welcome to bbc news — i'm monika plaha. our top stories... security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the widespread protests taking place against covid lockdowns. one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero covid will end. the british prime minister rishi sunak uses his first major speech on foreign policy to criticise the chinese authorities for what he calls their authoritarian response to the protests. instead of listening to their people's protests, the chinese government has chosen to crack down further, including by assaulting a bbcjournalist. charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual

exploitation of children online since the pandemic. we have a special report. warnings of falling ash, as the world's largest active volcano — mauna loa in hawaii — begins erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. and portugal qualify for the knockout stages of the world cup in qatar — with a 2—0 win over uruguay. welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. there are reports from china of a heavy police presence in cities where protests against covid restrictions took place over the weekend. officers were out in force in several areas of the capital, beijing — where protesters had

gathered on sunday. over the weekend, demonstrations spread to the country's biggest cities — with some calling for president xijin ping to step down. well, him and the communist party want to eradicate covid — but the zero covid policy is disrupting everyday life and hurting the economy. our china correspondent stephen mcdonell has the latest. and a warning his report does contain some flash photography. the chinese capital became the latest city with a demonstration, calling for an end to the country's covid restrictions. the symbol of this movement has become white sheets of paper, with protesters holding them up to signify the way in which people are silenced here by official censorship. they're chanting that strict lockdowns and compulsory testing should stop. but dissatisfaction with the government's handling of the crisis is also spilling over into calls for press freedom and democracy.

translation: we want freedom, not unlimited government power. | we want the rule of law. we don't want the next generation to live in this era of horror. zero—covid in china has meant trying to return each outbreak to zero infections, using strict stay—at—home orders, travel bans and phone apps tracking people's movements. entire cities are sometimes officially locked down or effectively closed with businesses shut. yet covid—19 continues to spread. the country posted record new case numbers over the past five days in a row. last month, the country's leader, xijinping, said there'd be no swerving from the current approach, as he entered a historic third term in power. now protesters in the south—western city of chengdu are blaming him personally for allowing the covid crisis to continue. they've criticised his lifetime

leadership entitlement and said their country doesn't need an emperor. this followed earlier calls in shanghai for xi jinping to step down, and for the communist a party to give up power. at the site where protesters clashed with police, barriers have gone up to stop crowds gathering again. passers—by taking photos are being forced to delete them and there's a heavy police process in the area. waves of anger initially spread across china following an apartment block fire in xinjiang last week, which killed ten residents. people have blamed covid restrictions for hampering the access of firefighters and blocking escape routes. the chinese government says this isn't true. translation: forces - with ulterior motives have used social media to link the fire to the zero—covid policy, but the local government has combated these rumours and smears. either way, these protests have

unleashed a discontent which has been not very far below the surface. one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero—covid will end. if the government has a plan, it's not told people what it is, and so the belief that this could go on forever is causing a lot of consternation among the general public. xi jinping's administration has had years to prepare for an eventual opening up, but spent that time telling its citizens how lucky they were to live in china. now there's widespread unrest and it doesn't seem to have a clear way out. stephen mcdonell, bbc news, beijing. william yang is a journalist and president of the taiwan foreign correspondent�*s club — hejoins us now from taipei. thank you so much forjoining me. it is clear these protests

are a direct challenge to china's leadership, it has almost gone beyond covid restrictions calls for press freedom and democracy, it is not a good look for the chinese leadership so what is the latest on these protests and what is the government in china saying? we what is the government in china sa inc? ~ . , ., saying? we have seen large olice saying? we have seen large police presence _ saying? we have seen large police presence deployed i saying? we have seen large - police presence deployed across cities in china and a lot of them are now randomly checking phones on the street and making sure if they have any apps like telegram at twitter they will be asked to remove them and some people also have to give personal information to police, we don't know how they will be used but sources inside china already told me they have to remove all the chat history when so they don't get into trouble when they are searched and the chinese government remains very silent on

acknowledging directly about the existence of these protests. this shows the protests. this shows the protests are presenting a very difficult dilemma for the chinese government on the one hand, if they don't give up on the zero covid strategy there will be economic consequences but if they continue to give in that will just show a cave in to public pressure and that is not something that xi jinping wants at this moment. you not something that xi jinping wants at this moment. you said checkin: wants at this moment. you said checking people's _ wants at this moment. you said checking people's phones - wants at this moment. you said checking people's phones on i wants at this moment. you said | checking people's phones on the street and also removing chat history, that is a big thing, when will this all end? it is when will this all end? it is hard to say. _ when will this all end? it is hard to say. it _ when will this all end? it is hard to say. it depends - when will this all end? it 3 hard to say. it depends on how for the chinese government's response and repression will go. right now there are a lot of potential cards they can play but it seems like right now they don't want to increase

the level of oppression just yet, they want to prevent people from accessing the protest sites so the public presence will no longer be viewed by the public but there is clearly censorship regime being unleashed to spread, prevent the spread of videos online and an information blockade is the first to play will take but whether they will unleash further crackdowns and arrests and widen the net of restrictions that won't remain to be seen in the coming days. as we can see from the images many young people are taking a stand, economically how hard is it with the moment, how is it hitting them? fix, it with the moment, how is it hitting them?— it with the moment, how is it hitting them? a lot of people have told me _ hitting them? a lot of people have told me how— hitting them? a lot of people have told me how they - hitting them? a lot of people have told me how they lost i have told me how they lost theirjobs because of repeated lockdown is, businesses are really having a hard time maintaining their operations and youth unemployment rate is

at a record high since the summer and we saw the economic growth from china has not been as good as the outside world and even the chinese has been predicted, so clearly the disruption from zero covid is imposing a multifaceted challenge to beijing and it is a critical time for the chinese government to decide whether they want to prioritise their political legitimacy more would they want to actually find a way through this very rough patch they are facing. thank ou for patch they are facing. thank you for your _ patch they are facing. thank you for your time. _ china is also top of the agenda for the british minister rishi sunak — who gave his first major speech on foreign policy on monday. mr sunak has criticised the chinese authorities — for what he called their authoritarian response to the protests. let's have a listen to what he had to say. we recognise china poses a systemic challenges

to our values and interests, a challenge that grows more acute as it moves toward even greater authoritarianism. instead of listening to their people's protests, the chinese government has chosen to crack down further, including by assaulting a bbcjournalist. the media and our parliamentarians must be able to highlight these issues without sanction, including calling out abuses in xinjiang and the curtailment of freedom in hong kong. of course, we cannot simply ignore china's significance in world affairs — to global economic stability or issues like climate change. the us, canada, australia, japan and many others understand this, too. let's get some of the day's other news. police across europe have

broken up a criminal network which controlled a third of the continent's cocaine trade. officials says almost 50 arrests have been made and more than 30 tonnes of drugs have been seized. among those being held are a british national suspected of being one of the ringleaders. the world health organisation says it's renaming the monkeypox virus — after receiving complaints that the current term is �*racist and stigmatising'. the infection will now be called m—pox. the old term will be used alongside the new one for a year before being phased out. elon musk — the owner of twitter — says apple has stopped most of its advertising on the social media platform. he accused apple of censorship and of threatening to remove twitter from its app store. the feud comes as many companies have halted advertising on twitter over concerns about mr musk�*s content moderation plans for the site. apple has so far not commented. the entire board of directors at the italian football giants

juventus has resigned as the club faces a series of police investigations. a statement by the club said the mass resignation was in its best interests so a new board could address the issues. the company which runs juventus denies wrongdoing. a teenager who carried out a racist massacre in the united states six months ago has pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism charges. payton gendron shot dead ten people at a supermarket in the city of buffalo. his plea means he will be sentenced to life in prison without parole. let's get more on this now from our north america correspondent peter bowes. if you could give us an overview and what was said in court and what was said of the motive of the attack? this was

a clearly racially _ motive of the attack? this was a clearly racially motivated - a clearly racially motivated attack. there is no argument about that. he has pleaded guilty to the charges which included the murders of io included the murders of 10 people, all african—american. there was references to a sometimes described as manifesto, a document was found on his computer in which he described himself as a white supremacist. the prosecutor refer to the fact that during the shooting which happened at the shooting which happened at the supermarket in buffalo in new york state that he had said sorry, he apologised to a white man he had injured and chosen not to kill and the prosecutor said that was further evidence that this was a racially motivated attack. the prosecutors have also been talking about the fact that he researched this and planned it for many months, searches were found on his computer where he had been trying to pinpoint an

area that was predominantly african—american, where there would be a high number of black people in this particular supermarket.— people in this particular supermarket. people in this particular suermarket. �* , supermarket. but has been the resonse supermarket. but has been the resnonse to — supermarket. but has been the response to this _ supermarket. but has been the response to this especially - response to this especially from the loved ones of the victims?— from the loved ones of the victims? , , , , ., victims? this is some sense of relief for _ victims? this is some sense of relief for those _ victims? this is some sense of relief for those loved - victims? this is some sense of relief for those loved ones - victims? this is some sense of relief for those loved ones of l relief for those loved ones of the victims, friends, because it spares them the ordeal of a trial during which they would have to sit through a lot of the very difficult evidence, so in that respect they are happy this has happened, but he has pleaded guilty, and that has been the overwhelming response, but this teenager has pleaded guilty to these charges that were very clearly motivated by hate and this is the first time in the state of new york that some of these particular charges, an individual has been

found guilty to be motivated by hate. he will be formally sentenced next year and we know he will get life in prison without possibility of parole. he still faces federal charges and some of those two potentially of the death sentence attached. thank you for our sentence attached. thank you for your time. _ stay with us on bbc news, still to come... we'll tell you why this goal from portugal was bad news for uruguay at the world cup in qatar. it's quite clear that the worst victims of this disaster are the poor people living in the slums which have sprung up around the factory. i'm feeling so helpless that the children are dying in front of me, and i can't do anything. charles manson is the mystical leader of the hippie cult

suspected of killing sharon tate and at least six other people in los angeles. at 11am this morning, just half a metre of rock separated - britain from continental europe _ it took the drills just i a few moments to cut through the final obstacle. then philippe cozette, a miner| from calais, was shaking hands and exchanging flags| with robert fagg, his opposite number from dover. this is bbc news, the latest headlines... security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the widespread protests taking place against covid lockdowns. the philippines has become one of the world's largest centres of child sexual exploitation online.

and charities say there's been a sharp increase in reported incidents since the pandemic when many vulnerable children were exploited during lockdowns often by close family members keen to make money. much of the abuse is filmed on webcams — paid for by customers in the us, australia, the uk and other european countries. our correspondent laura bicker has the story. and her report includes some distressing details. this is manila's new front line... ..in a war the police are not winning. a young boy is led out of the room by a social worker. he and his two sisters have been forced to act out live sex shows on camera, by their mother. this home in a graveyard is where the children had

to stay during a prolonged pandemic lockdown, with a parent desperate for cash. it's absolutely tiny. so, are you taking evidence now? yes. this is the subject, the mother. she's the mother? yeah. so, the mother is there still? yes. it's thought the mother was paid around $20 by a paedophile in australia to exploit her own children. police gather evidence — sex toys, smartphones. they're coming under pressure to deal with a drastic increase in these cases. singing there is some help for those who've gone through this trauma. at this children's home, they discuss the fairy tale cinderella. ten—year—old maria speaks up. "she didn't give up. "even during hard times, she still has hope," she says.

"just like us. "even though our parents abused us, we should copy her." maria and her brothers john and eric were raped on camera by their mother, their aunt and uncle. the money theirfamily made came from accounts in the uk and europe. today, all three are safe. and now, seven—year—old eric loves to sing. singing however, this is the emotional cost of that abuse. all cry out it may be distressing to hear, but this is their therapy, their release. "why me?" is the most common cry. "why your own flesh and blood?"

eventually, the pandemic contributed to the exploitation and abuse of children. since they are isolated, they thought that this is the only means of getting income and feeding their family. so, these children are influenced by their families that this is just an easyjob, they don't need to do anything, just be naked in front of the video and they can earn something. and yet these young people do have hope. they're taught ways to stay strong, coping mechanisms. they're encouraged to play, to be children again... ..while the adults who've spent decades fighting child exploitation here take on a bigger battle. there has to be international law, this is the only way. and the un should be involved in this and all national governments, they must cooperate together to restrict the passage of the child abuse material and the online streaming of the sexual

abuse of children. one arrest in one home. these officers are getting international help to trace abusers around the world, but charities believe that more needs to be done to prevent millions of children being abused by those they should be able to trust. laura bicker, bbc news, manila. the world's largest active volcano, mauna loa in hawaii, has started erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. the authorities have warned of falling ash, but say lava is not an immediate threat to people living nearby. wendy urquhart reports. in the dark of night, the orange glow of lava is visible on the slopes of mount aloha, which sprawls across more than half

of hawaii's big island and towers, some 4000 metres above sea level. for years, the volcano has been fast asleep, but on sunday morning, the united states geological survey, or usgs, recorded the first rumblings in nearly four decades. at first, it was thought the eruption would be contained in the caldera, or summit crater. but now red—hot lava is spewing over the top and smoke, ash and debris is drifting down the mountainside. so far, it's sliding into an area that's uninhabited and is not considered to be life—threatening. the problem is it can change direction and speed very suddenly. so emergency services have been put on high alert and locals have been advised to be ready to move at a moment's notice. there is the potential for lava flow hazards if the eruption continues, and lava flows can make it that far down the slopes of the volcano. and then there's the hazard of volcanic gases to make

what they call vog. this volcanic fog that's can be bad for your respiratory tract because it's got droplets of acid in it. when mauna loa erupted in 1984, the lava came within 8km of the city of hilo, but it's impossible to predict where it will go this time. wendy urquhart, bbc news. on to football now — brazil and portugal have joined defending champions france in qualifying for the knockout stage of the 2022 world cup in qatar. lucy hockings has more from doha. it has been an incredible 2a hours for some of the african teams here at the world cup, and it started with that stunning and unexpected victory of morocco's over belgium on sunday night. on monday, first up we saw cameroon draw 3—3 with serbia. it was a thrilling match, lots of twists and turns. cameroon were actually first on the scoresheet but had a breathless end to the first half. we saw two goals for

serbia in added time. they continued their run into the second half. but then it was incredible, cameroon pulled back, scoring two goals in about six minutes, and thatjust changed the whole nature of the game. next it was ghana's turn, they beat south korea 3—2. it has been a roller—coaster for ghana, who became the first nation in a0 years to have both scored and conceded at least five goals after the opening two matches of a specific world cup. and remember, ghana are the bottom ranked team here in qatar. so tuesday is shaping up to be a really fascinating day of games, particularly when you look at some of the rivalries because in group b we have those old foes, the usa and iran taking on each other. and then the british home nations, england and wales, are also playing. lots of people looking forward to that match. then we will see ecuador and senegal, and the hosts qatar against the netherlands in group a. lots to look forward to.

nasa's orion capsule reached a key milestone on its demonstration mission around the moon. on monday, it moved 430 thousand kilometres beyond earth — the furthest any spacecraft designed to carry humans has travelled. the ship is uncrewed on this occasion — but if it completes the current flight without incident, astronauts will be on the next outing in two years' time. nasa is planning a series of ever—more complex missions. they're part of the agency's artemis programme, which seeks to return people to the lunar surface after a gap of 50 years. monday's milestone marks the middle point of the mission. a reminder of our top story... there are reports from china of a heavy police presence in cities where protests against covid restrictions took place over the weekend. officers were out in force in several areas of the capital, beijing, where protesters had gathered on sunday. you can reach me on twitter —

i'm @monikaplaha hello. we started november with temperatures above average for the time of year and some very wet and windy weather. we're going to start december with temperatures nudging below average and the weather becoming increasingly settled. why the difference? well, recently it's all been about these areas of low pressure piling in from the atlantic. and this one looks like it's got good intentions to try and do the same thing through tuesday, but it will get the brakes put on it through the middle of the week by that high extending across from the east. it's quite a slow progression for the high. itjust builds gradually day on day, but by the weekend it becomes properly established across us and by then it will tap us into some much colder air. we've seen temperatures across russia recently well below average and that colder air will come across towards scandinavia, then the uk. first thing tuesday, on the chilly side, many of us

seeing a patchy frost and some dense patches of fog, which in some areas could linger. we're only going to see very light variable winds across the uk through tuesday. so, where we get the fog lingering, our temperatures will be pegged back and even where it lifts in some areas, it may stick around as low cloud. these are the best of our temperatures and these are anticipated for areas where we do see the sun coming out and you can see they are lower than we've been seeing recently, we're sliding down that single figure scale. overnight tuesday into wednesday some mist and murk initially, but the wind likely to pick up to the south of the uk through the small hours of wednesday. so, perhaps actually clearer skies to the south first thing wednesday and a little milder. coldest spots on wednesday i think first thing will be across northern and eastern scotland and then through wednesday daytime there's that front towards the west. well, it mayjust manage to get some rain into northern ireland and western scotland

through the day, but of low cloud around. of a breeze and therefore a slightly milder start to wednesday, temperatures perhaps just nudge up briefly on those figures from tuesday. but as the high continues to build through the end of the week and takes us into the weekend, our wind will pick up, our easterly wind. mist and fog shouldn't be such an issue, but we really will start to drive through that chillier air.

this is bbc news. the headlines... security has been tightened across china, as the authorities try to suppress protests taking place against covid lockdowns. officers have been out in force in the capital, beijing, where protesters had gathered on sunday — some calling for president xi to step down. a teenager who carried out a racist massacre in the us city of buffalo has pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism charges. payton gendron shot dead ten people at a supermarket six months ago. his plea means he will be sentenced to life in prison without parole. charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic. a bbc special report found that much of the abuse

is filmed on webcams — paid for by customers in the us, australia and some european countries.