this is bbc news. i'm lewis vaughanjones and these are the headlines. prime minister rishi sunak says he's willing to discuss the issue of pay with the nurses�* union to settle strikes but didn't make a firm commitment to increase salaries. china has fully opened its borders for the first time since the start of the covid pandemic with international travellers no longer having to quarantine on arrival. at least two people have been killed as russia bombs ukrainian cities overnight, minutes after its self—imposed ceasefire ended. ukraine reportedly retaliated by attacking two thermal power plants in the russian—controlled donetsk region.

iran has been widely condemned after executing two more anti—government protesters. mohammad mahdi karami and seyed mohammad hosseini had appealed against their sentences for killing a member of the security forces, saying they had been tortured into making false confessions. military helicopters in western australia airlift more than 200 people cut off by devastating floods. the state's emergency services minister describes the damage as a once—in—a—century event. prince harry reveals that he felt guilty for being unable to show any emotion in public after the death of his mother, princess diana. in an interview due to be aired later, the duke of sussex says he only cried once and describes meeting mourners whose hands were wet with tears. you're watching bbc news. now it's time for click.

as cop27 winds up in egypt, this week we'll look at some of the latest tech that is trying to clean up our planet. we'll muster up a mass of moss that's mopping up the mess in the air. that's easy for you to say! we will find out if hydrogen can do the heavy lifting. and check out our latest merch. if you don't like the band, don't worry, the logo comes back off. once again, the leaders of the world have been coming together in an effort to fight climate change. as cop27 comes to a close, campaigners are warning that key commitments aimed at securing the future of the planet are at risk. in the year since cop26 happened here in glasgow,

there has been a lot of criticism that the event was all talk and not much action. change is not going to come from inside there, that is not leadership. this is leadership. these un climate summits bring together thousands of delegates from governments, science and pressure groups from around the world. the aim is to provide the support for all countries to be able to reduce their carbon emissions and deal with any issues that climate change will inevitably cause. the world is warming because of emissions produced by burning fossilfuels, like oil, gas and coal. yet global temperatures are heading towards 1.5 celsius above pre—industrial levels, and if they go to 1.8 celsius, scientists warn that half the world's population could be exposed to life—threatening heat and humidity. climate scientists have warned that change needs to come from the top, from governments and companies. but science and innovation will play an important part.

so, this week, we're going to look at some of the latest green ideas. and first off, take a deep breath. deep inhalation and exhale if you live in the green, it's easy to forget what life is like in the grey. the air literally can smell sweeter, and it's definitely cleaner. the world health organization says air pollution poses a major threat to health and climate, and it kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year. now, we're not all going to move back to nature, but what if we could bring nature into the cities? just outside berlin, this company is trying to freshen up our urban air. this is a biofilter which is sucking air in through the bottom and pumping it back out through this wall of moss. to illustrate that,

we've got a smoke machine from the local discotheque. and if i just show you... there you go. it's going in through the bottom and out through the moss. and what happens to the air as it comes back out through the moss is where the magic happens. moss eats pollution. it sticks to its tiny leaves. it's absorbed, digested, and then is turned into more moss. so, as fans draw dirty air in, the bad stuff is left on the moss�* leaves, leaving cleaner air to flow back out. the idea of using moss�* natural filtering properties came to the founder after he went for a jog. so, i was in shanghai and i did a lot of exercise outdoors to get back in shape, so go out for runs. and after i think two or three months, i started to have difficulties breathing and that's when i thought maybe i caught the flu, maybe i caught the cold, and it kept on lasting

until the point i really left china, left shanghai and went went back to germany. and only after i came back, i realised, "hey, there's definitely a connection to the air quality in china and my personal health." that's when it clicked and i realised i have to do something about the air quality in cities. for the past eight years, green city solutions have been growing moss up to 15 times faster than in nature. each moss mat takes just under 12 weeks to grow. and i have to say, there's something very soothing about being in their greenhouse. do you just come in here and stroke the moss? when i'm stressed! cool about moss is that this plant doesn't have roots, so they can capture all nutrients through the walls of leaves or leaves�* surface.

so, you can imagine, like the normal plants, it takes the nutrients from the earth, but it's moss, it can capture everything. the second thing is, like, every plant, moss can absorb c02 because it needs for photosynthesis, for the energy. but the benefit is the density of the moss is pretty high, so we need this higher leaf—surface ratio to capture as much as possible. so, now we are going to take a sample. you? i can do it? for sure. let's tweeze some moss. got some. perfect. now we can have a look under the microscope. there we go. and it's in the lab where we'll get to see moss�*s super power. the plant acts a lot like a human lung, whose high surface area can absorb a lot of the air in one go. and just like the lungs of a smoker, which end up getting blackened by tar, moss could act like the lungs of a city, eventually being covered in the stuff that we don't want to breathe. so, this is from our

one active products. and the black, the black bits are the... exactly. this is the fine dust or particles from polluted air. and these are the green cells. and it means that the moss is still healthy because it's green. but they are pretty powerful. really good. moss fan. well, yeah, iam, somehow! as well as pulling pollutants out of the air, there's another advantage to these biofilters, too. here's a piece of moss and here's a thermal—imaging camera, and you can see the temperature is about room temperature. but, look, when i point this at the air that's coming out of the moss, when you switch the ventilation on, look how much cooler it is. so, not only does this clean the air, it cools it too. and of course, pulling pollutants out of the atmosphere could help cool more than just your local surroundings. air pollution and climate change are also directly related.

we have pollutants in air pollution — for instance, black carbon — which speed up the heating of the planet. and by binding those pollutants, we also help to decelerate climate change. you'll already see these biofilters in several cities around the world, although you might not have realised that you're sitting in front of a load of moss. and to make sure the moss is as effective and long—lived as possible, the health of each moss mat can be monitored from hq. an algorithm can control the irrigation, depending on the individual conditions. so, in the future, i would envision that many buildings and the facades of the buildings would be covered in our solutions and, of course, you could also have motorways — large stretches. you could also use our moss filters to clean and cool the air and maybe even protect it from noise. moss on its own won't solve the climate crisis, but in amongst the talk of inventing greener

technologies, it may be worth taking a lead from something that's been right under our feet the whole time. after all, nature has been regulating the environment much longer than we've been disrupting it. moss — who'd have thought it could be so useful? the lungs of a city! nature's natural filter. now, as companies try to reduce their carbon footprint and their impact on the climate, there are lots of different things that they could try. you could change your manufacturing process, how you transport goods or even move factories, but all of these are big things to do, so you really need to know which is going to work best. how do you do it? answer — get yourself a digitaltwin! you make a virtual copy of your entire business and try stuff out in that first. alasdair keane's been to see the makers of dettol, who are trying to assess whether they can make their new products more sustainable or not. we use these kinds of products every day, from cleaning tabletops

to personal hygiene and health. these brands are made by one company, called reckitt, and the industry to get them from factories to our homes is fast—moving and comes with a big impact on the planet. not huge, but important that we look at that carbon footprint and think how are we going to reduce it, decarbonise it? the product carbon footprint — that's everything from the raw materials, all the way through to people using products — has to come down by 50% by 2030. that's going to take longer process. that's where we have to think not just about our factories, but the ingredients that we use, the packaging that we use. to work out how they can meet targets, the company is turning to a digital replica of everything they do through a programme called risilience. so, this is it. this is the digital twin. this is risilience. this is risilience�*s version of different companies. we map them as a digital twin.

we're looking at the data from a pretend company but the programme is bringing together lots of information, such as the miles that individual ingredients are shipped or how much energy each factory uses. it then runs lots of scenarios over the company to see how sustainable it is now and in the future. we've got a large team of analysts who compile a lot of data forecasts out into the future, looking at how policy's likely to change in different countries of the world and how taxes are likely to change. the digital twin is also helping firms map the impact climate change is already having on their operations. so, this is an example of its factories in the united states and how they might be subjected to future patterns of hurricane risk. and look at how often it's going to get disrupted, the cost to the business of that particular thing. and then, a company can then start to make changes in the laboratories here. they can work on a new product, put it into the programme and find out if it will make a difference?

exactly, yes. so, that's where we're heading next. safety goggles on, as i've been given rare access to the room where the next big thing in cleaning could be on the verge of discovery, and where they're also adjusting existing product lines. we changed one of the ingredients, so it now uses lactic acid, and that's plant—based and it has a lower carbon footprint. and, so, we looked at what risilience was telling us about where carbon footprints and maybe carbon tax in the future will affect us and we thought, what are the ingredients we can change? and by moving to lower carbon ingredients — things like lactic acid, which is developed from fermenting maize — we were able to reduce the carbon footprint and that means it's set up for the future — a low—carbon, low—water economy. reckitt aren't the only ones turning to this tech. there are estimates the market for digital twins could be worth billions of dollars over the next decade. but having all the data on sustainability is one thing. companies need to act on it.

i think when a lot of people hear about big companies and sustainability, they probably roll their eyes because big companies are out to make money. what is the balance there between being more sustainable and still bringing pounds in? well, the key here is how we can decarbonise and still grow. so, if we can achieve our ambition to be net zero by 2040, we can grow as well, and that decouples those two topics. it could be years before we know if the decisions companies are making now will really help the planet. this tech is making that a little bit less of a gamble. that was alasdair. now it is time for a look at this week's tech news. google has agreed to pay nearly $400 million to settle a privacy case. it had been accused by a0 american states of misleading users

into believing location tracking was switched off. the search engine says the claim was based on policies that changed years ago. uber says it expects people to keep using it even as their budgets get squeezed. the firm is branching out to let users book trains and buses in the app, but it also told us that more drivers have joined them. potentially we can serve those needs of customers who decide no longer to have their own car but to use us instead and, in tough economic times, to me, that make total sense. food delivery firm deliveroo says it is quitting australia because of tough economic conditions. the country's government has been putting pressure on companies to improve gig workers�* conditions. animal crossing's first e—cycling centre! intel has created a land on the game animal crossing to help educate us on how to recycle old tech. the firm says electronic waste

is rising three times faster than the world�*s population. the steam train — first built in 180a, it made rail travel cheap and suddenly everything seemed much closer to home. industry rolled on, and by the 1960s, electric and diesel trains had replaced steam. today, around the world, most high—speed trains are powered by electricity. at the bo�*ness and kinneil railway, engineers have also moved on from the past and into technologies of the future, where they are working towards cleaner rail travel. this is a little train that could be powered by hydrogen. the train itself is not new. instead, this is where old technology meets new and a test

of where hydrogen power might be a viable option on our railways. the technology beneath my feet is relatively new for the railway but one of the interesting things about this project is that this train is actually quite old, built in 1979. it has been retrofitted to run on hydrogen. so, what was a class 314 headed for the scrapheap is now a class 614 hydrogen—powered train. the hydrogen is stored in tanks underneath the carriages along with the hydrogen fuel cell which converts the hydrogen back to electricity which powers the train. all that is emitted is steam and water. the hydrogen needed to power the train is made on site. electricity from renewable sources is used to split water, creating hydrogen. that is then compressed, compressed again, and then stored ready for refuelling the train. but if most of the uk rail

network is electrified, what part will hydrogen play? some commentators say that hydrogen is actually a distraction and what we should be focusing on is fully electrifying our railway lines. if you have a route where you cannot do overhead electrification and the route is too long or there is not time to charge, then the hydrogen train fills that gap. you can get a range approaching diesel, you can refuel quickly and you can transport hydrogen multiple ways. so the hydrogen train fulfils some operational requirements you cannot meet with other approaches. it is not the only area of transport looking to use this element. aberdeen is a city built on oil and gas, but it is now home to the first hydrogen—powered double—decker buses in the world. how does this work? what we have, watch your head, in total more than 25

kilograms of hydrogen. that will pump the hydrogen to the fuel cell here, it mixes with fresh air and then, in the process, we end up getting electricity that comes out. this gets sent into a battery and from there, goes to the battery controller, just the same as an electric vehicle. to get these clean and green buses up and running, hydrogen refuelling stations were set up around aberdeen. it�*s just like filling the bus with diesel. instead the pumps are stocked with hydrogen. when do you think diesel is consigned to the garages of history and the majority of your fleet are running on renewable products? five to ten years, definitely. certainly, as a group, we will not buy any diesel buses in the future, it will be electric or gas or hydrogen buses. thank you, driver. it is notjust buses looking

to hydrogen as a fuel of the future. this is the first of its kind, zero—emission hydrogen—electric hgv which runs off renewable electricity and, like the hydrogen buses, water is its only waste. in the hgv sector, we�*re seeing hydrogen is the only technology that is able to give the long range, the heavy payloads and quick refuelling time. if you think about what we currently do, which is we drive around with flammable liquid in our cars with small explosions going on around our knees and a tank of flammable liquid behind us, hydrogen is much safer because these tanks are very solid, they have triple—layer carbon fibre reinforced. so there is a place for hydrogen in transport. if we continue at our current rate, scientists estimate our fossil fuels will be burned out by 2060. we know the way we travel must change and we can no longer rely on nonrenewable energy sources to fuel our way of life.

with hydrogen and electric hybrids set to be the future, clean solutions are here to stay. that was laura. in my coat! i noticed that, actually. talking of clothing, we have spoken in the past about problems with fast fashion. these are clothes that are so cheap that they kind of feel disposable. we have seen new ways of being able to recycle fabric but this week we are taking a look at a problem that i for one didn�*t even know existed. luckily, shiona mccallum has found the solution. we know that fashion hurts the earth. more than 92 million tonnes of textile waste is created every year. recycling is possible but chemical dyes and prints often prevent this. if you are anything like me and buy merchandise every

time you go to a gig, you may have loads of band t—shirts but sometimes your tastes do change and you are stuck with these logos forever. 0ne team here in gothenburg are trying to change that. the idea is that they print the t—shirts, strip them back and reprint them so they can be used again, again and again. the start—up is not changing traditional fabric inks. instead, it has developed an invisible layer that goes onto the fabric first. made from entirely friendly ingredients. this can disolve allowing the top design to be removed. what is the tech that goes into creating this recipe? it is all about a balance and trying to find the sweet spot for both the functionality but as well as stability. we look at the charge of the component, we study the films that we create through a microscope

as well as the textiles that we are applying the print to. is there any waste product here? we create the volume for what we are trying. the mix is applied at an industrial partner where it is easily brought into the screen printing process. hello, welcome to sweden and gothenburg! i think you have a surprise in store for me? yes, i do. today we are going to print a click band t—shirt. i am excited to see how it works. let�*s get started. the final result is here. i love it. how could i ever want this to be removed? use it as long as possible and then remove it.

just for you guys, i will take this t—shirt back to the lab and see if the technology can completely remove the logo. right now, this means putting the t—shirt in a bowl with the chemical. it is then treated at high—temperatures and left for about an hour. afterwards, there is a secret technique in getting the print to physically come off and it should get better as the recipe and the process is fine tuned. we have some traces left. the band logo has gone and i can only see a few speckles of pink. a pretty good job. i reckon you could print on top of that and you would not notice. this would be good for recycling? definitely good for recycling. which is the main point so it won�*t end up in landfill along with traditionally inked up garments. another test processed more precisely without the delays of us

messing about filming has come up even cleaner. you can get it more less completely off? we are 100% sure of that. wearers are not expected to strip their own t shirts at home. the t—shirt companies use our technology, people get to get the textile and then we take it back. with several large european partners already developing their own garments, there is clearly an appetite for closing this circle. with more than 100 billion items made each year, it has never been more important to make all textiles recyclable. i did keep one of these just for my next gig, though. that is it for this look at some of the latest innovations that are hoping to tackle climate change. it will take much more than those to make a dent on rising global temperatures but when we see something that we think is promising, we will make sure you see it as well. thanks for watching, we will see you soon. bye— bye.

hello there. i wet and windy start to the new year and little in the way of respite over the next few days to come. ,, y respite over the next few days to come. ,, , , , , respite over the next few days to come. ,, y,, h, come. sunny spells and scattered showers making _ come. sunny spells and scattered showers making for— come. sunny spells and scattered showers making for beautiful- showers making for beautiful rainbows but we have had the odd rumble of thunder and lightning as well. the clouds circulating around the area of low pressure, moving in from the west, where the wettest of the weather has been so far with the strongest wind gusts in the far north—west of scotland. heavy rain north—west of scotland. heavy rain north—west of scotland. heavy rain north—west of the great glens, snow to higher ground with some rain moving from west to east across

england and wales. cooler compared to the last couple of days. as we go through the evening and overnight, the rain will tend to fade away to scattered coastal showers and with clearer skies in eastern scotland and eastern england, potentially low single figures. chilly start in comparison to recent days. hopefully more sunshine tomorrow. and fewer showers. plenty of showers piling in from the north—west and pushing into north—west england and across the pennines potentially. highest temperatures in the south—west. because the wind direction is swinging to north—westerly, slightly fresher. more wet weather arriving tuesday into wednesday and that will drag with it on the south—westerly wind milderair drag with it on the south—westerly wind milder air source for a time, a pendulum swing in temperatures through tuesday, but tuesday will be cloudy, wet and windy for many. mild

but with cloud and rain pretty academic really. strong gusts of winds in the north and west particularly, strengthening through the evening. in terms of the feel of the evening. in terms of the feel of the weather, the windows background to south—westerly, slightly milder. we could see a spell of severe gales for a time tuesday night into the early hours of wednesday morning in the far north of scotland on the southern flank of the low. but as the load drifts to scandinavia, leaving a trail of showers behind. through the remaining week, it stays unsettled with showers and longer spells of rain.

good afternoon. the prime minister has said the government is willing to talk to the health unions about their pay demands. rishi sunak said the government was happy to discuss pay which was "responsible and affordable for the country". the leader of the royal college of nursing said mr sunak�*s statement offered "a chink of optimism". the unions are to hold talks with the government tomorrow,