this is bbc news — i'm monika plaha with the latest headlines for viewers in the uk and around the world. security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the widespread protests taking place against covid lockdowns. one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero covid will end. the british prime minister rishi sunak uses his first major speech on foreign policy to criticise the chinese authorities for what he calls their �*authoritarian�* response to the protests. instead of listening to their people's protests, the chinese government has chosen to crack down further, including by assaulting a bbcjournalist.

charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic. we have a special report. warnings of falling ash, as the world's largest active volcano — mauna loa in hawaii — begins erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. and portugal qualify for the knockout stages of the world cup in qatar with a 2—0 win over uruguay. hello and thanks forjoining us. there's been a heavy police presence in cities in china, where protests against stringent covid restrictions took place over the weekend. in shanghai, large barriers have been erected along the main route used by demonstrators. there have also been reports

that people who joined protests in beijing have been phoned by police, demanding information about their movements during the weekend. stephen mcdonell has the latest from beijing — and a warning his report does contain some flash photography. the chinese capital became the latest city with a demonstration, calling for an end to the country's covid restrictions. the symbol of this movement has become white sheets of paper, with protesters holding them up to signify the way in which people are silenced here by official censorship. they're chanting that strict lockdowns and compulsory testing should stop. but dissatisfaction with the government's handling of the crisis is also spilling over into calls for press freedom and democracy. translation: we want freedom, not unlimited government power. | we want the rule of law. we don't want the next generation to live in this era of horror.

zero—covid in china has meant trying to return each outbreak to zero infections, using strict stay—at—home orders, travel bans and phone apps tracking people's movements. entire cities are sometimes officially locked down or effectively closed with businesses shut. yet covid—i9 continues to spread. the country posted record new case numbers over the past five days in a row. last month, the country's leader, xijinping, said there'd be no swerving from the current approach, as he entered a historic third term in power. now protesters in the south—western city of chengdu are blaming him personally for allowing the covid crisis to continue. they've criticised his lifetime leadership entitlement and said their country doesn't need an emperor. this followed earlier calls in shanghai for xi jinping to step down, and for the communist

party to give up power. at the site where protesters clashed with police, barriers have gone up to stop crowds gathering again. passers—by taking photos are being forced to delete them and there's a heavy police process in the area. waves of anger initially spread across china following an apartment block fire in xinjiang last week, which killed ten residents. people have blamed covid restrictions for hampering the access of firefighters and blocking escape routes. the chinese government says this isn't true. translation: forces - with ulterior motives have used social media to link the fire to the zero—covid policy, but the local government has combated these rumours and smears. either way, these protests have unleashed a discontent which has been not very far below the surface. one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero—covid will end.

if the government has a plan, it's not told people what it is, and so the belief that this could go on forever is causing a lot of consternation among the general public. xi jinping's administration has had years to prepare for an eventual opening up, but spent that time telling its citizens how lucky they were to live in china. now there's widespread unrest and it doesn't seem to have a clear way out. stephen mcdonell, bbc news, beijing. china is also top of the agenda for the british minister rishi sunak, who gave his first major speech on foreign policy on monday. mr sunak has criticised the chinese authorities for what he called their �*authoritarian�* response to the protests. let's have a listen to what he had to say. we recognise china poses a systemic challenges to our values and interests, a challenge that grows more acute as it moves toward even

greater authoritarianism. instead of listening to their people's protests, the chinese government has chosen to crack down further, including by assaulting a bbcjournalist. the media and our parliamentarians must be able to highlight these issues without sanction, including calling out abuses in xinjiang and the curtailment of freedom in hong kong. of course, we cannot simply ignore china's significance in world affairs — to global economic stability or issues like climate change. the us, canada, australia, japan and many others understand this, too. let's get some of the day's other news. police across europe have

broken up a criminal network which controlled a third of the continent's cocaine trade. officials says almost 50 arrests have been made and more than 30 tonnes of drugs have been seized. among those being held is a british national suspected of being one of the ringleaders. the world health organisation says it's renaming the monkeypox virus — after receiving complaints that the current term is �*racist and stigmatising'. the infection will now be called m—pox. the old term will be used alongside the new one for a year before being phased out. elon musk — the owner of twitter — says apple has stopped most of its advertising on the social media platform. he accused apple of censorship and of threatening to remove twitter from its app store. the feud comes as many companies have halted advertising on twitter over concerns about mr musk�*s content moderation plans for the site. apple has so far not commented. the entire board of directors

at the italian football giants juventus has resigned as the club faces a series of police investigations. a statement by the club said the mass resignation was in its best interests so a new board could address the issues. the company which runs juventus denies wrongdoing. the philippines has become one of the world's largest centres of child sexual exploitation online. and charities say there's been a sharp increase in reported incidents since the pandemic — when many vulnerable children were exploited during lockdowns — often by close family members keen to make money. much of the abuse is filmed on webcams — paid for by customers in the us, australia, the uk and other european countries. our correspondent laura bicker has the story. and her report includes some distressing details. this is manila's

new front line... ..in a war the police are not winning. a young boy is led out of the room by a social worker. he and his two sisters have been forced to act out live sex shows on camera, by their mother. this home in a graveyard is where the children had to stay during a prolonged pandemic lockdown, with a parent desperate for cash. it's absolutely tiny. so, are you taking evidence now? yes. this is the subject, the mother. she's the mother? yeah. so, the mother is there still? yes. it's thought the mother was paid around $20 by a paedophile in australia to exploit her own children. police gather evidence — sex toys, smartphones. they're coming under pressure to deal with a drastic increase in these cases.

singing there is some help for those who've gone through this trauma. at this children's home, they discuss the fairy tale cinderella. ten—year—old maria speaks up. "she didn't give up. "even during hard times, she still has hope," she says. "just like us. "even though our parents abused us, we should copy her." maria and her brothers john and eric were raped on camera by their mother, their aunt and uncle. the money theirfamily made came from accounts in the uk and europe. today, all three are safe. and now, seven—year—old eric loves to sing. singing

however, this is the emotional cost of that abuse. all cry out it may be distressing to hear, but this is their therapy, their release. "why me?" is the most common cry. "why your own flesh and blood?" eventually, the pandemic contributed to the exploitation and abuse of children. since they are isolated, they thought that this is the only means of getting income and feeding their family. so, these children are influenced by their families that this is just an easyjob, they don't need to do anything, just be naked in front of the video and they can earn something. and yet these young people do have hope. they're taught ways to stay

strong, coping mechanisms. they're encouraged to play, to be children again... ..while the adults who've spent decades fighting child exploitation here take on a bigger battle. there has to be international law, this is the only way. and the un should be involved in this and all national governments, they must cooperate together to restrict the passage of the child abuse material and the online streaming of the sexual abuse of children. one arrest in one home. these officers are getting international help to trace abusers around the world, but charities believe that more needs to be done to prevent millions of children being abused by those they should be able to trust. laura bicker, bbc news, manila. a teenager who carried out a racist massacre in the united states six months ago has pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism charges.

payton gendron shot dead ten people at a supermarket in the city of buffalo. his plea means he will be sentenced to life in prison without parole. our north america correspondent peter bowes gave me this update on what was said in court. this was a clearly racially motivated attack. there is no argument about that. he has pleaded guilty to the charges which included the murders of ten people, all african—american. there was references to a sometimes described as manifesto, a document was found on his computer in which he described himself as a white supremacist. the prosecutor referred to the fact that during the shooting which happened at the supermarket in buffalo in new york state that he had said sorry, he apologised to a white man he had injured and chosen not to kill

and the prosecutor said that was further evidence that this was a racially motivated attack. the prosecutors have also been talking about the fact that he researched this and planned it for many months, searches were found on his computer where he had been trying to pinpoint an area that was predominantly african—american, where there would be a high number of black people in this particular supermarket. what has been the response to this especially from the loved ones of the victims? this is some sense of relief for those loved ones of the victims, friends, because it spares them the ordeal of a trial during which they would have to sit through a lot of the very difficult evidence, so in that respect they are happy this has happened, but he has pleaded

guilty, and that has been the overwhelming response, that this teenager has pleaded guilty to these charges that were very clearly motivated by hate and this is the first time in the state of new york that some of these particular charges, an individual has been found guilty to be motivated by hate. he will be formally sentenced next year and we know he will get life in prison without possibility of parole. he still faces federal charges and some of those do potentially have the death sentence attached. stay with us on bbc news, still to come... we'll tell you why this goal from portugal was bad news for uruguay at the world cup in qatar. it's quite clear that the worst victims of this disaster are the poor people living in the slums which have sprung

up around the factory. i'm feeling so helpless that the children are dying in front of me, and i can't do anything. charles manson is the mystical leader of the hippie cult suspected of killing sharon tate and at least six other people in los angeles. at 11am this morning, just half a metre of rock separated - britain from continental europe _ it took the drills just i a few moments to cut through the final obstacle. then philippe cozette, a miner| from calais, was shaking hands and exchanging flags| with robert fagg, his opposite number from dover.

this is bbc news, the latest headlines... security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the widespread protests taking place against covid lockdowns. charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic. as we've been hearing, china has some of the most rigorous anti—covid measures in the world — with tens of millions of people living under some kind of lockdown and a regime of endless testing. local authorities are under instructions to impose strict rules — even if only a handful of covid cases are found. our medical editor fergus walsh explains the situation. china's population is trapped in the midst of an unwinnable war, zero—covid has kept cases and deaths very low so far, but at relentless cost

to personal freedoms and livelihoods. zero—covid means zero tolerance of any coronavirus infections. that looks increasingly unsustainable in the face of the highly contagious omicron variant. china has relied almost entirely on its own vaccines. they are reasonably effective. a study in hong kong found that two doses of the chinese corona vaccine gave 70% protection against severe illness or death. but that compares to 90% protection from the us german vaccine of pfizer biontech. a key problem is china's low vaccination levels among older people. just over half of the over—60s have had three doses of vaccine. among the over—80s, that falls to just 20%. that low uptake seems partly down to a suspicion of modern medicine among many older chinese people. compare that with the uk,

where 80% of the over—80s have recently had their autumn booster with an updated omicron—specific vaccine, and most of them will have had five jabs. early on in the pandemic, china built several covid hospitals in a matter of days, but nearly three years since coronavirus emerged, its vast population now has almost no natural immunity against it. they can't keep that virus out forever. it's a slippery eel, this virus, it is evolving and changing are getting more infectious and harder to control with lockdowns and segregation is in the way it has been in the past. i think the way out for china is to get highly effective vaccines against the current variance into the elderly population as fast as they possibly can. modelling suggests ending zero—covid without more vaccination would allow omicron to tear through the population,

overwhelming intensive care units and causing an estimated 1.5 million deaths. while most of the world has returned to pre—covid normality, china has yet to show it has an exit plan from the pandemic. fergus walsh, bbc news. the world's largest active volcano — mauna loa in hawaii — has begun erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. the authorities have warned of falling ash, but say lava is not currently a threat to people living nearby. scientists were watching the volcano closely because of recent earthquakes at the summit. let's go live now to hawaii and speak to vulcanologist julia hammer. thank you forjoining me. can you explain a little bit about what has happened so far and tell us more about the volcano, was it predicted to erupt? it

has been showing signs for about a month now. that gave hazard managers and us geological survey step time to breathe the local communities. it wasn't known where the level would come out so there was always something to surprise us but it found a regular pattern that has been the case for the most recent times for mauna loa when the eruption started at the summit and lava emanated in the summit and lava emanated in the crack. a few hours after that by early morning this morning it had migrated to the north east rift zone where it still is erupting from.- still is erupting from. how dangerous _ still is erupting from. how dangerous is _ still is erupting from. how dangerous is this, - still is erupting from. how dangerous is this, is - still is erupting from. how dangerous is this, is it - dangerous is this, is it dangerous, is it going to be bad? , , , dangerous, is it going to be bad? ,, ,. ., ., bad? the best case scenario would be — bad? the best case scenario would be if _ bad? the best case scenario would be if it _ bad? the best case scenario would be if it stayed -

bad? the best case scenario would be if it stayed at - bad? the best case scenario would be if it stayed at the l would be if it stayed at the summit caldera and build up the nice depression which would have kept it impounded but the next best case scenario is for it to have erupted where it did, so it is in very sparsely populated area and it is high on the flank of the volcano so it has a long way to travel before it reaches any population centres and it is on one of the most gradual slopes, so unlike the case if it had erupted in the south—west rift zone it would have beenjust a few hours transit time to the ocean because it is so steep over there but where is interrupted it is relatively good spot. interrupted it is relatively good soot-— interrupted it is relatively u-oodsot. ., good spot. you said the local community — good spot. you said the local community had _ good spot. you said the local community had been - good spot. you said the localj community had been braked, good spot. you said the local. community had been braked, i think there are more than 200,000 residents on the island, so what does it mean for the people, will be be evacuated? it for the people, will be be evacuated?— for the people, will be be evacuated? . , , , ., evacuated? it really depends on where you _

evacuated? it really depends on where you live. _ evacuated? it really depends on where you live. mauna - evacuated? it really depends on where you live. mauna loa - evacuated? it really depends on where you live. mauna loa is i evacuated? it really depends on where you live. mauna loa is so j where you live. mauna loa is so large that it has coastal frontage on all sides of the island. not all sides are equally threatened by the eruption of a wide margin so it depends on exactly where you live, unfortunately the instrumentation is such a quality and frequency they will be very rapid updating of folks so they can make choices based on hours of lead time minimum, so people will have plenty of time to figure things out given the frequency of observations. thank you, fascinating to get your insight. on to football now — brazil and portugal have joined defending champions france in qualifying for the knockout stage of the 2022 world cup in qatar. lucy hockings has more from doha.

it has been an incredible 2a hours for some of the african teams here at the world cup, and it started with that stunning and unexpected victory of morocco's over belgium on sunday night. on monday, first up we saw cameroon draw 3—3 with serbia. it was a thrilling match, lots of twists and turns. cameroon were actually first on the scoresheet but had a breathless end to the first half. cup. team here in qatar. of games, particularly when you look at some

of the rivalries because in group b we have those old foes, the usa and iran taking on each other. and then the british home nations, england and wales, are also playing. lots of people looking forward to that match. then we will see ecuador and senegal, and the hosts qatar against the netherlands in group a. lots to look forward to. nasa's orion capsule reached a key milestone on its demonstration mission around the moon. on monday, it moved 430 thousand kilometres beyond earth — the furthest any spacecraft designed to carry humans has travelled. the ship is uncrewed on this occasion — but if it completes the current flight without incident, astronauts will be on the next outing in two years' time. nasa is planning a series of ever—more complex missions. they're part of the agency's artemis programme, which seeks to return people to the lunar surface after a gap of 50 years. monday's milestone marks the

middle point of the mission. hello. we started november with temperatures above average for the time of year and some very wet and windy weather. we're going to start december with temperatures nudging below average and the weather becoming increasingly settled. why the difference? well, recently it's all been about these areas of low pressure piling in from the atlantic. and this one looks like it's got good intentions to try and do the same thing through tuesday, but it will get the brakes put on it through the middle of the week by that high extending across from the east. it's quite a slow progression for the high. itjust builds gradually day on day, but by the weekend it becomes properly established across us and by then it will tap us into some much colder air. we've seen temperatures across russia recently well below average and that colder air will come across towards scandinavia, then the uk. first thing tuesday,

on the chilly side, many of us seeing a patchy frost and some dense patches of fog, which in some areas could linger. we're only going to see very light variable winds across the uk through tuesday. so, where we get the fog lingering, our temperatures will be pegged back and even where it lifts in some areas, it may stick around as low cloud. these are the best of our temperatures and these are anticipated for areas where we do see the sun coming out and you can see they are lower than we've been seeing recently, we're sliding down that single figure scale. overnight tuesday into wednesday some mist and murk initially, but the wind likely to pick up to the south of the uk through the small hours of wednesday. so, perhaps actually clearer skies to the south first thing wednesday and a little milder. coldest spots on wednesday i think first thing will be across northern and eastern scotland and then through wednesday daytime there's that front towards the west. well, it mayjust manage to get some rain into northern ireland and western scotland through the day, but for the majority it's the high coming to dominate. the winds perhaps up a little

on the winds on tuesday, may mean we've got lesser issues in terms of lingering mist and fog, but i think there could be quite a lot of low cloud around. so quite grey, quite gloomy for many. and there's that rain just briefly making its way into northern ireland and western scotland. because we're going to have a little bit more of a breeze and therefore a slightly milder start to wednesday, temperatures perhaps just nudge up briefly on those figures from tuesday. but as the high continues to build through the end of the week and takes us into the weekend, our wind will pick up, our easterly wind. mist and fog shouldn't be such an issue, but we really will start to drive through that chillier air.

this is bbc news. the headlines... security has been tightened across china, as the authorities try to suppress protests taking place against covid lockdowns. officers have been out in force in the capital, beijing, where protesters had gathered on sunday — some calling for president xi to step down. a teenager who carried out a racist massacre in the us city of buffalo has pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism charges. payton genron shot dead ten people at a supermarket six months ago. his plea means he will be sentenced to life in prison. charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic. a bbc special report found that much of the abuse

is filmed on webcams — paid for by customers