hello, i'm lewis vaughanjones. this is outside source. two powerful earthquakes devastate turkey and syria, killing over 2,000 people. the first struck in the middle of the night. it's feared thousands are trapped in the rubble of their homes. the earthquake measured 7.8 and was felt as far away as lebanon and cyprus. translation: we've all heard the sound of the earthquake. l her sister is still trapped under the rubble. translation: there are 12 families trapped here - and no—one managed to get out. they are all inside here. rescue workers comb through the rubble in a race against time to reach survivors, with freezing temperatures forecast overnight.

and turkey issues an international appeal for help. we'll be taking a look at how world leaders are responding. welcome to the programme. we begin in turkey and northern syria, where two powerful earthquakes have killed more than 2,000 people. many more injured and still missing. we'll look at the damage done and the rescue operations. first, let's see where this happened. the first earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 — the epicentre in turkey's gaziantep province. there have been almost 30 other shocks in the region, all powerful enough to magnify the damage. a second major earthquake 130km north of the first one. these pictures show buildings collapsing in south—east turkey. the country has declared a state of emergency. here's president erdogan. translation: we do not know how far

the number of dead and injured - will rise as debris removal works continue in many buildings in the earthquake zone. our hope is that we will recover from this disaster with the least loss of life. to northern syria now. the response effort is more complicated because of the civil war there. this was a rescue of one small child in azaz. this is in idlib province. you can see the way buildings have collapsed, layers of concrete sandwiched together. and these drone pictures show the aftermath in sarmada, in north—west syria. syrian government figures say over 800 people have been killed. and the white helmets rescue group, which operates in opposition—held parts of syria, says hundreds are dead in those areas. that's an overview of the where things stand in the two countries. let's go to our reporters on the ground now.

our middle east correspondent is in osmaniye in turkey. i arrived in adana earlier, as he to that city, buildings which have just collapsed where they stood our rescue workers, everybody who can particular young men, have been trying to pull away the rubble. i've moved towards the epicentre, and it is in complete darkness. you can see what a devastating picture it is here this evening. it is absently pouring with rain, which is really hampering the rescue efforts. the only reason you can see me is because of car headlights. there is no power at all. the family behind me have chosen to come out on the streets because we're still feeling regular aftershocks. they let some wood, they're trying to stay warm.

they stand out here in the middle of the road because they are still concerned, as are so many, thousands of people here tonight that there may still be more buildings to collapse. this takes an obsolete huge area of which the city is just one snapshot, but as you move around, there are piles of bricks and rubble where shop fronts have fallen out, where windows have broken and crashed. a few minutes ago, i was at the scene of they think is a hotel which has collapsed on itself. they've managed to get some lights there in a crane, and they're trying to swing away the big pieces of masonry. houses also saw another building collapse down the road, and that was in complete darkness. i think it's just they simply don't have the resources at the moment to be able to mount full—scale refuge efforts —— rescue

efforts. this is a city which is struggling tonight. there are so many more across southern turkey, villages as well, where people are really trying to feel with these —— deal with these desperate conditions knowing that help in many cases is going to take a long time still avoid that was anna foster giving us avoid that was anna foster giving us a flavour of the conditions of avoid that was anna foster giving us a flavour of the conditions— a flavour of the conditions of the round. emre temel is from the bbc�*s turkish service. hejoins me now from istanbul. thanks for coming on the programme. just bring us up—to—date with what is the latest. it’s just bring us up-to-date with what is the latest-— is the latest. it's been announced that the advice _ is the latest. it's been announced that the advice of _ is the latest. it's been announced that the advice of the _ is the latest. it's been announced that the advice of the palace, - is the latest. it's been announced | that the advice of the palace, 661, more than 11,000 people have been wounded. the number of buildings which have been destroyed is over 5600. turkish officials say 6545

people have been rescued, but they are risking —— racing against time. president erdogan has declared seven days of national mourning. the un assembly also absorbed silence in today's victims. just assembly also absorbed silence in today's victims.— today's victims. just give us an idea of the _ today's victims. just give us an idea of the conditions - today's victims. just give us an idea of the conditions now, - today's victims. just give us an | idea of the conditions now, the weather. we're going into night time, which will make things hard enough. what about the weather conditions in the areas impacted? well, we are in the middle of winter and the conditions are making everything really difficult. the authorities were struggling with extremely severe weather conditions. rain and freezing conditions impede operations, and the winter blizzard covered major roads in the region,

unofficial say three major airports in the region are inoperable. social media is full of people posting and searching for their loved ones under the rubble. ~ , ,., , searching for their loved ones under the rubble. ~ , ,, ., the rubble. absolutely desperate. you can hardly — the rubble. absolutely desperate. you can hardly imagine _ the rubble. absolutely desperate. you can hardly imagine being - the rubble. absolutely desperate. you can hardly imagine being one| the rubble. absolutely desperate. i you can hardly imagine being one of those families doing what you just described there. give us an idea for people who don't know the country. how use to earthquakes is it and what the level of preparedness and how unusual is this?— how unusual is this? turkey is one ofthe how unusual is this? turkey is one of the most _ how unusual is this? turkey is one of the most earthquake _ how unusual is this? turkey is one of the most earthquake prone - of the most earthquake prone countries in the world. it's located between two major tectonic plates. most are located on the antonia and tectonic plate. that's why turkey is very known for regular earthquakes.

today's earthquake, the first earthquake, magnitude 7.7, was the second biggest earthquake in its history of turkey. 1939, collected more than 30,000 people. well remembered by our audience in 1999, there was a population near the country's biggest, killed more than 17,000 people. turkish government has collected so—called 88 billion l, $4.7 billion. this was directed to the treasury. that's why lots of people in social media are criticising the government. in

addition to this, i should also say that opposition parties have not criticised the government after today's earthquake.— criticised the government after today's earthquake. thank you so much for that, _ today's earthquake. thank you so much for that, giving _ today's earthquake. thank you so much for that, giving us - today's earthquake. thank you so much for that, giving us the - today's earthquake. thank you so | much for that, giving us the latest details there on the latest casualty figures. unfortunately, many people are expecting that to climb. 2600 or so, the latest figure. i know you'll be keeping across the latest developments and lines for us. let's talk more about the rescue efforts. we can take a look at these life pictures. this is from the turkish city, and it's only going to make things much more challenging in the dark. those rest room as we can see art will continue working through the night —— rescuers. crews have been working since before dawn. the

force —— first quake hit at 4:17 a:m.. there've been some successful rescues. this man was carried to safety close to the epicentre of the earthquake. applause you can hear the applause there. that was after another survivor was pulled from the rubble of a collapsed building. in the city of adana, hundreds were involved in the rescue effort, forming a chain and using buckets there to clear the rubble. that'sjust using buckets there to clear the rubble. that's just a few of the rescue efforts going on right across the country. a professor on how is coping. in terms of the rescue and search, it's really important... nothing is the first 24—48 hours. that's a critical time and i hope that... as i said, this is a very big disaster, and the international community really needs to come together and help turkey.

this is very difficult for any single country. i really appreciate that 48 countries have now supported help to turkey because, as i say, this is a time that we do need to be quick. that's the rescue efforts in turkey. in syria, the country's civil defence service, also known as the white helmets, are working to rescue people. they spent the day digging through rubble. this is idlib prominence. it's fear of the number of dead will rise. people are feared stuck and trapped under all that rubble and similarly with the weather, freezing conditions will only make it even more challenging. ismail alab—dallah is a member of the white helmets. i'm hoping we can speak to him now

on the line. it's lewis vaughan jones in the studio in london. just checking you can hear me. yes. jones in the studio in london. just checking you can hear me.- jones in the studio in london. just checking you can hear me. yes, i can hear ou. checking you can hear me. yes, i can hear yom thank _ checking you can hear me. yes, i can hear you. thank you _ checking you can hear me. yes, i can hear you. thank you so _ checking you can hear me. yes, i can hear you. thank you so much - checking you can hear me. yes, i can hear you. thank you so much for - hear you. thank you so much for talking to _ hear you. thank you so much for talking to us- — hear you. thank you so much for talking to us. we _ hear you. thank you so much for talking to us. we ask _ hear you. thank you so much for talking to us. we ask rich - hear you. thank you so much for talking to us. we ask rich ate i hear you. thank you so much for| talking to us. we ask rich ate the most extra ordinary difficult conditions. —— appreciate. give us a flavour of how the efforts are going. flavour of how the efforts are anoin. flavour of how the efforts are main, , ., flavour of how the efforts are anoin. , ., , ., going. let me start, the number of dead rises every _ going. let me start, the number of dead rises every second, _ going. let me start, the number of dead rises every second, and - going. let me start, the number of dead rises every second, and this l going. let me start, the number of| dead rises every second, and this is the last update that 663 people were killed by the powerful earthquake. more than 100,000 and a half were injured. our efforts started from the very beginning, after the earthquake, we responded to all the sites. every village in every city in northwest syria, there are

buildings collapsed and our teams responded, and i was one of them for the very beginning —— beginning. we experienced painful scenes, seeing people screaming from under the rubble, and this mountain of rubble, larger scale, rubble, and this mountain of rubble, largerscale, it rubble, and this mountain of rubble, larger scale, it needs international effort to help those under the rubble. , , . ., effort to help those under the rubble. , , ., ~ , effort to help those under the rubble. , ., ~ , ., effort to help those under the rubble.�* , ., ~' , ., ., rubble. just talk us through how exactly you're — rubble. just talk us through how exactly you're trying _ rubble. just talk us through how exactly you're trying to - rubble. just talk us through how exactly you're trying to rescue l exactly you're trying to rescue people. we're seeing people in the rubble. is it a case ofjust getting on your hands and knees and moving it by hand? are you using equipment? how successful are you being? we start how successful are you being? - start from the beginning just by our hands, small simple tools to not

hurt the injured. then, after hours, after we scream, after we say that if there's anyone here, we start with heavy equipment. we succeeded in many cases. we saved a lot of people today. many people, many success stories, but on the other side, we lost hundreds. the number of people we lost increased in every second. �* , ., of people we lost increased in every second. �* ., ., , of people we lost increased in every second. �* ., ., second. are you going to carry on our second. are you going to carry on your rescue _ second. are you going to carry on your rescue as — second. are you going to carry on your rescue as converts _ second. are you going to carry on your rescue as converts to - second. are you going to carry on your rescue as converts to the - your rescue as converts to the night? how hard is it in the dark in the cold? �* , ., night? how hard is it in the dark in the cold? �*, ., ,. ., ., the cold? there's a rescue operation it's nonstop- — the cold? there's a rescue operation it's nonstop- we _ the cold? there's a rescue operation it's nonstop. we cannot _ the cold? there's a rescue operation it's nonstop. we cannot stay - the cold? there's a rescue operation it's nonstop. we cannot stay back. i it's nonstop. we cannot stay back. because if we leave one minute, we will lose life. so we are doing our

best. we are racing against time to save the people, to save the children, to save the families. 1&5 children, to save the families. as ou children, to save the families. as you said, you have the experience, the awful civil war there. how bad is it now? ., ., the awful civil war there. how bad is it now? ., , , is it now? today is different. toda , is it now? today is different. today. the — is it now? today is different. today, the most _ is it now? today is different. today, the most horrible - is it now? today is different. | today, the most horrible and is it now? today is different. - today, the most horrible and most worst day that i ever experienced, because for many reasons, they are different, but in the morning, after 4am, we received reports that across the northwest, and each village, there are... a village with 14 buildings, collapsed in one second.

those 14 buildings are inhibited by families. a five buildings close to each other... it's very different it —— different. each other... it's very different it -- different-— -- different. i'm afraid i will let ou to -- different. i'm afraid i will let you go because _ -- different. i'm afraid i will let you go because you _ -- different. i'm afraid i will let you go because you have - -- different. i'm afraid i will let you go because you have so - -- different. i'm afraid i will let. you go because you have so much -- different. i'm afraid i will let- you go because you have so much to do. injust a you go because you have so much to do. in just a few seconds, could you just say what your message to the world is, what do you need? irate just say what your message to the world is, what do you need? we need from international _ world is, what do you need? we need from international community, - world is, what do you need? we need from international community, from | from international community, from the states and everyone, send us medical support. they have lost their houses and they will sleep outdoors under the streets. we need help, we need support to save them as soon as possible.— as soon as possible. ismail, thank ou so as soon as possible. ismail, thank you so much _ as soon as possible. ismail, thank you so much for—

as soon as possible. ismail, thank you so much for sparing _ as soon as possible. ismail, thank you so much for sparing the - as soon as possible. ismail, thank you so much for sparing the time | as soon as possible. ismail, thank i you so much for sparing the time and talking so powerfully. good luck with your efforts. thank you. we're going to take a closer look. let's take a closer look at the situation in northern syria. over 3 million people are displaced there. it's a region ravaged by 12 years of civil war, where many people live in bombed—out buildings without basic services. here's our security correspondent, frank gardner. although the recorded numbers of deaths so far from these earthquakes are roughly twice as many in turkey than syria, the conditions are even worse in syria. why? they've had over 11 years of civil war. the medical infrastructure is already shattered. you've got roughly four and a half million displaced people there. you've got people who fled from all other parts of syria after years of devastating civil war, and they find shelter in northwest syria. but there's already been a

pattern of aerial bombardment by the syrian air force and russian air force during the worst years of the insurrection, and in many cases, hospitals, schools and clinics have been hit. thus destabilise a lot of the structure. getting access to those areas, getting aid in is even harder on the syrian side of the border than it is in turkey. plus you've got the horrendous weather conditions — snowstorms, plunging temperatures, freezing cold and no shelter. it's a very complicated picture because the syrian regime doesn't have relations with most western countries. turkey is not a pariah of the west, so aid has been rushing into turkey, but it's much harder to deal with an area of the middle east that is divided between parts that are controlled by a pariah government and parts that are

rubble controlled, where there are thousands of perfectly peaceful families —— rebel—controlled. families that have been displaced up to 20 times already in their lives. and now this. to 20 times already in their lives. and now this-— and now this. that some of the challenges- _ let's look at the aid response so far. around 45 countries have offered their support to turkey. the european union is sending ten search and rescue teams, and the bloc�*s copernicus satellite system will provide emergency mapping services. india is flying in 200 personnel with dog squads and equipment. doctors and paramedics are also being readied. russia is sending rescue teams to both countries. 300 military personnel in syria are also helping with the clear—up effort. and the government in japan, which frequently suffers earthquakes, is dispatching the japan disaster relief rescue team to turkey.

and the uk's sending help, too. here's our world affairs correspondent james landale. in the last hour or so, they have announced — in the last hour or so, they have announced that a plane will arrive in turkey— announced that a plane will arrive in turkey this evening containing 76 search_ in turkey this evening containing 76 search and — in turkey this evening containing 76 search and rescue specialists and four dogs— search and rescue specialists and four dogs and various other... so we're _ four dogs and various other... so we're getting some of the specifics now _ we're getting some of the specifics now that's— we're getting some of the specifics now. that'sjust the initial response. people who might make a difference _ response. people who might make a difference could help in the next 48 hours _ difference could help in the next 48 hours or— difference could help in the next 48 hours or so — difference could help in the next 48 hours or so. and i think will come the broader— hours or so. and i think will come the broader humanitarian support which _ the broader humanitarian support which will— the broader humanitarian support which will be about the rebuilding, about— which will be about the rebuilding, about looking after the people in the coming weeks. as we heard, the weather_ the coming weeks. as we heard, the weather and — the coming weeks. as we heard, the weather and parts of this region is pretty— weather and parts of this region is pretty poor, wet, cold. a lot of people — pretty poor, wet, cold. a lot of people are _ pretty poor, wet, cold. a lot of people are going to need a lot of shelter— people are going to need a lot of shelter very, very quickly, otherwise lots will die of exposure. that will— otherwise lots will die of exposure. that will be the next phase. then there will— that will be the next phase. then there will be the longer—term effort of how on— there will be the longer—term effort of how on earth do you help turkey

rebuild _ of how on earth do you help turkey rebuild and — of how on earth do you help turkey rebuild and northern syria as well. so much _ rebuild and northern syria as well. so much infrastructure, notjust buildings, — so much infrastructure, notjust buildings, but also the electricity, the gas, _ buildings, but also the electricity, the gas, the pipelines — all of these — the gas, the pipelines — all of these things, huge devastation across— these things, huge devastation across an — these things, huge devastation across an incredibly large area. a big international aid efforts. there's also a huge domestic aid effort under way inside turkey. these are search and rescue teams travelling from the turkish capital to the affected areas. and while turkey's allies have offered help, there have been far fewer offers for syria. here's hesham shawish from bbc monitoring. we've seen offers from iran and russia, — we've seen offers from iran and russia, and _ we've seen offers from iran and russia, and that's _ we've seen offers from iran and . russia, and that's understandable because _ russia, and that's understandable because they _ russia, and that's understandable because they have _ russia, and that's understandable because they have an _ russia, and that's understandable because they have an military- because they have an military presence _ because they have an military presence in syria. _ because they have an military presence in syria. we've - because they have an military presence in syria. we've also| because they have an military- presence in syria. we've also seen condolences — presence in syria. we've also seen condolences from _ presence in syria. we've also seen condolences from countries - presence in syria. we've also seen condolences from countries like i presence in syria. we've also seenl condolences from countries like the uae and _ condolences from countries like the uae and saudi _ condolences from countries like the uae and saudi arabia. _ condolences from countries like the uae and saudi arabia. they've i condolences from countries like the | uae and saudi arabia. they've been trying _ uae and saudi arabia. they've been trying to— uae and saudi arabia. they've been trying to establish _ uae and saudi arabia. they've been trying to establish a _ uae and saudi arabia. they've been trying to establish a bigger- trying to establish a bigger diplornatic_ trying to establish a bigger diplomatic presence - trying to establish a bigger diplomatic presence withinj trying to establish a bigger— diplomatic presence within damascus. we haven't_ diplomatic presence within damascus. we haven't seen— diplomatic presence within damascus. we haven't seen any— diplomatic presence within damascus. we haven't seen any offers _ diplomatic presence within damascus. we haven't seen any offers of - we haven't seen any offers of assistance _ we haven't seen any offers of

assistance he _ we haven't seen any offers of assistance he yet. _ we haven't seen any offers of assistance he yet. there i we haven't seen any offers of assistance he yet. there have we haven't seen any offers of i assistance he yet. there have been offers— assistance he yet. there have been offers from — assistance he yet. there have been offers from other _ assistance he yet. there have been offers from other countries - assistance he yet. there have been offers from other countries such i assistance he yet. there have been offers from other countries such asj offers from other countries such as serbia _ offers from other countries such as serbia and — offers from other countries such as serbia and armenia, _ offers from other countries such as serbia and armenia, india, - offers from other countries such as serbia and armenia, india, to i serbia and armenia, india, to turkey — serbia and armenia, india, to turke . �* , . serbia and armenia, india, to turke . �*, ., , ., serbia and armenia, india, to turke. �*, ., , ., ., �*, turkey. let's get a bit more what's needed. here's mark kaye from the international rescue committee we're worried about those who aren't needed urgent clinical care. the health system isn't equipped to deal with the levels in the numbers of people who are going to come in needing urgent trauma care. this is a health system that has been decimated by over ten years of conflict. only about 45% of health facilities that were functioning pre—conflict are still functioning. more than 50% of physicians in those facilities before the conflict have fled. you're going to see potentially hundreds, maybe more, pulled out of these buildings being taken to health centres. they're going to need critical care, they're going to need critical care, they're going to need resources, equipment and staff. it is absolutely integral

that the community doesn't forget cereal in a moment of need it —— forget syria. here in the uk, the head of epsom college — a private school in surrey — has been found dead along with her husband and seven—year—old daughter in their home in the school grounds. 45—year—old emma pattison was found with her husband george, and their young daughter lettie. police say they are confident there was "no third—party involvement". here's our special correspondent, lucy manning. the school that she led, where she inspired, has police cars, detectives, and a major crime investigation. emma pattison was the first female head of award—winning epsom college in surrey. she was an example of female leadership, a woman at the top of her career. but yesterday morning, her body — and that of her seven—year—old daughter lettie and her husband — were found. i am absolutely loving

my time here so far. in an interview with pupils just two months ago, emma pattison spoke about how much she was enjoying her new role as head. it's been wonderful. in terms of transition, it has been a really big change for my family. so, we've obviously moved house, we've bought a dog. i have got a newjob, my husband's got a newjob, which wasn't meant to happen but did, and my daughter has started a new school, so there has been a lot of change for us as a family. the school said it was in a state of utter shock and disbelief, and that mrs pattison, as she was known to her pupils here, had enriched the lives of so many throughout her career. herformer school, croydon high, where she was also head, described her as a passionate, energetic and inspiring leader, and a dedicated teacher. hello, my name is emma pattison... in videos from croydon high school, her passion is obvious. our mantra is every girl, every day. her body and that of her child

and husband found at a house in epsom college's grounds — blue tarpaulin now in front of it. the head teacher's house in the centre, the school's indoor rifle range behind it. police have described what has happened as an isolated incident. that means they aren't looking for anyone else. they will give more details soon. the flag flies at half mast. how to help the hundreds of pupils here understand what happened and how they lost their head teacher in the most terrible way? lucy manning, bbc news. we're going to turn to our main story. these are life pictures of the southeastern turkish city. rescue workers are searching for survivors under the rubble of

course. it'sjust coming up survivors under the rubble of course. it's just coming up to 10.30 in the evening, and the weather is getting colder. this is bbc news. hello there. for most parts of england wales, today has been a glorious day with lots of sunshine. this was one of our weather pictures from the poor ferry of cornwall, showing streaks of high cloud, but otherwise finance money. we had some fog banks that came on shore, affecting parts of essex and kent, making for a cool and rather grey kind of afternoon in places. forthe and rather grey kind of afternoon in places. for the north, we've also had thicker cloud affect scotland and northern ireland. overnight, we've got this weather front that's going to be bringing more general rain to these northwestern areas. the clearest of the skies overnight for wales, the midlands, east anglia and southern counties will have a sharp frost. temperatures down to

about —6 in the countryside, and i think we are looking at widespread and dense patches of fog, particularly across parts of southern england anything there. there might be some localised disruption. some of those four patches lingering into the afternoon. further north, we have this band of cloud. an odd spot of rain from that, but not much. it is largely dry looking day. we could see mist and fog patches and frost across southern areas where the wednesday light. further north, the winds pick up significant on wednesday, so it will be quite gusty through the afternoon for northern ireland and for scotland. eventually, we're going to see outbreaks of rain edging in here as well. however, the strongest winds will come through when day —— wednesday night. gusts of wind around 75 mph. this cold front, by

the time to get into thursday, we'll flush southwards any �*s words. still a windy day on thursday, but the winds not as strong. we do have cooler air working in, and that will be bringing showers to scotland, snow in the mountains above 400 metres elevation. we'll see wintry showers and sleet, baby hail, affecting shetland where temperatures won't get much of the degrees —— may some hail. that cooler sliced doesn't hang around for long. friday, back into milder weather with in scotland. —— with rain in scotland.

hello, i'm lewis vaughanjones, this is outside source. two massive earthquakes devastate parts of turkey and syria — killing over 2,500 people. the first struck in the middle of the night — it's feared thousands are trapped in the rubble of their homes. the earthquake measured 7.8 — and was felt — as far away as lebanon and cyprus. translation: we've all heard the sound of the earthquake. l her sister is still trapped under the rubble. translation: there are 12 families trapped here i and no—one managed to get out. they are all inside here. rescue workers comb through the rubble in a frantic search for survivors.

and turkey issues an international appeal for help — we'll be taking a look at how world leaders are responding. welcome back. plenty more on our lead story this hour. a rescue operation following a huge earthquake that has killed more than 2600 people. let's look at the extent of the challenge. in turkey alone, nearly 3000 buildings have been destroyed. the first premise may have happened before dawn but the dangers remain active. this building collapse after the second quake hit. rescue operations are taking place as you can see. take a look at this, this is a similar collapse happened this apartment

block. this isjust 100 collapse happened this apartment block. this isjust100 kilometres from the epicentre and you can see there, traffic and people nearby, of course, not aware it was about to collapse. but, it seems to happen slowly enough that people there can get out of the way. it is not thought that anyone was inside the building at the time. this is the destruction in the turkish city, row upon row of flattened buildings leaving huge amounts of debris. also, video showing large fires bursting into the air. they believe to be the result of burst gas pipelines. translation: fix, pipelines. translation: �* ., , translation: a 7.4 magnitude is seriously destructive. _ translation: a 7.4 magnitude is seriously destructive. at _ translation: a 7.4 magnitude is seriously destructive. at the i seriously destructive. at the moment, all of our governors are at the height of their duties. police, turkish armed forces, disaster and emergency teams, turkish red

crescent and search and rescue teams from all over the country are being dispatched to the region. across the border in northern syria. it's been cut off from the international community after years of conflict between president assad's army and the rebel forces — making rescue efforts even harder. our chief international correspondent lyse doucet reports. a syrian village which vanished in minutes. its people are all that's left standing. those who survived, so many didn't. all along this area next to turkey. still now many families now are under the rubble. our teams trying to save them. it's very difficult task for us. we need help. we need the international community to do something. families shaken from their sleepjust after 4am. by a powerful earthquake whose epicenter is just across the border.

in the dead of night rescue workers known as white helmets raced to help pulling this young girl from the rubble. this is work they know well. the last rebel held enclave has lived for years with ferocious bombardment by warplanes of the syrian military or its russian allies. the few hospitals which still operate here have hardly any resources or staff. now they're overwhelmed. we received hundreds of casualties. really, we need urgent help for the area, especially we are talking about medical help. these patients were already living on the edge in a war zone, displaced time and again for more than a decade now they've been knocked down again. translation: we were sleeping

peacefully at 4 a.m. _ we felt a huge earthquake. i woke up my wife and my children, and we ran towards the exit door. we opened it and suddenly all the building collapsed. nature doesn't take sides. areas like hama, under syrian government control, were also hit. they're also worn down by war. here it's the syrian arab red crescent, working with bare hands and also with diggers. translation: everyone will carry on their duties as needed. - we ask for mercy for the victims and speedy recovery for the injured. it is our fate. syria's plight has been thrust into the eyes of the world again today. it's fighting a different kind of battle. the international community

is has failed syria for for many years. this is an opportunity to try and put that right. this is a moment, i think, to put principles over politics, to really look at ways that they can show solidarity with those who are on the ground and make sure that syrians who've been going through over a decade of crisis now do get the support they so desperately need. long suffering syrians have felt forgotten by the world. reaching people across this broken country will be hard. but this disaster may make the world care again. lyse doucet, bbc news. we are going to speak now to the director of syria and counterterrorism programmes at the middle east institute. thank you for coming on the programme. thank you for havin: coming on the programme. thank you for having me- — coming on the programme. thank you for having me. lets _ coming on the programme. thank you for having me. lets look _ coming on the programme. thank you for having me. lets look at _ coming on the programme. thank you for having me. lets look at some i coming on the programme. thank you for having me. lets look at some of. for having me. lets look at some of the dilemmas. _ for having me. lets look at some of the dilemmas, i _ for having me. lets look at some of the dilemmas, i suppose, - for having me. lets look at some of the dilemmas, i suppose, on i for having me. lets look at some of the dilemmas, i suppose, on the i the dilemmas, i suppose, on the international aid community. many countries around the world will want to get help into northern syria. what are the considerations? it’s what are the considerations? it's

hard to what are the considerations? it�*s hard to know where to start because the humanitarian access situation in northern syria is already so complicated. over the last two or three years, the russian government has used its retail to limit the extent to which the international community can continue to provide humanitarian aid to the west and it is more than1 million displaced people and one to 2 million more on top of that. there is essentially one border crossing that remains open. the un continues to provide humanitarian assistance across that border so in theory that is the only route possible through which some sort of relief disaster respondents could get through. then it remains more complicated, who provides that disaster relief? do they have any kind of mandate or permission to enter syria without the permission of the syrian regime? in order to do so, the un has its own complications being a multilateral body. it takes a long time for the un to decide not

to do something. to do it unilaterally would be to take a big bold step that essentially runs contrary in many ways to the policy that the international community has had in terms of providing relief to the area for many years now. it is really very complicated.— really very complicated. usually complicated- — really very complicated. usually complicated. we _ really very complicated. usually complicated. we are _ really very complicated. usually complicated. we are seeing i really very complicated. usually i complicated. we are seeing pictures, just so you know, on screen are amongst others the white helmet doing their work. what about getting aid and help to them? the white helmets and the heroes. they have about 3000 staff, that has four or 5 million people. they really are doing a lot with that extraordinary strange. they are all volunteers and they receive no salaries. but they are and have been quite well supported by the international community over the

years. they are heavily dependent on basic things like diesel to keep their equipment running and as i am hearing from people on the ground they are already running out of diesel. syria nationwide right now is going through a crippling fuel shortage and so that is kind of exacerbating the challenges in opposition —controlled areas and also regime —controlled areas to respond to this kind of challenge. so can we up the provision of basic staple assistance items like fuel? yes. i think we can but it is going to take a concerted effort. the additional challenges that one border crossing that i have mentioned all of this assistant goes through. the main road that leads to that border crossing was all by destroyed by the earthquake overnight. the un has been sending out messages saying, even their basic humanitarian relief that they have been providing for years now is likely to be curtailed if not immediately stopped because of the lack of road transport that leads to

that border. we need a particular kind of road to provide the heavy trucks access. so, even if we have the world, logistically we are now presented with those kinds of very real—world challenges. presented with those kinds of very real-world challenges.— real-world challenges. thank you very much _ real-world challenges. thank you very much for— real-world challenges. thank you very much for explaining - real-world challenges. thank you very much for explaining just i very much for explaining just exactly how hard this would be in the coming hours and days. very depressing to hear but very important too. thank you very much for coming on the programme. stay with us on outside source — still to come... as casualties continue to rise — we'll be taking a look at why turkey's location make it vulnerable to these devastating earthquakes. beijing has urged washington to show restraint — after the us air force shot down a chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of south carolina. us navy divers are working to recover the wreckage of the balloon, which was brought

down over the atlantic. a government spokesperson for china, claimed that the aircraft was for civilian use and had drifted off course. it described the incident as an overreaction and a serious violation of international law. our correspondent barbara plett usher has been following the reaction from china. they wanted to help the country to manage. the relationship is what the americans call it. the fact that this has been thrown off by a single surveillance balloon shows just how difficult it is. i asked people hear what they thought about the us shooting down the chinese bullying. —— balloon. translation: i don't think the us is very friendly. it is only a civilian aircraft. we have more civilised intelligence, america shouldn't be so nervous because of a tiny

balloon. they even cancelled the trip. they were overreacting. what trip. they were overreacting. what do ou trip. they were overreacting. what do you think _ trip. they were overreacting. what do you think if _ trip. they were overreacting. what do you think if an _ trip. they were overreacting. what do you think if an american balloon flew over china, do you think the chinese would shoot it down? translation: i chinese would shoot it down? translation:— chinese would shoot it down? translation: 4' ., , ., ., translation: i think we would shoot it down. translation: i think we would shoot it down- this — translation: i think we would shoot it down. this would _ translation: i think we would shoot it down. this would be _ translation: i think we would shoot it down. this would be too _ it down. this would be too sensitive _ it down. this would be too sensitive. even if the government didn't— sensitive. even if the government didn't want— sensitive. even if the government didn't want to, the public opinion what _ didn't want to, the public opinion what influence it to shoot it down. but china's — what influence it to shoot it down. but china's government is accusing america of damaging efforts to stabilise relations. right now there is no clear pathway to improve them. bbc news, beijing. this is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. a reminder of our top story...

well over 2,600 people have died after a massive earthquake in turkey and northern syria. situated on or near several fault lines, turkey is one of the world's most active earthquake zones. the country recorded more than 22,000 last year alone. many are deadly, the worst on record, a 7.6 magnitude quake in 1999, killing more than 17,000 people. here's our science editor, rebecca morelle. the desperate hunt for survivors, after turkey's huge earthquake. at magnitude 7.8, it's one of the biggest to hit the region in more than 80 years. but turkey is all too familiar with these natural disasters. it's one of the world's most seismically active areas. the country sits among several tectonic plates, and there are two major fault lines where they meet. the east anatolian fault line is where the quake struck.

as the plates grind past each other, tension gradually builds up along the fault line before it's released, resulting in an earthquake. the east anatolian fault line is around 250 miles long, but what's made the quake so deadly is how shallow it is. it happened at a depth ofjust 11 miles. since 1970, this region has seen three earthquakes greater than magnitude six. this is magnitude seven, nearly magnitude eight, this was a big one. this was an earthquake such as we don't get more than about 20 of every year somewhere in the world. so this was big, and it was also quite shallow. if the rupture is closer to the surface, you get greater shaking of the ground surface than an earthquake of the same energy that happens at a greater depth. so it is a particularly nasty one. an earthquake of the same magnitude hit northern turkey in 1939. 30,000 people died. and in 1970, to the west of the country, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck, killing 1,000 people and leaving

many thousands more homeless. and in 1999, an earthquake in the east of turkey caused monumental damage and around 18,000 deaths. it was one of the most destructive earthquakes in the history of the region. in gaziantep, as the rescue operation gets under way, aftershocks are the main concern, making already—damaged buildings more likely to collapse. and a second quake of magnitude 7.5 has struck to the north of the epicentre, making a desperate situation even more challenging. rebecca morelle, bbc news. joining me now is remy bossu, he is the secretary general of the euro—mediterranean seismological centre. thank you very much for coming on the programme. thank you very much for coming on the programme-— thank you very much for coming on the programme._ we i thank you very much for coming on | the programme._ we got thank you very much for coming on i the programme._ we got an the programme. thank you. we got an outline of some _ the programme. thank you. we got an outline of some of _ the programme. thank you. we got an outline of some of the _ the programme. thank you. we got an outline of some of the risks _ the programme. thank you. we got an outline of some of the risks that i outline of some of the risks that the country has because of its location. i wanted to talk about the

element of surprise, or not here. how can you predict these things if at all? he co know, we cannot predict them at all. so, we know if we take a long period of time like 500 years, we know that there will be an earthquake in this area for sure. whether it happens now or in 20th time we have no proof. i woke up 20th time we have no proof. i woke up and i was sure it was the one we were expecting because we are expecting one in the south of istanbul approximately the same size, magnitude 7.6 and we have been expecting it for a long time. and we really believe it should have been the next big one in turkey. and we have been proved wrong again. so basically, we are totally unable to predict earthquakes. we are able to say it is an area with significant hazard so we should build correctly to avoid damages but we are unable

to avoid damages but we are unable to predict whether it will happen this close to a stumble or like last night close to gas and. can we just talk about aftershocks, what are they and how long do they go on for? and earthquake as a rupture so that is the sliding along the floor. here, the first shock, the rupture has a length of 200 kilometres. the force moved at the length of 200 kilometres. of course, it has modified the stress around it. so you have all of these aftershocks which are close to the rupture which ijust which are close to the rupture which i just second. which are close to the rupture which ijust second. so which are close to the rupture which i just second. so they are closed which are close to the rupture which ijust second. so they are closed in time and space to the initial rupture and their number decreases

with time very rapidly. so the problem is they decrease but it lasted very long time. so we will aftershocks for weeks and months in this area. because basically of the size of the earthquake. secondly, the second shop that we had this morning is like an aftershock. it is too far away to be an aftershock. it is of a separate foreign system and it is an earthquake which has been triggered by the first one. so it was a very close to a rupture and the stress modification by the first one just triggered the second earthquake which is generating already its own aftershocks. so here what has been quite unusual is that we are not in the classic aftershock sequence. we have the main shop followed by its own aftershock in the second shock. that followed by its own aftershock in the second shock.— the second shock. that is so interesting. _ the second shock. that is so interesting. just _ the second shock. that is so interesting. just so - the second shock. that is so interesting. just so you i the second shock. that is so | interesting. just so you know the second shock. that is so i interesting. just so you know and

our viewers know. we are showing pictures there of the second one because we just had a reporter from a local television network standing there after the first earthquake and this was the surprise of the second one. it is so important and so usefulfor one. it is so important and so useful for you one. it is so important and so usefulfor you to one. it is so important and so useful for you to clarify that that second one wasn't an aftershock per se. that difference is really helpful. in terms of the danger now, just last may, of the rescue operations overnight in turkey. they are working in difficult conditions, it is cold, dark. is the threat from aftershocks as significant or is that gone away. it aftershocks as significant or is that gone away.— aftershocks as significant or is that gone away. it is significant. it is that gone away. it is significant. it is always _ that gone away. it is significant. it is always significant. - that gone away. it is significant. it is always significant. when i that gone away. it is significant. | it is always significant. when you discuss with rescue teams after such rescues, they are always explaining that it rescues, they are always explaining thatitis rescues, they are always explaining that it is very difficult for them because they have to enter buildings which are not stable and they know that they can have an aftershock at

any time. they are putting their lives at risk. clearly, at least in the first hour it was incredible the level as aftershocks has been incredible. the ground was shaking eminently. so, ithink incredible. the ground was shaking eminently. so, i think it was extremely, extremely difficult for the rescue operations. especially as you noted the weather is not great and it is cold. there is some snow. so it is very difficult for the people and even to settle for the survivals. it will be a difficult time in the coming weeks. you have exlained time in the coming weeks. you have exolained that _ time in the coming weeks. you have explained that so _ time in the coming weeks. you have explained that so clearly, _ time in the coming weeks. you have explained that so clearly, thank- time in the coming weeks. you have explained that so clearly, thank you | explained that so clearly, thank you so much for taking the time to talk to us. thank you. these are the live pictures right now describing those rescue efforts that we were just discussing. some of the challenge, the risks to those rescue workers that we can see in front of our eyes now. still very, very real as they

work through the night and in the cold trying to find survivors. tens of thousands of nurses and ambulance strikes had been on strike today the first time that both have taken industrial strike on the same day. some ambulance workers have been on strike in wales today. health leaders have warned that today's action could be the most destructive so far. our health editor reports. this nurse explains why she was willing to go on strike. i this nurse explains why she was willing to go on strike. i wouldn't have strike _ willing to go on strike. i wouldn't have strike today _ willing to go on strike. i wouldn't have strike today if _ willing to go on strike. i wouldn't have strike today if i _ willing to go on strike. i wouldn't have strike today if i thought i willing to go on strike. i wouldn't| have strike today if i thought that i had left a patient at risk. but we need to do something. find i had left a patient at risk. but we need to do something.— need to do something. and a few hundred metres _ need to do something. and a few hundred metres away, _ need to do something. and a few hundred metres away, local- need to do something. and a few- hundred metres away, local ambulance staff were also picketing. irate hundred metres away, local ambulance

staff were also picketing.— staff were also picketing. we need more ambulances _ staff were also picketing. we need more ambulances out _ staff were also picketing. we need more ambulances out on - staff were also picketing. we need more ambulances out on the i staff were also picketing. we need more ambulances out on the road| staff were also picketing. we need i more ambulances out on the road but to staff— more ambulances out on the road but to staff then — more ambulances out on the road but to staff then we need more staff and better— to staff then we need more staff and better conditions and a pay rise. to keep— better conditions and a pay rise. to keep staff— better conditions and a pay rise. to keep staff fair. the better conditions and a pay rise. to keep staff fair-— keep staff fair. the patients, strikes me — keep staff fair. the patients, strikes me in _ keep staff fair. the patients, strikes me in cancellations . keep staff fair. the patients, | strikes me in cancellations of keep staff fair. the patients, i strikes me in cancellations of some routine operations and other care and some disruption for hospitals. local level hospitals reach their own agreements with the royal couege own agreements with the royal college of nursing and in this emergency department there are fewer nurses on chef that on a normal day. so other staff were drafted in. more consultants than usual on shift like phil here at st george's hospital in south london. he is helping dispense medication, a job that might normally be done by nurses. and this moment in routine care on strike days can be more pressure on a&e. irate days can be more pressure on a&e. - encourage people to still come forward, if you need emergency care we are here. other areas will be

affected such as day assessment unit or day surgery unit it may be that more patients need to come through the emergency department to receive urgent care. the emergency department to receive uruent care. ~ , ., , urgent care. minister said that they will talk about _ urgent care. minister said that they will talk about next _ urgent care. minister said that they will talk about next year's - urgent care. minister said that they will talk about next year's pay i urgent care. minister said that they will talk about next year's pay from j will talk about next year's pay from april. will talk about next year's pay from aril. ~ ., ., . ., april. we have got the evidence from this a - ril april. we have got the evidence from this april that — april. we have got the evidence from this april that we _ april. we have got the evidence from this april that we are _ april. we have got the evidence from this april that we are working - april. we have got the evidence from this april that we are working with i this april that we are working with the trade — this april that we are working with the trade union on that will reflect those _ the trade union on that will reflect those circumstances but should be done _ those circumstances but should be done through the independent pay review— done through the independent pay review process that can look at both the nhs _ review process that can look at both the nhs needs but also the wider needs— the nhs needs but also the wider needs of— the nhs needs but also the wider needs of the economy.— needs of the economy. nurse's leaders say _ needs of the economy. nurse's leaders say they _ needs of the economy. nurse's leaders say they are _ needs of the economy. nurse's leaders say they are ready i needs of the economy. nurse's leaders say they are ready to i leaders say they are ready to continue strikes. i leaders say they are ready to continue strikes.— leaders say they are ready to continue strikes. i would say that rishi sunak _ continue strikes. i would say that rishi sunak can _ continue strikes. i would say that rishi sunak can call— continue strikes. i would say that rishi sunak can call the - continue strikes. i would say that rishi sunak can call the strikes i continue strikes. i would say that| rishi sunak can call the strikes off any time. he shouldn't push nurses on to picket lines until may. that is unforgivable if he does. let's resolve this by getting round a table and talking.— resolve this by getting round a table and talking. resolve this by getting round a table and talkin.. ., ., , ., table and talking. health unions are in talks with — table and talking. health unions are in talks with the _ table and talking. health unions are in talks with the scottish _ table and talking. health unions are in talks with the scottish and - table and talking. health unions are in talks with the scottish and welsh | in talks with the scottish and welsh government over new pay office but there is no sign yet of that

happening soon. let's go back to our lead story. the earthquake devastating turkey and syria. these are live pictures from turkey and you can see the time they're coming up you can see the time they're coming up to 11 o'clock at night. it is dark and cold and yet these people are clambering over the rubble and trying to search for people still alive under the rubble using their bare hands and equipment and cranes. unfortunately we do have an update on the number of people that have been killed. the latest figures are 2700 people. reported dead so far. the actual figure, 1762, 2700 people. reported dead so far. the actualfigure, 1762, the number has been sadly going up as we had been on air throughout the day. the numbers have gone up not least

because the number in syria has gone up. at least 1000 people there are now reported to have been killed in syria and these are drone pictures from syria earlier on today when it was still in the daylight. the particular problems, of course, in northern syria are acute because rescue and international aid will be very difficult to get in. there is just one corridor officially that is used to get aid into the northern syria. that corridor has been damaged by the earthquake. it is problem on top of problem on top of problem on top of problem on top of problem when it comes to getting international aid into northern syria. and of course, at the same time the rescue efforts continue in syria and in turkey as we can i think go back to these live pictures here. the rescue efforts will continue right through the night. to

try and find as many people alive as possible. this is bbc news. for most parts of england and wales today has been a glorious day. this is one of our weather watcher pictures showing some streaks of file clean—up. it has not been like that everywhere. we had some fog banks that came on shore affecting parts of essex and kent making for a cool and rather grey afternoon in places. that was the fog bankjust hit on the satellite picture. we have also had some fog back to scotland and northern ireland. overnight, we have got this weather front that is going to bring more general rain to these north—western areas. forwales, east anglia general rain to these north—western areas. for wales, east anglia and southern parts of england will have

a sharp frost. temperatures getting down to —6 in the countryside. i think we are looking at widespread and dense patches of fog, particularly in parts of southern england and east anglia. there might be some disruption as we start the day on tuesday morning. some of those fog patches lingering into the afternoon. further north, we have got this band of cloud bringing that cloudy strip of weather from scotland and northern ireland into scotland and northern ireland into scotland and northern ireland into scotland and northern wales. but not much, it is largely dry —looking day. take a look at this picture into wednesday, we could start off with some fog and mist across southern areas where wednesday light. further north, the winds pick up light. further north, the winds pick up significantly on wednesday so it will be quite gusty through the afternoon for northern ireland and scotland. eventually, we are going to see outbreaks of rain edging on here as well. the strongest winds from this weather system will come through wednesday night, particularly across north—west scotland where we could see because of rain of around 75 mphjust ahead of rain of around 75 mphjust ahead of this band of rain which is this

cold front. but the time again to thursday, that will push its way southwards and eastwards. still a windy, gusty kind of rain but the winds are not strong. we do have cooler air in winds are not strong. we do have coolerair in and winds are not strong. we do have cooler air in and that will bring showers to scotland, snow in the mountains above 400 metres of elevation. we will see some wintry showers, a bit of sleet and hail makes den where temperatures won't get that much above freezing. feeling cold here. across all of the uk, temperatures will be down but closer to average on thursday. that call a slice of weather doesn't hang around for long though, friday we're back into milder weather with some rain in scotland.

hello, i'm lewis vaughanjones, this is outside source. two powerful earthquakes devastate turkey and syria — killing over 2,000 people. the first struck in the middle of the night — it's feared thousands are trapped in the rubble of their homes. the earthquake measured 7.8 — and was felt — as far away as lebanon and cyprus. translation: we've all heard the sound of the earthquake. l her sister is still trapped under the rubble. translation: there are 12 families trapped here i and no—one managed to get out. they are all inside here. rescuers work through the rubble searching for survivors — with freezing temperatures forecast overnight. and turkey issues an international

appeal for help — we'll be taking a look at how world leaders are responding. we begin in turkey and northern syria where two powerful earthquakes have killed more than 2,500 people. many more injured and still missing. we'll look at the damage done and the rescue operations. first let's see where this happened. the first earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 — the epicentre in turkey's gaziantep province. there have been almost 30 other shocks in the region — all powerful enough to magnify the damage. a second major earthquake 130km north of the first one. these pictures show buildings collapsing in south—east turkey. the country has declared a state of emergency. here's president erdogan.

translation: we do not know how far the number of dead and injured - will rise as debris removal works continue in many buildings in the earthquake zone. our hope is that we will recover from this disaster with the least loss of life. to northern syria now. the response effort is more complicated because of the civil war there. this was a rescue of one small child in azaz. this is in idlib province. you can see the way buildings have collapsed — layers of concrete sandwiched together. and these drone pictures show the aftermath in sarmada in north—west syria. syrian government figures say over 800 people have been killed. ——syrian government figures say over 1,000 people have been killed. and the white helmets rescue group, which operates in opposition—held parts of syria, says hundreds

are dead in those areas. that's a brief overview of where things stand in the two countries. let's go to our reporters on the ground now. our middle east correspondent is in osmaniye in turkey. i arrived in adana earlier this afternoon and you can see as you pass through that city buildings which have just collapsed where they stood, rescue workers — not necessarily the emergency services, everybody who can — particularly young men who've been trying to pull away the rubble and then i've moved further towards the epicentre. i'm in the town of osmaniye now and it is in complete darkness. you can see, frankly, what a devastating picture it is here this evening. it is absolutely pouring with rain, which is really hampering the rescue efforts. the only reason you can see me is because of car headlights. there is no power at all in this city tonight and, in fact, the family you can see behind me, they have chosen to come out on the streets because we're

still feeling regular aftershocks, we're feeling the tremors on the ground so as you can see they've [it some wood, they're trying to stay warm and, in fact, every time we do get an aftershock they move away from their shelter in the stand out here in the middle of the road because they are still concerned, as are so many thousands, hundreds of thousands of people here tonight, that there may still be more buildings to collapse. and this takes on an absolutely huge area of which this city is just one snapshot but as you move around on the pavements there are piles of bricks and rubble where shop fronts have fallen out, where windows have broken and crashed to the ground. a few minutes ago, i was at the scene of... they think it's a hotel which has just collapsed in on itself. they've managed to get some generators and some lights there there and a crane and are trying to swing away at ther big pieces of masonry to try and get to people underneath. but i also saw another building collapse just on the road from here and that one

was incomplete darkness. i think what it suggests is they simply don't have the resources at the moment to be able to mount full—scale rescue efforts on all of these collapsed buildings and as you rightly say, this is a city which is struggling tonight. there are so many more across southern turkey, villages as well where people are really trying to deal with desperate conditions, with this pouring rain and bitter cold, knowing that help, in many cases, is going to take a long time still to arrive. for the very latest — emre temel from the bbc�*s turkish service. the prime minister announced that the death toll has rising to 2651. more than 11,000 people have been wounded and the number of buildings which have been destroyed is over 5600. turkish officials say 6545 people had been rescued from the rubble but, obviously, they are racing against time to save more lives. turkey's president recep

tayyip erdogan has declared several days of national mourning after today's earthquakes. it will be until sunset on sunday and the un general assembly also observed a minute of silence in tribute to today's victims. what mightjust give us an idea of the conditions now, the weather. we are going into night time, of course, which will make things hard enough but what about the weather conditions in the areas impacted? well, obviously, we areas impacted? well, obviously, we are in the middle of winter in the conditions are making everything really difficult and turkey's widespread... earlier. ithink really difficult and turkey's widespread... earlier. i think that authorities must struggling with extremely severe weather conditions. bad weather and freezing conditions in search and rescue operations and the winter blizzard covered major roads in the region and officials say three major airports in the

region are inoperable and social media is full of people posting maps and the addresses of their loved ones who are under the rubble waiting for the emergency services. just absolutely desperate. you can hardly imagine being one of those families doing what you just described there. give us an idea for people who don't know the country, how used earthquakes as it? what is the level of preparedness? how unusual is this.— the level of preparedness? how unusual is this. turkey is amongst the most earthquake _ unusual is this. turkey is amongst the most earthquake prone - unusual is this. turkey is amongst i the most earthquake prone countries in the world because it is located at the intersection of three major tectonic plates. most of the country is located on the anatolian of technology at plate which sits between the major eurasian and african plates in the minor one, arabian. that is why turkey is very known for a country which regularly witnesses earthquakes. today's earthquake, first earthquake, which magnitude was 7.7 was the country's

second biggest earthquake in its history. the biggest quake within the eastern province in 1939 with a magnitude of 7.9 which claimed more than 30,000 people. another severe quake which is possibly well remembered by our audience in 1999 devastated is near and the population of the eastern memories sea region near the country's biggest city, istanbul, killed more than 17,000 people. it has been reported that following the massive earthquake in 1999 the turkish covenant has collected so—called quite —— turkish government has collected so—called quake funds... directed to the treasury. that's why lots of people on social media criticising the government and in addition to that i should also say that opposition parties have not criticised directly government after

today's earthquake —— quake tax was collected but directed to the government treasury. to the government treasury. let's talk more about the rescue efforts happening across much of southern turkey and northern syria. these are live pictures from the turkish city of diyaar—bakur — it's just after 10pm locally, and it's expected rescuers will work through the night. crews have been working since before dawn — this is the scene in the same city, shortly after the first quake hit at 4:17am. there have been some succesful rescues — this man was carried to safety from a collapsed building, close to the epicentre of the quake. there was applause as another survivor was pulled from the rubble of a collapsed building in turkey's isken—deroon. and in the city of adana hundreds were involved in the rescue effort, forming a chain and using buckets to clear the rubble. here's a civil engineering professor on how turkey is coping.

in terms of the rescue and search, it's really important... that nothing is the first 24—48 hours. that's the critical time and i hope that many... as i said, this is a very big disaster, and the international community really needs to come together and help turkey. this is very difficult for any single country. i really appreciate that 48 countries have now supported help, promised support and help to turkey, because, as i say, this is a time that we really need to be quick. in syria, the country's civil defense service, also known as the white helmets, are working to rescue people there. they'vs spent the day digging

through rubble in idlib province. of course, just as in turkey, t�*s feared the death toll will rise with those trapped stuck in freezing conditions. earlier, i spoke to a member of the white helmets and he told me more about the rescue operation there. let me start that the number of dead rises every second and this is that in the last update 663 people were killed by the powerful earthquake and more than 1500 were injured. 0ur and more than 1500 were injured. our efforts started from the very beginning, from a minute after the earthquake. we responded to all the sight of bombing, the sites of collapsed buildings and in all the cities and villages. every village,

every city in north—west syria has... there are buildings collapsed completely and our teams from the very beginning responded and i was one of them from the very beginning responded to the bombing scenes. we experienced painful scenes seeing people screaming from under the rubble and this rubble, this time, it is like a mountain of rubble, mountain of rubble. a larger scale of rubble and indeed needs international efforts to help those under those... international efforts to help those underthose... underthe international efforts to help those under those... under the rubble. just talk us through how exactly you're trying to rescue people. we are seeing pictures now of the rubble that you've just been describing. there is a case ofjust getting on your hands and knees and moving it by hand? ie using equipment because might have successfully been? we equipment because might have successfully been?— equipment because might have successfully been? we start in the beauinnin successfully been? we start in the beginning just _ successfully been? we start in the beginning just by _ successfully been? we start in the

beginning just by our _ successfully been? we start in the beginning just by our hands, - successfully been? we start in the beginning just by our hands, by i beginning just by our hands, by small, light, simple tools to not hurt the injured. then after hours, after we scream, after we say that is there anyone here with us, we start with the heavy equipment. we succeeded in many cases. we saved a lot of people today. many, many people. many success stories of people. many success stories of people but on the other side we lost hundreds and the number of people we lost may be increased in every second so... j lost may be increased in every second so. . ._ second so... i going to carry on? i going to carry _ second so... i going to carry on? i going to carry on _ second so... i going to carry on? i going to carry on your _ second so... i going to carry on? i going to carry on your rescue - going to carry on your rescue efforts through the night now? how hard is it in the dark in the coal? the rescue operation and nonstop operation. we cannot stay back and say that it is night we cannot continue, in a? because if we are late one minute we will lose lives

so we are... we are doing our best. we are racing against time, actually, to save the people, to save the children, to save the families who are trapped now under the rubble. stay with us on outside source — still to come. around 45 countries have offered their support to turkey as it's called a state of emergency — we'll be taking a look at what's been promised.

this is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. 0ur lead story is two powerful earthquakes have devastated parts of turkey and northern syria, killing over 2500 people. let's turn now to the international aid response so far. around 45 countries have

offered their support to turkey. teams and the bloc�*s copernicus satellite system will provide emergency mapping services. india is flying in 200 people with dogs and equipment. doctors and paramedics are also being readied. russia is sending rescue teams to both countries. 300 military personnel in syria are also helping with the clear—up effort. and the government injapan, which frequently suffers earthquakes, is dispatching the japan disaster relief rescue team to turkey. in the last hour or so, we've heard from the us. we have heard from a spokesperson from the white house and we can take a listen.— and we can take a listen. today, our dee est and we can take a listen. today, our deepest condolences _ and we can take a listen. today, our deepest condolences are _ and we can take a listen. today, our deepest condolences are with - and we can take a listen. today, our deepest condolences are with those | deepest condolences are with those who have lost loved ones and devastating earthquakes that have thus far claimed thousands of lives and caused massive disruption in turkey and syria. the president authorised an immediate us response

in addition to the us personnel currently on the ground. we are in the process of deploying additional teams to support turkish search and rescue efforts and address the needs of those injured and displaced by the earthquakes. you are supported humanitarian partners are also responding to the disruption and syria. since the earliest reports of an earthquake last white, american officials have been working closely with our nato ally, turkey. and the uk's sending help, too. here's our world affairs correspondent james landale. in the last hour or so, the british government has announced that a plane will leave the uk and arrive in turkey this evening containing 76 search and rescue specialists and four dogs and various other... an emergency medical team, as well. so we're getting some of the specifics now. that's just the initial response. people who might make

a difference could help in the next 48 hours or so. then i think will come the broader humanitarian support which will be about the rebuilding, about looking after people in the coming weeks. as we heard, the weather and parts of this region is pretty poor, wet, cold. a lot of people are going to need a lot of shelter very, very quickly, otherwise lots will die of exposure. so that's going to be the next phase. and then there will be the longer—term effort of how on earth do you help turkey rebuild and northern syria as well. because so much infrastructure, notjust buildings, but also the electricity, the gas, the pipelines — all of these things, huge devastation across an incredibly large area. why lots of countries have offered to help turkey, there's also been far fewer office to help syria. here's hesham shawish from bbc monitoring. we have seen offers from iran and russia which is understandable because they have an extensive

military presence in syria. we have also seen condolences from countries like the uae and saudi arabia. they are trying to establish a bigger domestic, diplomatic presence in damascus but that is enough we haven't seen any of the system is yet to watching and had been offers of assistance from other countries such as serbia, armenia, india to turkey. such as serbia, armenia, india to turke . ~ . , turkey. what is needed in syria? be . in turkey. what is needed in syria? begin here _ turkey. what is needed in syria? begin here right— turkey. what is needed in syria? begin here right now _ turkey. what is needed in syria? begin here right now from - turkey. what is needed in syria? begin here right now from the i begin here right now from the international rescue committee. we are international rescue committee. - are really worried right now is those in need of urgent critical care. the health system just isn't equipped to be able to deal with the levels are numbers of people who will come in needing urgent trauma care. this is a tell system that has been decimated by over ten years of conflict. only about 45% of health facilities that were functioning pre—conflict are functioning and more than 50% of the positions in those facilities before the conflict have fled so they do, you're going

to see potentially hundreds, maybe even more as we have been progressive buildings being taken to health centres and they are going to need critical care and resources and equipment and staff and this is absolutely integral the international community doesn't forget syria in their moment of need. no couple of stories here in the here in the uk, the head of epsom college — a private school in surrey — has been found dead along with her husband and seven—year—old daughter in their home in the school grounds. 45—year—old emma pattison was found with her husband george, and their young daughter lettie. police say they are confident there was "no third—party involvement". here's our special correspondent lucy manning. the school that she led, where she inspired, has police cars, detectives, and a major crime investigation. emma pattison was the first female head of award—winning epsom college in surrey.

she was an example of female leadership, a woman at the top of her career, but yesterday morning her career, but yesterday morning her body and that of her seven—year—old daughter lette and her husband were found. i’m her husband were found. i'm absolutely — her husband were found. i�*n absolutely loving my time here so far. em absolutely loving my time here so far. �* ., , , far. an interview with people is 'ust two far. an interview with people is just two months _ far. an interview with people is just two months ago, _ far. an interview with people is just two months ago, emma i far. an interview with people is i just two months ago, emma paterson spoke about how much she was enjoying her new role as head —— interview with peoples. it enjoying her new role as head -- interview with peoples.— enjoying her new role as head -- interview with peoples. it has been a big change. _ interview with peoples. it has been a big change, moved _ interview with peoples. it has been a big change, moved house, i interview with peoples. it has been a big change, moved house, but i a big change, moved house, but a dog, i've got a newjob, a big change, moved house, but a dog, i've gota newjob, my a big change, moved house, but a dog, i've got a newjob, my husband has got a newjob which wasn't meant to happen but did my daughter has started school so there has been a lot of change was of the family. the school said — lot of change was of the family. the school said it _ lot of change was of the family. the school said it was in a state of utter shock and disbelief and that mrs paterson as she is known to her pupils here had enriched the lives of so many throughout the year. a

former school worker —— another school where she was also head described it as a passionate and dedicated leader and inspiring teacher. nvidia is from croydon high school, her passion is obvious. fiur school, her passion is obvious. our mantra is every _ school, her passion is obvious. oi" mantra is every girl, every school, her passion is obvious. (nj�* mantra is every girl, every day. school, her passion is obvious. ourj mantra is every girl, every day. her bod and mantra is every girl, every day. her body and that of her child and husband found at a house in epsom college's grounds. blue tarpaulin there in front of it. the head teacher's house in the centre, the school 's indoor range behind it. police have described what happened is an isolated incident. that means they aren't looking for anyone else. you'll get more detail soon. the flag flies at half mast. how to help the hundreds of people say understand what happened and how they lost the head teacher in the most terrible way. lucy manning, bbc

news. next, tens of thousands of nurses and ambulance staff have been on strike in england, the first time both have been taking industrial action on the same day. some ambulance workers also into selection in wales. it has been warned this may be the most disruptive so far in this winter's health dispute and help health editor hugh pym reports. on a nurses�* picket line in liverpool today. kelly, who has been at the local hospital for over 25 years, explains why she was willing to go on strike. i would not be stood here now if i thought that i'd left a patient at risk, but we need to do something. enough is enough. a few hundred metres away, ambulance staff were also picketing. we need more ambulances out on the road, but to staff those ambulances, then we need more staff and better conditions and a pay rise to keep staff here.

for patients, strikes mean cancellations of some routine operations and other care, and some disruption for hospitals. officially, emergency care is not affected by the strike action, but at local level hospitals reach their own agreements with the royal college of nursing. in this emergency department, there are fewer nurses on shift than on a normal day so other staff are drafted in. we just need to get some meds out... more consultants than usual are on shift, like phil here at st george's hospital in south london. he is helping dispense medication, a job that might normally be done by nurses. and postponements in routine care on strike days can mean more pressure on a&e. we encourage people to still come forward. if you need emergency life or limb—saving care, we are here. if we have other areas of the hospital that are affected, such as day assessment units or day surgery units, it may be that more patients end up needing to come through the emergency department to receive urgent care. ministers meanwhile say they will talk about next year's pay from april, but not the wage award already paid out. they've got evidence in terms

of this april that we are working with the trade unions on that will reflect inflation, reflect those circumstances, but it should be done through the independent pay review process that can look at both what the nhs needs but also the wider needs of the economy. chanting: claps don't pay the bills! nurses�* leaders, though, say they are ready to continue strikes if there are no talks on this year's pay. but, again, i would say rishi sunak can call these strikes off at any time. he shouldn't push nurses onto picket lines to may. that's unforgivable if he does. let's resolve this by getting around a table and talking. health unions are in talks with the scottish and welsh government over new pay offers, but there is no sign yet of that happening in england. hugh pym, bbc news.

that is about it. we'll be back in a few minutes with the very latest on those rescue efforts in turkey and syria. hello there. for most parts of england and wales, today has been a glorious day with lots of sunshine and this was one of her with the pictures from the porth area of cornwall showing some streaks of high cloud. but otherwise, fine and sunny. it's not been like that everywhere, though. through the thames estuary, we had some fog banks that came on shore affecting parts of essex and kent, making for a cool and rather grey, dank kind of afternoon in places. that was the fog bank just that was the fog bankjust here on the satellite picture but further north—west we've also had some figure cloud affect scotland and northern ireland and is a bit of drizzle but overnight we got a weather front bringing more general wail, rain to these north—western areas in the closest guys to wales and southern parts of england with a

sharp frost, temperatures down to about —6 in the countryside and we are looking at quite widespread and dense patches of fog, particularly across parts of southern england and east anglia so there might be some localised disruption just as we start the day tuesday morning. some lingering. forthe start the day tuesday morning. some lingering. for the north bend of cloud and weak weather front bringing their cloudy strip of weatherfrom scotland, northern ireland, north england and north wales and under scotland not much and are largely dry —looking j. into wednesday we could start off as a mist and fog patches across southern areas where winds stay light and further north winds pick up significantly on wednesday and will be quite gusty to the opening of northern ireland and scotland and eventually we will cease in the outbreaks of rain edging in as well. strongest winds will come through to wednesday night particularly across north—west scotland where we could see gusts of winds of around 75 miles an hourjust ahead of this land of rain which is this cold

front. by the time get into thursday it should push southwards and eastwards and slow pretty gusty part of day on thursday and we do have cooler air working in and that there will be bringing showers to scotland and snow in the mountains above 400 metres elevation and will cease in wintry showers and a bit of sleet and hail mixed in affecting scotland where temperatures won't get them much above freezing —— affecting shetland. temperatures will be down but closer to a fish on thursday. cooler slice of weather doesn't hang around for long, though. on friday we back into milder weather with some rain in scotland.

two massive earthquakes devastate parts of turkey and syria — killing over two and a half thousand people. the first struck in the middle of the night — it's feared thousands are trapped in the rubble of their homes. the earthquake measured 7.8 — and was felt — as far away as lebanon and cyprus. translation: we've all heard the sound of the earthquake. l her sister is still trapped under the rubble. translation: there are 12 families trapped here i and no—one managed to get out. they are all inside here. rescuers work through the rubble searching for survivors.

and turkey issues an international appeal for help — we'll be taking a look at how world leaders are responding. staying with our top story, a rescue operation is under way across much of southern turkey and northern syria following a huge earthquake that has killed more than 2,600 people. let's look at the extent of the damage — in turkey alone nearly 3,000 buildings have been destroyed. the first tremor may have happened before dawn — but the dangers remain very active. this building collapsed in the city of diyarbakir after the second quake hit. rescue operations were taking place nearby. a similar collpase happened at this apartment block in haliliye — just 100 kilometres from the epicentre. traffic and pedestrians are nearby — seemingly not aware

that it is about to collapse. it happens just slowly enough that everyone in the immediate area seems to be able to get to safety. it's not thought anyone was inside the building at the time. this is the destruction in the turkish city of hatay, row upon row of flattened buildings leaving a huge volume of debris. also in hatay, videos have emerged showing large fires bursting into the air — believed to be the result of burst gas pipelines. and this is gaziantep castle before.. ..and after the quake, the 2,000—year—old castle from the roman—era destroyed. it's sparked fears for other historic sites in the region. here's turkey's interior minister. translation: this is seriously destructive and at the moment, all of our governors are that of their duties. police,

turkish armed forces, disaster and emergency teams, turkish present in search and rescue teams from all of the country are being dispatched. across the border, northern syria. it's been cut off from the international community after years of conflict between president assad's army and the rebel forces — making rescue efforts even harder. our chief international correspondent lyse doucet explains. a syrian village which vanished in minutes. people are all that's left those who survived. so many didn't. all along this area next to turkey. still now many families are under the rubble. our teams are trying to save them. it is very difficult for us, we need help, we need the international community to do something. families are shaken from their sleep

just after 4am by a powerful earthquake whose epicentre is just across the border. in the dead of night, rescue workers known as white helmets raced to help. pulling this young girl from the rubble. this is work they know well. the last rebel held enclave has lived for years with ferocious bombardment by planes of the syrian military or its russian ally. the few hospitals which still operate here have hardly any resources or staff. now, they are overwhelmed. we received hundreds of casualties. really we need urgent help for the area, especially we are talking about medical help. these patients were already living on the edge in a war zone. displaced time and again for more than a decade. now they have been

knocked down again. translation: we were sleeping peacefully. i at 4am we felt a huge earthquake. i woke up my wife and children and we ran towards the exit door. we opened it and suddenly all the building collapsed. nature doesn't take sides. areas like hama on the syrian government control were also hit. they are also worn down by war. here it is the syrian arab red crescent working with hands and diggers. everyone will carry on their duties as needed. we ask for mercy for the victims and speedy recovery for the injured. it is our fate. syria's plight has been thrust into the eyes of the world again. today it is fighting a different kind of battle.

the international community has failed syria for many years, this is an opportunity to try and put that right. putting principles of her politics and really look at ways they can show solidarity with those who are on the ground and make sure that syrians who have been going over a decade of crisis now, to get support that they so desperately need. long—suffering syrians have felt forgotten by the world. reaching people across this broken country will be hard, but this disaster may make the world care again. earlier, i spoke to charles lister — director of syria and counter terrorism programmes at the middle east institute. it's hard to know where to start because the humanitarian access situation in northern syria is already so complicated. so, over the last two or three years, the russian government has utilised its un veto to curtail and constrain and limit the extent to which the international community can continue

to provide humanitarian assistance into the north—west and it's more than 3 million displaced people and a million to 2 million more on top of that. there is essentially one border crossing that remains open. the un continues to provide humanitarian assistance across that border so in theory that is our only rout possible through which some form of disaster relief, disaster response assistance could go but then it gets a lot more complicated because the question is, who provides that disaster relief? do they have any kind of mandate or permission to enter syria without the permission of the syrian regime in order to do so? the un, of course, has its own complications, being a multilateral body. it takes a long time to the un to decide to do or not to do something. to do it unilaterally be to take a big, bold step that essentially runs country in many ways to the policy that the international community has had

in terms of providing relief to that area for many years now so... it is really very complicated. usually complicated. and what about... we seen pictures, just so you know, charles, on screen of, amongst others, the white helmets doing their work. what about getting aid and help to them? so, i mean, the white helmets are the heroes of the current situation and they're doing an awful lot with very little. the white helmets have roughly 3000 staff across northern syria. that, again, to reiterate, has a population of over 4 million if not 5 million people. so, they really are doing a lot at extraordinary strains. they're own volunteers. they receive no salaries but they are and have been quite well supported by the international community over the years. but they are heavily dependent on basic things like diesel to keep their equipment running and as i'm hearing from people on the ground, there are already running out of diesel.

syria nationwide right now is going through a crippling fuel shortage and so that's kind of exacerbating the challenges in opposition—controlled areas but also regime—controlled areas to respond to this kind of challenge. here's mike noyes, head of humanitarian response at action aid. we've got two problems in syria. one is we have action need to respond and controlled areas and rebel held areas and both of those will need delicate negotiations to happen in the negotiations that we are experiencing in responding, we have been responding directly or are partners which are syrian turkish organisation that have been responding in these areas for a long time they know what to do these things. and let's not pretend that it is easy at the best of times in

he's not going to be the best of times. the challenges on top of that are going to be logistical and but we know is that communications go down and why the challenges we have talking to her colleagues in turkey is we've managed to get through on the phone but the new usual methods of communications are not happening those things always don't last very long so, communications going to be a problem, logistics is going to be a problem, logistics is going to be a problem. roads which have suffered the onslaught and conflict in hospitals and and in haiti after the earthquake there in 2010 just in terms of the sheer numbers of building and the sheer number of people affected and i think the thing that worries me on top of that

in this one is just the geographic spread of it. it's going be spread across a very wide area and needs are going to be in rural areas, they're going to be in two countries and at least three systems of control. this is why the strength of working with local organisations and the situation like this, it's important to remember their organisations like mine, we play our part and we do it we can and where the biggest things we can do to support local organisations and so many people are doing this with local organisations to be first responders in the situation and it's going to be there for the ongoing code as well. those organisations know their way around and enter the systems and they have the contacts and relationships within communities and relationships within communities and there will be able to move quickly if we can get the support they need to them.

stay with us on outside source — still to come. as casualties continue to rise — we'll be taking a look at why turkey's location make it vulnerable to these devastating earthquakes. beijing has urged washington to show restraint — after the us air force shot down a chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of south carolina. a chinese surveillance balloon off us navy divers are working to recover the wreckage of the balloon, which was brought down over the atlantic. a government spokesperson for china, claimed that the aircraft was for civilian use and had drifted off course. it described the incident as an overreaction and a serious violation of international law. our correspondent barbara plett usher has been following the reaction from china. what antony blinken wanted to do here in beijing was to set up lines of communication precisely to help the two countries manage unexpected crises. establishing guardrails on the relationship is what the americans call it. but the fact that that's been thrown off by a single surveillance balloon shows just how difficult it is.

i asked people hear what they felt about the us shooting down the chinese balloon. translation: i don't think the us is very friendly. i it's only a civilian aircraft. we've more advanced technologies such as satellites if we need to probe into america's secrets. america shouldn't be so nervous because of a tiny balloon. they even cancelled blinken's trip. they're overreacting. this is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. our lead story is... well over 2,000 people have died

after a massive earthquake in turkey and northern syria. situated on or near several fault lines, turkey is one of the world's most active earthquake zones. the country recorded more than 22,000 last year alone. many are deadly, the worst on record, a 7.6 magnitude quake in 1999, killing more than 17,000 people. here's our science editor, rebecca morelle. the desperate hunt for survivors, after turkey's huge earthquake. at magnitude 7.8, it's one of the biggest to hit the region in more than 80 years. but turkey's all too familiar with these natural disasters. it's one of the world's most seismically active areas. the country sits amidst several tectonic plates, and there are two major fault lines where they meet. the east anatolian fault line is where the quake struck. as the plates grind past each other, tension gradually builds up

along the fault line before it's released, resulting in an earthquake. the east anatolian fault line is around 250 miles long, but what's made the quake so deadly is how shallow it is. it happened at a depth ofjust 11 miles. since 1970, this region has seen three earthquakes greater than magnitude six. this is magnitude seven, nearly magnitude eight, this was a big one. this was an earthquake such as we don't get more than about 20 odd every year somewhere in the world. so this was big, and it was also quite shallow. if the rupture is closer to the surface, you get greater shaking of the ground surface than an earthquake of the same energy that happens at a greater depth, so it is a particularly nasty one. an earthquake of the same magnitude hit northern turkey in 1939. 30,000 people died. and in 1970, to the west of the country,

a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck, killing 1,000 people and leaving many thousands more homeless. and in 1999, an earthquake in the east of turkey caused monumental damage and around 18,000 deaths. it was one of the most destructive earthquakes in the history of the region. in gaziantep, as the rescue operation gets under way, after—shocks are the main concern, making already—damaged buildings more likely to collapse. and a second quake of magnitude 7.5 has struck to the north of the epicentre, making a desperate situation even more challenging. rebecca morelle, bbc news. earlier i spoke to the head of the euro—mediterranean seismological centre. he told me it is difficult to predict accurately where an earthquake will take place you know, if we take a long period of time, like 500 years, we know there will be an earthquake in this area for sure, but whether it happens now owing 200 years' time, we no clue.

this warning when this earthquake happened, i wake up and i was absolutely sure it was the one we are expecting because we are expecting one inch south of istanbul in the marmara sea, possibly the same size, 7.6, and we have been expecting it for a long time and we really believe it should have been the next big one in turkey, and we are proved wrong again, so basically we are totally unable to predict earthquakes. we are able to say it is an area with significant hazard, so we shall build correctly to avoid damages, but we are totally unable to predict whether it will happen close to istanbul or, like last night, close to gaziantep. interesting. can ijust ask you a bit about aftershocks? can you just tell us a bit about what exactly they are and if we know how long they go on for? so, we have to remember that an earthquake is a rupture and so here,

the first shock, as a length of 20 km. the forward movement length of 200 km. so, of course, it is transmogrified over it and so, we have all the aftershocks which are close to the rupture of the main shock which are just second of the adjustment and close in time and space to the initial rupture and decreases with time very rapidly. but the problem is that the decrease last very long so we will have aftershocks for weeks and months in this area and basically it depends on the size of the quake. the second point it is important as the second shot, 7.6 this morning is not an aftershock, it is too far me an

aftershock, it is too far me an aftershock, it is too far me an aftershock, it separating the full systems and as an earthquake that has been triggered by the first one so is very close to the rupture and the modification of the first one just triggered the second earthquake which is generating already its own aftershocks. so, what is been unusual with the main shock aftershock sequence, if the main shock followed by its own aftershock and second shot in the separate system. and second shot in the separate s stem. . , ,. . system. that is in the science behind how— system. that is in the science behind how these _ system. that is in the science | behind how these earthquakes system. that is in the science i behind how these earthquakes hit system. that is in the science - behind how these earthquakes hit and how difficult they are to deal with and respond to. let's bring you some live pictures from the southeastern turksih city of diyarbakir. one effectively caused by the other. one effectively caused by the other. on top of that, 30 or so aftershocks

which themselves can cause a lot of damage and of course, what they do is make the rescue efforts really dangerous and really unpredictable. throughout the day today, we have seen rescue efforts trying to dig people out of the buildings because of course, the first earthquake hit the middle of the night and people were in their homes, they were asleep and throughout the day, people using their hands, trying to pull rebel away, diggers using machinery as well. syria on top of the existing problems, the horror of the existing problems, the horror of the civil war that is been going on for 12 years or so now has made living conditions are already extremely difficult and crucially now, make getting aid and even harder. this one corridor effectively coming in from turkey to northern syria but that corridor itself has been hit the earthquake, extraordinary challenges facing

northern syria and the white helmet that we spoke to earlier on say they will be continuing the rescue efforts throughout the night there. this is a glib, you can see some machinery there, and back across the border in turkey, we've had plenty of commitment of aid and assistance, 45 countries in total now are offering things like surveillance systems, dogs, and of course, medical supplies and people on the ground. extraordinary efforts to be continued through the night to rescue those trapped in the rubble. for the moment, i am louis von johnson this is bbc news. please pretty common in this weather watch a picture happens to be from cornwall. and in the way of cloud

around still a lot of dry weather. it is a change in the tuesday with a weak weather front bringing in the risk of a few spots of rain was across more southern areas were looking at the cold and frosty start to the day widely across most of england and wales and as well as that, the risk of some dense fog quite widespread fog across the east anglia and cross tuesday morning most of that fog will lift and clear by the time we get to the second half of the afternoon. temperatures were sixth and seventh reports of england and wales but further north it is relatively mild. with that comes a strike of cloud and the prospect of just wanted to spots comes a strike of cloud and the prospect ofjust wanted to spots of rain falling from the cloud. through tuesday night, what's left of our weather friend will have some cloud across northern ireland and parts of northern england in southern scotland and it we keep keep us cloudy skies from the frost tip to pay and another cold one. a policy temperatures can drown —6 in spots. for wednesday, another weather front

approaching the northwest of the uk with isobars pinching together and is going to be an increasingly windy day but its mist and fog they'll probably have to start oppressing the uk with isobars pinching together and is going to be an increasingly windy day but its mist and fog they'll probably have to start across and rain getting into the northwest of the uk. even stronger winds on the way through wednesday night and particularly ahead of the score front, particularly affecting northwest scotla nd particularly affecting northwest scotland where ghosts reach 75 mph with gusts of wind for a time. the court front itself will continue to push its way southwards in these words as we go through wednesday night and by the time you get to thursday, it is still going to be windy and blustery day but the winds will be starting across the northern areas and the court front through the cloud and patches of rain, cooler air working in an charger and above the mountain and quite high up

and for shipment, the showers will be wintering in sleet or hail will be wintering in sleet or hail will be mixed in and temperatures down on recent days but actually closer to average for the time of year run seven or hail will be mixed in and temperatures down on recent days but actually closer to average for the time of year on 70 celsius. and cooler slates of weather doesn't last long and in the north of the uk will have to of cloud and optics of rain quite windy conditions to scotland and that warm front will also be bringing in much milder air backing and temperatures will be rising by the time to get a phrase friday back to many cases in many cases and many tester spots the uk for belfast. what about that we did weather prospects? high pressure will dominate with the picture toward southern areas and the closer you are to the site the more likely you are to the site the more likely you are to see sunshine and more in the way of this in high pressure in scotland and northern ireland but even here a go to the second half of the weekend we have a good chance of the weather bringing up of sunshine

another while, the weather bringing up of sunshine anotherwhile, it the weather bringing up of sunshine another while, it will stand them outside. in the name well sprayed on saturday and increasingly sunny skies as we head into sunday in the mornings could start off quite cold in the mornings could start off quite cold and locally frosty, relatively it is going to be quite mild. that is your latest. goodbye.

hello, i'm christian fraser. you're watching the context on bbc news. the two eartquakes that struck turkey and syria have killed the two earthquakes that struck turkey and syria have killed more than 3,500 people the disaster zone is enormous — the rescue teams are searching thousands of collapsed buildings and in freezing temperatures. president erdogan has just announced seven days of national mourning. in northern syria, the quake strucked areas already devestated by war. the white helmets have begged for an international response. president assad is yet to request any help. rishi sunak says a bill to restrict small boats crossing the channel will comply with the european convention on human rights. amid reports the uk might withdraw from the covention over any future legal challenge.

tonight with the context, the democratic strategist mary anne marsh — and david yelland, formerly editor of the sun,