this is bbc news, the headlines: the us government has banned the sale of new telecommunications equipment from five chinese companies, expressing concerns about national security. it follows earlier restrictions which prevented one of the companies in question, huawei, from supplying equipment to federal agencies amid concerns it could be used for spying. the governor of the recently—liberated city of kherson in southern ukraine says hospital patients are being evacuated because of constant russian shelling. a residential building and a school playground had been targeted in recent missile strikes. he said some children had been taken to other towns and cities. in world cup football, england have been held to a goalless draw

with the united states. they'll go through to the last 16 if they can avoid a defeat to wales in their next match. as will the us if they beat iran, who beat wales 2—0. scientists in the united states say they've made a breakthrough in the fight against flu by designing a vaccine against all known strains. it raises hopes for the development of a universal flu vaccine. our medical editor fergus walsh explains. we are locked in a perpetual war against the constantly changing flu virus. every year scientists have to make an educated guess as to which strains will be circulating. this winter's flu vaccine protects against four strains of flu including h1n1, which triggered the swine flu pandemic, and h3n2, the most common strain globally.

now scientists in the united states have developed a vaccine against all 20 known a and b strains. the vaccine gave broad protection in animal trials using mice and ferrets. the vaccine was created using the same mrna technology as deployed in the pfizer—biontech and moderna covid jabs. it contains instructions to our cells to produce the different spike proteins on the surface of the virus. so why does this matter? a universal flu vaccine would not give perfect protection, and we would probably need a newjab each winter — but it could prime the immune system against every potential flu threat. so, blunting the impact of any new pandemic. we have seen over the course of history the influence of viruses do cause pandemics every ten or 20 years and when that next pandemic strain hits us, we hope that this kind of vaccine, if given before a pandemic

will again provide a level of immunity that will keep us out of hospitals, keep us from dying of these new pandemic strains. some flu pandemics are comparatively mild. swine flu in 2009 caused around 500,000 deaths worldwide but previous flu pandemics have been far more serious — especially spanish flu after the first world war which may have killed between 50—100 million people. human trials of this universal flu vaccine are likely to begin next year. the same mrna technology holds promise in many otherfields including developing treatment vaccines for cancer. fergus walsh reporting. now on bbc news, talking movies�* charlie chaplin special.

now what distinguished visitor is arriving on this train that so many are waiting for? charlie chaplin was the biggest, most popular icon in the 20th— biggest, most popular icon in the 20th century. the biggest, most popular icon in the 20th century.— biggest, most popular icon in the 20th century. the man who aives the 20th century. the man who gives london — the 20th century. the man who gives london bobby _ the 20th century. the man who gives london bobby is - the 20th century. the man who gives london bobby is a - the 20th century. the man who gives london bobby is a battle | gives london bobby is a battle with yes, _ gives london bobby is a battle with yes, charlie _ gives london bobby is a battle with yes, charlie chaplin. - gives london bobby is a battle with yes, charlie chaplin. he. with yes, charlie chaplin. he was with yes, charlie chaplin. was completely with yes, charlie chaplin.- was completely unprecedented. whatever is effective, dramatic and arresting as far as the public, _ and arresting as far as the public, the main object is to entertain. public, the main ob'ect is to mutant public, the main ob'ect is to entertain. chaplin showed us that comedy _ entertain. chaplin showed us that comedy could _ entertain. chaplin showed us that comedy could be - entertain. chaplin showed us that comedy could be great, | that comedy could be great, comedy— that comedy could be great, comedy could _ that comedy could be great, comedy could encompass i that comedy could be great, - comedy could encompass tragedy as welt _ comedy could encompass tragedy as welt he— comedy could encompass tragedy as well. . ., ., , as well. he had a really appalling _ as well. he had a really appalling childhood. . as well. he had a reallyl appalling childhood. you as well. he had a really - appalling childhood. you could laugh at him, but you can also feel for him.— feel for him. chaplin on film talked about _ feel for him. chaplin on film talked about the _ feel for him. chaplin on film talked about the eternal - talked about the eternal problems. that is why his films are so— problems. that is why his films are so successful. in problems. that is why his films are so successful.— are so successful. in today's talkin: are so successful. in today's talking movies, _ are so successful. in today's talking movies, how - are so successful. in today's talking movies, how charlie| talking movies, how charlie chaplin became the most famous movie star in the world. from very difficult beginnings, we

trace his career over the decades, starting in the silent error in the uk, through his frenetic years in america, before he settled into a life in exile in switzerland. hello from the cinema museum in london. i'm tom brook, and welcome to our talking movies charlie chaplin special. his was a tremendous rags to riches story. he was the first truly global media superstar, and had a major and lasting impact on 20th—century cinema. in an age where many hollywood studio films feel stale and lifeless, chaplin's work remains vibrant. we can learn from him. to watch his 1931 movie city lights, particularly the ending, is to be enthralled by one of the most magical moments in cinema. it involves a florist who had been blind in the past, and had mistaken chaplin's character for a wealthy man. she has now

regained her site and sees him for who he really is — the tramp. he recognises her, she doesn't at first realise it is him. she looks into his face, and he looks back at her. it is such a wonderful moment of acting on film craft, it's also incredibly romantic. at, incredibly romantic. a characteristic wave of the charlie _ characteristic wave of the charlie chaplin walking sticks, and charlie chaplin walking sticks, ahd sir— charlie chaplin walking sticks, and sir charles chaplin emerges from _ and sir charles chaplin emerges from buckingham palace. charlie chalin's from buckingham palace. charlie chaplin's career _ from buckingham palace. charlie chaplin's career spanned - from buckingham palace. charlie chaplin's career spanned more . chaplin's career spanned more than 75 years. i5 chaplin's career spanned more than 75 yeas-— than 75 years. is it to be sir charles or _ than 75 years. is it to be sir charles or sir _ than 75 years. is it to be sir charles or sir charlie? - than 75 years. is it to be sir charles or sir charlie? justl charles or sir charlie? just charles- — charles or sir charlie? just charles. he _ charles or sir charlie? just charles. he starred - charles or sir charlie? just charles. he starred in - charles or sir charlie? justj charles. he starred in over charles or sir charlie? just - charles. he starred in over 80 films. charles. he starred in over 80 film he _ charles. he starred in over 80 films. he changed _ charles. he starred in over 80 films. he changed the - charles. he starred in over 80 films. he changed the face . charles. he starred in over 80 films. he changed the face of| films. he changed the face of cinema forever.— cinema forever. how do you intend to — cinema forever. how do you intend to spend _ cinema forever. how do you intend to spend the - cinema forever. how do you intend to spend the rest - cinema forever. how do you intend to spend the rest of.

intend to spend the rest of your— intend to spend the rest of your day, _ intend to spend the rest of your day, celebrating? - intend to spend the rest of your day, celebrating? well, aet your day, celebrating? well, get drunk- — your day, celebrating? well, get drunk- i— your day, celebrating? well, get drunk. i am _ your day, celebrating? well, get drunk. i am here - your day, celebrating? well, get drunk. i am here in - your day, celebrating? well, get drunk. i am here in the l get drunk. i am here in the neighbourhood _ get drunk. i am here in the neighbourhood of - get drunk. i am here in the . neighbourhood of kennington, where as it happens, charlie chaplin spent some of his difficult formative years. in fact, this museum was once part of a complex that housed a workhouse where charlie chaplin was a resident. but the hardship that he endured as a young man was put to good use ljy young man was put to good use by him in his later years, in terms of how he used cinema to tell stories. a genius, a multimillionaire, an icon. all words that would eventually be used to describe the boy who was born charles spencer chaplinjunior. there spencer chaplin junior. there is no spencer chaplinjunior. there is no official record of his birth in london in 1889, but it is believed the young chaplin was born here in east street in what was one of south london's poorest areas. increased

industrialisation and widespread poverty meant it was easy to get left behind. he widespread poverty meant it was easy to get left behind.— easy to get left behind. he had a really appalling childhood. i a really appalling childhood. his father was an alcoholic. and he drifted in and out of their lives, and his mother had mental illness and she would have regular nervous breakdowns.- have regular nervous breakdowns. , ., , breakdowns. he was brought up breakdowns. he was brought up by basically _ breakdowns. he was brought up by basically a — breakdowns. he was brought up by basically a single _ breakdowns. he was brought up by basically a single mother, . by basically a single mother, he and — by basically a single mother, he and his half—brother sidney. when _ he and his half—brother sidney. when she — he and his half—brother sidney. when she could look after him his brother, they often went into— his brother, they often went into workhouses like the building we are in right now was — building we are in right now wasa— building we are in right now was a workhouse where charlie chaplin — was a workhouse where charlie chaplin stayed. and these early experiences clearly never left him — experiences clearly never left him. �* ., experiences clearly never left him. ., �*, , him. both of chaplin's parents were musical _ him. both of chaplin's parents were musical entertainers. - him. both of chaplin's parents| were musical entertainers. and it is said that he had his first experience on stage at the age of five when he sang a song as a replacement for his mother when she was unable to perform. as a friend of chaplin's mother recalls, they desperate times. she chaplin's mother recalls, they desperate times.— desperate times. she used to come to my _ desperate times. she used to come to my place _ desperate times. she used to come to my place every - desperate times. she used to i come to my place every sunday, and charlie would come and have tea with me. she got a little

bit of a sandwich, she was very poon bit of a sandwich, she was very poor, you know. a little sam lodge that she is able to him to take home. she thought he didn't get enough to eat. —— sandwich. didn't get enough to eat. -- sandwich-— didn't get enough to eat. -- sandwich. ., , , ., sandwich. performing seems to be his only _ sandwich. performing seems to be his only constant _ sandwich. performing seems to be his only constant and - sandwich. performing seems to be his only constant and he - be his only constant and he achieved some degree of success at the age of ten as part of a touring clog dancing troupe called the eight lancashire labs. it called the eight lancashire labs. . , , called the eight lancashire labs. , ., labs. it was definitely about makin: labs. it was definitely about making ends _ labs. it was definitely about making ends meet, - labs. it was definitely about making ends meet, feeding | making ends meet, feeding yourself. but he was talented, he was recognised in his 12 or 13 years on the west end stage. he plays a dog, and this wasn't in the script but he lifted his leg and the whole audience laughed. this kind of defined his comedy in some ways. because if you want chaplin, when he enters the scene, he immediately does a bit of business. something that is funny. and i think that comes from a sense of maybe desperation is not the right word, but anxiety and understanding about comedy, but

also lying underneath chaplin's comedy is this prokaryotic, this sense of, it could all end. and the wolf is at the door. —— clarity —— precariousness. door. -- clarity -- recariousness. . , ., precariousness. chaplin found success with _ precariousness. chaplin found success with a _ precariousness. chaplin found success with a performance i success with a performance group which took him to america. group which took him to america-— group which took him to america. ., , ., ._ america. there was no way he could resist _ america. there was no way he could resist going _ america. there was no way he could resist going to _ america. there was no way he could resist going to america. | could resist going to america. he didn't initially think of film is something to him, but the idea of moving to the movies would offer him a new kind of life, i think that is what really appealed to him. his salary and surroundings may have altered dramatically, chaplin's imperative —— impoverished youth left a lasting impression on him. it gave him a keen understanding of the common man, as well as empathy for the underdog. themes that would become central to some of his greatest works.

around the world, charlie chaplin connected emotionally with his hands through the tramp, his baggy trousered street incarnation that first appeared in 1914. it was a creation very much linked to his troubled youth. the tramp is really important _ his troubled youth. the tramp is really important part - his troubled youth. the tramp is really important part of- his troubled youth. the tramp is really important part of the | is really important part of the chaplin persona. he had obviously grown up in south london in very trying circumstances, very serious poverty and he had also grown up poverty and he had also grown up with the musical. so he had known about all the different characters, in fact one of his earliest popular characters was actually an aristocrat who would drink and swell and toss, but when he created the tramp persona he immediately went to someone that was visually arresting and already very

popular in american culture, sort of vaudeville comedy acts. and it allows him to express a lot of what he felt about the world as well as being a clown, is also putting himself there as the underdog, the everyman, the port of one character from society. the port of one character from socie . . , , , society. the tramp is funny, ou can society. the tramp is funny, you can laugh _ society. the tramp is funny, you can laugh at— society. the tramp is funny, you can laugh at him, - society. the tramp is funny, you can laugh at him, but. society. the tramp is funny, l you can laugh at him, but you can also— you can laugh at him, but you can also feel for him. there is something _ can also feel for him. there is something pathetic about the tramo — something pathetic about the tramp. that tramp figure, which wasn't _ tramp. that tramp figure, which wasn't new. _ tramp. that tramp figure, which wasn't new, he brought to it through— wasn't new, he brought to it through cinema a chance for the audience — through cinema a chance for the audience to feel like they are all part— audience to feel like they are all part of one thing, and escape _ all part of one thing, and escape from their own lives. the — escape from their own lives. the character of the tramp was a truly beloved international figure. it helped propel chaplin to being the world's first megastar. the adoration was visible just over 100 years ago when he returned to london for the first time after nine years in america. he was mobbed wherever he went.— wherever he went. charlie cha - lin

wherever he went. charlie chaplin almost _ wherever he went. charlie i chaplin almost immediately becomes the biggest international star that the film world had known and therefore anyone had known to that point, because he seemed like a real man in front of you and he had a level of pain and immediately to his audience that was completely unprecedented. —— famous. the unprecedented. -- famous. the film industry — unprecedented. -- famous. the film industry is _ unprecedented. —— famous. the film industry is becoming gtobat _ film industry is becoming global. so he is notjust paputar_ global. so he is notjust popular with american audiences, he is popularwith european _ audiences, he is popularwith european audiences, ultimately with world audiences. and he is popular— with world audiences. and he is paputar in — with world audiences. and he is popular in that way because his comedy— popular in that way because his comedy can be seen by everyone in the _ comedy can be seen by everyone in the world. not until elvis do you _ in the world. not until elvis do you get a kind of popularity on that— do you get a kind of popularity on that level.— on that level. and chaplin worship — on that level. and chaplin worship continues - on that level. and chaplin worship continues to - on that level. and chaplin worship continues to this| on that level. and chaplin - worship continues to this day, albeit on a smaller scale. i do like the way _ albeit on a smaller scale. i do like the way he _ albeit on a smaller scale. i if like the way he transformed cinema, starting with silent movies, but what i appreciate the most is how much of a philosopher is and how much he had to say to the world. bill had to say to the world. all his films — had to say to the world. all his films are _ had to say to the world. all his films are just great, for every— his films are just great, for every age. i think even for

kids — every age. i think even for kids he _ every age. i think even for kids. he has done such a lot of things. — kids. he has done such a lot of things. and _ kids. he has done such a lot of things, and he came from the bottom — things, and he came from the bottom and goes to the top. with— bottom and goes to the top. with chaplin you have the humble _ with chaplin you have the humble guy— with chaplin you have the humble guy on _ with chaplin you have the humble guy on the - with chaplin you have the humble guy on the street| with chaplin you have the - humble guy on the street and also _ humble guy on the street and also the — humble guy on the street and also the greatest _ humble guy on the street and also the greatest star- humble guy on the street and also the greatest star in - humble guy on the street and also the greatest star in the l also the greatest star in the world, — also the greatest star in the world, and _ also the greatest star in the world, and he _ also the greatest star in the world, and he sometimes. also the greatest star in the - world, and he sometimes makes people _ world, and he sometimes makes people realise _ world, and he sometimes makes people realise that _ world, and he sometimes makes people realise that they- world, and he sometimes makes people realise that they have - people realise that they have some — people realise that they have some greatness _ people realise that they have some greatness inside - people realise that they have j some greatness inside them. people realise that they have i some greatness inside them. i have some greatness inside them. have often wondered how some greatness inside them.“ have often wondered how charlie chaplin felt when he first set footin chaplin felt when he first set foot in america. here in new york city 110 years ago, he wrote of his early impressions in his autobiography. and at first he wasn't taken with the country. but he describes how one evening, during the month of october, he took a walk on broadway in this neighbourhood where i am standing right now, and his attitude began to change. he said "the meaning of america came to me, that all skyscrapers, the brilliant lights, a dazzling displays of advertisements, stirred me with hope and a sense of adventure. i said this is it, this is where i belong". america, where

chaplin lived for some 40 years until 1952, chaplin lived for some 40 years until1952, brought chaplin lived for some 40 years until 1952, brought him both great fortune and great difficulty. first and foremost, it provided him with an arena in which he could make his films. all his best movies were made in his prolific american years. he had his own studio, he did everything, he wrote, directed, produced and starred in his movies. and he composed the music. in his movies. and he composed the music-— the music. charlie chaplin clearly had _ the music. charlie chaplin clearly had this _ the music. charlie chaplin clearly had this great - the music. charlie chaplin i clearly had this great talent as a stage performer, once he starts getting involved in film he realised there are so many other roles and he has this perfectionist streak. you can't indulge a perfectionist streak without taking control of almost everything, so whenever he got offered anything from producer it was, i would like to direct, and i would like to produce. he wanted to have his own studio. he was a self—taught musician. he composed scores for films he had already made, wanted everything to be done exactly as he wanted it to be done. and it is hard to argue with the

results. and how do you view him in terms of what he pedalled in his films? do you see him as a political filmmaker?— political filmmaker? charlie cha - lin, political filmmaker? charlie chaplin. his _ political filmmaker? charlie chaplin, his background - political filmmaker? charlie | chaplin, his background and concerns, command —— he can't help but be political even when help but be political even when he is trying not to be. as the films go on he developed an interest in certain themes that have more political resonance. start thinking about the rights of workers in capitalism, he starts thinking about the speed of the machine age and how that affects people. he starts thinking about the war. it all culminates with the great dictator, one of the most bold political statements a comedian has ever put on film. brute political statements a comedian has ever put on film.— has ever put on film. we all want to help one _ has ever put on film. we all want to help one another. l has ever put on film. we all - want to help one another. human beings _ want to help one another. human beings are — want to help one another. human beings are like that. i want to live by— beings are like that. i want to live by intel upon my happiness, not misery. we don't want _ happiness, not misery. we don't want to— happiness, not misery. we don't want to hate and despise one another~ _ want to hate and despise one another. in this world there is room — another. in this world there is room for— another. in this world there is room for everyone, and the good earth _ room for everyone, and the good earth is _ room for everyone, and the good earth is rich _ room for everyone, and the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. a way of life can be free — for everyone. a way of life can be free and beautiful. but we have — be free and beautiful. but we have lost _ be free and beautiful. but we have lost the way.—

have lost the way. one of his most celebrated _ have lost the way. one of his most celebrated films - have lost the way. one of his most celebrated films was i have lost the way. one of his | most celebrated films was the great dictator, a satire of adolf hitler and it illustrates chaplin's brand of humanist politics. in the film's final speech you hear rousing words, words you only wish today's medical leaders might utter. do not medical leaders might utter. drr not despair. the misery now passing of grade, the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. the hate of manuel passed and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people, and so long as men die, liberty will never perish. despite his popularity, or maybe because of it, chaplin began to lose favour in certain quarters in america at a time when the country was going through about organic —— anti—communist paranoia in the 19505 anti—communist paranoia in the 1950s with the so—called red scare. with fears that communists were lurking everywhere. chaplin stood told—he wasn't overtly political but his focus in his films on the underdog made him

a target. films on the underdog made him a tarret. ., , films on the underdog made him a tarret. .,, ., films on the underdog made him ataraet. ., ., films on the underdog made him a tarret. .,, ., ., ., a target. there was a lot of hostility — a target. there was a lot of hostility towards _ a target. there was a lot of hostility towards people . a target. there was a lot of. hostility towards people who were communist in the american film industry, chaplin was targeted as one of those people and although the investigation into his political beliefs didn't go very far, they were able to pin lots of crimes on him by following his liaisons with a young woman, and that is what they used to say he was not a suitable person to stay in america. he not a suitable person to stay in america-— not a suitable person to stay in america. he got a telegram sa in: in america. he got a telegram saying his _ in america. he got a telegram saying his visa _ in america. he got a telegram saying his visa had _ in america. he got a telegram saying his visa had been - saying his visa had been remote _ saying his visa had been remote. it was at the height of the mccarthy era, plenty of careers, _ the mccarthy era, plenty of careers, especially in show business, their careers were being — business, their careers were being ruined because they were seen _ being ruined because they were seen as— being ruined because they were seen as belonging to the communist party. chaplin had been — communist party. chaplin had been the _ communist party. chaplin had been the subject of fbi investigations since the 19205. those — investigations since the 19205. those were inve5tigation5 since the 19205. those were the official reasons. but i think the way reason5. but i think the way that— reasons. but i think the way that his _ reasons. but i think the way that his comedy wa5 that his comedy was constructed, to evoke empathy and sympathy for those who are less fortunate than the middle class, — less fortunate than the middle ctass, i— less fortunate than the middle class, i think that was dangerous and i think that is the underlying reason why

chaptin _ the underlying reason why chaplin was exiled. to europe. i chaplin was exiled. to europe. i have — chaplin was exiled. to europe. i have come to switzerland, by lake geneva. 0n i have come to switzerland, by lake geneva. on this estate is where charlie chaplin came to live in 1952 after he left the us. he remained here for 25 years until 1977 when he died. this european chapter of his life was less frenetic than the time he spent in america. he was less prolific as a filmmaker, although he did lead a productive life. to find out more about his latter years here in switzerland, i have come to meet his son eugene, who happens to be the same age as me — born in 1953. chaplin came to vevey with his wife 0ona, daughter of wife eugene o'neill, who he married when 0'neill, who he married when she was 18 in 1943. today the houseis she was 18 in 1943. today the house is part of a bigger enterprise, a museum paying tribute to his life. for

chaplin it was very much at home. his son eugene still lives nearby. what early memories do you have of being here as a very young boy in this house with your family? firstly it was a family house, with eight kids. to me it is difficult to speak about my father alone, difficult to speak about my fatheralone, because difficult to speak about my father alone, because my mother was an important part of our life. my mother ran the house, to make sure that my father could work. usually during the day they didn't want any noise. most of the time we were at school, which was fine, and then my father would be left alone and work in whatever he was working on. do alone and work in whatever he was working on.— alone and work in whatever he was working on. do you think he had regrets _ was working on. do you think he had regrets about _ was working on. do you think he had regrets about not _ was working on. do you think he had regrets about not being - was working on. do you think he had regrets about not being in i had regrets about not being in america, orwas had regrets about not being in america, or was he quite clear about being here and letting go of america? he about being here and letting go of america?— about being here and letting go of america? he missed america very much- _ of america? he missed america very much- every _ of america? he missed america very much. every day _ of america? he missed america very much. every day he - of america? he missed america very much. every day he would l very much. every day he would walk downtown to buy the new

york times, and he would come back and read it in the evening here. and if he saw things that bothered him he would get mad about it. he would read it out to my mother and she would say" oh, charlie, it's ok, don't worry about it". when he came to terms with it was going back to terms with it was going back to america to receive the oscar in the 70s. to america to receive the oscar in the 705. that standing ovation and seeing his friends, he was so touched and happy about that. when he came back here his bitterness towards america left him. find here his bitterness towards america left him. and what about media _ america left him. and what about media coverage - america left him. and what about media coverage of. america left him. and what i about media coverage of your father nowadays. i mean, obviously people are incredibly impressed by his movies, but there is also a lot of focus on his private life. does that bother you?— his private life. does that bother you? his private life. does that bother ou? , , , , bother you? yes, because it is out of context. _ bother you? yes, because it is out of context. i _ bother you? yes, because it is out of context. i think- bother you? yes, because it is out of context. i think it - bother you? yes, because it is out of context. i think it is - out of context. i think it is always easy, you know, to turn around and say oh, he was this, he was that. first people have to realise how young he was when he became a big star. and

has it changed really now, when you see these young stars, how they behave. then of course, this thing about young women, but i think to be fair, a lot of women went to hollywood hoping to be stars, and a lot of mothers were pushing their daughters to go there and to meet someone famous and get married. and live happily ever after kind of thing. in entertainment it has always been like that. my father got enough criticism with the women in his life, but in the end he found the right person. she was much younger than him, but they loved each other during the time they lived together. so there you are.— time they lived together. so there you are. and when you think about _ there you are. and when you think about your _ there you are. and when you think about your father's - think about your father's legacy, how would you describe it? ., , legacy, how would you describe it? ., ~ it? chaplin with film talked about the _ it? chaplin with film talked about the eternal - it? chaplin with film talked | about the eternal problems, showed them again, and that is why his films are still successful, because of themes

not being resolved. they still go on. not being resolved. they still no on. not being resolved. they still . on. ~ not being resolved. they still .oon. ., ., go on. do you think that the tramp can _ go on. do you think that the tramp can be _ go on. do you think that the l tramp can be understandable today's — tramp can be understandable today's young people? gh tramp can be understandable today's young people? oh yes, oh es. today's young people? oh yes, oh yes- it _ today's young people? oh yes, oh yes- it is — today's young people? oh yes, oh yes. it is understandable . today's young people? oh yes, oh yes. it is understandable to | oh yes. it is understandable to me, and i am no mental heavyweight.— heavyweight. indeed, interesting _ heavyweight. indeed, interesting charlie - heavyweight. indeed, - interesting charlie chaplin's has regained currency with the advent of the internet, when many young people now watch his work. did many young people now watch his work. , ., , work. did youtube, interestingly - work. did youtube, i interestingly enough, work. did youtube, - interestingly enough, is very similar to silent cinema. those comedies that chaplin was in, little short pieces. chaplin's comedy was designed for that kind of format. short, gag type comedy, and the restoration of those early films, my students find those things very funny. it is heartening to hear that charlie chaplin is reaching a new generation. in researching him for this programme, my opinion of him grew. i always

knew he excelled technically as an actor and director, but watching his movies, you see him emphasise the importance of love and how we all needed to thrive. he knew how important it was. he seems to have a real grip on understanding the human condition in a way that few other filmmakers condition in a way that few otherfilmmakers do. and condition in a way that few other filmmakers do. and what can chaplin teach today's filmmakers, where movies that are often made here to formula and corporate dictates? chaplin knew how to make meaningful comedy. how to make a connection with the audience? chaplin showed us comedy could be great, comedy could be serious and comedy can encompass tragedy as well. so we do always come back to this charming sentimental eternal underdog figure who occasionally gets one over on authority, but very much often has a sad ending. we understand that sometimes the fighting, the struggle, you don't always get there. and yet he walks off into the sunset and we see him again in the next film.-

again in the next film. what are your _ again in the next film. what are your immediate - again in the next film. what are your immediate plans i again in the next film. what | are your immediate plans for the future _ are your immediate plans for the future now, _ are your immediate plans for the future now, sir— are your immediate plans for the future now, sir charles? | the future now, sir charles? welt, — the future now, sir charles? welt, make _ the future now, sir charles? well, make one _ the future now, sir charles? well, make one more - the future now, sir charles? i well, make one more picture. i always— well, make one more picture. i always say— well, make one more picture. i always say that. well, that brings this charlie chaplin special to a close. we hope you enjoyed the programme. please remember you can always reach us online. and you can find us on twitter. so from me, tom brook, and the rest of the talking movies team here at chaplin's well in switzerland, it's goodbye as we leave you with some classic moments from charlie chaplin's films.

hello. after a turbulent week of weather, many of us had a much drier friday. and there's some dry weather at the end of this forecast, too — but before we get there, more rain to come through the weekend, particularly on saturday, some of it'll be heavy, most of us having a drier day on sunday. and that rain is all tied in with this atlantic system, gradually pushing its way eastwards through saturday, some of that rain is going to be heavy.

also, notice the isobars are close together, so we'll see some gusty winds, especially for western areas. so this is how saturday shapes up — this band of rain gradually pushing north and eastwards, through south—west england, wales, north—west england, western scotland, northern ireland — though drier here through the afternoon, although still likely to see a few heavy showers. further east, best of the sunshine through the morning — in fact, east anglia, south—east england could stay dry for much of the day. north—east england, perhaps, too, but some gusty winds, especially for irish sea coasts and the western isles, those gusts perhaps reaching 45—50mph. but they're south or south—westerly winds, so mild airflooding across the uk, with highs of 11—14 celsius. now through saturday night, we see that band of rain continuing to push its way eastwards — again, some of that will be heavy, the strongest winds extending to eastern coasts. behind it, something clearer across many western areas, though a few showers starting to push in from the west. it will be a very mild night, with temperatures for some holding up to 10—11 celsius, and not much lower than 6—7 at their lowest. so, as we head into sunday, here's our frontal system — but notice how it's lingering very close

to the south—east of england. so we'll keep a hang—back of cloud, and also potentially some outbreaks of rain across parts of south—east england, maybe east anglia, too, through the morning. behind it, for many, some good spells of sunshine, but further showers will be pushing into western areas, and those are likely become quite blustery again with some strong winds for irish sea coasts. the winds should start to ease through the day across eastern areas. not quite as mild as it would have been on saturday, but temperatures still quite widely in double figures for most. and actually, for many, sunday looks to be the drier day of the weekend. and as we head into next week, we actually see this area of high pressure starting to take charge, and just keeping these frontal systems at bay for most of us. so as we move into next week, things are looking mostly dry — although there will be a lot of cloud around, could also see some problems with overnight mist and fog. that's all from me, goodbye.

welcome to bbc news — i'm david eades. our top stories... a matter of national security — new chinese surveillance equipment is banned in the us over concerns it could be used for spying. kherson under attack — hospital patients are evacuated from the recently—liberated ukrainian city after constant russian shelling. world cup frustration for england fans — a 0—0 draw with the usa — but both teams can still progress to the knockout stages in qatar. it's that time of the year — in the us and the uk thousands of retailers offer cut price deals for black friday. are the shoppers buying it?