this is bbc news. we'll have the headlines all all the main news stories for you at the top of the hour as newsday continues a straight after hard talk. welcome to hardtalk. i'm stephen sackur, and today i'm in oslo for the presentation of this year's nobel peace prize. there are threejoint winners, two of them human rights organisations, one from ukraine, one from russia, the third an imprisoned political dissident from belarus. now, obviously, he cannot be here, but i am joined by leaders of the two human rights groups from

kyiv and from moscow. in the past, when i've interviewed joint winners, it has been together, but not this year. the ukrainians insisted on separate interviews, one telling indication of the sensitivities surrounding this year's nobel peace prize. oleksandra matviichuk, welcome to hardtalk, and many congratulations on winning the nobel peace prize with your organisation, the center for civil liberties. thank you. i have to ask you, now that you are away from kyiv, from your home, you're here in oslo to receive the prize, how strange does it feel? it's a huge contrast.

now we know that everything which we call normal life and take for granted is very fragile. the most positive is that there are a lot of things which became secondary, and there are only several things, you have a sharp feeling that they are important in our life. i imagine there are also bittersweet feelings about this ceremony, which you are now part of because you are a joint winner. one of the otherjoint winners, and his photograph is next to you, is ales bialiatski from belarus. he is in prison. yes. i know you know him quite well. what are your feelings? you are able to be here and he is not. it's, like, nobel peace prize during the war, and all of us paying a high price for fighting for freedom, for democracy and for human rights. and this is a second imprisonment of ales bialiatski.

he is an extremely brave person, so he will continue this battle, even in prison. you know that inside your own country, in ukraine, there are people, significant voices who feel that this prize... ..is unacceptable, that taking a prize alongside a russian, albeit a russian human rights campaigner, sends the wrong message, some sort of message of equivalency between the two sides in this conflict. what do you say to your own people who have that view? first of all, i want to explain the western audience why some part of ukrainians are annoyed at it, because it can be similar and look like to the old soviet narrative about sisters nations which were circulated during soviet union. and it was a huge lie because they weren't sisters nation. only one nation dominate, only one culture dominate, only one language prevail.

but this nobel peace prize is not about countries. this nobel peace prize is a very human stories, because it's about people. it's about human rights defenders who jointly resist with common evil who want again to dominate in our region, and in this regard, it's like, remind me the motto of soviet dissidents, "foryours and for ours freedom." when i have interviewed nobel peace prize winners in the past who've jointly received the award, they've been together and we've talked as a group. you wanted to do this alone, separate, not with yan rachinsky, who's won the award on behalf of russian memorial human rights group. why? as i mentioned before, memorial is our partner and we work for years and they help us a lot. and i have a huge respect to all my russian human rights

colleagues who do their work in very difficult circumstances. now, in the.. now we are in a war and we want to make the voices of ukrainian human rights defender tangible, as well as russian human rights defenders tangible. so i'm sure that regardless that we are doing separate interviews, we... we transmit and deliver the same messages. but symbolically, some might feel your message is that there can be no dialogue right now with russians, any russians, even human rights activist russians. is that your message or not? no, it's not my message, because in practice, we are not even in dialogue with russian human rights defenders. we're in constantly daily work, especially during the war, when we are finding ourselves in the circumstances that we defend people

when the law doesn't work. tell me about the evolution of your center for civil liberties, because it seems to me when it was set up, the primary focus was on internal issues inside ukraine, a focus on rule of law, independentjudiciary, rooting out the endemic corruption inside your country. but right now, your focus seems to be absolutely on the cataloguing, the holding to account of russia for suspected war crimes on ukrainian territory. has there been a fundamental shift of focus? the center for civil liberties 15 years�* fight for human rights and human dignity, and when circumstances changed, we worked very flexibly to be effective in the new world which emerged. so when russia started this war in 2014, we was the first human rights organisation who sent

mobile groups to crimea, to luhansk and donetsk regions to document war crimes. and we have done it for eight years. i have personally interviewed more than 100 people who survived captivity, and they told me horrible stories, how they were beaten, how they were raped, how their fingers were cut, how their nails were torn away, how their nails were drilled, how they were tortured with electricity. and the horror of the situation is that after a large—scale invasion, this practice is multiplied to another region where russians are present for current moment. how do you, as one organisation which struggles for resources, how do you begin to cope with your... ..determined search for accountability and justice? how do you do it? we united our efforts with several dozens of human rights organisations,

mostly regional ones, and we created a ukrainian network of local documentators. we have an ambitious goal to document in chronological order each criminal episode which was committed in the smallest village in each oblast in ukraine, and working together only for the nine months of this large—scale invasion, we jointly documented 27,000 episodes of war crimes. and i ask myself, for whom do we document all this information for? because now we face with a very visible accountability gap when the national legal system is overloaded with an extreme amount of crimes, and international criminal court will limit investigation only to several select cases. so the question is who will provide justice for hundreds of thousands of victims of the war crimes?

and this is the issue in which center for civil liberties is working for current moment. yeah, you have said very publicly that you want to see accountability go to the very top. i put it to you that none of the mechanisms that the international community has, led by the international criminal court, the icc at the hague, none of them, frankly, are capable of bringing vladimir putin to any kind of courtroom. history convincingly proves that authoritarian regimes collapse, and their leaders who think that they are untouchable appeared under the court. and i believe that law is a very dynamic material. we live in a new century and we can fill this accountability gap with a new additional international mechanism. and we must change the approach to work around justice, to provide justice for all victims, not only for those who will be lucky to be selected by international criminal court.

let me ask you a very basic question. here we are celebrating your winning, jointly winning the nobel peace prize. but right now, you are not a woman with a message of peace. it seems you believe that the war has to continue, that ukraine must be victorious, and you are asking the international community to send more weapons to ukraine. so yours is not right now a message focused on peace. it is a message actually focused on war. is that fair? we have to change our paradigm of thinking, because there will not be sustainable peace in our region without justice, because russian troops for decades committed war crimes in different countries and they have never been punished for this. and this led to a situation that russia started to believe they can do whatever they wanted. so we must break the circle of impunity in order to stop the situation when russia use

war as a tool, how to achieve geopolitical interests, and use war crimes and the methods how to win this war. do you see this war as fundamentally a putin problem or a russia problem? because they're somewhat different. unfortunately, majority of russians supported this war, and putin governs his country not only with repressions and censorship, but like with a special contract, a social contract which is based on so—called russian glory. and that's why a success of ukraine is... ..will provide a huge impact to the democratic future of russia itself, because then russian people will rethink their imperialistic ambitions and will open a path to democracy.

final question, there will eventually be an end to this war. goodness knows when it will come. but are you confident that the ukraine that emerges from this war will match your ambition to see a genuinely free, democratic ukraine, which does meet the standards of europe when it comes to rule of law, independent judiciary, a government free of corruption? i'm not a person who predict future. i belong to a person who create the future what we are going to see, and i work and the whole center for civil liberties are working in order to live in a country where the work of our organisation will be not needed any more. previously, when there have been joint winners of the peace prize, i've spoken to them together, but not this time. the ukrainians insisted

on separate interviews, so then i spoke to yan rachinsky, chair of the russian human rights group memorial. i want to ask you how you feel about being here in oslo receiving the award on behalf of memorial, your organisation, but also, i imagine, painfully aware that one of the other recipients of the award, ales bialiatski, whose picture is beside you, he's not here, he's in prison, he cannot be here.

i know there are connections and networks of human rights activists across your region, and i know, too, that you personally are familiar with the work of the winner of the award from ukraine, oleksandra matviichuk. but you also know that there are powerful voices in ukraine who say this award of the peace prize jointly to a russian and a ukrainian is wrong, it is symbolically wrong. and they seem to wish that the ukrainians had not accepted the prize. what is your message to those people?

memorial�*s mission, which has been established for many years now, is primarily about accounting and truth—telling for the past, for the crimes committed, particularly during the years of stalin's terror in the soviet union. would it be fair to say that your focus is primarily on accountability in history

rather than accountability in russia today?

is there an irony here? your presence in oslo receiving the nobel peace prize at a time when putin has effectively liquidated your organisation, your offices have been closed, your finances have been frozen. is it actually, right now in 2022, possible for you in memorial to do your work?

the fact is, in russia, you are now labelled as a foreign agent. indeed, we know, because some of your colleagues in the past have been killed, and many other human rights workers in russia have faced intimidation and the threat of death. we know that your own personal safety cannot be guaranteed. so how can you continue your work?

do you think that, in many ways, memorial has failed? because your core message has

always been that the russian people need to learn the lessons, the very bleak lessons of the soviet past. but in many ways, given what is happening inside russia today and what russia is doing in ukraine, it seems those lessons have not been learned. but it means 80% of the people either acquiesce or actively support putin's current policies, including the invasion and

occupation of ukraine.

when you talk to me about the absolute control that the putin government currently exercises over russia and its people, i'm thinking maybe things haven't changed so very much from the age of stalin and that extreme authoritarianism. so i'm just wondering

whether you feel there is any hope right now for a different sort of russia, a russia that recognises the need for a strong civil society, independentjudiciary, the rule of law, all the things that memorial wants to see. do you have any faith at all that they can be achieved in your lifetime?

yan rachinsky, i thank you very much for joining me on hardtalk. thank you. spasibo vam.

hello there. for many of us, the cold weather is going to last for the rest of this week, and we had some sunshine on monday, but it was a fairly cold start to the day. temperatures here got down to —15.7, this is the lowest temperature recorded in the uk for over a year. and after such a cold start to the day, temperatures only got up to —9 in braemar, that made it the coldest day for over a decade according to professional data from the met office. the cold weather has been brought in by an area of high pressure over greenland. that's losing its grip, and as we head into began, and as we head into the weekend, there are signs of something of a change across southwestern areas with some of us seeing a return to milder weather. before we get there, over the next few hous, we could have issues around with ice patches around, particularly for northern ireland, northern and eastern scotland, down the eastern side

of england, mist and fog also causing problems. northeast england across the midlands, wales, lincolnshire, visibility and a few spots down to 100 metres in few places, and we sometimes see some of the lowest temperatures at about 9:00pm at this time of the year, that temperature overnight low record in braemar is under threat, it has been cold over recent hours. today, a bit of sunshine, the greater field to the weather generally of east anglia and south east england. further showers falling as snow across northern scotland to watch out for. cold for just about everyone, however, we are watching us is to move into the english channel. you might even see a little bit of wintriness from this. it's just something we are keeping a close eye on. away from that, as we look at the better picture at the weather picture into the middle part of the week, we are going to continue with those cold northerly winds. they will bring lots of snow showers to northern areas of scotland, and as the winds pick up here, we are looking at some blizzards and some drifting up over the high ground. elsewhere, wednesday will bring a largely fine and sunny day, a few showers coming down

at coastal areas at time, some of them could be wintry, but for most it's a sunday that but for most it's a sunny but really cold kind of day with temperatures not really changing a great deal through the rest of this week. now we are looking ahead later in the week and really on into the weekend for that change to milder conditions. the transition might bring some rain and perhaps a little bit of snow for one or two of you for a time. eventually, south—westerly winds will bring that mild air. it looks like change will heading in time for the weekend. you can find out more about where you live by looking at the bbc weather app on android or apple.

welcome to newsday, reporting live from singapore. i'm mariko oi. the headlines: police in the bahamas arrest the former head of the collapsed cryptocurrency exchange — ftx — at the request of the united states. more than 30 years after the lockerbie air—crash, the accused bomb—maker is charged at a court in the us. more covid measures eased in china — the government announces it's turning off a phone app tracks people's movements. the european parliament's president says the institution and european democracy is under attack following a bribery scandal. and joining up — bts starjin starts his mandatory

south korean military duty.