this is bbc news, i'm monika plaha. our top stories: security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the widespread protests taking place against covid lockdowns. one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero covid—19 will end. the british prime minister, rishi sunak, uses his first major speech on foreign policy to criticise the chinese authorities for what he calls their authoritarian response to the protests. instead of listening to their people's protest, the chinese government has chosen to crackdown with, including by

assaulting a bbcjournalist. charities in the philippines say there has been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic. we have a special report. warnings of falling ash, as the world's largest active volcano, mauna loa, in hawaii, begins erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. and portugal qualify for the knockout stages of the world cup in qatar with a 2—0 win over uruguay. welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. there's been a heavy police presence in cities in china where protests against stringent covid restrictions took place over the weekend. in shanghai, large barriers have been erected along

the main route used by demonstrators. there have also been reports that people who joined protests in beijing have been phoned by police, demanding information about their movements during the weekend. stephen mcdonell has the latest from beijing, and a warning, his report does contain some flash photography. the chinese capital became the latest city with a demonstration, calling for an end to the country's covid restrictions. the symbol of this movement has become white sheets of paper, with protesters holding them up to signify the way in which people are silenced here by official censorship. they're chanting that strict lockdowns and compulsory testing should stop. but dissatisfaction with the government's handling of the crisis is also spilling over into calls for press freedom and democracy. translation: we want freedom, not unlimited government power. we want the rule of law.

we don't want the next generation to live in this era of horror. zero—covid in china has meant trying to return each outbreak to zero infections, using strict stay—at—home orders, travel bans and phone apps tracking people's movements. entire cities are sometimes officially locked down or effectively closed with businesses shut. yet covid—i9 continues to spread. the country posted record new case numbers over the past five days in a row. last month, the country's leader, xijinping, said there'd be no swerving from the current approach, as he entered a historic third term in power. now protesters in the south—western city of chengdu are blaming him personally for allowing the covid crisis to continue. they've criticised his lifetime leadership entitlement

and said their country doesn't need an emperor. this followed earlier calls in shanghai for xijinping to step down, and for the communist party to give up power. at the site where protesters clashed with police, barriers have gone up to stop crowds gathering again. passers—by taking photos are being forced to delete them and there's a heavy police process in the area. waves of anger initially spread across china following an apartment block fire in xinjiang last week, which killed ten residents. people have blamed covid restrictions for hampering the access of firefighters and blocking escape routes. the chinese government says this isn't true. translation: forces with ulterior motives have used social media to link the fire to the zero—covid policy, but the local government has combated these rumours and smears. either way, these protests have unleashed a discontent which has been not very far below the surface.

one of the problems in china is that nobody knows when zero—covid will end. if the government has a plan, it's not told people what it is, and so the belief that this could go on forever is causing a lot of consternation among the general public. xi jinping's administration has had years to prepare for an eventual opening up, but spent that time telling its citizens how lucky they were to live in china. now there's widespread unrest and it doesn't seem to have a clear way out. stephen mcdonell, bbc news, beijing. china is also top of the agenda for the british minister rishi sunak, who gave his first major speech on foreign policy on monday. mr sunak has criticised the chinese authorities for what he called their authoritarian response to the protests. let's have a listen to what he had to say.

we recognise china poses a systemic challenge to our values and interests, a challenge that grows more acute as it moves toward even greater authoritarianism. instead of listening to their people's protests, the chinese government has chosen to crack down further, including by assaulting a bbc journalist. the media and our parliamentarians must be able to highlight these issues without sanction, including calling out abuses in xinjiang and the curtailment of freedom in hong kong. of course, we cannot simply ignore china's significance in world affairs — to global economic stability or issues like climate change. the us, canada, australia, japan and many others understand this, too.

british prime minister rishi sunak. let's get some of the day's other news: the world health organization says it's renaming the monkey pox virus after receiving complaints that the current term is "racist and stigmatising". the infection will now be called m—pox. the old term will be used alongside the new one for a year before being phased out. elon musk, the owner of twitter, says apple has stopped most of its advertising on the social media platform. he accused apple of censorship and of threatening to remove twitter from its app store. the feud comes as many companies have halted advertising on twitter over concerns about mr musk�*s content moderation plans for the site. apple has so far not commented. the entire board of directors at the italian football giants juventus has resigned as the club faces a series of police investigations. a statement by the club said the mass resignation was in its best interests so a new board could address the issues.

the company which runs juventus denies wrongdoing. the philippines has become one of the world's largest centres of child sexual exploitation online. and charities say there's been a sharp increase in reported incidents since the pandemic when many vulnerable children were exploited during lockdowns — often by close family members keen to make money. much of the abuse is filmed on webcams, paid for by customers in the us, australia, the uk and other european countries. our correspondent laura bicker has the story. and her report includes some distressing details. this is manila's new front line... ..in a war the police are not winning.

a young boy is led out of the room by a social worker. he and his two sisters have been forced to act out live sex shows on camera, by their mother. this home in a graveyard is where the children had to stay during a prolonged pandemic lockdown, with a parent desperate for cash. it's absolutely tiny. so, are you taking evidence now? yes. this is the subject, the mother. she's the mother? yeah. so, the mother is there still? yes. it's thought the mother was paid around $20 by a paedophile in australia to exploit her own children. police gather evidence — sex toys, smartphones. they're coming under pressure to deal with a drastic increase in these cases. singing there is some help for those who've gone through this trauma.

at this children's home, they discuss the fairy tale, cinderella. ten—year—old maria speaks up. "she didn't give up. "even during hard times, she still has hope," she says. "just like us. "even though our parents abused us, we should copy her." maria and her brothers john and eric were raped on camera by their mother, their aunt and uncle. the money theirfamily made came from accounts in the uk and europe. today, all three are safe. and now, seven—year—old eric loves to sing. singing however, this is the emotional cost of that abuse.

all cry out. it may be distressing to hear, but this is their therapy, their release. "why me?" is the most common cry. "why your own flesh and blood?" eventually, the pandemic contributed to the exploitation and abuse of children. since they are isolated, they thought that this is the only means of getting income and feeding their family. so, these children are influenced by their families that this isjust an easyjob, they don't need to do anything, just be naked in front of the video and they can earn something. and yet these young people do have hope. they're taught ways to stay strong, coping mechanisms. they're encouraged to play, to be children again... while the adults who've spent

decades fighting child exploitation here take on a bigger battle. there has to be international law, this is the only way. and the un should be involved in this and all national governments, they must cooperate together to restrict the passage of the child abuse material and the online streaming of the sexual abuse of children. one arrest in one home. these officers are getting international help to trace abusers around the world, but charities believe that more needs to be done to prevent millions of children being abused by those they should be able to trust. laura bicker, bbc news, manila. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: we'll tell you why this goal from portugal was bad news for uruguay at the world cup in qatar.

it's quite clear that the worst victims of this disaster are the poor people living in the slums which have sprung up around the factory. i feel so helpless that the children are dying in front of me and i can't do anything. charles manson is the mystical leader of the hippie cult - suspected of killing - sharon tate and at least six other people in los angeles. i at 11 o'clock this morning, just half a metre of rock separated britain from continental europe. it took the drills just a few moments to cut through the final obstacle, then philippe cossette, a minerfrom calais, was shaking hands and exchanging flags with his

opposite numberfrom dover. this is bbc world news, the latest headlines: security is tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress the widespread protests taking place against covid lockdowns. charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic. a teenager who carried out a racist massacre in the united states six months ago has pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism charges. payton gendron shot dead 10 people at a supermarket in the city of buffalo. his plea means he will be sentenced to life in prison without parole. our north america correspondent, peter bowes gave me this update

on what was said in court. clearly a racially motivated attack, there is no argument about that. he has pleaded guilty to the charges which included the murders of ten people, all african—american. there was references to a sometimes described as a manifesto document was found on his computer in which he described himself as a white supremacist, the prosecutor referred to the fact that during the shooting which happened in a supermarket in buffalo in new york state that he had said sorry, that he had apologised to a white man that he had injured and chosen not to kill and the prosecutor said that was further evidence that that was further evidence that that was further evidence that that was a racially motivated attack. the prosecutors have also been talking about the fact that he researched this and he planned this for many months, searches were found on

his computer where he had been trying to pinpoint an area that was predominantly african—american where there would be a high number of black people in this particular supermarket.— people in this particular supermarket. people in this particular su ermarket. �* . supermarket. and peter, what has been the _ supermarket. and peter, what has been the response - supermarket. and peter, what has been the response to - supermarket. and peter, whatj has been the response to this, especially from the loved ones of the? ~ , , ., especially from the loved ones ofthe? ~ , ,., . ., of the? well, this is a certain sense of— of the? well, this is a certain sense of relief _ of the? well, this is a certain sense of relief for _ of the? well, this is a certain sense of relief for those - of the? well, this is a certain | sense of relief for those loved ones of the m's, friends of the victims, because it spares them the ordeal of a trial, during which they would have to sit through a lot of the very difficult evidence, so in that respect, they are happy that this has happened, that he has pleaded guilty and that has been the overwhelming response that this man, this teenager has indeed pleaded guilty to these charges that were very clearly motivated by hate and indeed this is the first time indeed this is the first time in the state of new york that some of these particular

charges have been, at least an individual has been found guilty to have been motivated by hate. he will be formally sentenced exterior, we know that he will get life in prison without the possibility of parole. he does still face some federal charges and some of those charges do potentially have the death sentence attached to them.- have the death sentence attached to them. peter bows there police in somalia say a day—long siege at a hotel in the capital, mogadishu, has ended with the rescue of 60 people. al shabab militants had been holed up in one of the rooms after taking over the hotel. at least eight civilians and one soldier were killed. tom brada reports. explosions and round after round of gunfire. on monday, a battle lasting more than 20 hours finally came to an end when police regained control of

a mogadishu hotel overrun by militants. translation: al—shabab militants killed al—sha bab militants killed eight al—shabab militants killed eight civilians who stayed in the hotel and security forces succeeded in rescuing about 60 civilians stop no—one among the civilians stop no—one among the civilians was wounded. fin civilians was wounded. on sunday evening al—shabab sunday evening al—sha bab fighters sunday evening al—shabab fighters stormed the hotel armed with explosives and guns stopping the hotel, which is also known as villa rose is just 350 metres from the presidential palace and is popular with politicians and government officials. a number of them were inside when the hotel came under attack popular there was just hotel came under attack popular there wasjust big hotel came under attack popular there was just big explosion, deafening explosion, massive. it shook the foundation of the building in which we were meeting. a show of force from the police finally overwhelmed the police finally overwhelmed the al—shabab militants but this latest season as part of a menacing pattern.— this latest season as part of a menacing pattern. there was a similar attack _ menacing pattern. there was a similar attack on _

menacing pattern. there was a similar attack on another - menacing pattern. there was a similar attack on another hotelj similar attack on another hotel with 21 people were killed and let's remember al—shabab is actually one of the most perfect of branches, affiliates of al-qaeda so it doesn't really pose a big challenge for the government.— the government. somalia's president _ the government. somalia's president has _ the government. somalia's president has pledged - the government. somalia's president has pledged to i the government. somalia's - president has pledged to wage total war against the al—shabab group. this latest attack, carried out so near to the heart of government, suggests there is still some way to go. the world's largest active volcano, mauna loa in hawaii, has started erupting for the first time in nearly a0 years. the authorities have warned of falling ash—but say lava is not an immediate threat to people living nearby. wendy urq hart reports. in the dark of night, the orange glow of lava is visible on the slopes of mauna loa, which sprawls across more than half of hawaii's big island and towers, some 4000 metres above sea level. for years, the volcano has been fast asleep, but on sunday morning,

the united states geological survey, or usgs, recorded the first rumblings in nearly four decades. at first, it was thought the eruption would be contained in the caldera, or summit crater. but now red—hot lava is spewing over the top and smoke, ash and debris is drifting down the mountainside. so far, it's sliding into an area that's uninhabited and is not considered to be life—threatening. the problem is it can change direction and speed very suddenly. so emergency services have been put on high alert and locals have been advised to be ready to move at a moment's notice. there is the potential for lava flow hazards if the eruption continues, and lava flows can make it that far down the slopes of the volcano. and then there's the hazard of volcanic gases to make

what they call vog. this volcanic fog that's can be bad for your respiratory tract because it's got droplets of acid in it. when mauna loa erupted in 1984, the lava came within 8km of the city of hilo, but it's impossible to predict where it will go this time. wendy urquhart, bbc news. julia hammer is a volcanologist at the university of hawaii. she says scientists are able to monitor the eruption data very closely, allowing plenty of notice should people need to evacuate. it's been showing signs of unrest for about a month now and fortunately that gave the hazard managers and the us geological survey staff time to brief the local communities. what wasn't known was exactly when or where the lover would come out, so there is always something to surprise us but it did follow a regular pattern that has been the case for the

most recent times for mauna loa where the eruptions started at the summit and lover emanated in a crack within the summit caldera. but then a few hours after that, caldera. but then a few hours afterthat, by caldera. but then a few hours after that, by early morning this morning it had migrated to the northeast rift zone where it still is erupting from. find it still is erupting from. and i 'ust it still is erupting from. and i just have _ it still is erupting from. and i just have to _ it still is erupting from. and ijust have to ask _ it still is erupting from. and i just have to ask at - it still is erupting from. and ijust have to ask at this i just have to ask at this point, how dangerous is this? is it dangerous? is the situation going to be bad or...? situation going to be bad or. . . ? �* , situation going to be bad or...?�* , , situation going to be bad or...? , ,. ., ., ., or. . . ? best case scenario would be if it had _ or. . . ? best case scenario would be if it had just _ or. . . ? best case scenario would be if it had just stayed - or. . . ? best case scenario would be if it had just stayed at - or. . . ? best case scenario would be if it had just stayed at the i be if it had just stayed at the summit caldera and filled up the nice depression that would have kept it impounded, but after that, the next best case scenario is for it to have erupted exactly where it did, so it is in a very remote, sparsely populated area and it is high on the flank of the volcano so it's got a long way to travel before it reaches any population centres and it is on one of the most gradual slopes,

so unlike the case if it had erupted in the south—west rift zone it would havejust erupted in the south—west rift zone it would have just been a few hours transit time to the ocean because it is so steep over there but where it erupted, it is relatively good spot. erupted, it is relatively good sot. �* ., ., , ., spot. and earlier on you did sa the spot. and earlier on you did say the local— spot. and earlier on you did say the local community - spot. and earlier on you did | say the local community had been briefed, i think there's more than residents on the island, so what does the eruption mean for these people? what happens next? will they be evacuated? ~ what happens next? will they be evacuated?— evacuated? well, actually, it really depends _ evacuated? well, actually, it really depends on _ evacuated? well, actually, it really depends on where - evacuated? well, actually, it really depends on where you | really depends on where you live. so mauna loa is so large that it has kind of coastal frontage on all sides of the island, and not all sides are equally threatened by this eruption, by a wide margin, and so it really depends on exactly where you live and fortunately the instrumentation and the observations are of such high quality and high frequency, there is going to be very rapid

up there is going to be very rapid up dating of folks so that they can make choices based on hours of lead time at minimum, so people will have plenty of time to figure things out, given the frequency of observations. on to football now — brazil and portugal have joined defending champions france in qualifying for the knock out stage of the 2022 world cup in qatar. lucy hockings —has more from doha. it has been an incredible 2a hours for some of the african teams here at the world cup, and it started with that stunning and unexpected victory of morocco's over belgium on sunday night. on monday, first up we saw cameroon draw 3—3 with serbia. it was a thrilling match, lots of twists and turns. cameroon were actually first on the scoresheet but had a breathless end to the first half. we saw two goals for

serbia in added time. they continued their run into the second half. but then it was incredible, cameroon pulled back, scoring two goals in about six minutes, and thatjust changed the whole nature of the game. next it was ghana's turn, they beat south korea 3—2. it has been a roller—coaster for ghana, who became the first nation in a0 years to have both scored and conceded at least five goals after the opening two matches of a specific world cup. and remember, ghana are the bottom ranked team here in qatar. so tuesday is shaping up to be a really fascinating day of games, particularly when you look at some of the rivalries because in group b we have those old foes, the usa and iran taking on each other. and then the british home nations, england and wales, are also playing. lots of people looking forward to that match. then we will see ecuador and senegal, and the hosts qatar against the netherlands in group a. lots to look forward to. another big day at the world

cup. that was lucy hockings there reporting from doha. you can reach me on twitter — i'm @monikaplaha. hello. we started november with temperatures above average for the time of year and some very wet and windy weather. we're going to start december with temperatures nudging below average and the weather becoming increasingly settled. why the difference? well, recently it's all been about these areas of low pressure piling in from the atlantic. and this one looks like it's got good intentions to try and do the same thing through tuesday, but it will get the brakes put on it through the middle of the week by that high extending across from the east. it's quite a slow progression for the high. itjust builds gradually day on day, but by the weekend it becomes properly established across us and by then it will tap us into

some much colder air. we've seen temperatures across russia recently well below average and that colder air will come across towards scandinavia, then the uk. first thing tuesday, on the chilly side, many of us seeing a patchy frost and some dense patches of fog, which in some areas could linger. we're only going to see very light variable winds across the uk through tuesday. so, where we get the fog lingering, our temperatures will be pegged back and even where it lifts in some areas, it may stick around as low cloud. these are the best of our temperatures and these are anticipated for areas where we do see the sun coming out and you can see they are lower than we've been seeing recently, we're sliding down that single figure scale. overnight tuesday into wednesday some mist and murk initially, but the wind likely to pick up to the south of the uk through the small hours of wednesday. so, perhaps actually clearer skies to the south first thing wednesday and a little milder. coldest spots on wednesday i think first thing will be across northern and eastern scotland and then through wednesday daytime there's that front towards the west. well, it mayjust manage to get some rain into northern ireland and western scotland through the day, but for the majority it's the high coming to dominate. the winds perhaps up a little

on the winds on tuesday, may mean we've got lesser issues in terms of lingering mist and fog, but i think there could be quite a lot of low cloud around. so quite grey, quite gloomy for many. and there's that rain just briefly making its way into northern ireland and western scotland. because we're going to have a little bit more of a breeze and therefore a slightly milder start to wednesday, temperatures perhaps just nudge up briefly on those figures from tuesday. but as the high continues to build through the end of the week and takes us into the weekend, our wind will pick up, our easterly wind. mist and fog shouldn't be such an issue, but we really will start to drive through that chillier air.

this is bbc news. the headlines: security has been tightened across china as the authorities try to suppress protests taking place against covid lockdowns. officers have been out in force in the capital, beijing, where protesters had gathered on sunday, some calling for president xi to step down. a teenager who carried out a racist massacre in the us city of buffalo has pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism charges. payton gendron shot dead 10 people at a supermarket six months ago. his plea means he will be sentenced to life in prison. charities in the philippines say there's been a sharp increase in the sexual exploitation of children online since the pandemic.

a bbc special report found that much of the abuse is filmed