i came back i realised, hey, there is definitely a connection to the air quality in china and my personal health. that is when it clicked and i realised i have to do something about the air quality in cities. for the past eight years, green city solutions have been growing moss up to 15 times faster than nature. each moss mat takes just

under 12 weeks to grow, and i have to say there is something very soothing about being in their greenhouse. do you just come in here and stroke the moss? laughs. when i am stressed! laughs. the thing about moss is this plant doesn't have roots, so it can capture nutrients through the leaves, or the leaves�* surface. so you can imagine other plants, it takes the nutrients from the earth, but this moss, it can capture everything. the second thing is, like every plant, moss can absorb co2 because it needs for photosynthesis for the energy, but the density of the moss is pretty high so we need a high surface area to capture as much as possible. now we're going to take a sample. i can do it? for sure. ok, let's tweeze some moss. i've got some.

perfect. now we can have a look under the microscope. there we go. and it is in the lab where we will get to see moss�* superpower. the plant acts a lot like a human lung, whose high surface area can absorb a lot of the air in one go. and just like the lungs of a smoker, which end up getting blackened by tar, moss could act like the lungs of a city, eventually being covered in the stuff that we don't want to breathe. this is from one of our active products. and the black bits are the... exactly. this is the fine dust of particles from polluted air. and these are the green cells and it means that the moss is still healthy because it is green. they are pretty powerful, really. moss fan. yeah, iam, somehow! laughs.

as well as pulling pollutants out of the air, there is another advantage to these biofilter�*s as well. here is a piece of moss and here is a thermal imaging camera and you can see the temperature is about room temperature. but when i point this at the air that is coming out of the moss when you switch the ventilation on, look how much cooler it is. so not only does this clean the air, it cools it as well. and of course, pulling pollutants out of the atmosphere could help cool more than just your local surroundings. air pollution and climate change are also directly related. you have pollutants in air pollution, for example black carbon, which speed up the heating of the planet. and by binding those pollutants, we also help to decelerate climate change. you will already see these biofilters in several cities around the world. although you might not have realised that you are sitting in front of a load of moss. and to make sure the moss is as effective and long—lived as possible, the health of each moss

map can be monitored from ho. an algorithm can control irrigation based on the conditions. in the future, i would envision that many buildings and the facades of the buildings would be covered in our solutions, and of course you could also have motorways, large stretches, you could use our moss filters to clean and cool the air and it may be protected from noise. moss on its own won't solve the climate crisis, but in amongst the talk of inventing greener technologies, it may be worth taking a lead from something that has been right under our feet the whole time. after all, nature has been regulating the environment for much longer than we have been disrupting it. moss, who would have thought it could be so useful, the lungs of a city! nature's natural filter. as companies try to reduce their carbon footprint and their impact on the climate, there are lots of different

things they could try. you could change your manufacturing process, how you transport goods or even move factories, but all of these are big things to do. so you really need to know which is going to work best. how do you do it? answer, get yourself a digital twin. you make a virtual copy of your entire business and try stuff out in that first. alistair keane has been to see the makers of dettol, who are trying to assess whether they can make their new products more sustainable or not. we use these products every day, from cleaning table tops to personal hygiene and health. these brands are made by one company, called reckitt, and the industry to get them from factories to our homes is fast moving and comes with a big impact on the planet. not huge, but important that we look at that carbon footprint and think how we will reduce and decarbonise it. the product carbon footprint, that's everything from raw materials all the way through to people

using products, has to come down by 50% by 2030. that is a longer process, that is where we have to think not just about our factories but the ingredients we use, the packaging we use. to work out how they can make targets, the company is turning to a digital replica of everything they do through a programme called risilience. this is it, this is the digital twin, this is risilience? this is risilience�*s version of different companies. we map them as a digital twin. we are looking at the data from a pretend company, but the programme is bringing together lots of information such as the miles that individual ingredients are shipped, or how much energy each factory uses. it then run lots of scenarios over the company to see how sustainable it is and in the future. we have a large team of analysts who compile a lot of data, forecast out into the future, look at how policies are likely to change in different countries of the world, how taxes are likely to change.

the digital twin is also helping firms map the impact climate change is already having on their operations. this is an example of its factories in the united states, and how they might be subject to future patterns of hurricane risk. and we look at how often it is going to get disrupted, the cost to the business of that particular thing. and then a company can start to make changes in the lavatories here, —— laboratories. they can work on a new product, put it into the programme and find out if it will make a difference? exactly. so that is where we are heading next, safety goggles on as i have been given rare access to the room where the next big thing in cleaning should be on the verge of discovery. and where they are also adjusting existing product lines. we changed one of the agents that now use lactic acid, is plant basil now use lactic acid, is plant based

has a lower carbon footprint. so we looked up what risilience was telling us about where our carbon footprints and may be carbon tax in the future will affect us, and we thought, what are the ingredients we can change? and by moving to lower carbon ingredients, things like lactic acid which is developed from fermenting maize we were able to reduce the carbon footprint, and that means it is set up for the future, low carbon, low—water economy. reckitt are not the only ones turning to this tech. there are estimates the market for digital twins could be worth billions of dollars over the next decade. but having all the data on sustainability is one thing— companies need to act on it. i think when a lot of people think about big companies on sustainability, they probably roll their eyes, because big companies are out to make money. what is the balance there between being more sustainable and still bringing pounds in? the key here is how we can decarbonise and still grow. if we can achieve our ambition to be net zero by 20110,

we can grow as well and that decouples those two topics. it could be years before we know if decisions companies are making now will really help the planet. this tech is making that a little bit less of a gamble. that was alistair, and now it is time for a look at this week's tech news. google has agreed to pay nearly $400 million to settle a privacy case. it had been accused by a0 american states of misleading users into believing location tracking was switched off. the search engine says the claim was based on policies that changed years ago. ride hailing app uber says it expects people to keep using it, even as their budgets get squeezed. the firm is branching out to let users book trains and buses in the app. it also told the bbc more drivers have joined them. for uber, potentially we can serve those needs of those customers who decide to no longer have their own car but use uber instead. and actually in tough economic

times, to me that makes total sense. meanwhile food delivery app deliveroo says it is quitting australia because of tough economic conditions. the country's government has been putting pressure on companies to improve gig workers�* conditions. and... animal crossing's first e—ecycling centre! and in a bid to help people reduce e—waste, intel has created a land in the game animal crossing to help educate us on how to recycle old tech. the firm says electronic waste is rising three times faster than the world's population. the steam train — first built in 180a. it made real travel cheap, and suddenly everything seemed much closer to home. industry rolled on, and by the 1960s, electric and diesel trains had replaced steam.

and today, around the world most high—speed trains are powered by electricity. at the historic bo�*ness and kinneil railway, engineers have also moved on from the past and into technologies of the future, where they are working towards cleaner rail travel. and this — this is the little train that could be powered by hydrogen. the train itself is not new. instead, this is where old technology meets new, and a test of where hydrogen power might be a viable option on our railways. the technology beneath my feet is relatively new for the railway, but one of the interesting things about this project is that this train is actually quite old, built in 1979, and it has been retrofitted to run on hydrogen. so, what was a class 314 headed for the scrapheap is now a class 614 hydrogen—powered train.

the hydrogen is stored in tanks underneath the carriages along with the hydrogen fuel cell, which converts the hydrogen back to electricity which powers the train. all that is emitted is steam and water. the hydrogen needed to power the train is made on site. electricity from renewable sources is used to split water, creating hydrogen. that is then compressed, compressed again, and then stored, ready for refuelling the train. but if most of the uk rail network is electrified, what part will hydrogen play? some commentators say that hydrogen is actually a bit of a distraction — what we should be focusing on is fully electrifying our railway lines. so, if you have a route where you can't do overheard electrification, and the route is too long or too demanding, or there isn't a time to charge, or the infrastructure to charge to run a battery train, then the hydrogen train fills that gap. you can get a range approach

in diesel, you can refuel very quickly, and you can transport hydrogen in multiple ways. so, the hydrogen train fulfils some operational requirements you can't meet with other approaches. it is not the only area of transport looking to use this element. aberdeen is a city built on oil and gas, but it's now home to the first hydrogen—powered double—decker buses in the world. how does this work? what we have... watch your head. in total, holding 25kg of hygiene. they will pump the hydrogen down to the fuel cell, down here, it mixes with fresh air, and in the process, what we end up with is getting electricity that comes out. this electricity gets sent to a battery, and then goes to a battery controller, just the same as an electric vehicle. to get these clean and green buses from a to b, hydrogen refuelling stations were set up around aberdeen. it is just like filling the bus with diesel.

instead, the pumps are stocked with hydrogen. when do you think diesel is consigned to the carriages of history, and the majority of your fleet are running on renewable products? five, ten years. definitely, i think it's... i mean, certainly, for us as a group, we will not be buying any more diesel buses in the future. it will be electric or gas or hydrogen buses. thank you, driver. but it is notjust buses looking to hydrogen as a fuel of the future. this is the first of its kind, zero—emission hydrogen—electric hgv, which runs off renewable electricity, and like the hydrogen buses, water is its only waste. in the hgv sector, we are seeing that hydrogen is the only technology that is able to give the long—range, the heavy payloads and the quick refuelling time. if you think about what we currently do, which is drive around with flammable liquid in our cars, with small explosions

going on around our knees and a tank of flammable liquid behind us, hydrogen is safer because these tanks a very solid. they have got triple—layer carbon—fibre reinforced, so there is a place for hydrogen in transport. if we continue at our current rate, scientists estimate our fossil fuels will be burnt out by 2060. we know the way we travel must change, and we can no longer rely on non—renewable energy sources to fuel our way of life. with hydrogen and electric—hybrid set to be the future, clean solutions are here to stay. that was laura... in my coat! i noticed that actually. have we got a uniform now? did i miss a memo? yep, that's right. anyway, talking of coats, or more generally clothing, we talked in the past about the problems with fast fashion. these are clothes that are so cheap they kind of feel disposable.

we have seen in new ways of people being able to recycle fabrics, but this week we are taking a look at a problem that i for one did not even know existed, but luckily, shiona mccallum has found the solution. we know that fashion hurts the earth. more than 92 million tonnes of textile waste is created every year. recycling is possible, but chemical dyes and prints often prevent this. if you are anything like me and buy merch every time you go to a gig, then you may have loads of band t—shirts, but sometimes your musical tastes do change, and you are stuck with these logos forever. well, one team here in gothenburg are trying to change that. the idea is that they print the t—shirts, strip them back and reprint them so they can be used again, again and again. the start—up, called vividye, is not changing traditional fabric inks... i will get you a lab coat. ..instead it has developed a layer

that goes onto the fabric first, made from entirely earth—friendly ingredients. this can be dissolved away later, allowing the top design to be removed. what is the cool tech that goes into creating this perfect recipe? it is all about a balance, and trying to find a sweet spot for both the functionality and as well the stability, and then we look into the viscosity of it, we look at the chart of our components, we study the films that we create through microscope, as well as the textiles that we are applying the print to. is there any waste products at all here? when we want to try something, we create the volume necessary for what we're trying. the mix is applied as an industrial partner, where it is easily brought into screen printing process. hi! welcome! welcome to sweden and gothenburg. thank you so much. i think you have a surprise

in store for me? yes, i do. today we're actually going to print a click band t—shirt. exciting. i am really looking forward to seeing how it all works. let's get started. the final result is here. i love it. how could i ever want this to be removed? use it as long as possible and then remove it. just for you guys, i am going to take this t—shirt back to the lab and see if the technology can completely remove the logo. right now, this means putting the t—shirt in a bowl with a removable chemical, which is then treated at high temperatures and left for about an hour. afterwards, there is a secret technique in getting the print to physically come off, and this should get better as the recipe and the process is fine tuned.

you can see we have some traces left. so, the click band logo has gone, and i can only see a few speckles are pink. pretty good job. i mean, i reckon you could print on top of that and you would not notice. no. and this would be good for recycling, would it? this is definitely good for recycling. which is the main point — so it will not end up in landfill along with traditionally inked—up garments. and another test, processed more precisely without the delays of us messing about filming, has come up even cleaner. you can get it more or less completely off. we are sure 100% sure about that, yeah. but wearers are not expected to strip the tees at home. the printing companies use our technology, people get to use the print and the textile, and then we take it back. with several large european partners already developing their own garments, there is clearly an appetite for closing this circle. with more than 100 billion

items made each year, it has never been more important to make all textiles recyclable. and i did keep one of thesejust for my next gig though. shiona there, and that's it for this look at some of the latest innovations that are hoping to tackle climate change. yeah, it's going to take much more than those to make a dent on temperatures, but whenever we see something that we think is promising, we will make sure that you see it too. thanks for watching. we will see you soon. bye— bye. hello. many had more rain through the night. that's still filtering into the river systems and we still have flood warnings in force. more details on that and the weather

warnings on the website. since there are more showers to come today, even once the main rain clears away, it will linger in orkney. the showers could be quite heavy and we have more rain to come this week. this is the predicted rainfall over the next four or five days and you can see that most areas are going to see some rain, particularly southern and western areas initially. but by the end of the week, many parts could have another 30 to 40 millimetres of rainfall. as for the rest of the day, you've still got that rain just sitting across orkneyjust dragging its heels to clear aberdeenshire. heavy showers with hail and thunder behind and blustery winds as well, making it feel quite chilly. in fact, the air is chillier out and about today, cold enough for some snow on the very tops of the mountains in northern parts of england and scotland as well. so nine to 11 in the south. so as i say some blustery showers around, though, which continue through this evening and initially overnight but then they fade away. and before dawn we get more rain pushing back into the south west to northern ireland as well,

but ahead of that, a cold night. so we'll have some frost and some fog issues first thing for the morning commute on monday morning — the fog taking a wee while to clear away. and then we've got the rain and wind to contend with potentially in southern and western areas. yes, if this area of low pressure does develop, we could have some very lively winds and gales across southern and western areas nudging that rain northwards into the rest of england and wales across northern ireland. the question mark is how far north it will travel during the day on monday. but for many further south, another 20 to 30 millimetres of rain and not feeling particularly pleasant. still chilly in the north, even with the showers and cold enough for some snow over the hills. and that's because we're tapping in to this cold air setting across scandinavia through the next couple of days. the weather front swinging north and coming into that colder air. and it will give a smattering of snow over the hills, mostly from showers in the north, perhaps a quieter day on tuesday in terms of bands of rain, it's more likely to be a showery day for most of us.

still chilly, particularly in the north. but there are more weather fronts waiting in the wings towards the south west, which means that the outlook for the week ahead is still an unsettled one. temperatures do rise later in the week.

this is bbc news with the latest headlines: delegates at the un climate conference in egypt agree a major deal on climate change. however there's been criticism that the overall plan lacks ambition. the president of last year's cop summit, alok sharma spoke of his disappointment. friends, i said in glasgow that the pulse of 1.5 degrees was weak. unfortunately, it remains on life support. the first ever world cup to be held in the middle east kicks off later today. the hosts qatar will play ecuador this afternoon. malaysia's general election results are in — but for the first time ever there's no outright winner. donald trump's twitter account is reinstated after a public poll sees 52% of voters back the former us president's return.

the housing secretary, michael gove, has written to every