welcome to newsday, reporting live from singapore, i'm karishma vaswani. the headlines... security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the unprecedented protests taking place against covid lockdowns. one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero covid will end. the british prime minister rishi sunak uses his first major speech on foreign policy to criticise the chinese authorities for what he calls their authoritarian response to the protests. instead of listening to their people's protests, the chinese government has chosen to crack down further, including by

assaulting a bbcjournalist. we'll have expert analysis of the latest situation in china. also on the programme... we have a special report from the phillipines on the increase in the sexual exploitation of children online. warnings of falling ash, as the world's largest active volcano — mauna loa in hawaii — begins erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. and portugal qualify for the knockout stages of the world cup in qatar, with a 2—0 win over uruguay. hello and welcome to the programme. there are reports from china of a heavy police presence

in cities where protests against covid restrictions took place over the weekend. officers were out in force in several areas of the capital, beijing, where protesters had gathered on sunday. over the weekend, protests spread to the country's biggest cities — with some demonstrators calling for president xijin ping to step down. mr xi and the communist party want to eradicate covid — but the zero covid policy is disrupting everyday life and hurting the economy. our china correspondent stephen mcdonell has the latest — i want to warn you — his report contains some flash photography. the chinese capital became the latest city with a demonstration, calling for an end to the country's covid restrictions. the symbol of this movement has become white sheets of paper, with protesters holding them up to signify the way in which people are silenced here by official censorship. they're chanting that strict lockdowns and compulsory testing should stop.

but dissatisfaction with the government's handling of the crisis is also spilling over into calls for press freedom and democracy. translation: we want freedom, not unlimited government power. | we want the rule of law. we don't want the next generation to live in this era of horror. zero—covid in china has meant trying to return each outbreak to zero infections, using strict stay—at—home orders, travel bans and phone apps tracking people's movements. entire cities are sometimes officially locked down or effectively closed with businesses shut. yet covid—19 continues to spread. the country posted record new case numbers over the past five days in a row. last month, the country's leader, xijinping, said there'd be no swerving from the current approach, as he entered a historic third term in power.

now protesters in the south—western city of chengdu are blaming him personally for allowing the covid crisis to continue. they've criticised his lifetime leadership entitlement and said their country doesn't need an emperor. this followed earlier calls in shanghai for xi jinping to step down, and for the communist party to give up power. at the site where protesters clashed with police, barriers have gone up to stop crowds gathering again. passers—by taking photos are being forced to delete them and there's a heavy police process in the area. waves of anger initially spread across china following an apartment block fire in xinjiang last week, which killed ten residents. people have blamed covid restrictions for hampering the access of firefighters and blocking escape routes. the chinese government says this isn't true. translation: forces - with ulterior motives have used social media to link the fire to the zero—covid policy,

but the local government has combated these rumours and smears. either way, these protests have unleashed a discontent which has been not very far below the surface. one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero—covid will end. if the government has a plan, it's not told people what it is, and so the belief that this could go on forever is causing a lot of consternation among the general public. xi jinping's administration has had years to prepare for an eventual opening up, but spent that time telling its citizens how lucky they were to live in china. now there's widespread unrest and it doesn't seem to have a clear way out. stephen mcdonell, bbc news, beijing. rishi sunak — the british prime minister —

says the "golden era" of relations between the uk and china is over. in his first major foreign policy speech, the prime minister said the idea that trade with china would lead to reform was "naive". he called for a new approach to diplomacy. we recognise china poses a systemic challenges to our values and interests, a challenge that grows more acute as it moves toward even greater authoritarianism. instead of listening to their people's protests, the chinese government has chosen to crack down further, including by assaulting a bbcjournalist. the media and our parliamentarians must be able to highlight these issues without sanction, including calling out abuses in xinjiang and the curtailment of freedom in hong kong. of course, we cannot simply ignore china's significance in world affairs — to global economic stability

or issues like climate change. the us, canada, australia, japan and many others understand this, too. drew thompson is visiting senior research fellow at the lee kuan yew school of public policy, at the national university of singapore, and former us department of defence official responsible for china — i asked him whether the protests will continue, and what sort of responce we can expect from the chinese authorities. certainly i think we will be able to see these protests ebb and flow. what is interesting they have been geographically distributed throughout china, they have involved very different classes of people — from students, workers in different places, migrant workers, middle—class people as well as students. so it is fairly geographically

and socially spread, but there does not appear to be any sort of guiding hand, there does not appear to be a leadership, these people are not being instigated, this is a reflection of widespread discontent with the situation they are in, which is being forced to be locked in their homes, losing income and facing really economic headwinds. so i think the protests will continue, they are likely to ebb and flow because they're not being called into the streets in a controlled fashion. so the police, of course, has tremendous capacity. china spends more money on internal security than it does on its army. so i think the ability of china to control these protests going forward, even as they ebb and flow and move between social media and the street, the ability to tamp that down is quite high. i am sure that the police

is out in force, but at the same time you probably have the people's armed police mobilising in every province, preparing to deal with widescale unrest that cannot be handled by police itself. and behind the people's armed police, you have the pla providing their support as well. there has been a lot said about the fact that protesters have called for xi jinping to be held to account over the covid policy. how much of a threat you think this will be for him personally? i do not think these are threats. china is not governed that way. it is an interesting juxtaposition to be here in taipei for the elections this weekend and to see the transfer of power at local levels take place in a very peaceful and constructive way. it is not how power is garnered in china. the ability to control the population, whether that is online or in the street,

is actually probably more important for xi jinping's legitimacy. one of the factors is the covid response and the inability of the government to open up the society, to expose them to the virus. if it were to spread throughout the population, it would overwhelm the health care system, that would be an even greater legitimacy crisis for the government and party than these basically undirected street protests. let's take a look at some other stories in the headlines... police across europe have broken up a criminal network which controlled a third of the continent's cocaine trade. officials says almost 50 arrests have been made and more than 30 tonnes of drugs have been seized. among those being held are a british national suspected of being one of the ringleaders.

a teenager who carried out a racist massacre in the united states six months ago has pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism charges. payton gendron shot dead ten people at a supermarket in the city of buffalo. his plea means he will be sentenced to life in prison without parole. the world health organisation says it's renaming the monkeypox virus — after receiving complaints that the current term is �*racist and stigmatising'. the infection will now be called m—pox. the old term will be used alongside the new one for a year, before being phased out. elon musk — the owner of twitter — says apple has stopped most of its advertising on the social media platform. he accused apple of censorship and of threatening to remove twitter from its app store. the feud comes as many companies have halted advertising on twitter amid concerns about mr musk�*s content moderation plans for the site. apple has so far not commented.

the philippines has become one of the world's largest centres of child sexual exploitation online and charities say there's been a sharp increase in reported incidents since the pandemic, when many vulnerable children were exploited during lockdowns often by close family members keen to make money. much of the abuse is filmed on webcams — paid for by customers in the us, the uk and other european countries, and australia. our correspondent laura bicker has been investigating and her report includes some distressing details. this is manila's new front line... ..in a war the police are not winning. a young boy is led out of the room by a social worker. he and his two sisters have

been forced to act out live sex shows on camera, by their mother. this home in a graveyard is where the children had to stay during a prolonged pandemic lockdown, with a parent desperate for cash. it's absolutely tiny. so, are you taking evidence now? yes. this is the subject, the mother. she's the mother? yeah. so, the mother is there still? yes. it's thought the mother was paid around $20 by a paedophile in australia to exploit her own children. police gather evidence — sex toys, smartphones. they're coming under pressure to deal with a drastic increase in these cases. singing there is some help for those who've gone through this trauma. at this children's home, they discuss the fairy tale cinderella.

ten—year—old maria speaks up. "she didn't give up. "even during hard times, she still has hope," she says. "just like us. "even though our parents abused us, we should copy her." maria and her brothers john and eric were raped on camera by their mother, their aunt and uncle. the money theirfamily made came from accounts in the uk and europe. today, all three are safe. and now, seven—year—old eric loves to sing. singing however, this is the emotional cost of that abuse. all cry out

it may be distressing to hear, but this is their therapy, their release. "why me?" is the most common cry. "why your own flesh and blood?" eventually, the pandemic contributed to the exploitation and abuse of children. since they are isolated, they thought that this is the only means of getting income and feeding their family. so, these children are influenced by their families that this is just an easyjob, they don't need to do anything, just be naked in front of the video and they can earn something. and yet these young people do have hope. they're taught ways to stay strong, coping mechanisms. they're encouraged to play, to be children again... ..while the adults who've spent decades fighting child exploitation here take on a bigger battle. there has to be international law, this is the only way.

and the un should be involved in this and all national governments, they must cooperate together to restrict the passage of the child abuse material and the online streaming of the sexual abuse of children. one arrest in one home. these officers are getting international help to trace abusers around the world, but charities believe that more needs to be done to prevent millions of children being abused by those they should be able to trust. laura bicker, bbc news, manila. you're watching newsday on the bbc. still to come on the programme... we'll tell you why the un is giving warnings about australia's great barrier reef. it's quite clear that the worst victims of this disaster

are the poor people living in the slums which have sprung up around the factory. i'm feeling so helpless that the children are dying in front of me, and i can't do anything. charles manson is the mystical leader of the hippie cult suspected of killing sharon tate and at least six other people in los angeles. at 11am this morning, just half a metre of rock separated - britain from continental europe _ it took the drills just i a few moments to cut through the final obstacle. then philippe cozette, a miner| from calais, was shaking hands and exchanging flags| with robert fagg, his opposite number from dover.

this is newsday on the bbc. our headlines... security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the unprecedented protests taking place against covid lockdowns. charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic. a un—backed mission to the great barrier reef has concluded that the world's biggest coral reef system should be placed on a list of world heritage sites which are in danger. the long—awaited report on the ten—day mission that took place in march says that warming waters caused by climate change and a lack of progress in reducing water pollution are the biggest threats to the reef. this change presents a "serious challenge" to the values that saw the reef registered

as a global wonder in 1981. it is the second time such a recommendation had been made in the past two years. earlier i spoke to professorjodie rummer, a marine biologist at james cook university, based in townsville, queensland — which is in the centre of the great barrier reef. i began by asking her what does it mean to be on in danger list. yes, this is a wake—up call that we have definitely needed here in australia. this is the wake—up call that tells not only us here in australia but the global state that we need to strengthen and rapidly and urgently make a huge difference with our actions regarding climate change and emissions to protect the great barrier reef. why has it taken so long for this to happen? if you can just sort of elaborate around the background to this, in terms of how we got here. how did we get here?

well, the great barrier reef has experienced, as we all know around the world now, six mass bleaching events — just this past year in 2022, back in 2020, 2017, 2016, 2002, in 1998. so we have been looking at some really dire consequences so this unesco and iucn monitoring mission that the condition of the great barrier reef during that six mass bleaching event, as it was unfolding, and they started putting a report together to decide, with the world heritage committee, whether to list this icon as in danger. now, a listing of "in danger", it emphasises to australia that we need to act quickly on climate change as a nation, otherwise we will lose our world heritage status.

we are looking at some beautiful images of life under the ocean. and, you know, it strikes me, as i am sure it does many in the audience, is it still saveable, the great barrier reef, is it still possible to save it? absolutely. the great barrier reef is a global icon, it is a source of pride for all of us here in australia, but it also is what people think of when they think of the natural wonders of the world and especially with australia. it is absolutely not too late. we are in a critical decade, however, where every tenth of a degree matters. to the world cup now — brazil and portugal have joined defending champions france in qualifying for the knock—out stage of the 2022 world cup in qatar. the five—time champions left it late though — as they secured a 1—0 win over switzerland in group g. the south americans had already seen a second half strike

from viniciusjunior disallowed by var, when casemiro struck the winner in the 83rd minute. defeat for switzerland sees them remain in second in the table. two goals from bruno fernandes gave portugal a 2—0 victory over uruguay. the match also featured the first pitch invader of the qatar tournament — the man carried messages of support for ukraine and iranian women and had a rainbow flag. in monday's earlier kick—offs, ghana and cameroon kept alive their chances of making the last 16. lucy hockings has more from doha. it has been an incredible 2a hours for some of the african teams here at the world cup, and it started with that stunning and unexpected victory of morocco's over belgium on sunday night. on monday, first up we saw cameroon draw 3—3 with serbia. it was a thrilling match, lots of twists and turns. cameroon were actually first on the scoresheet but had a breathless end to the first half. we saw two goals for serbia in added time. they continued their run into the second half. but then it was incredible,

cameroon pulled back, scoring two goals in about six minutes, and thatjust changed the whole nature of the game. next it was ghana's turn, they beat south korea 3—2. it has been a roller—coaster for ghana, who became the first nation in a0 years to have both scored and conceded at least five goals after the opening two matches of a specific world cup. and remember, ghana are the bottom ranked team here in qatar. so tuesday is shaping up to be a really fascinating day of games, particularly when you look at some of the rivalries because in group b we have those old foes, the usa and iran taking on each other. and then the british home nations, england and wales, are also playing. lots of people looking forward to that match. then we will see ecuador and senegal, and the hosts qatar against the netherlands in group a. lots to look forward to.

the world's largest active volcano — mauna loa in hawaii — has started erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. the authorities have warned of falling ash, but say lava is not an immediate threat to people living nearby. wendy urquhart reports. in the dark of night. the orange glow of lava is visible on the slopes of mount aloha, which sprawls across more than half of hawaii's big island and towers, some 4000 metres above sea level. for years, the volcano has been fast asleep, but on sunday morning, the united states geological survey, or usgs, recorded the first rumblings in nearly four decades. at first, it was thought the eruption would be contained in the caldera, or summit crater. but now red—hot lava is spewing over the top and smoke, ash and debris is drifting down the mountainside. so far, it's sliding

into an area that's uninhabited and is not considered to be life—threatening. the problem is it can change direction and speed very suddenly. so emergency services have been put on high alert and locals have been advised to be ready to move at a moment's notice. there is the potential for lava flow hazards if the eruption continues, and lava flows can make it that far down the slopes of the volcano. and then there's the hazard of volcanic gases to make what they call vog. this volcanic fog that's can be bad for your respiratory tract because it's got droplets of acid in it. when mauna loa erupted in 1984, the lava came within 8km of the city of hilo, but it's impossible to predict where it will go this time. wendy urquhart, bbc news. that's all for now —

stay with bbc news. hello. we started november with temperatures above average for the time of year and some very wet and windy weather. we're going to start december with temperatures nudging below average and the weather becoming increasingly settled. why the difference? well, recently it's all been about these areas of low pressure piling in from the atlantic. and this one looks like it's got good intentions to try and do the same thing through tuesday, but it will get the brakes put on it through the middle of the week by that high extending across from the east. it's quite a slow progression for the high. itjust builds gradually day on day, but by the weekend it becomes properly established across us and by then it will tap us into some much colder air. we've seen temperatures across russia recently, well below average and that colder air will come across towards scandinavia, then the uk.

first thing tuesday, on the chilly side, many of us seeing a patchy frost and some dense patches of fog, which in some areas could linger. we're only going to see very light variable winds across the uk through tuesday. so, where we get the fog lingering, our temperatures will be pegged back and even where it lifts in some areas, it may stick around as low cloud. these are the best of our temperatures and these are anticipated for areas where we do see the sun coming out and you can see they are lower than we've been seeing recently where sliding down that single figure scale. overnight tuesday into wednesday some mist and murk initially, but the wind likely to pick up to the south of the uk through the small hours of wednesday. so, perhaps actually clearer skies to the south first thing wednesday and a little milder, colder spots on wednesday. i think first thing will be across northern and eastern scotland and then through wednesday, daytime there's that front towards the west. well, it mayjust manage to get some rain into northern ireland and western scotland through the day, but for the majority it's the high coming to dominate.

the winds, perhaps up a little on the winds on tuesday may mean we've got lesser issues in terms of lingering mist and fog, but i think there could be quite a lot of low cloud around. so quite grey, quite gloomy for many. and there's that rain just briefly making its way into northern ireland and western scotland. because we're going to have a little bit more of a breeze and therefore a slightly milder start to wednesday, temperatures perhaps just nudge up briefly on those figures from tuesday. but as the high continues to build through the end of the week and takes us into the weekend, our wind will pick up, our easterly wind. mist and fog shouldn't be such an issue, but we really will start to drive through that chillier air.

this is bbc news. we'll have the headlines at the top of the hour but now on bbc news, it's talking movies. newsreel: now what distinguished visitor i is arriving on this train that so many are waiting for? charlie chaplin was the biggest, most popular icon in the 20th century. newsreel: the man who gives

the london hobbies— a battle with the crowds is, yes, charlie chaplin. - he had a level of fame and immediacy to his audience